人際關係大別可分為三類：對上、平行、對下。對上級或長輩所應表現的是順從行為；平輩之間是合作行為；對下則是領導行為。關於初中學生的領導行為和合作行為，本所作余叔謀、陳明照兩位學生已經作過相當深入的計量研究，筆者特參照他們所採取步驟，研究初中學生的順從行為，以期對於初中學生的人際關係，可有全面的瞭解與認識。 本研究報告共分六章：第一章為緒論，敘述順從的意義、順從行為的重要性，以及順從行為的發展；第二章敘述測量順從行為的各種方法；第三章說明順從行為測驗的編製和預試經過；第四章研析不同年級、不同性別、不同地區、不同籍貫和不同居住環境的學生，在順從行為上的差異；第五章則分析各種因素（兄弟姊妹人數、學業成績、操行成績、體育成績、群育成績、各種人格特性--活動性、健壯性、衝動性、支配性、穩定性、社會性、深思性）與順從行為的關係；第六章為總結與建議，一面歸納本研究所獲得的各項結果，一面就學生、家庭、學校和社會方面提出建議，以期初中學生的順從行為有更良好的發展。 本研究承程師法泌諄諄指導，始得順利完成。又承劉主任白如多所督促，胡師秉正、鄭師瑞澤提示資料、解答疑難，各國中校長、老師、受測驗同學惠予協助與合作，筆者謹一併在此致由衷之謝忱。 筆者才疏學淺，復以時間匆促，疏誤之處在所難免，敬祈諸位師長及先進，賜予教正。

近數十年來，由於國際關係日益密切，國際事務日漸紛雜，亦由於電訊事業之突飛猛進，促使國際傳播日趨頻繁，而國際政治傳播更成為各國促進瞭解，實現外交政策之重要工具。 早在一九四二年羅斯福總統時代，美國即成立戰時新聞局（Office of Wat Information），從事全球性之宜傳與心戰工作。其後幾經演變，到一九五三年艾森豪總統時代，成立了美國新聞總署（United States Information Agency）。並在海外設立美國新聞處（United States Information Service），從事各項新聞與文化活動。 「學生英文雜誌」就是美國新聞總署所屬臺灣美國新聞處之一刊物，它以我國大專青年學生為主要傳播對象，免費供應。就本文作者觀察所得，部分學生對該雜誌甚感興趣，除藉此以瞭解美國外，並作為學習英語之課外讀物；但亦有部分學生一言認定其為美國政府之宣傳品，不屑一顧。二者所見，是否正确？此乃本文研究之動機。謹愛擬就該雜誌之傳播目的與技術加以探討，並以之為我政府從事類似政治傳播之借鏡。 本文共分五章，第一章為緒論，首就美國新聞處及學生英文雜誌加以簡單介紹，並提出研究重心。第二章說明研究方法。第三章為資料分析，就該雜誌內容主題加以區分，以瞭解其傳播目的，並探討其所運用之傳播技術。第四章為討論與評價，首先討論一般宣傳之原則與技術。作為評價該雜誌及提供建議之依據。第五章為結論。 本文之撰寫多承吾師徐佳士先生指導，並蒙吳南軒先生，呂俊甫先生賜教，外交部情報司司長魏煜孫博士會就本文「宣傳之一般原則與技巧」一節加以審閱及提供意見，美國新聞處可諾普（Robert B.Knopes）君及其助手等曾就學生英文雜誌之取材與編輯提供寶貴資料，謹此一併致最誠懇之謝意。 第一章　緒論 第一節 美國新聞總署的成立與功能 第二節 臺灣美國新聞處與學生英文雜誌 第三節 問題的形成與研究重心 第二章 研究方法 第一節 內容分析之運用 第二節 選樣 第三節 測量之類目與單位 第三章 資料分析 第一節 「學生英文雜誌」內容主題區分 第二節 「學生英文雜誌」塑造映象之範圍 第三節 學生英文雜誌傳播技術之探討 第四章 討論與評價 第一節 宣傳之一般原則與技巧 第二節 「學生英文雜誌」評價 第五章 結論 參考書目

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本研究期盼透過高專業承諾教師的生命史研究，達成下列目的： （一）了解高專業承諾教師如何詮釋本身工作的成效和意義。 （二）探究高專業承諾教師如何面對生命中的困境。 （三）分析影響高專業承諾教師專業承諾的因素。 （四）提供培養專業承諾教師之相關建議。 本研究經由訪談與文件資料分析，獲致以下結論： 一、本研究之個案（葉老師）確屬「高專業承諾教師」。 二、教育工作對葉老師的具有三項意義：（一）是性向也是志向（二）是快樂和成就的泉源（三）是回饋社會的方法。 三、葉老師面對生命困境的態度和作為： （一）家庭的困境養成他強靭的挫折容忍力，讓他在往後的生命歷程中，很少感受到挫折和困境。 （二）葉老師面對家庭困境從不怨天尤人，並以「接受現實」、「認真讀書」、「盡自己本份」來回應困境的考驗。 （三）葉老師面對感情挫折，以默默承受的自我調適，不會遷怒也不會攻擊，並願意為愛犧牲，只要覺得對方還需要他，他就願意繼續付出，直到發覺自己並不真正被需要才會放下。 （四）葉老師對教育環境的要求不高，不容易產生挫折感；咎責他人之前，會先反省自己；敏於感知他人的處境，經常為他人著想。因此，他的教育熱誠能夠相當豐沛而持久。 