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拉崗主體理論及其教育意涵之研究蔣興儀 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究探究拉崗的無意識主體理論,並根據拉崗所進行的心理分析實踐,闡述其中的教育意涵。拉崗以「回歸弗洛伊德」為取向,針對自我心理學之「自我」概念提出批評,他在「鏡子階段」論述中指出:自我之形塑乃是以想像的疏離同一性之運作方式,構成了自我與擬似者之間的錯識結構。當想像域關聯於倫理學時,拉崗將超我的概念轉化為一種客觀的裝置,即極權式的執鞭者能夠以自身之工具化作為藉口,迫使受害者在痛苦和羞辱中達到其自身之主體化的目標。為了分解想像性自我的鈕結,拉崗以象徵的功能提出了無意識主體的理論。他透過對索緒爾之語言學的轉借,使得文字不再具有符號的指義功能,而是進行著記號的指延純粹運作性。主體因而不再是意義的主人而被文字化為符指,在轉代詞「我」所呈現的陳述主詞與宣告主體的分離與分裂當中,主體乃是具有大它者之激進異質性的無意識主體。據此,在教育意涵中,拉崗以大它者之功能所進行的至高實踐,不但修正了鏡像之無限性的非本真實踐,並且鑽透了鏡映之哲學循環的本真實踐,而使得教育學之論述維繫於分析師的「存在之匱乏」此一政策。 / Based on Lacanian psychoanalytical practice, this research discusses his theory of subject of the unconscious and tries to elaborate latter’s implication of education. Along the path of “Return to Freud”, Lacan criticizes the concept of Ego that is the theoretical core of ego psychology. He traces the genesis of ego back at the mirror-stage and describes the imaginary structure of ego as following: narcissitic formation of the ego is the result of misrecognition between ego and the semblable. When combining the Imaginary with Ethics, Lacan retranslates Freudian concept of superego as the objectivized equipment, and analyzes fully the totalitarian effect of this objectivization that refuses its subjectivization. Totalitarian subject is the pure instrument in his instrumentalization, and forces the pain and humiliation onto the victim to help him to accomplish his subjectivization. In order to untie the knot of the Imaginary, Lacan locates the theory of subject of unconscious in the Symbolic. Borrowing Saussure’s structural linguistics, Lacan paralizes the signifying function that is constitutive of totality of Sign, and emphasizes the pure operativity of the signifier with a hole. Between subject of statement and subject of enunciation, shifter “I” introduces the division in the subject. In what gapes, subject is the radical heterogeneity of unconscious subject. Centered on this function of Other, Lacan not only rescues analysis from its inauthentic practice, he also maintains training discourse in his policy of “lack of being”. The latter founds the supreme practice that brings the full educational implication.
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付款機制、使用利益變化對於服務使用行為影響之探討—考慮產品利益類別曹惠棠, Tsao, Huitang Unknown Date (has links)
根據心理會計理論指出,消費者心理認知的機制如同企業紀錄交易一般,在交易過程中會紀錄產生的認知成本與使用利益,因此認知成本與使用利益為影響使用行為的兩大因素。就使用的成本而言,在消費者不願意浪費的心態下,沈沒成本自然成為消費者使用產品或服務時考慮的重要因素之一。然而,受限於本身處理資訊的能力,消費者常容易錯估了成本,使得沈沒成本的效果不如預期。例如,在不同定價方式或付款機制設計之下都容易使消費者對於沈入成本錯估,以及產品利益種類的不同也可能影響到沈沒成本的計算。此外,使用利益也會直接影響到消費者使用行為的重要因素,而使用利益的變化,例如網路外部性對於消費者使用行為的變化更有顯著的影響。本研究的重點在於,在付款機制與使用利益兩者考量之下,消費者是如何進行使用行為之決策。本研究有以下的發現:
沈沒成本與使用利益變化為影響服務使用意願的主要因素。但付款次
數對於服務使用意願並沒有顯著的影響,可能的原因是受到產品利益、使用利益變化等干擾。其次,服務利益種類對於付款次數的影響有所干擾:只有消費者在使用歡樂性利益服務時,付款次數、認知成本與使用利益才對於使用意願有顯著的影響。這是因為消費者在追求不同的產品利益時有不同的心理處理機制。最後,消費者的記憶效果也會影響到付款次數的影響力,相較於使用利益不變下,在網路外部性的情況下,付款次數對於使用意願的效果較沒有顯著的影響。這可能是因為消費者對於發生時間較久遠的事件因淡忘而降低了其影響力,而付款次數的效果也就容易被消費者忽略。因此,根據以上幾點結論建議實務上廠商服務管理的重點,服務業的廠商透過付款機制之設計可調節產能波動的現象,減少因擁擠帶來服務品質的低落;其次,良好的服務水準管理才能維持長期的顧客關係;同時,廠商因視不同服務利益種類,管理的重點也應有所區分,提升顧客滿意度。
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台灣期貨交易所選擇權投資人的交易行為 / The Trading Behavior of Options Investors at Taiwan Futures Exchange王銘駿, Wang, Ming Chun Unknown Date (has links)
在第一篇文章當中,我們論證了台灣選擇權市場的投資人交易行為符合Kahneman and Tversky (1981) 所提出來的框架效應. 更進一步, 我們發現投資人的專業程度, 交易複雜性, 與交易經驗能降低框架效應的行為偏誤.
