Öppna data är ett område som organisationer inom offentlig sektor förväntas arbeta med. Trotsdetta är det fortfarande ett område som visat sig vara problematiskt. En del av problematikenhärstammar i att det är svårt att veta vilket värde öppna data har, vilket är en faktor som ledertill att motivationen för kommunala verksamheter att prioritera öppna data är lågt. I den härstudien undersöker vi vilka utmaningar och framgångsfaktorer som existerar samt vilket värdesom förväntas komma fram av arbetet inom öppna data från ett kommunalt perspektiv.Resultatet av studien kommer från en flerfallstudie där fyra kommuner av olika storlek och tvårepresentanter från Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting (SKL) deltog. Genomsemistrukturerade intervjuer som tillvägagångssätt för att samla in empiriska data har mångautmaningar framkommit, främst relaterade till organisatoriska aspekter. Tekniska utmaningarhar enligt tidigare forskning varit utmanande, men upplevs inte som lika utmanande i dennastudie. Samtidigt framgår det att det är svårt att hitta konkreta framgångsfaktorer dåkommunala initiativ inom öppna data fortfarande inte kommit så långt. Det har också visat sigvara svårt att generera värde främst på grund av att det inte finns tillräckligt mångadatamängder publicerade. De data som dock finns publicerade från de olika kommunerna ärofta osammanhängande och svåra att förädla inom privat sektor. Medborgarna som i slutändanska kunna använda tjänster och produkter som baseras på öppna data har därför endast kunnatse begränsade effekter från öppna data. Avsaknaden av ett nationellt samarbete försvårararbetet med öppna data både för offentlig sektor att publicera data och för privat sektor attförädla data. Detta leder i sin tur till att inget värde kan skapas för medborgare. På grund avdetta har det inte uppvisats något konkret värdeskapande utan värdet av öppna data ärfortfarande en förväntning och inte en verklighet i termer av realiserat värde. / Open government data (OGD) is an area that organizations in the public sector expects to workwith. Despite this, OGD is an area that has been proven to be problematic. One part of theproblem can be derived from that it is currently unknown what value OGD has, which is afactor that gives OGD low priority in the public organizations. In this study, we examine thechallenges and success factors that exists for OGD initiatives in municipalities, and at the sametime we study the expected value of these initiatives. The result from the study comes from amultiple case study conducted with four municipalities and two representatives from SwedishAssociation of Local Authorities and Regions. With semi-structured interviews as an approachto gather empirical data, multiple challenges have emerged, mostly related to organizationalaspects. Technical challenges have according to earlier research been challenging, but in thisstudy, this was only perceived as a minor challenge. At the same it is difficult to find concretesuccess factors since OGD initiatives from municipalities still have much work ahead of them.We can also see clearly that it has been difficult to generate any sort of value, mostly becauseof the insufficient number of datasets published. The data that is published however, is mostlyincoherent between the different municipalities and difficult to refine from the private sector.The citizens, who ultimately is going to use services and products based on OGD have thereforeonly seen limited effects from OGD. The lack of national collaboration makes the work withOGD problematic both concerning publication of datasets from the public sector and therefinement of data from the private sector. This leads to a situation where no value can becreated for the citizens. Because of this, no concrete value creation has been shown and thevalue of OGD is still an expectation and not a reality in terms of realized value.

Inside an open data ecosystem, between municipality and business, there exists an unexplored data market based on open data sets. As actors works towards a functioning ecosystem, resistance is expressed. In this study, we explore and expand the insight of an open data ecosystem and bring forth actors’ resistance expression. This paper is the result of a case study about three municipalities, five business and their relation towards the data market in aSwedish context. From interviews, observations, documents, and thorough analysis we found that municipalities have limited knowledge, resources and political leadership, while businesses are affected by the lacking technical infrastructure on many levels, where open data products never become reality and are in a constant fear. The lacking collaboration infrastructure makes it impossible for municipalities to hear the prayers chanted by businesses. And nowhere to be found is the political leadership needed to move this chaos into order. From this, a deadlock is condensed where no one can act. / NODS - Nationell tjänst för öppna data