四、影響葉老師專業承諾的因素： （一）堅強的生存意志：讓他任何事情都很願意去找尋它好的一面，有建設性的一面，所以可以長期保有教育的熱情和理想。 （二）對安全感的高度需求：為了避免孤獨，葉老師喜歡和任何人接觸，喜歡幫助別人；為了轉移孤獨的不安，葉老師養成專注的做事習慣，以及「一旦投入，就全力以赴」的個性。 （三）楷模的學習：一類來自母親和大哥對家庭無怨無悔付出的言教和身教；另一類來自教會，教會的修女和教友以及教會的儀式所匯聚的溫馨祥和氣氛。而這兩種類型楷模都蘊含了「犧牲奉獻」的精神，這種精神成為日後葉老師的人生價值。 （四）天職的召喚：從小受到教會及史懷哲等典範人物的影響，慢慢形成一種犧牲奉獻、渡化眾生的使命，進而在心中不斷召喚。 （五）成功的經驗：來自學生、家長、學校同仁的肯定和回饋所打造的成功經驗讓葉老師感受到生命的價值，因而不論遇到任何困難，都能持續努力而且樂在其中。

往生服務業是既傳統又冷門的行業，其經營模式仍然停留在單打獨鬥的階段，雖然有企業化經營的往生服務公司崛起，但其市占率仍然很低，合計不到10%，顯示往生服務市場仍是待開發的市場。就如同數年前的雜貨店及計程車一樣，全省三千多家往生服務業者，大多是家傳的個體經營，不僅無法形成口碑，也不易獲得消費者的信任，台灣的往生服務業亟需新的業務模式進行企業化的經營與管理。 本研究者有實際經營的經驗，修習經營管理後，常思考往生服務業應該運用何種業務模式來經營，方可引領該產業的革新。本研究先分析整體環境為往生服務產業所帶來的機會與威脅，以及該產業的關鍵成功因素，發現往生服務應走向多元化、透明化、專業化、甚至個人化，才能夠滿足未來消費者的需求。再從內在分析來看，發現往生服務業者應走向企業化、資訊化、品牌化，才能夠獲得未來消費者的信任。 本研究並分析個案公司所擁有的優勢與劣勢，對個案公司提出了根本策略、競爭策略與營運策略的建議。策略的構想是針對目前的往生服務業生態，提出如台灣大車隊、7-11的競爭模式，經由有效的整合、行銷以及企業化經營，將傳統的往生個體經營者結合成一個強大的團隊，以贏得消費者的信任。個案公司如能快速取得先機，取代傳統服務業者的價值，成為消費者主動選擇的對象，將是未來領先同業、永續經營的利基所在。

一九九七年複製羊桃莉之出現，曾引發當時國際社會之震驚，由於不同動物之複製技術相似，人們開始顧慮複製人可能於未來出現，導致現有社會倫理及法治規範受到衝擊。因此，本文研究方向主要有二，其一係探討如何有效管制複製技術之實施，其二則是研究倘若複製人誕生，其法律上之身分關係應如何認定。而研究範圍又可分為三個部分：（一）闡述血緣之意義，並就現行民法婚生制度相關爭議加以介紹；（二）探討複製人引發之宗教、倫理爭議，同時比較國內外相關法規，以尋求合理之管制模式；（三）探討人工生殖下子女之婚生性認定標準，並以此為基礎研究複製人身分如何認定。 　　在章節安排上，第一章緒論為研究動機及研究方向之介紹，並對論文結構進行概要之說明。第二章分別由生物學及社會學角度，說明血緣關係之認定標準、血緣對於生物行為之影響，以及生物個體間如何辨別血緣關係。同時，本章亦將介紹血緣與社會團體之關係、血緣對於社會行為之影響， 並以我國社會制度作為血緣影響力之檢驗對象。最後，本章就與血緣相關之婚生推定及否認制度予以介紹。第三章先就不孕症與現行人工生殖技術之意義及態樣加以介紹，並闡明相關專業名詞，接著則是介紹近年來熱門之複製技術，其中除了技術原理及操作過程之解釋外，亦將對其發展過程及可能用途予以說明。 　　第四章針對宗教及倫理爭議加以探討。在宗教爭議方面，分別從天主教、基督教、佛教及伊斯蘭教之觀點，闡述其對於複製人之看法；而在倫理爭議方面則將就醫療倫理、人性尊嚴、家庭倫理以及社會秩序四個方向進行問題整理研究。最後再以我國宗教及倫理觀念來探討複製人之相關問題。第五章先就國際間之複製技術法規進行介紹，並對其管制模式及效果加以比較，再來則針對我國「人工協助生殖技術管理辦法」、「胚胎幹細胞研究的倫理規範」、「醫師法」、「醫療法」、「人工生殖法草案」及「人權基本法草案」等法規及法律草案進行檢討，並比較國內外立法例之優缺點。 　　第六章先就血統、分娩與婚生推定等傳統婚生性標準之主張，以及人工生殖目的、當事人意願、契約與子女最佳利益等事項加以比較，並歸納人工生殖子女之最佳婚生性依據。之後，基於複製技術與人工生殖技術之相似性，就先前歸納結果析述複製人之身分認定問題。最後則試圖從複製技術之正面意義，探討其作為合法人工生殖技術之可行性。第七章為結論，乃歸納先前各章討論之結果，對我國婚生制度為整合性之闡述，並對複製技術之規範方式及身分認定進行總結。

