原住民部落資源自主治理（self-governing）之概念已陸續地推展於原住民地區，過去有關於部落資源自主治理相關議題之討論與研究鮮少從原住民族土地問題切入，少數結合原住民族土地問題與部落資源自主治理者，研究場景也僅著重於原住民族單一族群內的自主治理組織發起與運作過程描述分析，至於在現實政經環境背景下，不同族群間自主治理的過程究竟該如何運作？以及藉由分析其運作過程產生的相關問題，進一步檢視現行原住民族自主治理部落土地資源之政策與地權及地用等相關法令規定者，尚乏相關論著。 本研究選取苗栗縣南庄鄉蓬萊村為實證研究對象，以Elinor Ostrom（1990）所提出的成功自主治理共用資源（common pool resources）八個設計原則（design principles）為檢驗基礎，分析蓬萊溪封溪護魚與八卦力民宿村部落土地資源自主治理制度設計成功與否、歸納制度脆弱或未成功的原因，並且透過社會關係網絡（social context）與取得權（access theory）等相關概念，分析兩案例之社會關係網絡與利益流樣態，以理解制度規範建構之互動過程與核心理由，發掘置於國家權力統治與資本主義貨幣經濟（cash economy）之現實場景下，原╱漢「多族群間」、以及「同族群內部」到「多族群間」自主治理部落土地資源之問題，並指出現行部落自主治理之地用與地權政策規劃與部落現實場景間之差距。 由實證案例分析可知，原住民族傳統部落組織的瓦解與重構過程中，原住民與平地人之間的政經稟賦差異加大，原住民族自主治理之立意往往被扭曲，平地人卻能掌控部落土地資源進而分享大部分之利得。此外，原住民族自主治理部落土地資源之政策走向，忽略漢人使用原住民族傳統領域土地亦有其特殊歷史背景或政策因素，是以在政策層面上當有再深入研究及通盤檢討之必要。而多族群間亦須放棄成見、加強溝通以謀求彼此共識，增加地方自主治理的社會資本，方可妥善管理部落土地資源，朝共同治理之目標邁進。 / The concept of indigenous resources self-governing has been promoted to the indigenous areas one after another. However, there have been few issues and studies about tribal resources self-governing observed from the viewpoint of indigenous land management. Even though minority of issues and studies link up indigenous land problems with tribal resources self-governing, their research background also only puts emphasis on the analysis of a single indigenous race, which describes the establishment of organization and operation for self-governing. How is the self-governing mechanism operated among different races under the realistic political and economical background? How is the self-governing policy of tribal land resources manipulated further? How are laws related to land ownership and land use implemented? All of these topics still lack correlative studies. Therefore, this research takes the tribe of the Penglai Village in Nanjhuang Township Miaoli County as an example, using eight design principles proposed by Elinor Ostrom (1990) to examine the case, which the Penglai stream blocking for fishing resources protection and the self-governing for tribal land resources in the Baguali B&B(bed-and-breakfast) village. The context of illustrations are: (1) analyzing whether the design of institution for the case is successful; (2) inducing the reason why institution is unsuccessful or weak; (3) analyzing the social context and benefit flows of the case to understand the interactive process and the core reason for the establishment of institution standard by the concept of social context and access theory; (4) finding the self-governing problems of tribal land resources among indigenous /Han multi-races(the case of Penglai River) and from one single race to multi-races(the case of Baguali B&B Village) under the realistic background of state right governing and cash economy of capitalism; and (5) pointing out the gap between the current land use and landownership policy plan for tribal self-governing and the realistic situation of tribe. By the analysis of the case, we can find that the disintegration and restructuring of the indigenous tribal organization because of the difference of the political and economical endowment from Han people results in the phenomenon, which the purpose of the indigenous tribe self-governing for land common pool resources has been twisted. In addition, the formulation of the self-governing policy for indigenous land resources ignores that the Han people using the indigenous traditional territory also have its special historical background or resulted from policy implementation. Therefore, it is necessary to study further and overall review, to strengthen the communication to seek a consensus among multi-races and to gain the social capital of local self-governing. In this way, it will be possible to manage the tribal land resources well and achieve the goal of common governance.