Hantering av larm från nätverksnoder är i dagsläget en process som kräver att nätverkstekniker besöker flera olika källor av information för att dra en slutsats över vad orsaken till larmet kan vara. Genom att besöka flera olika källor av information kan det vara komplicerat att få en överblick över problemet. Studien utförs på uppdrag av Trafikverket för att underlätta arbetet för Trafikverkets nätverkstekniker på avdelningen network operations center (NOC). En webbapplikation har utvecklats för att sammanställa de vanligaste källorna som nätverkstekniker besöker. Webbapplikationen amalgamerar och presenterar information på ett sätt som bör underlätta felsökningsprocessen för nätverkstekniker. Webbapplikationen indikerar de vanligaste felorsakerna, beroende på vilken typ av larm som hanteras. Valmöjligheter vid utveckling av en webbapplikation kan göra det svårt för utvecklare att välja mjukvara. Även om mjukvara delvis sorteras ut beroende på i vilket syfte som utvecklingen sker finns fortfarande en stor mängd alternativ. Denna studie har förtydligat och bevisat att mjukvaran NodeJS, PostgreSQL och PostGIS fungerar enhetligt och är att föredra för en webbapplikation med spatiala funktioner. För att utvärdera webbapplikationen genomfördes ett användartest där nio personer, 47% av personalen på Trafikverket NOC deltog. Användartestet visar positiva resultat gällande hur väl webbapplikationen fyllde sitt syfte med att indikera möjliga orsaker för nätverkslarm samt deltagarnas upplevelse med webbapplikationen. I användartestet anser 100% av deltagarna att webbapplikationen skulle spara dem tid och de tre populäraste funktionerna var polygoner för att visa elnätägare, realtids väderdata samt en sammanställning av interna data på samma ställe. / Handling of alarms on network nodes is a process that requires network technicians to visit several sources of information before they can draw a conclusion on the reason behind the alarm. By visiting several different sources of information, it may be difficult to establish a good overview of the problem. This study is made on request by the Swedish traffic authority Trafikverket to ease the workload of the co-workers at the department network operations center (NOC). A web application has been developed to amalgamate the most common sources a network technician visits. The web application presents the amalgamated information in a way that eases the troubleshooting process for the network technicians. The web application also indicates what the most common reasons are, depending on which kind of alarm that is being handled. Due to the large availability of different software it can be difficult for a developer to choose a suitable software. Even if some are excluded based on the purpose of the development there are still many choices. This study emphasizes that the software NodeJS, PostgreSQL and PostGIS works well together and is a suitable choice when creating a web application that needs to use spatial functions. To evaluate the web application a user test was conducted were nine participants, 47% of the personnel at Trafikverket NOC participated. The result shows positive results in both how well the web application filled its purpose by indicating possible reasons for a network alarm as well as the participants experiences with the web application. In the user test 100% of the participants claim that the web application would save them time and the three most popular features were polygons of electricity distributors, real time weather data and an amalgamation of internal data in one place.

This study examines how Borlänge municipality can initiate their work with open data. To open data means that the organisation has in the past kept their datasets closed from public, the point with the project is to publicize datasets to encourage opportunities and innovation in society.Since 2016 Riksarkivet has had a mission to make sure that Swedish governmental bodies have opened a dataset of some type, this mission will finish at the end of 2018. The mission itself has originated from an EU directive and been fitted to Swedish law.This study has collected data and experiences from other municipalities but also from stakeholders and an expert in open data. The study has also collected information online, such as guides, frameworks and processes. All of the collected data served as a foundation for the startplan we composed for Borlänge municipality. / Denna studie undersöker hur Borlänge kommun kan inleda sitt arbete med öppna data. Att öppna sina data betyder att verksamheten tidigare har hållit sina datamängder stängda från allmänheten, syftet med arbetet är då att offentliggöra datamängder för att främja möjligheter och innovation i samhället.Sedan 2016 har Riksarkivet haft i uppdrag att se till att samtliga svenska myndigheter har öppnat någon mängd och typ av data, detta ska vara klart till slutet av 2018. Uppdraget i sig har härstammat från ett EU direktiv och anpassats till svensk lag.Denna studie har samlat in data och erfarenheter från andra kommuner men också från intressenter och en expert inom öppna data. Studien har även samlat in information som finns online, såsom guider, ramverk och processer. Dessa insamlade data låg till grund för den startplan vi sammanställde för Borlänge kommun.

The new wave of digital information requires archival institutions to develop new methods and e-services to handle the large amounts of digital information that is in their custody. Swedish Archival institutions have in accordance with the Public and Secrecy Act traditionally promoted the preservation and re-use of public information. The thesis investigates how the Swedish municipal archives are dealing with digital provision of their digital holdings to the public. At present, the Swedish Public Sector Information (PSI) directive places additional demands on them to make digital information available. This information is referred to as open data. This means that that they need to use digital tools to be able to do so. The study involved four Swedish municipal archival institutions, employed a qualitative research methodology and uses the case study method to gain a deeper insight of the phenomenon under study. It employed interviews as a data collecting technique. The results showed that to make digital infor-mation available it requires the implementation of an e-archive which consolidates and facilitates the management of information. The study results further showed that the PSI-directive is not fully understood by some of the interviewed archivists and some of the institutions also lack e-archives. In conclusion, the thesis analysis confirmed that the municipal archival institutions found it difficult to make their digital holdings available and to implement the PSI directive. This was due to organizational problems such as weak budgets, lack of high-quality data sources, knowledge and ambiguities in the PSI-directive. This is a two years master’s thesis in Archival Science.

