在資訊科技爆炸的時代，所有的資料都要求能數位化，以便利用資訊科技對數位資料進行分析、整理與應用。對於都市規劃而言，建立數位城市模型即成為目前的重要課題之一。 建立數位城市模型中間最困難的步驟之一，在於處理並數位化古老的紙本地籍資料與建築物平面圖或手繪建築物之地圖，然後進行資訊整合，以建立基本的城市三度空間模型，進而利用更精準的測量技術，來建立精確的數位城市模型。然而要以人工處理並將上述資料數位化來製作基本的三度空間模型，秏時費工且成本太高。有鑑於此，本篇論文提出一套自動化的處理方法，針對附有樓層高度的紙本建築地圖或手繪地圖進行自動化處理，從而建立基本的三度空間模型，作為建立數位城市模型的初步處理。 我們先利用文字辨識的技術對建築物進行分析、擷取並判斷地圖中屬於建築物高度的文字資料。其次利用不同的演算法，對地圖進行細化及骨架粹取，並找出地圖上組成建築物的關鍵節點，然後對節點分群，以區分並判斷不同的建築物，進而建立地圖上各個建築物的平面模型圖。最後將每棟建築物的高度資料及其相對應的平面模型圖加以整合，自動產生該地圖的三度空間模型。 我們隨機選取一張台北地區之建築平面圖以及學校平面圖來檢驗我們提出的方法，測試的結果顯示，我們的方法都能成功的將這些平面圖，自動建立出原圖基本的三度空間模型，可以作為未來建立城市數位模型之參考。 / In the era of information explosion, digital archiving every piece of information becomes a must in order to organize, process, and analyze this information and make further use of the information. Hence, constructing a cyber city model is one of the major issues in urban planning. One of the most difficult steps in constructing a cyber city model is to process and digitize the ancient cadastral information as well as the architecture sketches or the hand drawing maps. By combining this information, we could construct an early stage three dimensional model for the city that would help us in constructing the final model for the cyber city. However, manually processing this information is not cost effectively and automatic processing them might reduce the construction cost dramatically. In this paper, we propose an automatic processing mechanism that could digitize the architecture sketches or the hand drawing maps automatically. Our mechanism will produce an early stage three dimensional model for the specified area that will eventually lead to the construction of a more accurate three dimensional model for the entire city. After the sketches or the maps were scanned, as bitmap images, into the computer, we start with analyzing the architecture sketches and extract the elevation information using traditional methods of character recognition. Then, we use various algorithms to thinning and to extract the skeleton of the image. The critical nodes of each building in the images were identified, isolated, and used to construct the base of each building in a planar diagram. Finally, the elevation information is used along with the planar diagram just constructed to generate an early stage three dimension model for the specified area. We randomly choose an architecture sketch of Taipei City and our campus map to verify our mechanism. The results show that our method could produce the corresponding three dimensional models successfully. These models could be used and help us to construct a more accurate three dimensional model for the entire city.

《無有鄉》(Neverwhere, 1997)原為BBC迷你影集，後經由作者尼爾‧蓋曼(Neil Gaiman)改寫成小說，書中主角理查‧馬修(Richard Mayhew)因拯救朵兒(Door)而被迫開始探索他前所未知、無從想像的倫敦空間，也就是倫敦下層(London Below)。此倫敦空間充滿暴力混亂，顛覆理查對原有倫敦的想像，也將他帶離熟悉的畛域，雖然倫敦下層的事物希奇古怪，卻又詭異的與倫敦上層互相指涉，也使理查此旅行充滿詭異怪誕(uncanny)。此論文意旨爬梳倫敦城市空間的複寫性和其造成的詭異、探討理查馬修漫遊者(flâneur)形象以及理查結尾做出的看似自由卻又充滿侷限逃逸線(line of flight)。 / In Neil Gaiman’s first novel Neverwhere, adapted from the original namesake BBC television serial, the protagonist Richard Mayhew is a forced traveler, exploring the territory of imaginary London Below, in which Richard fails to grasp the sense. The “London Below,” the buried and repressed past by the “London Above,” is full of chaos, violence. Observing the invisible cities of the multiple other which used to escape his unitary way of seeing, Richard’s vision of the familiar/homely city gets blurred, defiant. However, events in London Below always disturb but at the same time uncannily refer to those of the London Above, which makes his journey in London Below an uncanny one. This thesis is going to discuss palimpsestic London space and the role of Richard Mayhew as flâneur and Richard’s final decision as a line of flight.

