科學管理的第一粒種籽，原是泰勒為了改進工業運作與效率所播進培育的。嗣經吉爾博瑞士、甘特、柯克等先進的繼續灌溉，費堯、福特、莫奈與雷萊等大師的相互闡揚，乃蔚為枝葉扶疏的完備體系。十九世紀末葉以來，政治思想丕變，由最少干涉的國家蛻為最多服務的政府，職權擴張，事務紛繁。有識之士乃致力於應用科學方法，提高行政效率，恢宏服務功能。遂將若干企業界管理人、財、事、物的技術，引用到政府作業的領域內，並作最佳程度的修正。威爾遜、古德諾、魏勞貝都是這方面的拓荒者。旋經後起者的努力耕耘，政府的抉擇採行，乃建立了今日的行政科學。由於企業經營受競爭因素的激勵，在實用的管理技術上，企業界總是跑在時代的前端。政府行政只能亦步亦趨□□就我國來說，績效預算的實施，綜合審計的採用，以迄設計計劃預算的提倡，可說都是企業管理方法應用到行政範疇的具體事例。中國國民黨第十次全國代表大會所通過的政治革新要項中，明確的規定，應以企業管理的精神推動行政管理。行政院研究發展考核委員會成立伊始，便推行目標管理，計劃評核術等在企業界卓著效能的管理工具。經濟部也於今年二月積極地展開了現代管理運動。言簡意賅的說，企業管理技術與政府作業方法的匯合，業已涌為波瀾壯闊的時代主流。 由於此種學術導向的啟示，筆者選擇了管理系統內有關物材部份的環節，對其作一番不僅適用於企業而亦能革新行政的管理物材的技術上的探究。因此，所使用的研究方法，是先將企業中管理物材所使用的技術法則，作有系統的分析，並比較其優劣得失，然後有秩序的排比組織起來，從有效管理的角度，選取其能普遍適用的基本要領與主要規範。進一步綜合其智珠精華。然後劃分章節作歸納式的敘述，使其成為行政機關或工商企業的物材管理上都可使用的技術智職體系。 分類工作被稱為科學之母，故拙文在第一章確立了物材管理技術的意義、研究目的與範圍後，便於第二章說明物材分類編號的方法及其推行步驟。俾能在萬千的物材中，提綱繫領、執簡馭繁，達到物材管理的鵠的。第三章是不論行政機關或工商企業，對於進行事業所需的各項物材，應有一個科學性的預測，然後根據預測編訂物材用量計劃，一般管理上稱為物材預算。古人說：「凡事豫則立，不豫則廢」。這是物材管理工作的方針，也是物材管理作業的起步。第四章是經費有了著落，自可進行採購。那麼，在常用的採購制度中，那一種最能興利除弊？圍標的成因及其防止，議價採購的現行規定，作業過程的追蹤考核，都是值得詳密研討的。第五章敘述存量管制的要議是減低成本。如果物材買得過多，不但浪費資金，而且佔用倉庫，都是有悖於管理經濟的，但存量過少又有斷檔誤事之虞。從而，存量最高到多少？最低到何度？何時訂貨？訂量多少方合經濟原則？定量或定期的管制方法的選用有無基準？以及金額綜合管制的模式，存量管制作業所用的表報格式，便都成了存量管制的重要內容。第六章指出物材進庫時，應經適當的驗收手續，藉免品質數量不符。物材領配的方式，物材用量的管制，在物材管理中亦是不可缺少的策略。第七章描寫存量管制雖是物材管理成敗的關鍵，但如何知悉物材的實際存量，必須根據確切可靠的存量紀錄。因此，以料帳為中心的會計作業，又成為物材管理情報系統的基本準據，這亦是應該特別注意的妙訣。第八章是有感於行政院為推動全面革新，依照行政三聯制的精神，建立了研究發展管制考核的制度，隨時督導追蹤，探幽索隱，發掘缺點，作為工作改進的南針。物材管理的績效，亦應厲行考核，藉能收到反饋作用的效果。第九章是展望物材管理的發展趨勢，將由部門服務走向全面綜合，平實穩健走向成就主義，經驗法則走向管理科學，並提出我國物材管理的革新方向作改進的商榷，俾能迎接第二次工業革命所賦予的使命。 筆者資質魯鈍，疑業公共行政研究所歷時五年，深深感激諸位師長的懇切教誨，同學的規勸鼓勵，尤其張師明誠，對筆者不僅有學術上的傳授，在做人風範上亦有無與倫比的陶冶力量。拙文寫作期間，承雷師飛龍在百忙中賜予珍貴的指導，雖一字之微，亦有所匡正，使筆者獲益良多，諸此師恩深厚，當永誌不忘，謹在此致崇高的敬禮。陳庚金學長惠借數種絕版參考書，使內容充實不少，也於此致衷誠的感謝。

本研究以2002至2004年，23家計68筆資料完整之台灣專營期貨商為研究對象。採用二階段研究方式進行。首先，利用資料包絡分析法投入導向模型評估每家期貨商之經營效率；然後，以複迴歸模型探討可能造成期貨商之間獲利率差異的影響因素。 技術效率評估結果顯示：（一）在不同投入產出組合下，期貨商整體的技術效率平均值介於82.70﹪與88.16﹪之間，代表台灣專營期貨商在投入資源運用上之改善空間仍相當大。在產出不變下，平均而言，可以節省11.84%至17.30%的資源使用量。（二）規模效率平均值近乎於1，顯示造成其技術無效率之原因，主要歸咎於資源浪費。複迴歸實證結果顯示，（一）技術效率與獲利率為正向關係。（二）營業家數與獲利率為正向關係。（三）交易輔助人家數與獲利率為負向關係。（四）是否從事自營業務與獲利率為正向關係。（五）錯帳佔總營收比率與獲利率為正向關係。（六）是否具證券商背景與獲利率為正向關係。 依據實証結果，針對專營期貨商提高獲利率的經營策略建議如下： 一、 經營策略上應做下列項目調整 (一)凸顯企業的差異化，增加業務的附加值 (二)重視顧問業務，轉型為知識型服務業 (三)低利潤、低風險的管理思維 (四)規劃網路業務，強化未來競爭的利器 (五)跳脫經紀業務的窠臼，爭取集團綜效（synergy）的產生 二、 管理能力上應做下列項目的改進 (一)強化領導素質 (二)建立標準作業程序加強流程管理 關鍵字：期貨商、技術效率、獲利率