Öppna geodata är idag (2016) ett ofta debatterat ämne och många aktörer i samhället får mer och mer intresse för frågan, i synnerhet i offentlig sektor. Även på riksnivå har politiker börjat verka för öppna geodata, där riksdagen nyligen har beslutat kring ett flertal motioner i frågan. Regeringen har dessutom uppdragit om studier om öppna geodata. Sverige ligger efter övriga nordiska länder, men även andra länder har kommit längre i utvecklingen mot öppna geodata. Idag arbetas mycket på området och myndigheten med ansvar för geodata i Sverige, Lantmäteriet, har börjat öppna datamängder, och fortsätter verka för vidare öppnanden. Detta kandidatexamensarbete har genomförts vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, KTH, i samarbete med Agima Management AB. Arbetet syftar till att studera vilka möjligheter öppna geodata medför och vilka utmaningar en organisation ställs inför när organisationen ska öppna geodata. Genom en litteraturstudie kring olika åsikter, främst ifrån offentlig sektor, och intervjuer med personer verksamma inom geodataområdet sammanfattas dessa möjligheter och utmaningar med öppna geodata. Resultaten av arbetet visar att de främsta möjligheterna med öppna geodata är näringslivsutveckling och innovationskraft samt effektiviseringspotential i offentlig sektor. Vidare leder detta till positiva samhällsekonomiska effekter. De utmaningar en offentlig organisation ställs inför vid ett öppnande av geodata är framför allt finansieringen av geodata. Detta eftersom geodata idag delvis finansieras av avgifter från användare. I förlängningen finns utmaningar med att upprätthålla en hög kvalitet på geodata om geodata till exempel skulle skattefinansieras. Detta blir därför en ständig fråga för tjänstemän och politiker. Slutsatsen är att eftersom möjligheterna övervinner många av utmaningarna, då dessa inte är direkta nackdelar utan något som behöver lösas på ett annat sätt än idag, kan öppna geodata antas bli vanligare i Sverige på sikt. En av anledningarna till den relativt låga hastighet Sverige håller på området verkar vara att tjänstemän och politiker inte är på samma nivå i frågan idag. / Open geodata is today (2016) a highly debated topic and the interest for the matter is increasing, especially for the public sector. In the parliament, politicians have started to work for open geodata, where the parliament recently decided about several motions on the matter. Recently, there have also been assignments from the government about studying open geodata impacts. Sweden is behind the other Nordic countries and several other countries have evolved further towards open geodata as well. Today there is a lot of work on open geodata questions and the Swedish mapping, cadastral and land registration authority, Lantmäteriet, has started to open some of its data, and is aiming towards opening more. This Bachelor of Science thesis has been conducted at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, in cooperation with Agima Management AB. The study aims towards describing the opportunities that open geodata brings, and the challenges that an organization faces when opening data. These opportunities and challenges are summarized through a literature review of different opinions, mostly from the public sector, and personal interviews with persons in the geodata field. The results show that the foremost opportunities with open geodata is in developing business and innovation as well as efficiency improvements in the public sector which leads to economic gains. The challenges a public organization faces when trying to open geodata is mainly financial. The financial issues come from the current model where fees from users are financing the operations. In extension, there will also be challenges with sustaining a high quality of geodata, which will be a constant question for officials and politicians if geodata, for example is financed by taxes. The conclusion is that since the opportunities overcome the challenges, as many of the challenges are not direct drawbacks, but rather something that has to be solved in a different way than it is today, open geodata may become more normal in Sweden eventually. One of the reasons for Sweden’s relatively low speed in the area seems to be that public officials and politicians are at different levels in the matter today.

Introduction. Previous research has shown that the increasing demands of research data management have proven to be challenging to both researchers and research support. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the process of managing, archiving, and sharing research data and what challenges it faces. Furthermore, it aims to investigate what the archivist’s role is and should be in this process and how archivists and researchers communicate and collaborate with each other.  Method. To pursue this aim, a qualitative method was used, consisting of semi-structured interviews with archivists from seven different public universities in Sweden, with three larger universities and four smaller ones. Analysis. For the analysis a thematic method was used, where similarities and differences, views and opinions were identified and categorized into different themes. Result. The result showed that a fundamental challenge is for the archivists to reach out to the researchers with the information and knowledge that they need and how to make that information comprehensible. The result further showed that several of the interviewed archivists believe that the current focus of resources and demands aimed at the development of open data is misdirected and contra productive because the researchers are more interested in and have a greater need of safe storing and proper archiving of their research data, rather than making it open. Conclusion. The investigation concludes that there is a great need for new ways for archives and other research support to reach out to researchers with information on research data management and that this requires more resources. It furthermore concludes that there is a need to further investigate what researchers truly need for them to properly manage and preserve their research data in the long term and what role the archivist will play in this development.  This is a two years master’s thesis in Archival science.