本文探討的主要對象「德意志猶太人」，指的並非住在德國的猶太人，而是精神上認同德意志的猶太人，這些猶太人經歷生存的考驗，在他鄉生根之後，努力「同化自己」，使其融入德國社會並獲得認同。 研究的時代背景為十九世紀到威瑪共和時期的柏林。經過第一次世界大戰、政治的巨大變革，以及經濟與社會結構的改變，柏林呈現一個新舊交雜的景象。另一方面，「威瑪文化」被視為現代主義的典範，同時也是各種學術與藝術領域上的一個高峰，在多方面都表現出極具活力的面貌。除了美術、音樂、電影等領域的現代主義、表現主義作品，大都會的發展與大眾生活亦符合「現代」意義，而共和首都柏林即為威瑪文化的中心。 文章先鋪陳威瑪共和文化，接著陳述柏林城市的發展，其中包含猶太人遷居的經過。在經濟與社會地位逐漸獲得提升後，猶太人開始追求文化與精神上的卓越以及身份的認同。然而經過共和的失敗與種種累積已久的因素，「德意志猶太人」的自我認同終究不被承認，對其而言這是很大的矛盾與衝突。種族主義與繼之而起的納粹政權，更將猶太人驅逐消滅，包括他們建立的文化與成就。然而即使幻滅，在「德意志猶太人」生活與創造的歷史中，我們仍能看見他們如何為德意志社會帶來豐富的內涵與文化。

本論文共計一冊、七章、十九節，約十萬字。 第一章為導論，主要係闡釋本論文之研究方法、目的及資料來源之限制。第二章係探 討「中國特色社會主義」下經濟模式的轉化，分別就其涵義、中共改革派之意見以及 經濟模式的轉化進行分析。 第三章係探討城市經濟改革的直接背景，分別就農村經濟改革、對外開放及經濟特區 建立以至於「十二屆三中全會」之發展背景的描述。 第四章簡單敘述城市經濟改革的主要內容，包括擴大企業自主權、計劃管理體制改革 、商業流通體制改革三項。 第五章深入探討一九八五年五月以後的城市經濟體制改革主要內容：價格體制改革及 工資改革，此亦為本論文之核心。 第六章探討當前城市經濟體制改革的困擾，希望就政策路線之衝突、經濟環境及其癥 結問題作進一步的研析。 第七章為結論，本章根據前面各章之探討，對中共現階段城市改革之前途加以評估。

本文試圖研究元代的集慶路（即今之南京），尤以城市與經濟的發展為中心，主要探 討集慶路在元朝蒙古人的統治下之城市及經濟之發展面貌，藉此區域之研究以管窺元 代統治江南地區之經濟及城市發展情形。 本論文約七萬字，除前言外，計分五章十二節。前言敘述研究目的、研究範圍、研究 限制、主要材料以及各章概述。第一章「導論」：描述由東晉迄南宋之社會及經濟重 心之南移，以及集慶路在江南之地理位置及重要性。第二章「城市功能的變遷」：探 究集慶路由六朝迄元城市功能之變轉變，其由政治城市轉變為軍事城市以及運轉城市 之歷程及面貌。第三章「元代集慶路的經濟的特色」：主要分農業（包括水利）、手 工業、商業三方面，藉以了解其經濟發展以及特色。第四章「元代集慶路之城市結構 」：探討南京城之城市規劃、人口、市鎮分佈以及與腹地的關係。第五章「結論」： 由元末朱元璋選擇集慶路作為革命基地，綜論宋元以來集慶路皂的發展梗概。

