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我國政黨候選人提名制度之研究--以七十八年至八十四年立委選舉為例王義男 Unknown Date (has links)
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品牌再造之代言人策略-以台灣啤酒為例 / Representative strategy as brand image re-creation劉文琳 Unknown Date (has links)
台灣啤酒在台灣雖然是無人不知的國民品牌,不過時間一久同樣面臨到品牌老化的問題,故本研究的文獻回顧從品牌老化與再造的部分切入,探討品牌生命週期、造成品牌老化的原因以及品牌再造的策略運用,同時套入臺灣菸酒公司-啤酒事業部的個案,深入剖析台灣啤酒的發展歷程、品牌老化問題和廣告代言人策略,並聚焦台啤歷年的代言人進一步歸納整理,建立代言人評量表來檢視各代言人的適配性,最後分析其關鍵成敗因素並對台灣啤酒未來的廣告代言人人選提出具體建議,希望對台啤未來的品牌發展有所幫助。
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人民幣均衡實質匯率實證分析:1982年至2005年官明儀 Unknown Date (has links)
本文以Elbadawi (1994)提出的實質均衡匯率估計模型來估計1982年至2005年的人民幣均衡匯率水平以及匯率失調程度。估計結果顯示出,「貿易開放度」和「政府經常性支出占政府總支出之比例」為決定人民幣均衡實質匯率走勢的基本面經濟變量。在此段期間內,人民幣均衡實質匯率大致呈現持續貶值的趨勢,其中「貿易開放度」的持續改善是造成均衡實質匯率貶值的最主要原因。人民幣實質匯率在1995年時相當接近均衡,而1995年以前的人民幣實質匯率都處於低估的狀態,1995年以後人民幣實質匯率則轉而變為高估,高估一直持續至2005年。此結果與大部分認為人民幣實質匯率目前處於低估的研究結果不同。而本文的誤差修正模型中除了考慮長期基本面因素造成的影響之外,還考慮了其他因素所造成人民幣均衡實質匯率的短期衝擊,使得所估計出之誤差修正模型反映出人民幣實質匯率的短期波動,而更具解釋力。
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臺灣人力資源與教育發展之關係研究蓋浙生, Gai, Zhe-Sheng Unknown Date (has links)
第一章緒論
第一節本文研究的旨趣與重要性
第二節本文研究的範圍與資料
第三節本文研究的方法
第二章臺灣人口問題的探討
第一節台灣人口增長的趨勢及其組成特徵
第二節台灣人口的增長與教育問題的探討
第三節台灣人口的增長興經濟問題的探討
第三章臺灣人力資源的組成概況
第一節人力資源的意義及其時代性
第二節台灣人力資源的供需情形
第四章臺灣教育發展的剖析
第一節台灣教育現況的分析及其對人力開發的效應
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論遺囑信託─以有受益人之民事私益信託為中心─李如龍, Lee, Ru-long Unknown Date (has links)
遺囑信託,係指以遺囑方式所創設之信託。我國信託法明示除其他依法律規定而成立之信託外,信託得以遺囑之方式為之。然自信託法八十六年公布施行以來,遺囑信託並未受到相當的重視,致實務上產生之種種問題,均無法獲得圓滿的解決,因認有全面研究遺囑信託之必要。
遺囑信託於英美已有數百年之歷史,其有何優點值得探討,而我國亦立法承認此一制度之理由,亦值法學界及實務界關心。理論上信託法內所有規定,均可適用於遺囑信託,但深入探討後將發現存有大小不等之問題,顯係立法時所未見。對這些問題實有必要基於學理予以討論,供實務或修法時之參考,亦使使用者有所依循。同時本論文之目的在提供實務及修法之依據、建構遺囑信託之理論體系,以及喚起社會對此種制度之重視。
本論文分為六章,分別為緒論、遺囑信託之基礎概念、遺囑信託之設立、遺囑信託之法律效力、遺囑信託之監督、變更及消滅、與結論。第一章說明研究動機及目的、研究範圍與方法、參考文獻及限制、以及論文架構。
第二章介紹遺囑信託之基礎概念。首先摘要介紹信託之意義、功能及其分類,其次說明遺囑信託之源起及發展,接著探討遺囑信託之意義、性質與功能,最後則比較遺囑信託與其他法律關係建構遺囑信託概念之界限。第三章討論遺囑信託設立之各項要件,包含遺囑信託行為、遺囑信託當事人、關係人、信託財產、信託目的、信託存續期間、及信託之公示等,藉由分析其成立及生效要件,不僅可深入瞭解遺囑信託,亦作為後續討論之基礎。第四章遺囑信託之法律效力,擬討論遺囑信託成立生效後,對於信託財產、受託人、受益人、委託人所發生之效力與信託關係人間之權利義務。第五章中擬研究遺囑信託本身之相關問題,如其生效後之監督、變更、及消滅等。
第六章為本論文之結論,綜合言之,信託法對遺囑信託之規範甚為簡略,許多規定並未詳加考慮委託人於信託生效時已死亡之情形,致實際運用時將產生許多問題,另外在遺囑信託財產與繼承人特留分間之衝突,也是信託法與繼承法間的衝突,如何圓滿解決,有深入探討之必要。最後,本論文提出九點修正信託法之建議,期供未來司法實務或修法過程之參考,而使遺囑信託制度於我國之運作能臻於完善。