進入知識經濟時代，專利對企業重要性與日俱增，所以要如何將企業或個人的技術變成有價值的專利，這就必須要靠技術加值的配合才能完成。成功案例譬如已轉型為提供技術與服務的電腦大廠IBM，以及擁有大量專利技術的鴻海科技。本研究想瞭解這些企業技術加值的成功經驗是否適用於其他新創公司與研究機構。 本研究針對一個只擁有少量專利的新創公司，以及一個已有豐富專利授權合作的成熟機構，藉由以往企業技術加值專利管理的成功經驗與相關文獻探討原理，透過分析個案背景，研究該個案所面臨的環境，找尋該個案是否在專利管理上還有能改進的地方，並依照專利管理模式提出專利管理的建議。本研究之目的在於以我們所提出的分析和專利管理的建議，提供在台灣的中小企業，或是已有授權經驗的成熟機構在實行專利管理規劃時作為參考，並著手進行適合自己的專利管理規劃。 本研究發現專利管理的策略是與企業成長週期有關，在不同的成長時期應有不同的專利管理策略。但無論何時都需實行專利管理規劃，讓專利管理可以促進技術加值活動，帶給企業更多利潤。而我們可從專利分析知道專利趨勢、競爭對手與潛在被授權人的專利策略，也可以得到研發上的啟發，用以進行專利佈局與專利組合策略。再由市場結構與關係網絡，檢視其潛在市場與關係人結構是否能支撐其專利行銷策略與專利授權。 / Entering the era of knowledge economy, patents have become more and more important to the enterprises. But to make patents valuable, it has to rely on the effort of patent management to turn individuals’ or companies’ techniques into valuable properties. One successful example of patent management is former PC industry emperor --- IBM, where it has became a very profitable technology and service provider now. Another outstanding example is HonHai Technology Group, which already possessed a huge amount of patents. This thesis is meant to find out if these successful experiences in patent management can be applied into other start-up companies and research organizations. In this thesis, we took a start-up company which only has few patents, and a mature organization that already had plentiful patent licensing experience. From the past success in patent management and related principles, we sorted out the theories and discussed them. Through case analysis, we realized what circumstance the case company has encountered, and then we discussed the possible strategies to improve its patent management. At last, we proposed the suggestions of patent management for the case based on patent management model. The purpose of this thesis is to provide the analysis and suggestion about patent management for Taiwan companies to develop the proper strategy of their own. We propose that the strategy of patent management is related to business growth pattern. We should use different patent management method in different growth period. However, it is necessary to plot the plan of patent management anytime, that can accelerate the prosperity of patent management, and it will also bring fortune to the enterprises. By patent analysis, we can realize the trend of technology, the patent management strategy of the competitors and possible assignees. Companies may also get inspired by patent management for their technology research, and then apply the innovations into its strategy of patent development. From the analysis of market structure and relationship network, companies can further verify if the potential market and network is sufficient to support their patent marketing and patent licensing.