在晚近的現代城市論述裡，城市常被認為是一抽象、陽剛且具有排外性質的空間；二十世紀初開始成形的概念城市(concept city)即是其例。概念城市將空間轉為清晰可讀，以便於居民生活及加速其政經發展；但相對地來說，這樣的空間也極其霸道。概念城市以其單義、同質的空間性質削弱了、甚至替代了城市裡既存的多元差異；這包含了城市原有的建築、文化及居民生活。 以二十世紀初的英國倫敦為例，當維吉尼亞˙吳爾芙著手撰寫《戴洛維夫人》時，倫敦地鐵(London Underground)已縱行於地底下數十年；地鐵改變了倫敦白天的城市地貌，也影響著外來客的行動、改變了倫敦居民的生活習慣與文化。倫敦地標大鵬鐘(Big Ben)則是另一例的城市指標。鑄造於十九世紀中葉的大鵬鐘，根據格林威治(Greenwich)時間準點報時，迄今已有百餘年；它的報時已成為倫敦人重要的時間指示，它的存在也日復一日地提醒著有關大英帝國過去輝煌的殖民偉業及其驕傲。在《戴洛維夫人》裡，吳爾芙將大鵬鐘的鐘聲與小說人物生命橫向交織；大鵬鐘常在小說人物生命中重要的時刻出現，又或者說，它的每一次報時同時也在小說人物的生命中印下不一樣的記憶。在二十世紀初的倫敦，地鐵已四通八達，而吳爾芙《戴洛維夫人》小說中的人物仍選擇以步行方式體驗城市；這體驗既帶有享受雙腳自由行動的意味，其無可預測的移動性也是對城市既定空間與人為客觀時間規劃的無聲抵抗。十九世紀法國詩人波特萊爾(Charles Baudelaire)在其詩作中，勾勒出了女性行人與男性漫遊者擦身而過下的微妙關係；其中，我們也約略可見現代巴黎城市的初貌。在一次大戰後出版的《戴洛維夫人》裡，書中的主要漫遊者換成了女性；主角克萊麗莎(Clarissa Dalloway)漫步於倫敦市街頭時，她的思緒時而被大鵬鐘的鐘聲所擾，但實際上她又那麼地喜愛它，只因它是大英帝國的驕傲，而身為英國居民的她多年來也深受其惠。相較之下，小說中其他的人物對大鵬鐘的鐘聲也有不同的迴響，但大多數既服從其律、也有抵抗。 因此，本論文第一章將回顧大鵬鐘及其所代表的帝國操控及時間單意化意涵，佐以傅柯(Michel Foucault)空間與權力的論述來強調城市空間權威化與概念化的過程作為中調，最後以近代法國批評家德瑟多(Michel de Certeau)提出的城市使用者的戰術性(tactics)抵抗作為整篇論文概念的啟蒙，來分析吳爾芙《戴洛維夫人》小說人物選擇步行城市的意義。論文第二章以城市漫遊者為主調，再探德瑟多提出的城市步行者的日常生活實踐(practice of everyday life)；德瑟多認為處於弱勢的普羅大眾有能力主動創造屬於自己的空間，而此一能動性(mobility)剛好用以規避、抵抗或者顛覆原有空間中所含附的權力論述。在此架構中，處於弱勢的總是大眾整體，所以德瑟多的城市步行者理論男女兼備。但當回溯十九世紀初成形的現代都市漫遊者(flâneur)時，在性別議題上卻爭議不斷，因為當時只有少數女性可以自由在街上行動而不會被視作招攬性生意者(streetwalkers)。因此在探討波特萊爾及班雅明對其詩作及的理解之外，女性主義者對男性漫遊者的觀看(gaze)及其性別(gender)批判也為此章節必要之回顧。而一次戰後的女權運動，也間接影響著吳爾芙小說中的女性角色及其自主意識的塑造。第二章最後以吳爾芙所寫的二篇文章作為結尾；吳爾芙的二文中皆揭露了女性漫遊者與男性漫遊者的不同，在她的文字中，我們已可以嗅到《戴洛維夫人》克萊麗莎行走倫敦的樂趣及限制所在。第三章及第四章則分別為《戴洛維夫人》小說的文本分析；第三章著重於大鵬鐘對人物角色塑造與其故事中日常生活行動的影響，且依據小說中鐘聲敲響的時間先後來鋪序。第四章則與城市空間相關，先提出小說人物為何選擇行走而不搭地鐵為開頭，再分析城市空間如何直接或間接塑造小說人物特質或心理。第五章則為本論文的終章；總結中先提出德瑟多對城市生活的切入觀點，其實是欲挖掘出城市使用者如何在此一愈趨綿密的城市架構下生存，及如何用他們的能動性走出與這城市性格相異的空間故事。吳爾芙的《戴洛維夫人》也許已為現代城市的步行樂趣及抵抗游擊做出最好的註解。 / This thesis starts with an exploration of the ambivalent role of Big Ben in relation to Clarissa Dalloway and some other characters in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway. The assumption and focus of the thesis is that they, when walking through London, both succumb to and resist in some ways the imperial symbol and all the others in complicity with it. The urban space that is an abstract, masculine, and exclusionary one which represents a manipulative gaze of city planners is one such example. With that discussion of Big Ben and the urban space that impact a lot upon London residents as a valuable basis, the thesis then proceeds to use Michel de Certeau’s theory on the mobility of city users and their interactions with the urban space as an enlightenment idea. With that, this thesis would be able to present a more positive and encouraging portrayal of the early twentieth century Londoner, particularly female, who has started lately to experience pleasure in urban life that provides both convenience in public transportation as the London Underground and places to shop and stay in as department stores. The main proposition is that women would be the most complicated site of urban pleasure and resistance that deserves detailed analysis in the cityscape of London.