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《人物志》的人才學研究-HRD觀點王玟晶, Wang, Wen Jing Unknown Date (has links)
本論文名為「《人物志》的人才學研究-HRD觀點」,從『能力發展』、『考選評估』、『甄補任用』、『人才合作』、『領導接班』、『人文精神』此六個現代所重視的HRD觀點,研究《人物志》的人才學在人力資源發展的領域中如何應用以及其地位,採取文獻分析法和比較研究途徑,本研究的範圍,以《人物志》為主,將《冰鑑》、《貞觀政要》、《做21世紀的人才》…等東方人才學文獻以及有關《人物志》的研究結合HRD觀點,進行文獻分析和比較,本文之研究目的乃探討:一、《人物志》的人才學的重要性;二、《人物志》的人才學的現代性;三、《人物志》之人才學內涵和人才分類系統;四、《人物志》的人才學在人力資源發展的領域中如何應用以及其地位;五、《人物志》之人才學對人力資源發展提供新的啟示。
研究發現以HRD觀點研究《人物志》的人才學,可結合成六大面向:一、『才性鑑定與能力發展』:發掘員工潛能;二、『識人之明與考選評估』:可與多元評估模式相互補足;三、『用人之道與甄補任用』:依人格、專業、才智、職能與利弊用人;四、『人才之間協調與合作』:化解性格和溝通上的衝突、適才適所並建立異質團隊;五、『君臣英雄論與領導接班』:分析領導者的資質、領導風格和侷限;六、『道德修養與人文精神』:謙讓律己。
《人物志》提出才性鑑賞的原理、識人方法與考察人才的途徑、用人必須揚長避短、崇尚全才、溝通需有八通之能且行之以道,並提倡謙讓的道德修養,21世紀所需要的人才亦注重品格與修養,《人物志》的人才學對於現代人力資源發展提供莫大的啟發,進而豐富行政學中國化的意義。
關鍵詞:劉卲、才性、人物志、人才學、人力資源發展
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我國高職學生對校園人權實踐現況認知之研究-以苗栗縣某高職為例溫俊卿, Wen, Jun Chin Unknown Date (has links)
人權的發展,唯有「教育」得以徹底改善,在過程中不免經歷震盪的混亂時期,然延緩一天的實行勢必延緩一天的收穫。學校主政者常以尊重學生的意見,作為實施計畫的參考,但實際決定者仍是學校。學生的學校生活應以學生為中心,並非以執行者的方便性而導向。以學生權益做為依歸,方得學生之敬重。罔顧學生的權益及期許,校園人權便無法在校園中獲得實踐。
營造一個符合人權教育發展的校園環境,透過整體「言教」、「身教」、「境教」、「制教」等潛在課程的影響,讓學生在生活中實際體驗人性尊嚴的價值感,是推動人權教育理念的首要之務。而人權教育的實踐重點在於「學生想要什麼?」、「教師應該做什麼?」、「學校應該準備什麼?」等三方面,若只是形式化的活動,便無法彰顯人權教育的意義與本質。
著重於「升學」與「管理」,欠缺了「感動」與「創造感動」的過程。另類與傳統於本質上並沒有衝突。遺憾的是我們欠缺自覺能力,以及未經證實的一意複製,傷害了自己,也傷害了孩子。看看現在的孩子以及回想我們的成長過程,在我們年少的歲月裡是否也一樣創造力被壓抑以及缺乏獨立思考與批判的能力?人權教育的實施不只是教育美學概念的開展,期許的更是國家的民主、教育的民主;國家未來的希望在教育,教育的希望在民主。
本研究結果除分數的歧視、教師角色、教師的管理、漠視學生平等受教權、不適任教師損害學生學習權、行政單位之外,尚包含:尊重、意見的表達、申訴管道以及教師的評鑑制度……等等。「體罰需有夠愛、公平、排斥、尊嚴、思考等要素」,而不得出現於校園。以現今而言,威權與民主化的歷程是值得世人肯定,也許某些人仍舊開著民主的倒車,自由與平等的衝突便是主要因素,更是為人權奮鬥者努力的方向。
在研究的歷程中,馮朝霖教授為我開啟人權的一扇窗,光線與風都進來後,研究者開始注意周遭與人權相關的議題。校園人權的實踐無法深耕於學校,威權的思想與觀念仍是校園的一顆巨石而無法撼動。為何一定要用肢體暴力的體罰方式才能讓學生臣服呢?是否教育已經進入死胡同般而無法自拔?是否又是認知與期待的落差呢?
「期許對現況的改變,應該即時;慢了,便是延緩現況的改變;距離理想將更遙遠。」希望本研究得以提供相關單位作為臺灣高職學校校園人權實踐之參考。
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大學生參與老人服務性社團之經驗探討 / Exploring the experiences of youth volunteers involved in service for elderly楊伊伊 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,青年加入志願服務已成為一種趨勢,而在這逐漸步入高齡化的社會中,青年的服務提供者扮演重要的人力資本。從研究者在大學期間至浩然敬老院服務的經驗出發,探討大學生何以願意加入服務老人行列及加入服務後對他們的影響為何。據此,研究問題如下:(1)大學生加入老人服務性社團的動機為何?(2)參與老人服務性社團的大學生對老人的態度為何?(3)大學生對老年生活的認知為何?(4)服務老人的經驗對大學生對老人的態度及人生價值有何影響?