Municipalities and government agencies are producers of information that may be of interest to the public concerning areas such as population statistics, weather data and policy decisions. In the Digital Agenda, the Swedish Government emphasizes the importance for data to be spread and promotes the development and innovation of new e-services created by other parties than government agencies. Various development initiatives of platforms have been taken around the world but there are no specific standards regarding how data should be made public. Softronic currently offer their customers a proprietary platform for the publication of open data. In order to improve or alternatively replace this, Softronic wanted an evaluation of a number of already existing platforms. This report contains an evaluation of the Softronic platform along with three other candidates: CKAN, Socrata and OpenDataSoft. The included aspects in the evaluation were selected based on requests from Softronic, covering among other things the installation process, performance and upgrades. To assess the API function of the platforms and demonstrate how an application using open data can be implemented, a graphical client was developed. Socrata received the highest score in the evaluation, followed by in turn OpenDataSoft, CKAN and Softronic. Socrata is recommended as a platform for publishing open government data mainly because it offered extensive functionality, required few technical skills and provided plenty of support services. / Kommuner och myndigheter är producenter av information som kan vara av intresse för allmänheten gällande exempelvis befolkningsstatistik, väderdata och politiska beslut. I den digitala agendan verkar Sveriges regering för att data ska spridas och främja utveckling och innovation av nya e-tjänster skapade av andra aktörer än myndigheter. Diverse utvecklingsinitiativ har tagits kring plattformar runtom i världen men det finns inga tydliga standarder kring hur data ska göras publikt. Softronic erbjuder idag sina kunder en egenutvecklad plattform för publiceringen av öppna data. För att kunna förbättra eller alternativt ersätta denna, ville Softronic ha en utvärdering av ett antal redan existerande plattformar. Denna rapport innehåller en utvärdering av Softronics plattform tillsammans med tre andra kandidater: CKAN, Socrata och OpenDataSoft. De aspekter som utvärderingen innefattar valdes utifrån önskemål från Softronic och täcker bland annat installationsförfarande, prestanda och uppgraderingar. För att undersöka API-funktionen hos plattformarna och demonstrera hur en applikation som använder sig av öppna data kan implementeras, utvecklades även en grafisk klient. Socrata fick högst poäng i utvärderingen, följt av i tur och ordning OpenDataSoft, CKAN och Softronic. Socrata rekommenderas som en plattform för publicering av öppna myndighetsdata främst eftersom den erbjöd omfattande funktionalitet, krävde få tekniska färdigheter och tillhandahöll många supporttjänster.

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Introduction: The subject of research data management is highly topical and university libraries around the world are working hard to establish a well-functioning support as well as technical solutions to deal with sharing and storing research data. Swedish university libraries are no exception, and this study aims to give a clearer view on how these support functions have come to take the form they have today, what they look like now and what the plans are.  Method: For this study eight people working with research data support at six Swedish university libraries were interviewed about the work of the support groups they are part of. These interviews were recorded and transcribed, and then analysed thematically by colour coding themes in the text.  Analysis and results: The findings show that the persons working with data managing support at these six university libraries agree on many points of how the support needs to be developed to meet the students and researchers needs. One of the most important things of what the research data managing groups need to do are to supply more information sessions, workshops, and teaching to reach out with their knowledge and to make people more aware of their existence and competences. Another is making sure technical solutions are in place to store data throughout the different steps of the research data lifecycle. The training and development of the professionals working in the support groups is also a very important part, as this is a changing subject and the rules and regulations do change. Lastly the interviewees underline the importance of solid motivating factors for researchers to share their data. The data support groups can simplify the process of data sharing and make it easier and smoother for the researcher to do it, but if it is unclear why it should be done it will not happen.  Conclusions: The development of the research data support has been, and is, slow and still ongoing. There is still a fair amount of work to be done, especially when it comes to the technical solutions that will enable safe and FAIR data sharing and storing. But the work that needs to be done cannot come only from university libraries and other university support functions, it must come from publishers, funders and other organisations that have the power to change the norms of data sharing. One of the main blockers of open data today is the lack of motivation for researchers to share their data and to be able to reach the goal of open data 2026 the entire system of merits for researchers needs to change and somehow include data sharing as an important part.  This is a two-year master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.