現今的台灣單身女性主體正面臨一場震盪轉變，將她們問題化與歧視化的論述依然存在，不過隨著她們在人數和消費上展現的驚人實力，另一股為她們平反的嶄新論述儼然已經發酵。《慾望城市》在此時登台顯得格外特別，因為它彰顯的正是某種平反之聲，在台灣女性觀眾群中引發極大迴響。事實上，近來許多電視劇或電影都在呈現類似主題，大眾媒體不斷聲稱再現與代理這群女性的主體和感覺，卻看不到本地女性如何在自我經驗上發出聲音。本研究希望藉由她們對《慾望城市》以及對自我詮釋的相互對應下，描繪出這群獨特女性閱聽人的主體輪廓。 / Nowadays the subjectivity of Taiwanese single woman is in the change. Although the discrimination discourse that constrains woman still exists, a new discourse is developing due to the increasing number of single women and their astonishing consumption ability. The coincidence of Sex and the City being on TV in Taiwan at this time is quite extraordinary because the drama itself reveals the new discourse popular among Taiwanese woman audience. In fact, recently many TV dramas or movies around the world all focus on this subject. Mass media constantly claims that it shows and represents the subjectivity and feeling of this group of women, but the point is what Taiwanese women think based on their own experiences is unknown. Thus, this thesis tries to portray these women’s subjectivity by examining how their interpretation of Sex and the City correlates with the way they view themselves.

隨著社群網站的大量崛起，人們在網路上的行為從早期的單方面獲得資訊，慢慢轉變到與他人的網頁互動，以至於到最近的發展成社群（Community）關係。網路使用者對虛擬社群的好奇，導致了相關社群網站的蓬勃發展。近年來對於社群網路的研究日漸興盛，各個研究領域都分別以其擅長的角度嘗試切入，想了解為何社群網路如此快速的崛起、社群網路形成的各種架構或是社群網路上的大量資料呈現的資訊以及其分析等等。 社群網站滿足了人們期待與其他人產生互動、情感維繫以及得到更多資訊的需要，提供了一個虛擬空間，讓關心相同主題的使用者群聚在一起並且分享資訊。無論是想與他人互動，或是情感維繫以及渴望得到資訊，這些動機皆與人的情感表現息息相關，本研究即是採用情感的角度，來觀察社群中的特定行動者與其網路。 有關世界城市網路的研究目前並不多見，本研究嘗試以城市為社會網路中的行動者角色，研究一個由網路相片分享構築成的特殊社群網站Flickr。利用相片可忠實呈現拍攝者與被拍攝者情感的特性，以「城市」與「情感」兩大基礎來觀察此社群，嘗試構築出一個有關世界城市情感面向的網路關係。根據本研究目的，我們將建立「城市－情感共現網路」，來發掘世界主要城市之間隱含的連結與關係，或是其隱藏的情感表現。 / Along with considerable growth of social network websites, people’s actions on internet changed slowly from acquiring information to exchanging information and interacting with other people via web pages, and eventually this change has created a so-called “community relationship” on line. This blossom of relevant social network websites resulted from internet users’ curiosity about the invented virtual community. Numerous researchers in each relevant field have donated themselves into analysis and researches aiming to understand the reasons why all kinds of community websites have been created so quickly, how these communities have been structured, how the information and data underlying these websites have been presented and analyzed. The goal of this paper is to dig out links and relations between big cities worldwide and human emotions in these cities via community websites. We tried to analyze a unique community website “Flickr” that functions on the base of uploading pictures only. We categorized the pictures on Flickr on two pillar axes, “Region” and “Emotion”, as the emotions of photo shooters and personages have been detailed and recorded by these pictures. By the above categories, We drew a map of emotions in cities that will reveal a 2-mode network of emotions and cities.