本研究採用質性研究法,並以半結構式訪談蒐集資料。本研究共訪談9名來自淡江大學浩然守護天使社團的大學生,其中5名女性4名男性,他們提供服務的年數介於1年至3年間,而大多數大學生自大學一年級即加入服務,出席率狀況穩定者居多。有6位大學生自小由祖父母照顧或居住;至於未由祖父母照顧的3位學生,他們亦有和祖父母頻密接觸的經驗。研究結果如下:
一、大學生服務老人的動機:大學生參與服務老人的服務性社團的動機可分為兩個層次:大學生參與服務性社團的原因及大學生選擇以老人為服務對象的原因。在大學生參與服務性社團的原因方面,包含:(1)實踐利他的意義;(2)同儕的影響;及(3)機會的可近性。在大學生選擇以老人為服務對象的原因方面則為:(1)對服務對象的認知;及(2)個人的生命經驗。
二、大學生對老人的態度:大學生對老人的生理特徵方面提出了三個面向的觀察:(1)老人在外觀上,包含軀體上及感官系統皆產生變化;(2)老人身體機能退化;(3)老人的移動能力降低。大學生對老人心理狀態的看法分為四個面向:(1)健康老人的圖像:可以好好照顧自己的生活、保有樂觀的態度、願意與別人互動、擁有自我排解負面情緒的能力才是健康的老人;(2)老人學習能力:大學生認為老人有學習的能力,並提出學習的機會、長者本身擁有高度學習意願及指導者的耐心教學是影響老人學習的因素;(3)老人的人格是被動、冷漠、自我、不服老、健談、熱情及堅強的;(4)老人的情緒呈現悲觀消極、憤世嫉俗、需要被別人關懷及看得開的。
三、大學生對老年生活的認知:(1)家庭面向:老人擁有實際層面和精神層面的意義,他們是完整家庭的精神象徵、家庭凝聚力的中心、意見提供者及分擔照顧責任的輔助角色;(2)社會面向:老人在社會中扮演傳承、經驗分享及生命教育的角色,但也有大學生認為老人消耗社會資源造成社會負擔;(3)經濟面向:大學生觀察到居住於敬老院的長者能夠維持基本的生活開銷,但社區長者在經濟上則呈現貧窮與富裕兩極端的現象;(4)居住面向:大學生不僅認為長者的居家環境必須清靜、安全、充滿活力及具備無障礙設計,也對安養機構提出看法,認為安養機構有別於家的感覺、生活制式化、缺乏選擇的自由及生活照顧疏離。
四、大學生加入老人服務後的影響:首先,服務老人影響了大學生對老人的態度,他們變得更願意關懷長者、更尊重長者、對長者更有包容心、發現長者的能力、更了解長者的需求,甚至將服務中的感受回饋給家種的長者。其次,大學生服務老人的經歷也對他們的人生價值產生影響:(1)個人價值:對「幸福」意義的反思、提升自信、學習到人生的智慧;(2)社會價值:重視家庭的安全感、體會真誠的友誼之重要性;(3)能力價值:發現口條能力的重要性;及(4)道德價值:服務的觀念、重視真誠的態度及對長者投入更多愛心。
五、本研究依據結果提出幾個建議:(1)針對學校的建議:鼓勵校方可透過辦理代間服務學習課程及老化體驗,並加強課外活動組的角色,以推動更多大學生加入服務性社團;(2)針對安養機構的建議:促進安養機構長者的活力老化,以及讓安養機構展現家的元素;(3)針對政策的建議:提供長者活到「活到老,學到老」的環境,並完善經濟安全體系。 / In recent years, the youth to join the volunteer service has become a trend. With gradually aging society, youth service providers are playing an important role. This is to explore the experience of University students from researchers at the University to nursing home services. At the same time to find out why students are willing to join the ranks of the service for the elderly and what the effects are after joining services.
The following are the research questions: (1) What motivates the students to join service club for the elderly? (2) What are the attitudes of the involved University students towards the elderly community? (3) What level of knowledge the University students have about life in old age? (4) What are impacts for the students in terms of the value of life and the attitudes towards the elderly following their experience of the service the elderly?