本研究旨在探討「傳統字義生詞教學法」和「構詞法輔以常用詞根之生詞教學法」對台灣的法語學習者學習和記憶法語生詞的差異，希望能在生詞教學上，提供另一個不同於傳統生詞教學而且更為有效的方法。 本研究的主要發現如下：1)接受「構詞法輔以常用詞根之生詞教學法」的受試者(實驗組)比接受「傳統字義生詞教學法」的受試者(對照組)在生詞的短期記憶和長期記憶上，均有較佳的表現。2)實驗組的辨別字義和拼字能力也比對照組佳。3)在字彙量、短期記憶與長期記憶的相關性上，短期記憶較佳者，也有較好的長期記憶表現。 / The purpose of the study is to investigate the different effects of the traditional definition-based teaching method and the morphological approach via commonly-used roots on Taiwanese French learners’ vocabulary acquisition and memorization. It is hoped that the results of the study can provide an alternative to traditional vocabulary teaching in French. First of all, an on-line questionnaire which investigated the teaching situation of French vocabulary in Northern Taiwan was administered. Then, the subjects in this study involve 115 nonnative French majors at National Central University and Fu Jen University, including 57 seniors and 58 sophomores. The seniors were divided into experimental and the control groups, while the sophomores were also divided into experimental and the control groups. The experimental groups received the morphological approach via commonly-used roots, and the control groups received the traditional definition-based teaching method. In the beginning, the experimental and control groups took the same French vocabulary pre-test to examine their vocabulary size. Then, after receiving different instruction, the subjects were immediately asked to take post-test 1, which investigated their short-term memory for words. Two weeks later, post-test 2 was conducted to check the subjects’ long-term memory for words. The results of the study reveal that the experimental groups have better short-term memory for words and long-term memory for words than the control groups, regardless of the subjects’ language proficiency. With regard to the effect of learning new words, both the experimental groups and the control groups made progress after receiving the instruction. After two weeks, the experimental groups showed no regression on the vocabulary post-test. Furthermore, the experimental groups performed better than the control groups on both word spelling and word meaning, and in general, the subjects’ short-term memory for words was correlated with their long-term memory for words.

