近年來幾則判決引起爭議，係因強制猥褻罪與性觸摸罪之界限模糊。強制猥褻罪之「其他違反其意願之方法」在學說及實務上皆都不同看法，因而與性觸摸罪之「乘人不及抗拒」產生爭議，再者，強制猥褻罪之「猥褻」行為，在刑法上並未對其作出明確的規定，以致在法院判決時法官的認定也會有所不同，因此，本文將從「結果非價」及「行為非價」來觀察被害人性的受害態樣及加害人侵害手段，並試圖劃分強制猥褻罪與性觸摸罪的界限，以期減少實用上適用錯誤或發生爭議問題。 本文在結構上，為能劃分強制猥褻罪及性觸摸罪之界限，第二章從強制猥褻罪之修法歷程及性騷擾防治法之立法歷程觀察，並指出因強制猥褻罪之修法及最高法院決議，造成與性騷擾防治法第25條性觸摸罪在適用上發生爭議，並以著名的爭議案件，如「強吻案」、「襲胸案」、「觸摸下體案」及「舌吻案」，從各審判決、社會對判決結果的反應及學者的看法，觀察強制猥褻罪與性觸摸罪在社會一般大眾、學者間、實務界的界限。第三章即以從法益侵害的實施流程中之「行為非價」及「結果非價」來區分強制猥褻罪與性觸摸罪之界線。從「結果非價」觀察被害人性的受害態樣及被害人受侵害標準的評定，從「行為非價」觀察強制猥褻罪與性觸摸罪之加害人侵害手段差異。從上述方法所劃分出的標準，並依該標準檢視上述爭議案例並做評析。最後則為結論。

中越邊境貿易的歷史淵遠流長，牽涉層面亦非單一經濟層面，而是涉及多元面向。本研究使用「地方威權主義」（Local Authoritarianism）的視角探討在廣西邊境貿易的發展中地方政府所扮演的角色，期望能從不同的視角觀察廣西政府在中越邊境貿易中的定位。本研究認為邊境省區因其地理位置讓其有一定的特殊性，在邊境貿易的發展上地方政府有一定的自主性並可參與和影響中央政府的決策，讓中央政府產出對於有利於該省區發展的政策與法規。在實證方面本研究採用廣西為研究案例，選擇原因是廣西為中國西南地區中邊貿對象較為單純、發展狀況較良好的省區且目前台灣學界對廣西邊境貿易的研究較少。本研究使用文獻分析、田野調查與訪談法來研究之，同時亦發現邊境貿易的興衰受到國內政經因素與兩國關係變化的影響並且中央政府對於邊境貿易的發展依然握有一定的主導權。 本研究的發現可從歷史、制度、地方威權主義三大部分論述。首先，歷史部分因為政府與民眾對於邊境貿易的需求以及中越和平發展的時間多於衝突的時間，讓中越邊境貿易的發展是日趨繁盛，邊境貿易對於地方的重要性日益增加，故地方政府十分重視邊境貿易的發展。其次，制度部分發現中央與廣西政府對邊境貿易發展都給予許多支持並頒布相關法規與政策，並在法規與政策層面有許多的合作。全國層級的法規與政策對於邊境貿易發展有很大影響力，例如：為規範邊境貿易的失序所頒佈的法規與政策，極大影響了日後邊境貿易的發展。最後，地方威權主義部分發現「地方威權主義」對於廣西在中越邊境貿易中的角色有一定的解釋力，廣西政府在邊境貿易的發展中有一定的自主性且在發展邊境貿易上會採取與中央政府協作的模式，以期讓廣西能獲得更多的優惠。