This research used a qualitative research method, and semi-structured interviews to collect data. The research interviews with a total of nine University students from Tamkang University, Hao Ran Guardian Angel Club. Five of them are female and four of them are male. In between them they have the experience of providing the services of one to three years. Most students involved since their first year in University and most of them have stable attendance rate. Six of the students brought up or live with their grandparents. Three out of the six students have not been under the care of their grandparents. However they have the experience of close relationship with their grandparents.
The results of the research are as follows:
A. The motivation of university students to join in the services for the elderly: The motivation of the students involved in services for the elderly service club can be divided into two levels: The reasons for students to participate in community service and in the services targeting the elderly. The reason for students to participate in the community service include: (1) Involve in activity that contributing to the society, (2) The influence their peers, and (3) The accessibility of opportunity. The reasons for students to chose the elderly as their servicing targets include: (1) Familiar with the servicing targets, and (2) Personal life experience.
B. University student’s attitudes toward the elderly: Students have raised three observation points with regarding to the elderly physiological characteristics: (1) Elderly change of physical appearance and sensory system, (2) Degradation of the physical function of the elderly, and (3) Elderly reduced ability to move. Students have raised four observation points with regarding to the elderly psychological characteristics: (1) Images of healthy elderly: Able take good care of their own lives, to maintain an optimistic attitude, willingness to interact with others and has the ability to self troubleshooting negative emotions, (2) Elderly learning ability: Students believe that the elderly have the ability to learn, and if presented an opportunity to learn, the elders themselves have a high degree of willingness to learn. Patience and guidance during teaching process have a direct impact to elderly learning ability, (3) The elderly personalities are passive, indifference, self-centred, talkative, enthusiastic and strong, (4) The elderly are pessimistic and cynical, need others caring.