現今社會，對於外貌的要求日形亦重，國外有許多文獻探討過外貌在各個層面的影響。外貌包含了相貌以及體態兩個部分，國內研究對於客觀體態的探討多半著重於健康層面，因此本文針對國內較為缺少的環節，以體態做為主軸，探討體態對經濟層面及生活滿意程度等心理層面的影響。 本文以Van Praag et al.(2003)一文的二階層聯立模型做為理論依據，實證方法則採取兩階段工具變數法，在第一階段中以OLS model估計體態對經濟層面的影響，第二階段則利用上述結果帶入ordered probit model中，分析體態對生活滿意程度等心理層面的影響。 結果發現，在台灣社會體態對於經濟層面影響以及整體生活滿意程度影響並不顯著，這有別於國外研究所得之體態過胖和薪資以及整體滿意程度有顯著負相關的結果。但若針對體態內心自我認同度來看，體態對自身滿意程度以及自我認同體態吸引他人程度皆有顯著的負相關。 / Numerous studies have shown that physical appearance has strong economic as well psychological effects on an individual’s well-being in our society. A person’s physical appearance usually is characterized by his or her facial feature and body shape. However, recent studies on physical appearance in Taiwan mostly focus on the health effects of body shape and the psychological outcomes of physical appearance are still largely unexplored. Therefore, this study aims at this important but previously neglected aspect of research on physical appearance by examining the relationship between body shape and life satisfaction. The theoretical framework of this study is based on the model developed by Van Praag et al. (2003), and the empirical approach is a two-stage instrumental variable estimation. Specifically, we estimate an earning equation with the level of income as the dependent variable in the first stage, and then in the second stage, the relationship between body shape and life satisfaction is estimated with an ordered probit model. The findings of this study show that body shape does not have a significant impact on an individual’s income and life satisfaction. This result is substantially different from what have been found in previous studies using data from the US and European countries suggesting that obesity is negatively correlated with one’s earnings and life satisfaction. However, the results of this study also indicate that obesity has strong negative relationships with the self-reported levels of satisfaction and attractiveness on body shape.

石化能源逐漸耗竭引人關注，再加上「京都議定書」對溫室氣體排放之全球性管制，促使世界各國重視各種新能源與替代性能源，並積極投入應用與研究開發。生質燃料已成為全球許多國家的戰略性資源，其發展除可開發自產綠色能源，提高能源自主比例，並能結合能源、農業、環保、產業等共同發展。面對全球生質燃料產業急速成長，台灣自不能自外於節能減碳的永續發展趨勢。 為驗證政府推動生質燃料政策的環境條件及業界投入狀況，本研究以次級資料分析方法進行國內、外之發展現況及趨勢分析；透過學者、專家、政府業務執行主管及業者之深度訪談，藉由訪談之資料歸納國內發展情形，對照現有生質燃料政策推動目標之發展模式，並以五力分析架構及SWOT評估方法評估生質燃料產業發展之競爭力。 本研究的主要發現包括：1.影響我國生質燃料的發展，最主要的關鍵要素是料源成本、價格補貼及市場保證；2.在推廣生質燃料的策略作法上，絕大多數主張應依政府政策規劃目標循序漸進推動；3.業者在發展生質燃料過程中，面臨最大的困難在於政策的不確定及原料的掌握不足；4.產業發展初期仍應以國內產製優先，不足部分再開放進口；5.生質柴油料源中，目前以廢食用油最具價格競爭力，麻瘋果油次之，藻類則是長期看好的料源。生質酒精部分，依國內廠商最可行技術而言，以甘蔗酒精較具價格競爭力，狼尾草居次，纖維素作物則是長期看好者。6.現階段的政策目標，在生質柴油部分的推廣比例仍以B2為佳，生質酒精則以E3為國產料原的最大量。長期來看，生質燃料產業的擴展，一定要以非糧食作物為優先，關鍵環節在於纖維酒精技術及藻類開發技術有突破，推廣比例及市場規模才有再擴張的空間。 就研究分析所得，提供下述政策建議：1、政府需訂定明確的政策目標；2.成立再生能源國家型計畫，加速推動生質燃料發展；3.政府率先投資第二代生質燃料產業；4.需建構生質燃料永續發展的制度性設計；5.確立以本國產製為優先之政策宣示；6.強化節能減碳教育宣導，讓消費者建立信心並接受。在業界策略上建議：1.必須提升料源掌握度與開發多元料源，並降低生產成本；2.業者須加強與通路商籌組供油策略聯盟；3.生質酒精業者可採合資或合作生產方式切入市場，取得先占地位；4.積極參與第二代生質燃料的研發與技術銜接。 / Petrochemical energy shortage is an issue that has been gradually gaining attention. Global regulation of greenhouse gases emission set by the Kyoto Protocol has also called attention to new and alternative energy sources, as well as the active involvement of individual countries in new energy application and research development. Biofuel has now become a strategic resource in many countries. Additional development of alternative energy can not only help increase the amount of domestic green energy and its ratio to traditional energy, synergy is also created causing the equal development of energy, agriculture, environmental production, and industrial growth. In face of the rapid growth of the biofuel industry worldwide, Taiwan must not exclude itself from the trend of sustainable development in energy conservation and CO2 reduction. To access the conditions of government policy in biofuel promotion and industry involvement, this study used secondary data analysis methods to analyze the current trend and status of national and international development. Through information gathered from in-depth interviews with academics, experts, government executives, and industry members, current domestic developments are compared to existing models of biofuel policy, promotion, and objectives. The competitiveness of biofuel industry development is further evaluated using SWOT assessment and Five Power Analysis. The main findings of this study include the following: 1) The key elements affecting national biofuel development are raw material costs, price subsidies, and market guarantees. 2) In biofuel promotion strategies, a vast majority should be made gradually and according to government policy planning objectives. 3) In biofuel development, the biggest challenges the industry faces are policy uncertainties and the lack of raw materials. 4) In initial industry development, domestic production should be a priority, allowing imports only when in demand. 5) In raw materials for bio-diesel, recycled oils are currently the most competitive in value, followed by Jatropha oil, while algae is seen as having long-term potential. According to the most viable technology offered by domestic manufacturers, sugarcane ethanol is the most competitive in value for bio-ethanol, followed by Chinese Pennisetum, while agricultural waste is seen as having long-term potential. 6) In the current stage of policy objectives, B2 is still more adequate in the promotion of bio-diesel, and E3 is the main domestic raw material for bio-ethanol. In the expansion of biofuel industry in the long run, priority must be given to non staple crops, while the key lies in cellulosic ethanol and algae oil development technology. Only then can there be room for further expansion in promotional proportion and market scale. The following policy recommendations are provided based on analysis of the study: 1) Clear policy goals must be set by the government. 2) Establish nation-wide plans for renewable energy, and accelerate the promotion of biofuel development. 3) Government must take initiatives in second-generation feedstock investments. 4) A systematic design must be built for the sustainable development of biofuel. 5) Policy declarations must be made to ensure the priority of domestic production. 6) Strengthen education in energy conservation and CO2 reduction, and build consumer confidence and acceptance. Recommendations for industry strategies: 1) It is essential to increase control of raw materials, develop multi-source materials, and lower production costs. 2) The industry must strengthen its strategic alliances with distributor in oil supply. 3) The biofuel industry may partake in joint ventures or cooperative efforts to get a head start when entering the market. 4) Actively participate in the research and development and technology adaptation of second-generation feedstock.

生技醫療服務公司之成長策略分析 – 以佳醫集團為例 / ABSTRACT Taiwan government in March of 2009 announced that six emerging industries have been specially selected for intensive development. They were biotechnology, medical care, green energy, quality agriculture, cultural creative and tourism. ”Biotechnology Takeoff Package” was firstly launched on March 26. This package is expected to bring Taiwan’s biotechnology and medical service environment to international standards, and rapidly making it “trillion dollar industry.” However, resource is limited. Compared to other technology advanced countries such as America and Japan, Taiwan owns less population, smaller size economy and rather limited nature resources. How should Taiwan develop its specially selected industries? What would be the best strategy for Companies interested in entering these selected industries? The aim of this study is to explore the growth strategy of medical services related companies and to conclude with some useful suggestions for Companies interested in entering biotechnology and medical service industry. This paper uses a case to observe the growth path of medical service industry. The author collected the data relating to the case company from its annual reports and various periodicals, and then applied theories of growth aiming to conclude the successful strategies made by the company. The current study chooses the largest dialysis treatment services company in Taiwan, the Excelsior Health Care Group, as the case study subject. During its twenty-one-year development history, the Group has been growing through vertical and horizontal integration and entering joint ventures with diversified businesses, such as cosmetics medicine, long-term health care, pharmaceutical logistics services and various clinical services such as dental and eye clinical services. The growth strategy of the group can be decrypted in the models of “Resource Based View”, “Core Competence Theory” and “The Boston Matrix.” This research concludes that the company has made several successful strategies including (1) using financial leverage to gain sufficient funding to sustain its investment in new businesses, (2) basing its original core competence and development related to other core competencies, (3) extensively entering into joint ventures with partners when exploring new business.