由於我國政策與制度關係，直轄市比其他縣市可獲得較豐富的資源，是不爭的事實，以致各縣市紛紛爭取升格為直轄市，希望獲得更大的財政實力，但2010年升格之後的五都，財政收支差短依舊嚴重，皆須仰賴中央補助或舉債，以支應各項政務推動及地方建設。對新北市而言，在資源有限情況下，惟有提升財政自主能力，並落實財政紀律，才能解決其財政缺口。 新北市既已升格直轄市，就要有適時法律得以遵從，希望能儘早修正財政收支劃分法，給予相當的財政自主權，並落實財政自我負責機制。然而在自有財源比例偏低情形之下，支出結構僵化，人事費比重過高，能自行決定的支出相當有限，加上指定用途補助款等問題，都限縮其財政自主性。 本研究以新北市為主要研究對象，選取1982-2011年資料，以一般化最小平方法GLS（generalized least squares)進行迴歸分析，探究對於新北市財政收入或自主財源之影響因素。實證結果發現，家庭平均每戶全年經常性收入、土地增值稅減半徵收及調降稅率政策，對於歲入及自有財源具有正向影響效果；失業率則具有負向影響效果。以上三項影響因素中，失業率對於歲入及自有財源之影響程度不同，對於自有財源則更具顯著性負向響影。 / It is undoubted that the municipality can get more resources than counties and cities. Due to the fact, most of counties and cities try for upgrading to a municipality in Taiwan. After city-county consolidation in 2010, the Fiscal Deficit of five special municipalities is still seriously short, they rely on central government subsidies or loans to cope with the operation and construction funds. Because of the limitation of resources, it is the sole solution of solving the fiscal gap for New Taipei City is to enhance the ability of financial autonomy and implement fiscal discipline. It is necessary for New Taipei City to have the corresponding law to upgrade municipality. We hope that the Act Governing the Allocation of Government Revenues and Expenditures can be revised as soon as possible and the revised law can provide the appropriate financial autonomy and implement fiscal self-responsibility mechanism for New Taipei municipality. However, because of the low proportion of cases under its own financial resources, the fixed expenditure structure and the high proportion of staff costs, the self-decided expenditure is quite limited. In addition, earmarked grants and other issues also narrow its financial autonomy. New Taipei City is the main object of this study. The specific data (1982-2011) and the GLS(generalized Least Squares) are used in this study to find out the impact factors of New Taipei's revenue and its independent revenue sources. The empirical results indicate that Average Current Receipts Per Household, LAT Halved and Tax Reduction policyhave a positive effect on its revenue and independent revenue sources; Also, the unemployment rate has a negative impact on results. Among these three impact factors, the Unemployment Rate has the different influence degree between the revenue and independent revenue sources, especially; it has significant negative impact on the independent revenue sources.

「天下雖安，忘戰必危」，基於國防科技發展攸關一國武力消長，且一旦武器外購管道受阻，國家安全及命脈均將受到威脅。面對國際情勢的複雜變化、中國大陸軍力的擴張、南海及東海領土領海主權爭議、美國「再平衡」的戰略作為、非傳統安全問題，造成亞太地區的安全困境及軍備競賽，嚴重影響整體區域安全，欲確保臺海和平及區域穩定，我們絕不能寄望他人的善意，唯有積極強化國防自主，方能有效維護國家安全。有鑑於自主國防理念，我國推行「國艦國造」政策，期以扶植國內造船產業發展，並帶動國家整體經濟發展，然「國艦國造」並非一蹴可及，需要長期努力及結合造船團隊才能逐步達成，本文即以決策理論為基礎，以「決策者」、「利益團體」及「官僚體系」等三種決策模型，分析國艦國造政策主要窒礙問題為，缺乏重工業基礎，造艦關鍵總成能量不足、政府未整合相關產業推展窒礙，適時修訂相關法令、造艦與修艦概念未整合，全壽期委外造艦模式難以推展等。並續以精進造船廠策略聯盟等六項建言修訂「國艦國造」整體政策，並期許國防部及民間造船產業鏈上的每一分子，均應以國家整體利益為重，以「國防定要自主的決心」共同完成「國艦國造」的光榮使命。 / Facing a changing international environment with traditional and non-traditional issues, such as military expansion of People’s Republic of China, territorial disputes in South and East China Sea, the U.S. “rebalancing”, etc., it is important to keep the national defense independent and accordingly maintain cross-strait peace and regional stability in East Asia. Therefore, Taiwan has promoted the “self-built warship” policy as a long-term goal in order to foster local shipbuilding industry, to encourage economic growth, and most important of all, to realize the ultimate goal which is self-defense. This thesis is trying to analyze the current problem of “self-built warship” under the decision-making framework by using the decision-maker model, the interest groups model, and the bureaucratic organizations model. Through these three models, I conclude that several obstacles hindering the policy promotion: lack of foundation of heavy industries, lack of key technology for shipbuilding, lack of capacities to integrating related industries, lack of proper law-making, lack of consistent capacities of constructing and repairing, and difficulties in outsourcing with total life cycle of warship. Finally, the author provides six policy recommendations improving the “warship self-built” policy which is expected to be fulfilled for the self-defense, a long term military defense policy in Republic of China on Taiwan.