C. University student’s awareness of life in old age: (1) Family perspective: The elderly are significance in both the actual and spiritual life. They are a symbol of the complete family, the centre of family cohesion, the supporting role of advice and sharing the responsibility in parenting, (2) Social perspective: The elderly are the symbol of heritage, experience sharing and the role model. But some students believe that the elderly consume social resources became the social burden, (3) Economic perspective: Students observed that the elderly living in nursing home has the ability to maintain basic living expenses, but the financial situation of the elderly living in the community are divided by two extremes of poverty and wealth, and (4) Living perspective: Students not only believe that the living environment for the elderly must be quiet, safe, vibrant and with easy access design, they also put forward their views that nursing homes have a different feeling of home, life regularization, the lack of freedom of choice and family members caring became a rarity.
D. Effect of University students involve in services for the elderly: First, services for the elderly affecting college students' attitudes toward the elderly, they become more willing to care for the elderly, and more respect for the elderly, treating the elderly with more generosity, recognise the ability of the elderly, better understanding of the needs of the elderly, and even express their feeling to the elderly after providing the service. Secondly, the experience of the university student services for the elderly also have an impact to their view on the value of life: (1) Personal values: A reflection on the meaning of happiness, to enhance self-confidence and acquired the wisdom of life, (2) Social values: Emphasis on the family's sense of security and appreciate the importance of friendship, (3) Competence values: Discover the importance of persuasive eloquence, and (4) Moral values: The concept of service, appreciate the sincere attitude and treating the elderly more care and love.
E. With the data and information collected above, this research proposed a few suggestions: (1) Suggestion for the school: To encourage the school upon intergenerational service-learning courses and the elderly service experience. Strengthen the role of the curricular activities and to push for more students to join a service clubs, (2) Recommendations for nursing homes: Promote vitality of the elderly activities and to inject the elements of home in nursing homes, and (3) Recommendations for policy: To provide the elderly the adequate learning environment, and to improve the economic security system for the elderly.
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從管理者觀點探討我國政府約聘僱人員制度:以臺北市政府為例 / The Study of Contract Personnel System from the Perspective of Manager: the Case of Taipei City Government蔡述倫 Unknown Date (has links)
近三十多年來,全球發達國家皆已針對公務人力制度進行改革,特別是精簡龐大而沒有效率的政府機關架構及人力,並調整永業制的公務員制度,使公務人力更具彈性及活力,其中,引進較高比例的契約性人力也成為達到此目標的重要策略之一。相較之下,我國目前對於契約人力的運用仍較為保守,雖然政府進用許多非常任人員執行公務,但針對此類人員並沒有明確之人力資源策略定位。銓敘部雖於近年研擬完成「聘用人員人事條例草案」,但西方「管理主義」式改革強調的是整體公務人力管理的彈性化以及「讓管理者管理」(Let managers manage);然而,我國對約聘僱人員制度所進行的改革則強調建立一套完整的權利義務規範,且忽略了對管理彈性的強調。
