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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

社會保險老年給付之經濟效果分析

李明, LI, MING Unknown Date (has links)
第一章為緒論,說明老年貧窮問題及如何以社會保險老年給付解決此一問題,並對 本文內容作概括的介紹。第二章說明社會保險老年給付之特性及其應如何與公共救 助及私人退休準備計畫配合,以提供對老年生活的完整保障。第三章至第六章乃是 社會保險老年給付經濟效果之分析,分別討論社會保險老年給付之保費歸宿問題, 社會保險老年給付對儲蓄及資本形成之影響,社會保險老年給付與所得重分配、經 濟穩定及經濟成長之關係。最後一章則試對我國目前社會保險制度作一評論。
52

財政政策穩定效果衡量之研究

賴清祺, Lai, Qing-Qi Unknown Date (has links)
本研究計分六章,除第一章及第六章為緒論及結論與建議外,第二章為財政政策之 效果與穩定之基本概念,計分四節,以闡述財政工具之無分軒輊及其必要性,第三 章為財政政策效果衡量之理論探討,計有六節,係針對政府預算盈餘作為財政衝擊 衡量工具之巡禮。第四章為財政政策穩定效果衡量之實證簡介與評述,計分八節, 除分別介紹學者專家作為實證研析模型外,并加述評。第五章則為台灣財政收支隱 定效果之實證分析,亦即為本研究之重心,本於前章模型為範,斟酌需要分別研究 我國財政收支之內在穩定與權衡性穩定效果,以及與世界上其他國家比較政府部門 對經濟穩定之貢獻程度,計分五節。
53

加值稅的價格效果:Aaron模型台灣之實證

湯明輝, Tang, Ming-Hui Unknown Date (has links)
本論文共一冊,大約二萬四千字左右,共分六章十七節。 第一章包括前言,加值稅之類型,稅率的區分(單一稅率與複式稅率)。 第二章介紹Henery Aaron的Input-output model,利用此模型來估算課程前與稅後的 產出值,並藉此兩種不同之產出值而比較價值效果。 第三章、第四章分別以台灣的十七個產業在課征IVAT與CVAT之後的價格效果,再求出 一一般的價格水準發現價和是否漲跌取決於加值稅與間接稅的轉嫁能力。若加值稅的 轉嫁能力越強,則以加值稅取代間接稅後,其價格越容易上漲。 第五章討論加值係數對物價之影響,發現加值係數對物價有正的關係,但是必須在加 值係數超過某一臨界之後,課征加值稅之後物價上漲,台灣由於加值係數低,因而課 征加值稅後,價格並沒有上漲。 第六章總結論,從財政收入,經濟穩定,經濟成長等項談,加值稅應屬一項良稅。
54

Two essays of the information impact on the valuation of closed-end funds

廖憲文, Liao,Hsien-wen Unknown Date (has links)
本論文分為兩部分,第一部份為以台灣之封閉型基金探討訊息事件下之投資者敏感性與市場效率性。第二部份為以東南亞六家國家基金探討投資者過渡反應之現象同時研究訊息分類後之訊息效果。 / This dissertation studies investors’ sentiment to dramatic public information events and the news effect on the valuation of closed-end funds. There are two main issues included in this dissertation. For the issue of investors’ sentiment, we employ domestic closed-end funds from Taiwan to test how political information events affect fund share price and net asset value. The political information events employed are the 1996 and 2000 presidential elections in Taiwan, including prominent political events ahead of the elections. For the other issue of news effect on the valuation of closed-end country funds, the six Asian country funds listed on the New York Stock Exchange are employed and the country-specific news are culled from the headlines shown on the front page of The New York Times. For investors’ sentiment, we examine how dramatic political news and events affect closed-end fund data, fund price, and net asset value, using a sample of Taiwan data. We use data from Taiwan, because its stock market has been repeatedly affected by political events. We develop a theoretical model to show how information shocks would affect the discounts on closed-end funds. In designing the model, which is tested below, we start by assuming that the information shock is consistent with market efficiency. Our empirical results show that, even though this assumption is corroborated by three out of four events, the remaining one event in four induces changes which are inconsistent with market efficiency. This provides support for the theory of the preponderance of investors’ sentiment. The results also show that the return on fund share prices and the return of net asset value (NAV) move in the same direction and the impact of information shocks to the return of fund share price and return of NAV have mostly the same sign. Although the results from domestic funds, with fund share prices and NAV that are valued in the identical market, tell us that there exists investors’ sentiment, we intend to resolve what the information effects are on the valuation of closed-end country funds that have fund share prices and NAV valued in two different entities/markets. We use a sample of six Asian country funds, listed on the New York Stock Exchange, to test whether salient country-specific news affects investors’ reaction around the Asian financial crisis period. Our results show that in regular weeks, fund share prices react less to changes in fundamentals. In weeks with salient news appearing on the front page of The New York Times, fund share prices react much more than those in regular weeks. We also find that economic news affects the adjustment process of fund share prices more significantly before and during the Asian financial crisis periods. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that news events play a role in the magnitude of investors’ reaction to changes in the fundamental values of closed-end country funds. As to the reaction of volume to news, the results show that news effect is significant in full sample period. For the reaction of volume to categorized news, economic news is significant in full sample period. In sum, the results from either domestic funds or country funds all show that news events/information do play a role in individual investors’ sentiment. The phenomenon is more conspicuous during a financial crisis period.
55