近年來電腦科學的進步只能以一日千里來形容，不管在軟體或是硬體方面都有驚人的發展，軟體方面有網際網路Web 2.0技術的興盛及普及，使得人們在分享及交流資訊更加快速且便利，硬體方面則有數位相機和有照相功能智慧型手機的發明，造就了分享資訊很快的從文字模式演變成影音、相片等多媒體模式。Flickr社群網站為目前網路世界裡最重要的相片分享平台，每個人都可以將生活中擁有喜、怒、哀、樂情緒的相片上傳至該網站上與他人分享，而且此網站平台也提供下標籤功能，讓上傳者可以更正確的傳達要分享的情感。如當相片被加註上快樂的標籤，也就代表上傳者對這張相片當時的環境情緒反應為愉快、或甚至於興奮，相反地；當相片被加註上生氣的標籤，就表示該相片給上傳者的情緒反應是不愉快的、或甚至於憤怒。當同一區域(如城市)透過大量情感標籤的累積，自然而然就會呈現出該區域的情感輪廓。 　　情緒議題的研究近年來在各知識領域中已被廣泛的討論著，但針對區域性的情緒表現之研究探討似乎還不多。本研究藉由Flickr社群網站的全球性特質，結合Derudder and Taylor兩位學者於2005年提出的「The cliquishness of world cities」研究報告，定義出41個商務活動頻繁城市作為本研究的研究範圍，並應用Flickr社群網站上強大又完整的API介面功能，撰寫Client端程式擷取這些城市在Flickr網站上有加註情緒標籤的相片數共761,854張、其相關的標籤數有21,569,593個，再經由本研究提出的研究方法及步驟，逐一處理這些各城市相片上傳者所加註的大量標籤，就可以找出每個城市各情感象限數量最多的前30個標籤當作顯著標籤。 　　最後本研究綜合分析從Flickr網站上取得的大量城市、相片、及顯著標籤相關資料，分別計算出每個城市正負向情感象限的強度百分比，再以正向情感象限強度百分比為基準，定義出這些商務活動頻繁城市的「快樂指數」數值；並利用社會網絡分析軟體NodeXL來觀察各城市、情感性標籤與顯著標籤所呈現的網絡關係。 / In recent years, the computer science progress is extremely fast, whether in software or hardware has an alarming growth. The software aspect has the Internet Web 2.0 technology prosperity and popular, causes the people in share and exchange information are faster and convenient. The hardware aspect has the digital cameras and the smartphones invention, causes the share information from the writing pattern to the multimedia patterns very quickly. The Flickr social website is the most important of shared photograph in the network world for currently,everyone can shared the joy, anger, sadness, happy mood photograph by uploading to this website. This website platform also provides the tagging function, lets the uploader can more correct transmission their emotion. When the identical region (such as a city) through a large number of emotional labels cumulatively, naturally will be showing the emotional contours of the region. Emotional issues have been widespread discussion in various area of knowledge in recent years, but research the performance of emotion for region seems not much. This research because of Flickr social website global special characteristic, combined Derudder and Taylor two scholars to propose "The cliquishness of world cities" research reports in 2005, Defines 41 economics and trade activity frequent city to take this research the study scope. Finally, this research made a comprehensive analysis by a large number of cities, photos, and significant label information from the Flickr website, and calculates the percentage of each city to the strength of positive and negative emotions quadrant.Then the percentage of positive emotional intensity as a benchmark quadrant, Defines these economics and trade activity frequent city's "happiness index".

在西班牙開設Luna Y Comida民宿的商業計畫書 / Luna Y Comida is a start-up bed and breakfast business that will open near the old town of Valencia Spain, in the Barrio Del Carmen. It will be a mid-range establishment with 6 rooms that will mainly target customers from the UK, France, Belgium and China, with some occasional Spanish vacationers. The owners will live on the premises and will be able to serve the clients with excellent customer service in their own language (French, English, Spanish and Chinese). This personalized customer service will be at the earth of our success. We aim at providing to our customers a “home” away from home and help reduce the stress usually accompanied with travelling abroad. Internet and social media will play a big role in the marketing strategy, as it is the most efficient and direct way to reach our possible guests. A variety of traditional and on-line promotions will be used to advertise competitively our B&B. These will help make Luna Y Comida profitable by the end of the first year of operation. However, the profits will be modest for this first year, but they are expected to grow during the second and third year of operation.