本研究以臺北市政府約聘僱人員制度之執行經驗作為個案,瞭解政府機關運用約聘僱人員之現況,試圖從管理者的觀點來探討我國政府聘用人員制度之可行改革方向。本研究運用次級資料分析法及深度訪談法,除瞭解、釐清當前臺北市政府約聘僱人員所扮演的角色與功能外,同時從管理者的角度來評估現行約聘僱制度的優劣,以及聘用人員人事條例草案對於管理者的管理可能帶來的影響與衝擊。研究發現,機關進用約聘僱人員的主因來自於現有編制人力無法負荷快速膨脹的業務;至於在工作內容方面,約聘僱人員與公務人員的工作有很大一部分是相互重疊的。
本研究提出以下建議:(1)約聘僱人員在機關中的職務工作與公務人員不需進行明確的區隔;(2) 約聘僱人員與公務人員在機關內可以一起進行考核,但採取不同軌道的激勵措施與晉升制度;(3) 比照公務人員一到五職等且涉及低度公權力的工作,未來可以考慮由低階的約僱人員替代;(4)加強對約聘僱人員的訓練及發展,並給予其適當職稱,正視約聘僱人員在機關中的地位。
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國民中學教師校園學生人權實踐之研究─以桃園縣為例林祺文 Unknown Date (has links)
教育部積極推動九年一貫課程中「人權教育」的工作,也在民國90年成立「人權教育委員會」,讓人權教育概念落實於校園,為人權文化做好扎根的工作。本研究針對桃園地區國民中學教師對校園學生人權的實踐現況進行研究,以健康權、自由權、隱私權、平等權、表意權、受教權等六個指標進行探討,得到以下結論:
一、健康權:九成以上的受訪教師難以做到準時上下課以避免佔用學生的休息時間,超過五成的教師會利用早自習或午休的時間來進行補救教學或考試。對於身心理發育尚未成熟的國中學生來說,教師在用心良苦之餘,學生適當的休息時間是不應被犧牲的。
二、自由權:學生管教問題上,九成以上的受訪教師自評能在給予學生言語責罰的同時,並不會傷害學生的個人尊嚴。但僅有百分之四的教師能完全避免以「體罰」的方式來處罰學生。
三、隱私權:教師在未獲得學生本人之同意下,公佈學生的成績或排名在國中校園仍是一個普遍的現象,而這種刺激學生學習的方式卻也侵犯了學生的隱私權。
四、平等權:九成以上的受訪教師自評能秉持「大公無私」的原則來進行班級經營與管理工作,不會因學生的背景或成績優劣給予差別待遇。
五、表意權:教師在「班級各項政策的制定」及「幹部選舉活動」仍站在主導的地位,無法完全讓學生以民主方式進行。對於「學生反應與評鑑教師的機會」的實踐程度很低,雖然國中生思考尚未成熟可能讓評鑑有過於情緒化的狀況,但學生對教師的直接評鑑仍是未來的趨勢。
六、受教權:對於班會或社團活動、藝能科目、非主科科目,遭借用來進行考試或加強特定學科之教學的情況十分普遍。而教師仍難以避免採用教室外罰站或留置訓導處等可能侵害學生受教權的方式處罰學生。
七、國民中學教師在校園學生人權的實踐上,在「學校所在地」、「擔任導師年資」、「教育程度」、「專業教育背景」等變項中均無顯著差異。在「隱私權」、「平等權」的實踐上均不受本研究背景變項的影響。
八、健康權:(1)學校規模為「25~36班」的表現較「37班以上」及「13~24班」的學校佳。(2)教師年齡為「20~29歲」的表現較「50~59歲」的教師為佳;「30~39歲」的教師實踐表現較「40~49歲」、「50~59歲」的教師為佳。
九、自由權:(1)私立學校教師的表現較公立學校教師為佳。 (2)學校規模為「13~24班」的表現較「25~36班」為佳。 (3)任教年資「21年以上」的教師表現較任教年資「5年以下」、「6~10年」、「11~15年」的為佳。此外,除了任教年資「6~10年」組之外,學生自由權的實踐表現隨著任教年資呈現反比的趨勢。 (4)教授科目為「語文(英文)」及「自然與生活科技」的教師實踐表現較「綜合活動」的教師較差。 (5)教師年齡為「20~29歲」及「30~39歲」的教師實踐表現較「50~59歲」的教師為佳。
十、表意權:(1)私立學校教師的實踐表現較公立學校教師為佳。 (2)女性教師的實踐表現較男性教師為佳。
十一、受教權:教授科目為「語文(國文)」、「語文(英文)」、「數學」、「自然與生活科技」、「社會」的教師實踐表現較「健康與體育」教師為差。
十二、教師過去經歷中,曾在「自由權」及「隱私權」受到侵害的教師,在自己未來的教學活動中會盡量避免去侵害學生所同樣應享的權利,也就是秉持「己所不欲;勿施於人」的原則。
關鍵字:人權、兒童人權、學生人權 / Ministry of Education actively promotes the task of “Human Rights Education” in the Grade 1-9 Curriculum. In the meantime ,in Minguo 90, the Ministry of Education set up the Human Rights Education Committee to carry out Human Rights Education concept at school and let the human rights culture take root. Our research aims at the practice condition of students’ human rights of the junior high school teachers in Taoyuan area. The research targets at six indexes, rights to health, rights to freedom, rights to privacy, rights to equality, rights to free expression and rights to education, and the paper comes out with the following conclusions:
1. Rights to Health:
More than 90 percent of the interviewee teachers have problem to start class and finish class on time to avoid taking up students’ rest time. Furthermore, more than 50 percent of the teachers would use the morning study hall or noon rest time to carry out remedial teaching or tests. For junior high school students whose mental and physical development is still immature, while teachers have given much thought to their study, appropriate time for students to rest should not be sacrificed.