本研究透過研究者從實務工作角度，整理自身和相關領域社工員於公部門從事社會工作之服務過程與經驗，以深度訪談的方式探究公部門社工員所擁有的專業自主發揮空間，以及提供專業服務過程常需考量及面對之問題，並歸納其存在之歸因與因應方式，從中思考社工專業制度是否有助於公部門社工專業自主性之發揮，並重新檢視社會工作專業存在於公部門扮演之角色及定位，找出可能的修正方向，期讓公部門的社會工作服務能與專業助人機制進行結合，讓社工專業能更貼近服務個案思考及服務。 　　本研究結果發現：（1）公部門社工專業角色定位不明，影響專業認同度；（2）政府的科層體制限制了公部門社工專業自主發展；（3）學校專業教育訓練是社工專業自主的基礎；（4）現行社工證照制度對於提升公部門社工專業自主性影響有限；（5）公部門督導功能受限於科層體制，影響公部門社工專業自主性的發揮。 根據研究結果，針對行政機關提出四點建議，包含：（1）建立公部門社工專業定位，釐清社工角色及職責；（2）各項福利申請或安置處遇的行政程序應盡量最簡化，減少繁瑣的行政作業，提升社工專業效能；（3）攸關弱勢權益的法規限制放寬其彈性，賦予社工員更多自主裁量空間，以彌補福利法規之不足及限制；（4）建構完善職前訓練制度。此外，針對目前社工專業制度提出三項建議，包含：（1）學校教育應重視培養社工獨立思考及專業自主能力；（2）重新檢視現行社工師證照資格認定方式，落實社工專業服務；（3）強化公部門督導專業角色，建立信任督導關係。最後，針對社會工作者自身則提出三項建議，包含：（1）堅定自我專業信念，建立專業自信及專業認同；（2）善用同儕支持與經驗分享，強化專業信念及專業知能，建構維持公部門社工專業自主的工作模式；（3）強化自我專業知能，累積實務工作技巧及能力，以實踐專業自主。 / The study by researchers from the substantive point of view, organizes their and public sector social workers’ service process and experience of social work and related areas. With in-depth interviews, the study explores that social workers of public sector have independence to develop their profession, finds the problems that often need to consider and face when providing professional services, and concludes with the cause and solution. Thus, it can further think if social worker’s profession system helps the public sector’s social workers have independence to develop their profession and re-examine the role and position that the social workers perform in public sector to find the way o amendments. Therefore, the public sector can be combined with a professional helping mechanism which allows the service to be closer to the social work profession case thinking and service. 　　The results of the study found that: (1) the role of public sector social worker is unknown that affects the degree of professional identity; (2) Government bureaucracy system limits the development of profession; (3) Professional schools of social work education and training is the foundation of professional autonomy (4) The current licensing system for enhancing the social public sector limited the autonomy of the social work profession influence;(5) Supervisory function is limited to the public sector bureaucratic system which affects public sector workers to develop professional autonomy. According to the research results, there are four-point proposal for the executive authorities, including: (1) Establish public-sector social work professional position and clarify the roles and responsibilities of social workers. (2)The placements of the case of an application for benefits or administrative procedures should be simplified as much as possible and be reduced cumbersome administrative operations in order to enhance the effectiveness of the social work profession. (3) The regulation of minority’s benefits should be more flexible so that it gives social workers more autonomy discretionary space to compensate for the lack of regulations and restrictions on welfare; (4) Establish a concrete pre-employment training system. In addition, there are three suggestions for the current system of social work profession made, including: (1) School education should focus on cultivating independent thinking and professional autonomy for social workers (2) Re-examine the existing qualification of social worker’s certificates to implement social work professional services; (3) strengthen the role of the public sector professional supervision and build a trust relationship of supervision. Finally, social workers themselves have proposed three suggestions, including: (1) firming self-professional belief and establishing professional confidence and professional identity; (2) use peer support and experience sharing, strengthen professional beliefs and professional knowledge and construct maintain professional autonomy of public sector workers working mode; (3) strengthen the self-professional knowledge, skills and ability to accumulate practical work to practice professional autonomy.