在第二篇文章當中, 我們發現台灣選擇權市場投資人並無符合Thaler (1985) 所提出來的心理帳戶效應來編輯利得與損失. 但是對於混合利得與損失當中, 投資人仍有心理帳戶的現象來處理他們的選擇權部位. / In the first essay, we document support for the narrow framing effect proposed by Kahneman and Tversky (1981). Our findings that traders in an options market frame complicated investment decisions into the simpler ones support the narrow framing effect. Traders’ professionalism, sophistication and trading experience are negatively related with the degree of narrow framing, implying that these factors help to reduce investors’ behavioral bias. Our study bridges the gap between the psychological literature and financial literature in terms of the relationship between experience/sophistication and narrow framing. The results of this paper shed light on the decision-making process in an options market.
In the second essay, complementary to Lim (2006)’s findings in regards to stocks market, we also claim that in a much more complex derivatives market, traders tend to frame gains and losses asymmetrically by editing or evaluating their outcomes into different accounts. Nevertheless, different from Thaler’s mental accounting theory (1985), we find investors are more susceptible to segregating losses and integrating gains when they liquidate their positions. Our empirical evidence shows that they also have asymmetry in the propensity to liquidate multiple options. The current study sheds a light on how investors perceive, categorize, evaluate and engage their outcomes in financial activities, in addition, under what circumstances investor integrate or separate their investment profits. The fact that investors’ responses to edit their outcomes vary across countries and securities markets highlights the complexity of human behavior and calls for further studies on a broader range of financial markets.
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原住民經濟變遷與觀光資源的自主治理-以新光、鎮西堡民宿事業發展為例 / The Transformation of Economy and Self-governing on Tourism Resources of Aboriginal Society - A Case Study on the Development of B&B Business in Smangus and Cinsbu Tribe蕭喻文, Hsiao, Yu Wen Unknown Date (has links)
新光與鎮西堡部落早期以山田燒墾、狩獵漁獲為主要生產模式,資本主義經濟生產觀念和資源使用方式的形成,主要來自於政府政策影響下,部落居民先後投入經濟作物栽種與觀光旅遊的發展,然而,在生產活動變遷過程中,新光與鎮西堡部落居民內部的團結現象仍然顯著,人際與部落認同的傳統紐帶也依然明顯,並以泰雅傳統gaga中的共享觀念,建立部落共用資源自主治理的共同經營規則,規劃出一套觀光與民宿事業的自主治理模式,而這樣的文化模式隱含著以民族認同,維持集體行動與歸屬感的生存策略。
因此,本文以文獻分析法與田野調查之深度訪談、焦點團體訪談為主要研究方法,透過制度經濟學者E. Ostrom所提出之制度個人選擇與集體選擇變量分析架構,探討部落居民以傳統觀念作為凝聚共識,對於觀光與民宿事業自主治理制度的選擇與規則制定;並以「共用資源治理永續性之制度設計原則」,對於兩部落自主治理組織制度設計與運作的強健性,加以觀察檢視。以及,藉由兩部落自主治理組織的制度設計、功能、性質與各組織間的關係,分析新光與鎮西堡部落共用資源自主治理策略,和實際運作的情形。並透過中心∕邊陲觀觀察兩部落傳統社會經濟體系,與生產型態發展、變遷的歷史脈絡,和觀光與民宿事業對於部落社區文化延續的調適與衝擊。最後,綜合分析兩部落自主治理機制建立與持續運作的因素,以及所面臨的困境。 / Compare with the primitive production mode in Smangus and Cinsbu tribe focus on slash-and-burn, hunting and fishing, the capitalistic production mode and resource utilization mode is influenced by the governmental policy. Under the policy, the tribe residents start to cultivate the beneficial crop and to develop the tourist business successively. However, the residents of Smangus and Cinsbu Tribe still express the interior cohesiveness conspicuously in the process of transforming on production activity, and still behave the highly connection on traditional relationship and tribe identity. The tribe residents follow the traditional communion idea “gaga” in Atayal to build mutual operation rules on self-governing of the tribe common-pool resources, and to map out a self-governing mode on tourist and B&B business. And this kind of cultural patterns implies the subsistence strategy of maintaining collective action and a sense of belonging, which is under the ethnic identity.
Therefore, the documentary analysis and the field study which is included in-depth interviews and focus group interviews is adopted as the main research approaches in this study. Otherwise, this study is based on the analysis of variance of individual and collective choice, which is broached by E. Ostrom, an institutional economist, to discuss how the tribe residents make rules and choose the self-governing system on the B&B business according to the common consensus of traditional idea, and to survey the reliability of design and operation of the self-governing organizations in Smangus and Cinsbu tribe according to the “Design Principles Illustrated by Long-enduring CPR Institutions”. In terms of review the design principle, function, and character of self-governing organizations and the relationship of those organizations in Smangus and Cinsbu tribe to analyze the self-governing strategy of common-pool resources and the actual situations. Moreover, through the core-periphery concept, this study also observes the economy system of traditional society, the development of production mode and the change of historical sequence, and the impact and of B&B business on the continuation of tribal culture and how the tribe residents get with it. At the end, this study analyzes the factors and difficulties, which influence the build-up of and operation of the self-governing in Smangus and Cinsbu tribe.
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官民共治之行政法人 / A Perspective on Administrative Corporation: Corporate governance between public and private陳小蘭 Unknown Date (has links)
二次世界大戰後,隨著工業化和現代化的發展,帶動全球「新經濟」市場之發展,建構出「新民主」之理念,弱化傳統國家之主權觀念,也對行政權運作產生實質而具體之衝擊。行政法人化則是行政組織變革之新興議題。本研究包含六章節:
第一章說明研究動機、目的、研究方法與架構以及重要文獻回顧。
第二章釐析各國政府改造之基礎理念-新公共管理論,並概述思潮所及,美英德日及我國依循著效率精神組織變革各有風貌,包括組織結構、營運效能、監督機制等各面向。
第三章從傳統公法人之理論作出發,以比較法觀點探討先進國家公法人及類似組織體之機制。德法規劃公法人,英國建構Agency與NDPB提升效率,取代傳統政府功能;日本創立獨立行政法人強化效能,以及其他類似組織體如美國政府法人。
第四章闡明我國行政法人制度建置理念,並敘明我國行政法人法草案之開展。
第五章運用案例分析介紹國立中正文化中心、科學工業園區及國家教育研究院之行政法人化,並以美國公立學校董事會與日本國立大學法人制度為背景,說明我國國立大學法人化之歷程,以及比較分析政大、成大之法人化構思。
第六章綜合前揭剖析,筆者最後提出結論及建議。 / Following the realization and Through the industrialization and modernization of the post World War II era, the global economic market was led into a “new economy” epoch. This development not only established the new concept of the democracy, but also weakened the traditional acknowledge of the national sovereignty. Furthermore, this phenomenon also affect substantially on the existing administrative powers and operation. Administrative Incorporation, herein, become a new current and issue for the reform of administrative organization.
This research consists of six chapters:
Chapter One demonstrates the motivation, objectives, approaches, the literature review, and the outlined structure of this study.
Chapter Two aims at analyzing the basis perspective of government reform-the New Public Management (NPM) theorem. Here will also describe how the United States, the United Kingdom, German, Japan and Republic of China (Taiwan), under the flows of the NPM, undertake their administration reformation for more efficiency in different scenario. The issues involve with organization structure, operation efficiency, and the performance evaluation etc.
Chapter Three starts from the research of the traditional public incorporation theory. It provides a comparative approach on the public incorporation system and other quasi organizations in developed countries. Secondary, here will quote some examples to illustrate the theory. For instance, how the German and France designed their public cooperation as a correspondence intermediary to deal with the getting complicated public affairs. How the U.K set up Agency and Non-departmental Public Body (NDPB) to improve the efficiency and to take over the traditional government enforcement function. And, then, discuss how Japan enhances administrative efficiency through the establishment of the Independent Administrative Cooperation systems. Here will also give some other Government Bodies as illustrations such as the Government Cooperation of the U.S.A.
Chapter Four explains the basic concept on the establishment of the administrative incorporation in R.O.C., and offers a proposal on the draft Bill of the Administrative Incorporation.
Chapter Five chiefly takes cases study. Here will focuses on the introduction of administrative incorporations of the national Chiang Kai-Shek Culture Center, Science Park Administration, and the National Education Yuan. Furthermore, base on the implementation of the board of public schools in U.S. and the national universities in Japan, this study will delineates the history processes of Taiwan national universities on about how are they incorporated. Then will analyze and compare the corporation ideas between National Cheng Chi University and National Cheng Kung University .
In the Chapter Six, based on the research results and the analysis mentioned above, it will conclude the research, and will offer recommendations on the relevant issues.
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探索通往心靈的消費--SPA陳妍君 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來市場上出現一個宣稱可以平撫情緒、舒緩壓力、以身心靈合一作為主要訴求的新商品-Spa。花草茶、植物精油、心靈音樂、仿自然視野、按摩則是幫助達成這個訴求的主要配方。在過去的認知中,我們以為消費只是滿足所需,後來我們知道「消費」,其實擁有更多認同或是符號意義的價值於其中,但當心靈也淪為一種商品形式或訴求時,這在整個消費歷史的脈絡中又意味著什麼。
本研究因缺乏文獻參考,而成為一初探性的研究,援引質性研究裡的行動理論作為研究依循的方向。從瞭解Spa整體消費現象出發,試圖把梳出攀附於Spa商品背後的深層意義,據以重新檢視或反省我們現存的生活環境。於探索結束後,根據研究結果與心得重新建構本文呈現方式。
論文主要由兩種觀看Spa的方式構成。【卷一】是運用行銷學與傳播理論的知識分析Spa。這個部分像是Spa的剖面圖,透過與Spa消費相關之二手及一手資料的收集,建構出對Spa消費一整體性的認識。包含:Spa背景介紹、Spa字義初探、描述Spa市場、分析Spa銷售方式以及Spa經驗的陳述等。【卷二】主要乃是奠基於卷一的研究結果出發,採取較為社會與文化面向的觀點探索Spa。試圖將Spa置於消費歷史的脈絡中,藉以分辨出Spa不同於過往的特殊性-一種訴求於內在心靈的商品。並接續從文獻中尋找出內在心靈訴求產品興起的源由,以及其所透露出關於消費者或整體社會轉變的訊息。其後尚補充台灣在地消費文化與此外來商品碰撞後所呈現出的另一種Spa形象。
探索結尾,則陳述研究者對此新興消費的感想,包含對於Spa的批判觀點但也併陳樂觀面的敘述,最後根據研究心得撰寫對於未來的想像,並補充研究建議提供後續研究者參考作為本探索研究的結束。
關鍵字:Spa‧消費‧心靈‧消贅文化‧社會變遷‧行動研究
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銀行業海外擴張決定因素之研究 / The Determinants of Foreign Banking Expansions周秀霞 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文的研究目的在探討影響多國籍銀行(Multinational Bank)進行海外擴張的決定因素。本文採用多國籍銀行在當地設立經營據點的直接投資(Foreign Direct Investment, FDI)方式為代理變數,且有別於之前的跨國研究,同時考量到地主國直接投資的銀行家數與設立的分支機構數。
本文共有三個研究子題,第一個子題以台灣為樣本,分析多國籍銀行進行海外擴張,與在當地同國籍的顧客間的關係。實證結果顯示,當以實體分支機構的擴張為外國銀行擴張的代理變數時,完全支持追隨顧客理論,但以財務擴張為外國銀行擴張的代理變數時,幾近完全支持追隨顧客理論。
第二個子題分析台北、香港和上海(兩岸三地)對外國銀行的吸引力,探討影響外國銀行選擇三個城市進行海外擴張的因素。在國家總體銀行家數的實證結果中顯示,母國GDP愈高、母國與地主國的地理距離愈近、母國與地主國的雙邊貿易愈多以及群聚效果,與在地主國投資的多國籍銀行家數呈現正向關係。至於銀行選擇在這三個城市投資後,會設立多少個分支機構,主要受兩個因素影響,當銀行總資產愈多,以及母國與地主國的文化距離愈近,銀行設立的分支機構愈多。
第三個子題分析多國籍銀行選擇亞洲十個主要城市進行海外擴張的決定因素。實證結果顯示,影響多國籍銀行在亞洲城市直接投資的因素可區分為三方面,首先是母國因素,當母國經濟規模愈大或大銀行家數愈多,在地主城市設立營運據點的銀行較多,設立的分支機構亦較多。其次是母國與地主國間的整合程度,當兩國間的雙邊貿易額增加以及兩國距離較近,在地主城市設立營運據點的銀行家數較少,分支機構也較少。最後是地主國因素,當地主國的經濟環境愈自由、地主國的法規品質愈高或地主國本身為國際金融中心,也會吸引較多的外國銀行,並設立較多分支機構。
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由眼動資料探討中文成語詞及組合詞在心理辭典中的表徵方式李培榮, Lee, Pei Jung Unknown Date (has links)
本研究是探討中文雙字詞的語意透明度是否影響詞彙在心理辭典中的表徵方式。實驗一、二操弄詞彙的語意透明度、字頻及詞頻,以詞彙判斷作業進行。結果發現顯著的語意透明度效果,語意不透明的詞(成語詞)之反應時間和錯誤率均較語意透明的詞(組合詞)少;詞頻效果也達顯著,高頻詞的反應時間和錯誤率均較低頻詞少。而字頻與語意透明度間有交互作用存在,組合詞有顯著的字頻效果,成語詞則不受字頻影響。實驗三、四則利用眼動追蹤技術,探討不同語意透明度、字頻、詞頻的詞彙在語句中的閱讀處理歷程。結果發現,在有關凝視時間的指標上,均出現顯著的語意透明度效果和詞頻效果。成語詞的字頻效果除了出現於第一次凝視時間指標外,在其餘指標上均無字頻效果。組合詞的字頻效果則出現於第一次凝視時間及總凝視時間上,而第一次經過的其餘眼動指標也有存在字頻效果的趨勢。本篇研究以Taft annd Zhu(1995)的多層次交互激發表徵模式為架構,提出一中文成語詞與組合詞的詞彙表徵模型。此模式顯示組合詞在詞素層次具有詞素表徵,在詞彙層次具有全詞表徵。而成語詞在詞素層次無對應的詞素表徵,是以全詞方式表徵於詞彙層次中。
關鍵字:眼動、語意透明度、心理辭典 / The present study aims to investigate the semantic transparency of Chinese di-syllabic words whether influences the representation in mental lexicon. Two sets of experimental tasks were adopted. In the first set (experiment 1 and 2), the target words were varied in terms of semantic transparency, character frequency and word frequency. Subjects were asked to deicide whether the target word presented is a word or not. A two-way ANOVA indicated main effects for semantic transparency that idiomatic words were responded faster than compositional words, for word frequency that high frequency words were responded faster than low frequency words. There were also significant interactions between character frequency and semantic transparency. In the compositional condition, the results clearly showed a significant character frequency effect, but in the idiomatic condition, the results showed no character frequency effect. In the second set (experiment 3 and 4), eye movements of subjects were monitored as they read sentences containing target words that varied on terms of semantic transparency, character frequency and word frequency. There were significant semantic transparency effect and word frequency effect in the fixation duration measures. Except the first fixation duration, there was no character frequency effect with idiomatic words in other measures. The results showed a significant character frequency effect with compositional words in the first fixation duration (FFD) and total viewing duration(TVD), and showed a marginal significant character frequency effect in other first pass measures. The present study proposed a model of mental lexicon based on the Interactive-activation Model (Taft & Zhu, 1995). In our model, the compositional words have morpheme and whole word representation, and the idiomatic words are processed as single units, have whole word representation but no morpheme representation.
Key words:eye movement、semantic transparency、mental lexicon
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身心障礙者工作條件及工作適應問題之研究:以臺北市身心障礙者庇護工場為例鄧慧鈴 Unknown Date (has links)
以前的身心障礙者可能都被關在家裡,常遭家庭放棄、社會排擠,因而較無與人際互動,也較沒社交生活,我們看不到他們,但隨著時代進步,去麵包店買麵包的時候,看到智障的喜憨兒,去加油站加油看到顏障的加油員,在電視上看到視障歌手,聽廣播聽到肢障的播音員,去便利商店有您辨識不出來的精障收銀員等,當身心障礙者在臺北市政府「ENJOY 臺北餐廳」端出香醇濃郁咖啡,捷運古亭站為每一位匆忙上班族做出每一份健康美味的早餐,在陽光汽車美容中心將充滿污垢的車子變成金光閃閃的豪華房車,從他們眼裡看到了希望,覺得自己是個有用的人。首善之區的臺北市,各項促進身心障礙者就業服務機制迅速發展中,政府積極投注心力讓身心障礙者站出來,求得一技之長,自給自足,謀得工作,他們就在您的身邊工作了。
身心障礙者的因身心的限制,常造成產能不足,因此工作條件常不及一般人,在環境及人際社交上常出現不適應之情況,在就業上可能有不同層度、不同態樣的工作適應上的問題,本篇論文的目的在於:
一、瞭解臺北市身心障礙者庇護工場之身心障礙者工作條件狀況。
二、瞭解影響臺北市身心障礙者庇護工場之身心障礙者工作適應之相關因素及情況。
三、根據研究結論,提供政府擬定身心障礙者就業促進政策之參考。
本研究發現下列結論:
一、身心障礙者障礙類別影響工作適應期間,且工作條件與工作適應有關。
二、庇護工場身心障礙員工勞工權益已與競爭性市場的勞工相同,但薪資過低仍屬於低度就業。
三、身心障礙者工作適應狀況較一般人慢,但在設計規劃過的庇護工場較能得到支持及協助與顧客信賴,但也不利於面對競爭性勞動市場。
四、地方主管機關的督導措施較彊固。
五、產能較不佳的庇護性就業學員或實習生,工資仍不受保障。
六、臺北市身心障礙者就業基金每年支出龐大就業促進費用,每年呈現赤字,政策亦因人事調動而變動。
七、社會福利團體為非營利組織,大多以公益角度來經營有營收行為的庇護工場,要自負盈虧,非其專長是個挑戰。
八、受託機構漸漸有「福利產業化」之概念。
本研究建議:
一、對受託機構的建議:
(一)組織合併、合作聯盟、分享資源。
(二)加強及鼓勵庇護工場內身心障礙者及就業服務員進修及訓練。
二、對身心障礙者家長建議:在保護下的庇護工場工作的身心障礙者,能否面對競爭性勞動市場,應聽從職業輔導評量的建議,不要勉強子女一定要進入或長久在庇護工場工作。
三、對政府的建議:
(一)租稅減免政策、增加社會公益形象,鼓勵事業單位進用庇護工場身心障礙者,使中繼型庇護工場身心障礙者,能順利進入競爭性就業市場。
(二)庇護工場委託及租賃契約及績效評量指標應有彈性合理及合理性。
(三)建立身心障礙者就業服務員證照制度,培訓各項專業技能,增加決策及專業服務能力。
(四)建議由政府成立職業評量中心,使職評結果更有公信力。
(五)庇護性就業之身心障礙者,依其產能核薪,應訂定「產能核薪」之標準。
(六)建議訂定庇護工場委託或租賃契約時,能規範最低工時。
(七)正視身心障礙者就業基金專戶逐年短收之積存數額,應開源節流、尋求其他基金支援、企業捐獻等資源整合,持續為身心障礙者提供最好服務。
四、綜合建議:結合企業尋求經營上協助,朝向社會企業形式發展。
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中國大陸個人電腦產業之政治經濟分析李偉嘉 Unknown Date (has links)
本文比較中國個人電腦產業裡,桌上型電腦與筆記型電腦產業的發展途徑。
採取的研究架構是國家中心研究途徑與科技體制觀點的結合,認為中國個人電腦
產業的發展,受到國家介入經濟活動的影響,同時桌上型電腦產業與筆記型電腦
產業的發展成果存在差異,是受到產業技術特性與全球產業環境的影響。
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