2. Rights to Freedom:
With regard to student discipline problems, more than 90 percent of the interviewee teachers assert that as they give students language punishment, they would not harm students’ personal pride. However, only 4 percent of teachers can completely avert corporal punishment while correcting students.
3. Rights to Privacy:
It is still a common phenomenon for teachers to give out students’ grade or ranks without their permission in junior high school. Nonetheless, the manner to stimulate students to learn has at the same time violates students’ privacy.
4. Rights to Quality:
More than 90 percent of interviewee teachers claimed that they can handle the tasks of class management and administration under the “perfectly fair and impartial” principle, and they will not discriminate students by their backgrounds or results of study.
5. Rights to Free Expression:
Teachers still have dominant power over “the formation of various class policies” and “election of cadre members.” As a result, students cannot carry out the activities via democratic ways. The degree of the practice of “students’ feedback and opportunity of teacher evaluation” is rather low. Although junior high school students’ thinking may not yet be mature and thus their evaluation might become too emotional, students’ direct evaluation of teachers is still the trend of future.
6. Rights to Education:
It is generally common to use class meeting, social club activity time, class time of art and minor subjects to give students exams or intensified teaching of specific subjects. Nevertheless, it is still difficult for teachers to avoid taking measures of standing outside the classroom or keeping them in Office of Student Affairs which might violate students’ rights to education while correcting students.
7. As far as the junior high school teachers’ practice of students’ rights on campus is concerned, there is no obvious difference between the variables of “school location”, “seniority of the home room teacher”, “educational background” and “professional educational background.” Besides, the practice of Rights to Privacy and Rights to Equality would not be affected by the background variable of this research.
8. Rights to Health:
(1)The performance of schools with a scale of 25 to 36 classes is better than the school with a scale of more than 37 classes and 13 to 24 classes.
(2) The performance of teachers aged between 20 to 29 is better than the teachers aged between 50 to 59 ,while the performance of teachers aged between 40 to 49 and 50 to 59 is better than teacher aged between 30 to 39.
9. Rights to Freedom:
(1) The performance of private school teachers is better than public schools.
(2) The performance of the school with a scale of 13-24 classes is better than the school with a scale of 25 to 36 classes.
(3) Teacher who has more than 21 years’ teaching seniority performs better than those who has less than five years’ seniority, or those who has between 6 to 10 or 11 to15 years’ seniority. In addition, except the group of 6 to 10 years’ teaching seniority teachers, the practice performance of students’ rights to freedom has an inverse proportion to the teaching seniority.
(4) The performance of practice of teachers whose teaching subjects are Language (English) and Nature Science and Life Technology is inferior to teachers who teach Integrated Activity.
(5) The performance of practice of teachers aged between 20 to 29 and 30 to 39 is better than teachers between 50 to 59.
10. Rights to Free Expression:
(1) The practice performance of the private school teachers is better than public school teachers.
(2) The practice performance of female teachers is better than male teachers.
11. Rights to Education:
The performance of the teachers teaching “Langauge (Chinese)” ,”Language
(English)”, “Math”, ”Natural Science and Life Technology” and “Society” is inferior to teachers teaching “Health Education.”
12. Teachers whose “Rights to freedom” and “Rights to privacy” have been violated will avoid trespassing students’ same rights in their future teaching activity, which is also the principle of “Don't do unto others what you don't want others do unto you.”
Keywords:Human Rights , Children’s Human Rights, Students’ Human Rights
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