溫特森最新的實驗小說《魔力書》，以網際空間為喻，探討性自由與權力之間的關係；是一本因應千禧年而誕生的作品。故事中的主人翁阿里(Ali)，藉由答覆網上不知名的筆友，為讀者揭示女性主體及性慾自主的議題；作者巧妙地將自己擅長的詩意散文、新奇敘事體，融入哲學思維，與網際網路天馬行空的力量相結合。本論文旨在以宏觀哲學的角度分析女性各個不同時期的處境，並指出《魔力書》除了充溢智慧、想像、力量之外，是一本關切女性處境及主體的小說。 本論文以西蒙•波娃有關女性主體論述為主要理論架構。論文主體可分三部分。第一部分旨在分析權力關係的影響，並以書中網路外遇事件為例，彰顯出已婚女性受傳統意識型態箝制，失去性自主的契機。第二部分從敘事者的角度，以女性特有言說方式，持續探討女性情慾自主的議題。最後一部分處理敘事者不同形式的存在模式，並以宏觀角度分析，不同時期(神話、奇想、網際空間)女性主體的變化性。 對照四十年前的女性處境，處於科技時代的摩登女性仍然受制於傳統女性特質的制約，或是受到強勢意識型態所掌控。面對此情境，女性應藉由參與社會或政治活動，承擔起改變世界的責任，來確保個人主體性的完整；女性應對自我有更多的期許及要求。溫特森在《魔力書》中藉由答覆網路筆友的要求─「自由，給我一晚的自由」─其實真正探討的是確立女性主體性的重要概念。 / Winterson’s latest novel The PowerBook (2000) is an experimental work of fiction that uses the metaphor of cyberspace to portray the issue of sexual freedom and power, a book that greets the challenge of the new millennium in Winterson’s design. By answering to an unknown on-line correspondent’s need, the narrator and e-mail writer Ali explores the very issue on women’s subjectivity and the autonomy of femininity, adroitly connecting the power of the Internet (the imaginary and the virtual) with her poetic prose and inventive narrative in conjunction with philosophical significance. My thesis aims to start a complicated analysis of women’s different situations from a philosophical perspective. I think The PowerBook, invested with wisdom, imagination and power, is a book that concentrates on women’s situation and subjectivity. Simone de Beauvoir’s concept on women’s subjectivity constitutes the most important theoretical framework of my thesis. The main body of the thesis can be grouped into three parts. Firstly, I will probe the effect of power relations on a virtual forbidden love affair, manifesting that the married woman is manipulated by the patriarchal ideology so that she ultimately fails to fulfill her autonomy of femininity. Secondly, I will discuss, mainly in terms of a feminist discourse theory, the issue on the autonomy of femininity revealed in Ali’s narrative. Thirdly, the last section of the main body will not only deal with Ali’s various modes of existence, but also aim at exploring women’s selfhood in respect of myth, fantasy and cyberspace. By contrasting women’s situation at present with that almost forty years ago, I will show that modern women in the technological age are still either bound by the myth of femininity, or conditioned by dominant ideologies. Finally, I will conclude that modern women should not only act as independent subjects, but also demand more and expect more for themselves. By participating in social and political activities, they are able to take the responsibilities for improving the world. It can be interpreted that to answer to the correspondent’s need—“Freedom, just for one night”—is actually to examine the main subject on women’s existence in Winterson’s intention.

民國八十二年有線電視開放開始，新的有線電視新聞台紛紛成立，在這些電視新聞媒體工作的文字記者就有將近350人之多。而有線新聞專業電視台在競爭環境下，往往不願意培養內部的員工升遷，而是向外界挖角，因此電視台跳槽風氣盛，員工反而在內部晉升管道很小。過去國內的研究並沒有真正針對電視記者進行過全面廣泛的研究，筆者欲以本身的工作經驗結合學術研究，找出電視記者光鮮亮麗的外表下，工作滿足的程度如何影響他們的離職行為。 　　在本研究中，電視新聞從業人員是指在無線及有線電視台新聞部門工作的文字記者。本研究參考Spector發展的JSS量表，配合台灣電視新聞人員實際的工作狀況，並依據Alderfer（1972）發展的ERG工作滿足理論，採用下列36個題項，並將負面題項修正為正向題項來測量電視新聞人員的工作滿足程度，研究對象共約三百人左右進行普查，回收後有效問卷為229份。 　　本研究發現，大部分受訪者認為電視新聞工作是有挑戰性、工作有意義、可以在工作中獲得成就、喜歡現在的工作；但大部分電視記者對福利、薪資與升遷機會感到不滿意。而且本研究發現，從事新聞工作年資或在目前工作機構越久，越不滿意薪水與升遷機會，越認為工作自主性較低，對組織尊重程度也越低。 薪資越高的電視記者其離職意願與行為越高，可能因為薪資高的電視記者更想追求進一步的成就，例如升遷、更高的挑戰性，所以其離職意願和行為也會較高。有一半以上的電視記者工作滿足程度低，對離職後尋找替代性工作也沒有信心，雖然受訪者目前不太可能離職，但是離職意願卻很高，本研究建議，電視台內部應該有暢通的加薪與升遷管道，重新檢視新聞價值，合理的福利與工作時數等，才能避免新聞界人才流失的危機。

本研究主要目的在釐清教師專業自主權於教育法令層面之權責界線、暸解高雄市立國民中學教師專業自主權運用的現況、探討高雄市立國民中學教師專業自主權發揮的程度、分析不同背景因素的高雄市立國民中學教師於各專業自主權層面指標發揮程度的差異，最後依據研究結果，對提升高雄市立國民中學教師專業自主權的策略提出具體建議，供有關單位參考。本研究以2004學年度高雄市立國民中學現職合格教師為研究對象，並以對該學年度高雄市立25所國民中學、776名有加入教師會之現職合格教師進行問卷資料分析；另輔以訪談（共計6人）的方式了教師對自身專業自主權行使的理念、意見與建議。在資料分析上，主要採用描述性統計分析、獨立樣本t考驗分析、單因子變異數分析等方法。經研究結果與分析發現： 一、我國教育法規以保障教師課堂教學專業自主權為核心。 二、整體言，高雄市立國民中學教師的專業自主權達中等發揮程度，其中以「教師課堂教學專業自主權」的發揮度最高、「教師專業組織自主權」與「教師學校行政自主權」分別次之 三、高雄市立國民中學教師就「課堂教學專業自主權」具高等與中等專業自主度；「學校行政專業自主權」、「教師專業組織自主權」皆屬中等專業自主度。 四、高雄市立國民中學教師專業自主權整體面平均得分為男性教師顯著高於女性教師、兼主任職教師顯著高於非主任職者、有參與法定學校層級組織教師顯著高於未參加者、服務於小型學校教師顯著高於服務中大型學校者、年資26年以上教師顯著高於年資5年、11-15年者。 五、促進教師專業自主權之基本策略為穩固教師課堂教學專業地位、提昇教師組織專業形象、打造校園參與式決策文化、完備教師專業培育制度。 研究者根據文獻探討與研究結果發現，提出下列幾點建議： 一、健全與落實尊重教師專業自主權之法令體制。 二、教師應認清「專業」與「自主權」兩者相輔相成，瞭解自主須以責任為基礎。 三、規劃教學、法制與行政專業知能研習以達高教師專業自主權目標。 四、營造學校優質溝通管道，提高教師參與權能感。 五、鼓勵女性教師投入學校行政工作。 六、教師專業組織以發揮組織專業正向功能為目標。 七、教育行政機關應於教育內部事務扮演「法律監督與協助」角色。 八、建立教師專業評鑑機制以落實教師專業權力與效能。 九、針對研究主題、研究對象、研究變項與研究方法提出建議，作為後續相關主題研究之參考。 / The purposes of this study mainly confirm the right and duty to teacher professional autonomy in educational laws, understand the actual condition and explore the level of Kaohsiung city public junior high school teacher professional autonomy, and analyze different dimensions’ levels of Kaohsiung city public junior high school teacher professional autonomy from the view of teacher s’ different backgrounds. Finally, according to the study result, the writer gives some concrete advice to promote the city’s teacher professional autonomy for the department of educational administration for reference. The survey subjects included teachers from 25 public junior high school in Kaohsiung city in 2004 year, namely 776 qualified teachers who joint teacher professional unions were sampled copies of the questionnaire to be the investigation. And interviewing with 6 junior high school teachers is used to understand teachers’ opinions about professional autonomy. About the data analysis, the study use Frequency Distribution, T-test , One-way ANOVA, and Scheffé Method . The results of the study are as follows： A. The dimension of teaching professional autonomy is the key idea that Taiwan educational laws empower teachers. B. As far as the whole Kaohsiung city public junior high School teachers’ professional autonomy is concerned , it is middle level. The dimension of “ right and power to teacher teaching” gets the most high scores; the dimensions of “ power to teacher professional union” and “the power to school administrative autonomy” get lower scores separately in order. C. As far as the dimension of Kaohsiung city public junior high School teachers teaching professional autonomy is concerned, it achieves high and middle level; the dimensions of “the power to school administrative autonomy” and “teacher professional union” achieve middle level. D. From the viewpoint of whole average, male teachers’ average scores are higher than females’；teachers who hold a administrative staff, participate school-level organizations, serve in small size schools and work more than 26 years get higher scores than others who don’t hold the job , participate the ones, serve in middle and big size schools and work less than 5 years and 11-15 years. E. The basic strategies to facilitate teacher professional autonomy are to stable teacher’s professional status in teaching, promote the professional image of teacher unions, cultivate the school culture of participant-determining and establish good institution of teacher professional nurture. According to the literature and study result, following suggestions are offered： A. Continue to improve the established education law about the right and power to teacher professional autonomy. B. Understand “profession” and “autonomy” are to complement each other. And autonomy should take responsibility for basis . C. Design a series of programs about facilitating teachers’ professional knowledge in teaching, law and school administrative affairs to achieve high level of teacher professional autonomy. D. Create excellent communicative ways at school to promote teacher empowerment. E.Encourage female teachers to devote themselves to school administrative affairs. F.Teacher professional unions should take the role of developing positive function. G.The department of educational administration should play the law- supervising and law-helping role. H.Build teachers professional evaluation system to help teacher promote professional power and effectiveness. I.Base upon the results mentioned above, several suggestions about the study trends are made to further reference.

從實務面來看，總額支付制度（global budget）的施行絕非僅止於管制成本的手段，還必須觀照該管理的制度設計。畢竟制度不但能夠彙集各種資源，同時也成為資源使用的指標，影響行動者間的策略選項。另外，針對政策實施後的監控與評估檢討，也是修正制度與提升品質的反饋歷程。然而，學界與實務界在總額支付制度設計原則的研究卻十分有限，究其原因，重要的是主要集中於制度在實際的應用與效果，缺乏以一套適用的「方法」（methodology）來審視。誠如Elinor Ostrom所言，「政策分析家的工具箱有各式各樣的工具，但還缺乏一種具體明確的集體行動理論。」，共有資源管理的例子到處都有，但是分析家卻沒有很好的在理論上總結他們。他藉由制度分析與經驗實例，衍生出來的「制度設計原則」（Design principles），研究各種共有資源管理的問題：從不同類型的資源系統如灌溉系統、捕魚等自然資源或網路資源、財政預算等、到公共財制度研究等，都已經獲得豐碩的成果。本文的主要目標，就是在既有的理論基礎上，討論應用制度設計原則來進行「總額預算評估」的可能內容，並提出政策建議與後續研究的可能內容提出建議。 本文主要分為：（一）導論（二）文獻回顧與理論基礎（三）研究設計（四）中醫總額支付制度的演變（伍）中醫總額的自主管理（六）結論。希冀對學界或實務界在健保改革評估未來的發展，能有所啟發與助益。 / From the practice, global budget is not just the means to control cost, must also take the design of management into consideration. The institution not only can gather various kinds of resources, but also become the indexes, and influence the tactics among the persons who take action to select. Since a global budget married to fee-for-service payments directly analogous to a common-pool resources, we use a framework of design principles to explore the difference of outcomes of management, and to discuss the policy implications about institutional design and financial Incentives. Sincere as what Elinor Ostrom said, ' the policy analyst's box has many kinds of tools , but still lack a kind of concrete and clear collective action theory. ', example there are resource management in common everywhere, but it is the getting better to summarize they in theory. In addition, the “self-governing institutions” designed by each local medical association must be flexibly adapted to the context in which it is applied. To foster the cooperation among physicians, the medical associations of local level should also play the role to provide the institutional setting for collective participatory decision making. The medical associations of national level ought to change the financial incentives facing the physicians to induce the rational patterns of medical behavior so that the allocate efficiency of medical resource and effectiveness of global- budget management can be improved.

隨著中國在國際經濟與戰略地位的竄升，包括利率與匯率在內的中國貨幣當局政策作為不再僅僅只是該國內部事務而已，也會進一步影響到國際經濟的日常運行。本研究通過質性研究與量化研究交互運用的方式，詳盡分析2002年至2007年中國國際收支失衡對其貨幣政策自主性的影響；本研究從三層次分析中國貨幣政策自主性，包括中國外匯占款對其基礎貨幣發行的直接影響、中國貨幣當局各種貨幣政策工具之沖銷基礎貨幣效率、中國行政調控對降低未完全沖銷的基礎貨幣之於總體經濟暨資產市場的影響。本研究發現中國國際收支的持續順差業已嚴重侵蝕到中國貨幣當局所有三個層次的政策自主性；並且，在可預見的未來，只要中國政府不改變當前人民幣匯率體制與外匯管理制度，則中國貨幣當局可能會窮於應付這超額貨幣供給所衍生出的經濟失衡與泡沫化的危機。 / With the rapid rise of China’s international economic and strategic status, China’s monetary policy measures, including interest rates and foreign exchange rates, will not only be merely China’s internal affairs but also further influence international economic daily operation. This study comprehensively analyzes the impact of the disequilibrium of China’s balance of payments between 2002-2007 on its monetary policy autonomy through qualitative methodology and quantitative methodology. This study analyzes China’s monetary policy autonomy in three levels: the direct impact of China’s funds outstanding for foreign exchange on China’s base money supply, the effectiveness of China’s monetary policy instruments on the sterilization of its base money, the effectiveness of China’s administrative macroeconomic adjustment and control for reducing its non-sterilized base money supply on its macroeconomic and asset markets. This study concludes the continuous surplus of China’s balance of payments has seriously undermined China’s monetary policy autonomy in all three levels; in addition, in the foreseeable future, as long as the Chinese government would not change the current exchange rate regime and the mechanism of foreign exchange management, then China’s monetary authorities might be constantly swamped with the crises of economic disequilibrium and bubble stemmed from its monetary oversupply.

台灣已經進入投資理財的時代，大眾對於投資理財的興趣與參與度也漸形升高，由於財經雜誌的專業性質對於有意藉投資來理財的讀者影響頗鉅，財經媒體作為金融資訊發聲的重要管道之一，在報導的確實性與議題的設定上應該要負起極大的責任；財經雜誌記者對於財經議題的消息來源掌握與專業態度，反映在議題的呈現上也關乎一般大眾在投資理財的方向，和雜誌本身的可信度，其重要性非同小可。 此外，財經雜誌銷售率仍佔所有雜誌銷售量的十分之一以上，一旦專業性雜誌屈服於市場導向新聞的壓力時，將會直接影響記者的專業表現，無論是在議題設定、採訪報導與採訪人物選擇上，與傳統對專業新聞的認知都將造成極大衝突，衝擊新聞倫理。 本文研究以深度訪問的方式，首度訪問到目前台灣財經雜誌市場在書店及便利商店銷售量排行榜的前十名財經雜誌資深記者，透過他們在財經雜誌第一線的採訪經驗，深入了解財經雜誌在新聞產製過程中，對置入性行銷報導的處理態度與編輯室原則，以及財經雜誌記者接觸置入性行銷報導的程度。 本文研究發現，置入性行銷確實已經成為許多財經雜誌在追求廣告營收上重要的收入管道，同時也發現置入性行銷報導對財經雜誌記者在專業表現上確實產生諸多影響，這些影響所導致的結果不僅是記者對新聞工作的意義產生懷疑，也影響到財經雜誌在新聞報導上的公信力；同時也進一步呈現置入性行銷報導如何改變了目前財經雜誌的新聞產製生態。 　　大部分的新聞記者對於新聞工作還是充滿了憧憬與對新聞的理想，但是大部分的記者也表達對新聞工作的失望，認為財經雜誌有愈來愈商業化的傾向，所以離職或是換跑道的意願都頗高。本文研究建議，財經雜誌作為投資大眾在理財上的參考之一，應該更為謹慎維持新聞報導中立與價值，重新再思考新聞置入性行銷報導對新聞專業與記者可能造成的長遠影響，同時正視資深記者的價值與加強記者的新聞專業素養。 關鍵詞：財經雜誌、新聞置入性行銷、財經雜誌記者、專業自主權、專業表現 、新聞倫理

近年來台灣政府積極推動「營造英語生活環境行動方案」，再加上「國小英語課程」的實施，使得國小校園中充斥各種英語印刷文字佈置。本研究旨在了解這些校園英語環境印刷文字佈置之設計與成效及如何有效運用這些英語教學資源。 本研究對象來自於台北縣一國小九位教職員(其中包括四位行政人員和五位英語教師)以及622位三到六年級的學童。資料收集主要來源為訪談及問卷。收集的資料(主要採用描述性統計及卡方檢定)分別進行分析比較。 本研究主要的發現如下: 1.校園英語環境印刷文字佈置設計規劃主要由教育主管機關以及學校行政人員決定和負責。 2.英語教師參與校園英語環境印刷文字佈置設計規劃的程度會影響她們是否使用這些英文印刷文字進行教學的意願。 3.80%以上的受訪學生都注意到校園中的英語環境印刷文字佈置，也顯示高度的學習意願。但是由於多數英語教師未使用這些英語環境印刷文字於教學，這些校園英語環境印刷文字佈置對於學生英語學習幫助不明顯。 4.大部分的受訪者贊同校園中英語環境印刷文字佈置的必要性，並提出建議。 本研究有助於初步瞭解校園中英語環境印刷文字佈置的設計使用情形和成效。文末作者進一步提供英語環境印刷文字佈置設計和應用之相關建議，作為未來校園英語環境印刷文字佈置設計之參考。 / In Taiwan, with the policy of creating an English-friendly environment and new elementary school English curriculum, different kinds of environmental print (EP) such as English signs and English learning related posters can be seen in nearly every elementary school. It is important to have a clear idea about the effectiveness of elementary school’s environmental print (ESEP) and how to make use of ESEP. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the design of the ESEP and its effect in language learning and teaching. Participants of the study were nine school staff and 622 students sampled from the third grade to the sixth grade in one elementary school in Taipei county. Two sets of interviews and questionnaires were employed to collect data. Both qualitative analysis of interviews and quantitative statistical analysis (descriptive statistics focusing on frequency and percentage examination, and chi-square test) of the questionnaire were employed. The major findings are summarized as follows. First, the design of ESEP is primarily a top-down process. The educational authority and the school’s administrative staff directed the design of ESEP. Second, the degree of the involvement of the design of ESEP influenced English teachers’ willingness to conduct ESEP instruction. Third, more than 80% of the students noticed the existence of ESPE and showed high interest in learning about ESEP. However, without English teachers’ instruction, the effectiveness of ESEP in students’ language learning was not obvious. Fourth, most participants appreciated the existence of ESEP, and they gave suggestions for future ESEP development. Finally, some implications and suggestions for future research were discussed.

土地使用分區是否允許夜市相關業別的存在，是否違反土地使用分區規定，一直以來存有疑慮。現行臺灣法律中不論是土地法或都市計畫法，針對土地使用分區已訂定相關的規則與規章，主管機關亦頒布有管制準則及函令以資遵循，諷刺的是，夜市周邊的住戶與該夜市所撐起的商圈，為了個別的利益，爭吵、訴訟甚至於鬥毆的情況屢見不鮮。 本研究利用Ostrom (2014)所建立的自主管理理論，探討商圈內部在集體選擇過程，如何有效選擇管理既有住商混合商圈對環境的負面衝擊，並提出建立住商混合商圈街區管理模式之建議。透過文獻回顧、個案研究、與深度訪談，本研究成果顯示，師大商圈未來管理模式的策略有四個可能性：因地制宜模式的採用、社區居民與商圈商家共存共榮的期待、商圈組織自主管理運作機制的建立、以及公部門與商圈組織之間的協調溝通。 本研究在師大商圈土地分區管理機制上，為了同時增加土地使用效率及考慮社區居民的權益，平抑破壞商圈整體利益的個人利益，應可使用具彈性調整機制的土地分區管理，而彈性調整的依據，係可透過政府公部門、商圈內商家組織、社區組織三方面共同研擬，制定相關施行辦法。 / It is questionable for a long time that whether the permission of the business of night market within land zoning violates the regulations of zoning. Albeit relevant regulations of land zoning have been established and on acted, and enforced ironically, for pursuing individual profits and personal benefits, the residents and the vendors who inhabit in the business area have to face abundant disputes and litigations. The self-governance on common pool resource from Ostrom (2014) would be utilized to discuss the process of collective selection within business area, and to see how the effective management to deal with the negative impacts of mixed-use business area could be selected and eventually to raise a management model to cope with mixed-use business area. By literature review, case study, and interview, the four possible management models for NYNU commercial Area are: the management with local conditions, the collaborations between residents and vendors, the mechanism of self-governance in business organization, and the coordination and communication between the public and business organizations. Furthermore, basing upon the mechanism of the management of land zoning within NTNU Commercial Area, the elastic land zoning should be adopted to increase the effectiveness of land use and the rights and interests of residents. The basis of elastic management of land zoning can be established through the collaboration among the governments, business organization, and resident organization then.

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