企業贊助活動之外溢效果

莊秉宜 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究為國內少數研究企業贊助活動之論文,本研究之目的為探討當企業從事贊助活動時,可能產生的外溢效果,其中,外溢效果以品牌形象和企業形象來衡量,並將外溢效果分為產生於企業內部的外溢效果與產生於企業外部的外溢效果兩種,在企業內部外溢效果部分,探討當企業以企業名義從事贊助活動時,是否會提升品牌形象;當企業以品牌名義從事贊助活動時,是否會提升企業形象;以及企業規模是否會影響外溢效果的產生。在企業外部外溢效果部分,探討企業從事贊助活動時,贊助效果是否會外溢到其他同業競爭者;當同業競爭者的規模與從事贊助者相似時,是否會較容易產生外溢,希望藉由這些研究,讓企業從事贊助活動時,能發揮事半功倍的效果。 本研究依企業內外部進行區分,將主研究分為研究一與研究二,研究一主要探討企業內部外溢效果,以實驗法進行,測試「企業規模」、「以品牌名義/以企業名義」和「從事贊助活動」對於「品牌形象」和「企業形象」之影響,屬於2×2×2之實驗設計,以維他露舒跑與統一純喫茶作為研究標的。但發現研究一無法證明企業從事贊助活動時會產生企業內部的外溢效果,推測可能原因為兩個品牌與企業之品牌形象與企業形象已經相當高,可再經由品牌或企業從事贊助活動之方式提升品牌形象與企業形象的空間有限,日後可針對此處加以修正後進行更深入之研究。 而研究二主要探討企業外部外溢效果,採用調查法進行,以中國信託蓮花卡和花旗銀行喜憨兒卡為調查標的,測試被誤認為贊助者之銀行是否因此提升其企業形象,以及規模相似會不會導致誤認贊助者情形更為嚴重。結果發現被誤認之台新銀行的確因被誤認為贊助者而提升其企業形象,但是規模相似的中國信託與花旗銀行卻無外溢較多之情況,推測原因應與企業之形象相關,因為中國信託與台新銀行同為本土銀行,形象相似,較容易外溢,而中國信託與花旗銀行一為本土一為外商,形象差異較大,不易產生外溢。建議未來可採用形象相似的廠商再進行贊助活動外溢效果之探討。 / This study focuses on the spillover effect of the sponsorship for which measurements are made based on brand image and the corporate image. The spillover effect could be resulted from both the internal and external aspects of the corporate. In the part of the internal spillover effect, this study examines whether the brand/corporate image is enhanced through any form of sponsorship activity in the name of corporate/brand. Whether or not the influences of the scale of the corporate on the spillover effect exist, is also discussed. On the other hand, for the external spillover effect, this research discusses any possible benefit could be acquired by the competitors when the corporate carries out the sponsorship. If the scale of the corporate and its competitors are similar, the consumer will misremember the sponsor easier. The purpose of this study is to provide useful suggestions which might allow the corporate be more efficient for carrying out its sponsorship activities. The results of the study on the internal aspect of the spillover effect generated by the sponsorship show that the brand/corporate image is not enhanced through the sponsorship in the name of the corporate/brand. The possible reason might be the existing ceiling effects of the brand/corporate image. According to the results of the study on the external aspect of the spillover effect of sponsorship, the corporate image of the competitor is enhanced since it is mistakenly recognized as the actual sponsor. However, from the viewpoint of the similarity in the size corporate scale, the external spillover effect does not emerge easier presumably due to that one of the investigated targets is a local bank and the other one is a foreign bank. The differences between a local bank and a foreign bank are complicated enough to cause difficulty in transferring the spillover effect. According to the results of this study, the suggestion for future studies is to target the corporate with more space work on to improve its image in order to discuss the internal spillover effect. For the external spillover effect, the further studies could include the criteria in selecting the competitors i.e. whose corporate image profiles are similar to the target corporate, in order to test the external spillover effect.
56

國際機構權益投資偏好成因之探討

周舒屏 Unknown Date (has links)
本文研究目的是探討跨國機構投資者的持股比例和公司特性間的關係,藉由分析跨國機構投資者的持股偏好來推論影響國際權益投資分佈的原因。研究對象為我國投信發行之海外基金以及投資於我國集中市場的外資、我國投信及金融機構。研究期間為1996-2001年,利用隨機效果模型(Random Effect Model)實證結合橫斷面以及時間序列的追蹤資料(panel data),以分析投資者所偏好的公司特性,進而推論投資者投資偏好本國市場的原因。 本研究首先探討跨國機構投資者的持股偏好,其次探討在本國市場的機構投資者的持股偏好,以分析投資者的持股比例和公司特性間的關係。經實證後結論如下: 一、我國機構投資者對外投資所偏好的公司特性為市值大、流動比率高、對外銷貨比率高、交易週轉率高的公司,證明了資訊不對稱以及交易成本是決定我國跨國機構投資者投資偏好的原因。 二、外資顯著偏好市值大、有發行過海外證券的我國上市公司,顯示外資明顯偏好資訊不對稱程度比較小的公司。 三、機構投資者-外資、我國投信、金融機構都顯著偏好市值規模大的我國上市公司,而以外資偏好的程度最大。顯示資訊不對稱問題同樣會影響投資者在本國證券市場的投資行為。
57

個股選擇權之隱含波動度不對稱效果決定因素之探討—以Panel Data模型分析

周弘敏 Unknown Date (has links)
隱含波動度不對稱效果對選擇權市場參與者是很重要的,因為隱含波動度變大可增加選擇權買方的報酬相對的會減少選擇權賣方的報酬,並且對選擇權避險者來說是一種額外的風險。過去許多文獻皆已證實股票報酬波動度具有不對稱效果,所謂不對稱效果一般是指負向衝擊對報酬波動度增加的影響較正向衝擊大。然而多數研究是以條件變異數作為波動度的衡量,本研究則打算以選擇權之隱含波動度作為波動度的衡量。研究對象為歐洲期貨交易所交易之二十四家德國公司個股選擇權,利用EGARCH模型探討股票價格變動對個股選擇權之隱含波動度不對稱效果,研究期間從2000年2月14日至2001年12月31日。在不對稱效果成立之下,進而探討公司財務槓桿及公司規模對隱含波動度不對稱程度之影響。除以最小平方法模型分析並與Koutmos and Saidi(1995)對照外,更進一步以Panel Data模型加入公司效果或時間效果作為本研究最終目的的分析依據,研究期間從2000年至2001年。 本研究實證結果如下: 1.大多數公司股票選擇權之隱含波動度具有不對稱效果,也就是負向價格變動對隱含波動度增加的影響較正向價格變動大,只有兩家公司例外。 2.以最小平方法模型分析公司財務槓桿對隱含波動度不對稱程度的影響,實證結果與Koutmos and Saidi(1995)不一致,且不能支持Black(1976)所提出槓桿效果能用以解釋隱含波動度不對稱效果之假說,產生遺漏變數偏誤。 3.以Panel Data模型加入公司效果或時間效果之考量,分析公司財務槓桿對隱含波動不對稱程度的影響。實證發現隱含波動度不對稱效果可歸因於財務槓桿假說,此外證實存在時間效果但不存在公司效果。 4.公司規模會影響隱含波動度不對稱程度,兩者呈現正向關係。也就是說規模較大的公司對負向衝擊的反應較規模較小的公司敏感,實證結果與Koutmos and Saidi(1995)一致。
58

網路廣告效果評估方式之探討

蔡佩珊, Tsai,Pei-Shan Unknown Date (has links)
根據我國資策會最新調查統計,截至2004年3月底止,我國經常上網人口達888萬人,網際網路連網應用普及率為39%;另一方面AC尼爾森也發現2003年15至39歲人口中,已有約六成的人將網路視為主要的資訊接收管道;可知網際網路已逐漸成為現代年輕族群獲取資訊的重要管道。 當網路成為一個媒體平台時,廣告便是這個媒體的主要收益來源之一。自1994年美國熱線網站(Hot Wired)在網站上開始招攬廣告以維持網站運作時,便開啟了網路廣告的歷史,但網路廣告效果衡量標準至今卻仍莫衷一是,本研究期望能透過產業份子的角度,從使用者的廣告效果(文獻整理)來引出實務業界真正運作的廣告效果測量方式,研究目的如下所列: 一、分析各種網路廣告效果評估方式的概念及其優缺點。 二、探討廣告主、網站業者與網路廣告代理商之間對於網路廣告效果的認知差距的現象。 三、研究出網路廣告效果評估方式可能改善之處。 本研究除了以文獻與理論來完整闡述網路廣告效果評估模式與學者專家的立場看法之外,並以七位產業組成份子的深度訪談以及三個個案分析的方式來嘗試瞭解目前網路廣告業界在評估效果表現的情況與其存在的問題。最後提出個人的結論與建議如下: 一、曝光性指標:是衡量網路廣告效果最基礎的參考數值,能夠確實評估當下網路廣告是否達到提升品牌知名度的廣告目標,但缺點在於無法確實了解網友對廣告的反應與態度。 二、互動性指標:因能直接且具體反映廣告效果,成為不同於其他媒體的最大特點,是目前網路廣告產業中最受重視的評估指標,可透過與網友的互動表現來檢視網路廣告是否達成廣告目標,但缺點是忽略網路廣告在曝光量及使用者行為上的成效表現。 三、使用者行為:是間接而次要的衡量指標,較屬檢視網頁架構設計或網路活動規畫是否符合網友需求的評估方式,可以類似質的分析概念來彌補其他指標在量的評估上不足之處,但須投入較多的成本進行長期而相對的趨勢觀察,始能真正分析出網友行為背後的動機因素。
59

前置廣告之背景效果對消費者評價後置廣告之影響 / The contextual effects of the former ad on consumers' evaluations of the latter ad

楊泓極, Yang, Hungchi Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要以背景效果的理論為基礎,在前後廣告不同的品牌關係下,探討兩者訴求一致性的高低,如何使前置廣告對受試者評價後置廣告時所產生的影響效果出現差異,並以後置廣告訊息類別與受試者產品知識為調節變數,進一步探討這兩者如何增強或削弱前述背景效果的強度。 經由前測選出數位相機和洗面乳為正式實驗題材,兩個產品類別的前置廣告品牌分別是SONY和DOVE,訴求焦點分別是「專業型相機」和「滋潤保濕效果佳」;而兩產品後置廣告的副品牌分別是SONY-Master和DOVE-Scent,虛擬品牌分別是DigiXpert和AROMA。兩產品後置廣告訴求焦點,在與前置廣告訴求具高一致性者分別是「鏡頭品質」、「畫素高」、「含有甘油成分」、「洗後不緊繃」,在與前置廣告訴求具低一致性者分別是「預設模式多」、「價格便宜」、「含有水楊酸配方」、「超強洗淨力」。根據上述前測結果,設計出一個2(訴求一致性:高與低)×2(訊息類別:深層訊息與表層訊息)×2(產品知識:高與低)的實驗,並以政大大學部學生為樣本,回收984份有效問卷進行統計分析。 研究結果顯示,當後置廣告之品牌為一虛擬品牌時,不論是在數位相機或是洗面乳產品,均證實當後置廣告訴求與前置廣告訴求具有高度一致性時,受試者對後置廣告的產品評價,會受到前置廣告主要訴求的影響,使其評價在該訴求點上展現出同化效果;當後置廣告訴求與前置廣告訴求具有低度一致性時,受試者對後置廣告的產品評價,則會受到前置廣告主要訴求的影響,使其評價在該訴求點上產生對比效果。當後置廣告之品牌為前置廣告品牌之副品牌時,也得到類似的結果,除了在洗面乳產品/訴求一致性高的情境下,受試者對副品牌後置廣告的評價的確展現出預期的對比效果,與受試者對虛擬品牌後置廣告在相同情境下的評價有所差異,與本研究預期相符;其他情境出現的背景效果種類均與受試者對虛擬品牌後置廣告在相同情境下的評價類似,而與本研究預期不符。 整體而言,本研究結果提醒廣告主除了廣告本身的內容之外,廣告所處溝通環境中的其他廣告也會對廣告效果產生相當的影響作用,尤其對於P&G、J&J、Unilever等擁有眾多產品品牌的大型公司來說,當它們對媒體進行聯合採購時,等於對廣告的背景環境有了部分的掌握能力,更應該善用這樣的優勢,妥善安排廣告順序,以提昇廣告效果、或避免廣告品牌間自相殘殺。除此之外,根據目標受眾的產品知識調整廣告訊息的呈現方式,也可以適度的改變上述效果的強度。 / The purpose of this study is to investigate the contextual effects the former ad will exert on the evaluation of the latter ad, under different consistency of appeals and branding strategies between these two ads. Moreover, the message type in the latter ad and the product knowledge of the participants are also discussed to understand how they could moderate the above assimilation or contrast effects. Digital camera and facial cleanser are selected as the test product categories. In the digital camera category, SONY was chosen as the brand of the former ad. SONY-Master (sub-brand condition) and DigiXpert (virtual brand condition) were the brands of the latter ads. In the facial cleanser category, DOVE was chosen as the brand of the former ad. DOVE-Scent and AROMA were the brands of the latter ads. A 2 (appeal consistency: high versus low)×2 (message type: deep cue versus surface cue)×2 (product knowledge: high versus low) factorial experimental design was applied on 984 college student samples. The main effect of the appeal consistency suggested that when the latter ad carried the virtual brand and under the condition of high appeal consistency between two ads, participants’ evaluation of the latter ad on the dimension of the former ad appeal showed an assimilation effect. On the other hand, participants’ evaluation of latter ad on the dimension of the former ad appeal, under the condition of low appeal consistency between two ads and with a virtual brand, revealed a contrast effect. The above effects occurred in both product categories. When product in the latter ad used a sub-brand strategy, participants’ evaluations of the latter ad on the dimension of former ad appeal were similar to those when the latter ad carried the virtual brand. The only exception was the high appeal consistency condition in facial cleanser category, under which participants’ evaluations revealed a contrast effect. In general, this study suggests the advertisers who have multiple brands, such as P&G, pay attention to the contexts of ads. With their powerful bundle media purchase, they are granted with more influence over the contexts. Marketers should take this advantage to enhance ad effects or avoid mutual damage between brands. Finally, advertisers could also adjust the message type of the ad appeal according to the product knowledge of consumers to moderate the above contextual effects.
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利率指標與不確定政策宣示 / Interest Rate Targeting and Announced Policy with Uncertainty

林鴻文, Lin,Hung Wen Unknown Date (has links)
本文擬以Fleming(1962)模型作為本文的理論架構,並延續張文雅、溫學華與賴景昌(1994)對於不確定政策變動的研究,釋放完全預知的強烈假定,討論「利率調幅不確定」的貨幣政策,並加入「名目利率指標」設定。本文明確地指出在央行實施不確定性貨幣政策的期間,民眾修正預期利率的結果,將導致匯率和產出之預期動態調整路徑,與經濟體系真實動態路徑不會有完全重合的可能性。本文此一結論,與上述文獻認為預期與實際調整路徑完全重疊之論述,已明顯迥然不同。 在本文的推導與証明過程中,我們發現在理性預期下,央行的不確定性貨幣政策可能使民眾的預期匯率及預期產出,產生高估或低估的現象;此外,本文亦提出,當新的訊息進入情報集合時,民眾立即充分運用訊息,且修正先前的利率預期值,此時預期調整路徑可有「非水平」躍動方式。

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