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

中國經濟發展快速的情況下，人民對於汽車的需求也一直再提高，在基礎建設尚未追上汽車數量增加之下，道路擁擠與環境汙染成為了許多城市必須面對的問題。北京市政府於2010年12月23日實施汽車限購政策，希望透過此政策降低汽車增加的速度。另一方面，中國將發展汽車自主品牌作為重要政策之一，希望藉由外資的技術讓自主品牌的汽車打入國際。因此本文將使用差中差法進行估計，研究北京市在汽車限購政策之後，政策對於自主品牌銷售的影響。 研究中所使用的資料為中國「中國車輛登記管理所」之中的「全中國登錄各月新增車輛」，加上「易車網」的汽車特性資料整理而成。以北京市的自主品牌車系作為實驗組，非自主品牌車系作為對照組進行多次估計，其中包括加入時間趨勢及將極端樣本去除等。研究結果皆顯示，在汽車限購政策後，確實對於自主品牌汽車銷售有下降的影響，最後也加入了穩定性檢驗，證明自主品牌的銷售下降是否與政策有關。最後結果亦與預期相同，證實北京市的汽車限購政策對於自主品牌的銷售有負向的效果。 / With the rapid economic growth in China, people’s demand for automobiles has risen continuously during the past decades. Furthermore, because the infrastructure in China failed to sustain the increase in the quantity of automobiles, traffic congestion and environmental pollution are the problems many cities have to be confronted with. Therefore, Beijing government adopted Automobile Purchase Limit Policy in Dec. 23, 2010, hoping that through the policy it can decrease the growth rate of automobiles. On top of that, developing self-owned Brand for automobiles in China is its primary policy, China government hoped to take advantage of foreign technology to make its self-owned Brand step into the international market. Consequently, this article uses Difference-in-Difference method to analyze how the sales of self-owned brand automobiles would be affected after the Automobile Purchase Limit Policy was enacted. Data used in this article is from Monthly Increase in Registered Vehicles Across China, which is from Vehicle Registration and Managemet Bureau of Chian, and from Yiche Network. Setting the self-owned brand mobiles in Beijing city as an experimental group and non-self-owned brand mobiles as a control group, we are to estimate many times. We try to take time series effect into account and eliminate outlier samples. The result shows that after the Automobile Purchase Limit Policy, the sales of self-owned brand automobiles significantly decrease. Finally, we add stability test to observe whether the decrease in the sales of self-owned brand automobiles is related to the policy or not. The result reveals that the Automobile Purchase Limit Policy in Beijing has a negative impact on the sales of self-owned brand automobiles.

近年來，功能性磁振造影技術發展迅速，使得大腦神經活動關聯性在腦神經科學中逐漸發展成熟。同時，網路理論的發展在近代也引起關注，在生物物理中，小世界網路(Small-World Network)被廣泛運用在大腦神經網路，其群聚性高、特徵路徑短之性質與大腦各個腦區間反應及高效率傳遞資訊的特性相似。有鑑於此，本論文藉由小世界網路的特性探討大腦的老化現象。 本研究以靜息態功能性磁振造影(Resting-state fMRI)量測年輕人及老年人大腦資料，並以右側腦島(Ins.R)作為核心，建構以腦島為核心的正及負相關網路。隨後，我們觀察在小世界特性明顯下的全域網路參數(Global Network Parameters)及區域網路參數(Regional Network Parameters)之老化現象。最後，我們利用多重攻擊策略模擬網路多點受損之情況，以了解網路之脆弱性。 我們研究結果指出，以腦島建立之負相關網路的常規化特徵路徑(Normalized Characteristic Path Length)會隨年紀而減短。並在區域網路參數所選出之重要網路樞紐中發現以腦島所建構之相關網路與認知功能(Cognitive Function)及中樞自主神經系統(Central Autonomic System)具有相關，且正相關網路中左側前扣帶和旁扣帶腦回(ACIN.L)及左側緣上回(SMG.L)隨著老化有顯著差異。期望可幫助醫學上了解中樞自主系統與認知功能在老化下之狀況。

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第12848号 / 論農博第2800号 / 新制||農||1027(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H26||N4865(農学部図書室) / 31431 / (主査)教授 小田 滋晃, 教授 新山 陽子, 教授 徳賀 芳弘 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM