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台灣企業網絡-由交易成本經濟學的觀點出發 / The Interorganizational Networks in Taiwan: From the Viewpoint of Transactional Cost Economy簡岳佐, Chien, Yueh Tso Unknown Date (has links)
本研究嘗試從企業界中實際的現象切入,觀察並探討近年來相當熱門的研究課題─企業網絡。主要研究問題有:
1.是否存在不同類型的企業網絡?若存在,則不同的企業網絡應有何不同的競爭策略?
2.是否能為學術上企業網絡問題的研究,尋求一個簡單易用的架構?
3.身處企業網絡中的廠商,應如何制訂競爭策略?
4.對於台灣以企業網絡為主的競爭方式,政府在制訂政策時,應該有哪些特別考量?
選取作為研究對象的產業為台灣自行車產業、工具機產業,而主要研究結論如下:
1.企業網絡型態可依資產特殊性程度的不同,區分為資產特殊性程度較低的市場型網絡,與資產特殊性程度較高的組織型網絡。
2.市場型網絡體系的結構傾向於開放式;更換網絡成員的成本較低;中心廠傾向於讓協力廠自由發展;個別協力廠產生危機對中心廠衝擊較小;協力廠對中心廠的依賴程度較低。
3.組織型網絡體系的結構傾向於封閉式;更換網絡成員的成本較高;中心廠傾向於涉入協力廠的管理活動;個別協力廠產生危機對中心廠衝擊較大;協力廠對中心廠的依賴程度較高。
4.當客觀環境改變時,市場型網絡有轉變為組織型網絡的可能,而組織型網絡亦有轉變為市場型網絡的可能。
5.市場型網絡的策略是所謂的「同中求異」,而組織型網絡則是「異中求同」。
6.在從事產業升級的努力時,市場型網絡體系中傾向於由廠商個別做升級的努力,而組織型網絡體系則傾向於由中心廠與協力廠共同合作。
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以交易成本理論分析麥當勞及漢堡王進入台灣市場及後續管理機制改變之原因李維溪 Unknown Date (has links)
進入一個陌生卻有潛力的市場,對於企業來說往往是躍躍欲試,但是又怕受到傷害。國際級的飲食服務業如星巴克、摩斯漢堡、肯德基、麥當勞或是漢堡王,在進入台灣市場時為了避免獨資承受過大的風險,皆尋找台灣當地合作夥伴,以合資或是加盟的方式進入市場。若以交易成本理論來分析上述公司進入市場之事前及事後成本,或許可歸納出這些跨國公司策略選擇的原由。本研究以美國速食龍頭:麥當勞與漢堡王為研究對象。以下以麥當勞之背景來深入說明本研究之動機。
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房地產開發業專案成本管理之研究 -以某個案公司某房地產開發專案為例 / The research of the project cost management of the real estate development industry- A case of a real estate development project潘善建 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究的進行,乃基於國內的房地產與建設開發產業一直被視為國內產業的火車頭,其發展順利與否會帶動許多有關連之產業,故其對於國家的經濟發展也扮演相當重要之角色。而房地產與建設開發產業的作業流程,從土地購買、土地開發、土木工程委外建造到最後的銷售階段,其開發專案的生命週期往往耗費相當多的成本(陳銘崑、蔡煜凱,2012)。這樣的成本負擔,無論是大小型公司都是十分龐大,且帶來的風險也大。所以,任何一個專案於生命週期任一階段成本管理不良,則不僅關係該開發專案的成敗,亦會影響其所屬公司的存亡。有鑑於此,本研究乃從房地產開發業的專案成本結構、個案公司對專案成本的管理現況、未來管理模式與機制等三方向進行分析,以期益於個案公司專案成本管理績效與整體營運成長之目的。除此,本研究亦期經由本個案公司的深入探討,可提供學術研究與企業實務相關的參考,而利於房地產開發業與專案成本管理的研究領域之發展。
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由行為觀點分析聯合成本分攤與轉撥計價鍾慧貞 Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
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ABC (Activity Based Costing)成本計算於台灣加工服務產業之應用和模組建置—以LS公司為例 / ABC (Activity Based Costing) application and module setup for Taiwan milling and grinding industry陳建宏, Chen, Chien Hung Unknown Date (has links)
在過去爆炸成長的年代,許多公司基本上是沒有成本觀念的,只要產品能夠順利的完成,並且儘量改善,即可以賺到更多錢的成本觀念是唯一的成本觀念。但是新的競爭對手不斷出現,環境的要求改變,客戶成本持續降低,員工薪資成本不斷提升,都在在說明了不能夠再依照過去沒有成本觀念的想法進行管理。
ABC(Activity Based Costing)成本分析的模式是相當明確的,但是實際上因為成本和時間的考量,實際運用的狀況卻又相當少,本研究在ABC成本分析的架構上做更簡化、更適合台灣加工服務產業的變化,以求能夠幫助台灣加工服務產業更容易導入新的成本概念和計算模式,甚至在未來更能夠運用數據做更進一步的管理。 / In the last 20 years in Taiwan, Milling and Grinding Industry has nearly no concept about cost calculating, since at those years, these industries are in seller’s market condition.
They don’t really need to know the actual cost because of the high profits. Yet, things are changing now, more competitors, more salary cost, and stronger cost-down request from the clients. Hence, these industries are facing an even challenging condition. They will need a simple, low-cost, and effective cost calculating system.
Activity-based costing system is proved effective in the past, yet not simple enough and quite expensive. This research works on how to simplify ABC system to make sure it’s good enough for milling and grinding industries. And expect these industries would be able to use Activity-based costing system in practice in the future, even more, to do actual data administration.
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作業制管理制度對時間、成本、品質持續性改善之實證研究—以銀行業為個案許雪芬, HSU, HSUEH FEN Unknown Date (has links)
為提升營運財務績效,在營運管理上,不少企業會採行節約成本與裁減員工等迅速明快的措施來提升生產力。但其作法不僅往往會造成許多不愉快,且即使在短時間內的成本控制頗見成效,但不久又會故態復萌,生產力停滯不前,甚至下降,直到下一波的成本削減措施推出為止。因此針對其關鍵作業流程進行持續性改善,才可謂真正達到減少營運成本卻又不降低品質之方法。又在規模越大的公司中,通常成本交叉補貼的情況會越嚴重,越是有必要實施作業制成本管理制度來增加作業及資源分配的透明度。為達此目標,推行作業制成本管理制度(Activity-based costing Management)以獲得必要之作業相關資訊極為重要,而作業制管理遂成為提升競爭力及達到持續性改善之有效制度。
筆者會以個案公司為例,採實地實證之研究方式,探討作業制管理制度實施後,個案公司在作業時間、成本、品質面之持續性改善效果。根據研究假說與實證模型,以t統計量檢定或複迴歸分析(Multiple Regression)的方式,進行橫斷面之資料分析,探討作業制成本管理制度資訊釋放前後期,對於公司在策略面及營運面之各種效益變化。 / In order to improve the operational performance quickly, many enterprise cut down staff to economize cost without modifying the process. This method is just a temporary solution to a problem. It may cause a lot of unhappiness and would not do any help to increase productivity. Continuing improving critical process works for long-term cost down. And In most of the large-scale companies, the problem of cost cross-subsidization is usually more serious. So it is necessary to implment the the cost allocation management system to make cost transparency. In order to reach this goal, it’s extremely important to imply Activity-based costing Management. And it is the effective system that helps to improve business competition.
The author will take a bank to do case study and the evidence research to compose this thesis. And this research discusses the effect on time,cost and quality after implementing Acitivty-based costing. Besides that, the author also discuss the benefit on strategy and operation before and after the acitivity-based-costing information is released.The author take t-test and the Multiple Regression to examine the study hypothesis and evidence research model.
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隨機利率下的保單成本比較 / Insurance Policy Cost Comparison Under The Stochastic Interest Rates李享宗, Lee,Hsiang Tsung Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以隨機利率模型應用至淨現值法、邊際年利率法、比較利率法及內部報酬率法等保單成本評價方法中,藉此觀察多期保單年度的價值變化,進而找出保單的報酬率、成本值或指數所呈現的趨勢,並考量在相同的情況下,比較各險種的成本或報酬優劣,最後希望消費者能在合理的隨機利率下更清楚了解保單成本的概念,並基於消費者對於合理的保單成本分析需求,能提供主管機關對於揭露保單成本的規範有更多的參考。 / 本研究發現各種保單在隨機利率變化的情況下,分紅終身壽險於各種成本分析方法中皆有良好的表現,不論是在考量淨成本結構的淨現值法,或是考量儲蓄性質、投資報酬為主的比較利率法以及各年度的邊際報酬利率等方法,整體而言分紅終身壽險對於消費者及保險公司應該是最優質的選擇。 / 再者以內部報酬率法應用隨機利率模型分析年金保險,可得知傳統遞延年金的報酬優於利率變動型年金。另外由於各種成本評價方法所著重的要素不同,想要了解保單完整全面性的評價,透過數個不同性質的保單成本分析方法計算較能呈現客觀且適切評價結果。 / This research is applied in the Stochastic Interest Model to the appraised method of insurance policy cost, such as Net Present Value Method, Marginal Yield Method, Comparative Interest Rate Method and Internal Rate of Return…etc., so as to observe the annual variation of value for different term of insurance policies, and then find out the rate of returns, cost value or trend appeared of index of the insurance policy, and consider it in the same cases to compare the good and bad from the cost or remuneration of every insurance. Hope consumers can finally clearer understand the concept of the insurance policy cost under the rational Stochastic Interest Rate, and on the basis of consumers’ demand for the rational insurance policy cost analysis can offer the competent authority more reference in revealing norms of the insurance policy cost. / In this research discovered that various insurance policies in changing of Stochastic Interest Rate, its Participating Whole-Life Insurance in varied cost analytical methods has good representation, no matter in considering the Net Present Value Method of the net cost structure, or considering Comparative Interest Rate Method of the main nature of deposits or main invest remuneration, and the annual marginal return interest rate…etc., the Participating Whole-Life Insurance should be generally the most high-quality choice to consumer and insurance company. / Moreover, according to the Internal Rate of Return, using the Stochastic Interest Model to analyze the annuity insurance can learn the remuneration of the Traditional Deferred Annuity is superior to the Interest Sensitive Annuity. In addition, as various cost appraised methods focused on different elements, if want to comprehension overall appraisal of insurance policy, then it can represent more objective and appropriate calculation through the analytical method of several different nature insurance policy cost.
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中國嬰兒奶粉市場之策略行銷分析-以Y集團為例 / Strategic marketing analysis on Chinese infant formula market-Y company for example李範亞 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著經濟成長,個人可支配收入增加,以及在職母親人數上升,中國嬰幼兒奶粉業每年皆以兩位數成長。然而,龐大的嬰兒奶粉市場一直為國外品牌所壟斷。尤其是三聚氰胺事件後,消費者的對嬰兒奶粉品質的要求和態度改變,進口嬰兒奶粉提升至80% 的市場佔有率,使中國國產嬰幼兒奶粉廠商面臨困境。
嬰兒奶粉的購買者是父母親,購買的動機當然是以產品效益最高,品質最優良穩定,且價格合理的奶粉來撫育嬰兒,因此購買的動機與產品外顯單位成本和內隱成本有關。4C乃為產品的外顯單位成本和內隱成本(包括資訊搜尋成本,道德危機成本及專屬陷入成本),攸關消費者對產品效益的觀感。如果企業技巧的運用行銷策略,有效降低外顯單位成本,資訊搜尋成本,道德危機成本,及建立資產專屬性,提高產品的整體總效益,必然會得到顧客的青睞,刺激購買慾望,進而忠於品牌。本研究試圖以4C的觀點,以Y集團為例,來探討中國國產嬰兒奶粉的行銷策略,並且提供相關的行銷建議。
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擁擠成本對地方政府財政競爭的影響邱重威 Unknown Date (has links)
Justman et al. (2001) 探究在彼此競爭的情況下,地方政府如何提供具有水平差異特質的基礎建設。該文得到兩地政府會盡量提供具有差異化的基礎建設,以避免陷入財政競爭的窘境。
本研究將擁擠成本放入上述模型修正,主要獲致三個結果。首先,在單一地方政府沒有競爭的情況下,地方政府提供單一基礎建設與兩種基礎建設相較,當政府提供兩種基礎建設,土地價值較大,故在沒有競爭的情況下,政府應該提供兩種基礎建設;其次,在兩個地方政府各提供單一基礎建設的競爭模型下,政府提供差異極大基礎建設種類的決策不會受到擁擠成本的影響,然而當兩地政府都提供相同的基礎建設時,廠商是沒有辦法利用政府彼此的競爭,而將在地區創造的所有利益都拿走;另外,在廠商群總數相同下,地方政府應該選擇基礎建設需求種類較多的廠商群,差異化仍主導了基礎建設決策的結果;最後,在一地政府提供兩種基礎建設,另一地提供單一基礎建設競爭模型中,若不考量擁擠成本,可以發現提供兩個基礎建設的地方政府,最終都沒有誘因願意去提供兩個基礎競爭來與提供單一基礎建設的另一地競爭,故在有競爭的情況下,地方政府應該會提供單一基礎建設。加入擁擠成本之後,可以發現當擁擠成本越大時,對地方政府而言,越可以紓解財政競爭張力,在基礎建設種類決策中兩地提供的基礎建設種類有逐漸相互趨近的情況。
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手機市場策略行銷分析 / The Strategic Marketing Analysis of Mobile Phone Market鐘芝蓁, Chung, Sophia Unknown Date (has links)
台灣自1994年首家廠商明基電通投入手機的研發,在1997年第一支自製手機問世,開啟手機產業嶄新的一頁,短短的十年間,成就「 手機代工王國」的美譽,並且在2006年攀上最高峰,手機整體出貨量終於突破1億支(黃建智,2007),全球市佔率也衝上13.8%(葉憶如,2007)。過去十年來,手機廠商的生存契機,主要來自於代工訂單的爭取。而基於各別公司生產策略之不同,自製與外包的程度差異頗大,一直以來釋單較積極的國際大廠只有美商Motorola。
台灣有研發及製造的實力,但是因為廠商過度集中於代工客戶的訂單,在代工大餅沒太大增加,但手機廠商家數直線成長的情況下,部份廠商乃積極轉型發展品牌並加強行銷管理。過去有關手機品牌發展的研究,大多是由競爭策略、整體通路之價值鏈活動等觀點著手,但專注於品牌策略,進行4C交換成本態勢分析之探討者,則尚不多見,因此,本研究乃有其先導性。
本研究以台灣地區的大學生手機市場為研究對象,期望所做研究結果可供台灣手機廠商,做為規劃手機品牌行銷策略之實務參考。本研究經由問卷調查以灰階層統計分析,並將其結果以4C交換成本理論的四個主要變數:外顯單位效益成本、資訊搜尋成本、道德危機成本、專屬陷入成本,進行大學生消費族群之消費偏好分析,並歸納出:
首先,台灣的手機品牌廠商在專利成本高於國際大廠而品牌知名度低於國際大廠的情況下,其「外顯單位效益成本」高。其次, 台灣的手機品牌在市場定位不是很清楚的情況下,它的「資訊搜尋成本」偏高。此外,與品牌歷史悠久的歐美品牌及積極擴張的韓國品牌比起來,台灣的手機品牌在消費者的心中屬於高「道德危機成本」風險的選擇。最後,在專屬資產的建立上面,台灣的手機廠商因為品牌的發展資歷較淺,經驗累積不足,在這一方面的操作略顯不成熟,因此對消費者而言也沒有很高的一般專屬陷入成本。 / In 1994, the first Taiwanese company –BenQ Corporation (former Acer Peripherals)– started the involvement on the research and development of mobile phone, and it was the beginning of the new era of mobile phone industry has been started since the launch of the first “Made in Taiwan” handset in 1997. After one decade, Taiwan became the “ODM Kingdom of mobile phone”, and reaching a historical high on 2006 of the overall shipping volume — 100M units, meanwhile achieved a 13.8% of the global market share.
In the pass decade, the survival opportunity of Taiwanese mobile phone maker was from ODM orders。And Motorola was the only among the international brands, which released the ODM orders aggressively.
However, as the source of ODM orders is not in an upward trend and the growing number of mobile pone makers are all concentrate on ODM business, as a result that part of makers try to move toward OBM business to look for a bigger room and better development.
Most of the researches stood on the views about the OBM development on the competition strategies, value chain activities of the mobile phone channels, etc., but the point on the 4C exchange cost analysis has not been seen much, which is important for this research.
This research is expected to provide the result for the practical reference of the branding marketing strategy to the Taiwanese mobile phone makers. This research is been developed by the survey of questionnaire and is been analyzed by Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) and Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP), and then through the four primary parameters of the 4C exchange costs, the cost: the external cost on utility, information searches, moral hazard and asset specificity. Finally, following important result have been pointed out:
First of all, the patent cost is higher and the brand awareness is lower to the Taiwanese branded mobile phone makers compare to the international branded companies, and as a result of high external cost on utility. Next, due to the market positioning developed by most of the Taiwanese mobile phone makers is unclear; the cost of information searches is obviously high to consumers. In addition, compare to the well know western brands and the aggressive Korean brands, the choice of Taiwanese brands of mobile phone has high risk on morals hazard to consumers. Finally, as a new player for mobile phone branded business, the skill on branding manipulation requires more experiences, and the cost of asset specificity is low for consumers from the Taiwanese mobile phone brands.
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