廬隱、蕭紅去世至今已六、七十年了，兩人以女性特有的細膩觀察，加上獨具的才華，寫出超越時空的不朽篇章。從二0年代到三0年代，自「文學革命」到「革命文學」，兩位一生流離，敏感深情的女作家，在筆下各自展延出屬於她們自身與時代的標記，也展現出各自不同的熠熠豐華。 本論文第一章說明研究此論文的動機、目的，並將廬隱、蕭紅兩人的成長經歷、性格、時代背景、文風、作品主題和生平作一比較介紹。 第二章介紹廬隱、蕭紅兩人所處的時代背景，以及這大環境給兩人的小說帶來什麼影響。 第三章主要著墨於探討廬隱小說個人獨具的藝術魅力，分析她小說特有的藝術風格。廬隱的小說廣泛運用日記和書信的形式，這一點在「五四」小說家中是首屈一指的，堪稱為日記書信體的專家。強烈的主觀抒情，濃郁的傷感，是廬隱小說的基調，具有豐富的文化內涵。 第四章主要在探討蕭紅小說的藝術魅力，何以過了這麼久，她的小說依舊為人所喜愛。蕭紅對小說的創作有獨到的見解，認為一個有出息的作家，在創作上應該走自己的路，有自己的文學表達方式。蕭紅小說採用自傳體，充滿詩的意境，連語言、韻律、節奏都詩化，充滿濃厚的感情色彩。 第五章是針對廬隱、蕭紅這兩位女作家藝術風格的同異之處加以比較。兩人的相同處在於彼此都善用抒情筆法，將自己的生平遭逢溶入筆下的人物之中，同具自敘傳風格。廬隱、蕭紅書寫的人物大多以女性為主，主要在突顯出女性在男權社會中所遭遇的不公平待遇。廬隱、蕭紅透過這些不幸的女性的經歷，展現出兩人的女性意識以及對芸芸眾生的悲憫。廬隱、蕭紅藝術風格的相異之處則在於兩人寫作表現的差異。廬隱採以日記體和書信體的文體，用第一人稱的表達方式將處於新舊交接的女性悲哀抒發出來。蕭紅致力於建構一種介於散文和小說之間的特殊文體，在敘事、寫景、狀物中融入深情。集散文筆法、抒情詩手法、繪畫技法於一體，運用兒童視角，營造優美的意境，創造出令人驚奇的蕭紅體抒情小說。 第六章針對前五章論文，提綱挈領的作一總結，並提出此論文未來可再延伸、拓展的願景。

歷來相關研究對《莊子》的儒者形象，已存有既定的見解。這些定見所衍生的種種觀念，往往充斥於人們的認知之中，習以為常，猶不自覺。作者引論首先從對真偽認知的觀點，挑戰此種慣性思維，透過假說、立論、辨析、反思的過程，指出過往缺憾，從而攫取原貌。 作者以歷代莊學注疏作為解析包含儒者身影的四十五則對話，以蘭克以後的各種史學理論薰染儒者形象變化、彌存之邊界遷移軌跡，打破以單一人物、原書篇目為單位的架構，將對話內容劃歸三種主題呈現：其一、道術；其二、名實；其三、命與天道。 綜論中的三項議題與前四章互為表裡，是本文範圍的延伸論述，從形象的虛實，到莊、孔(道、儒)關係的古老課題之中，並追述司馬遷、朱熹、林希逸等人物面對《莊子》的心態及立場，建立一種相互理解的空間。作者並不作出優劣之分或高下之別，一切是非對錯本是相生共存。 這是一種對此古老問題的新型論述，同時，也是對過往舊說的總合。 / Historically there are already existed decided views about that Confucianism image of Zhaung–zi. These views have flooded in people's cognition, and they were used to know without thinking. For this reason, this article has had to put a query at these views. It is a way to catch the facts through analyzing and the study of predecessors. The author not only analyzes forty-five conversations of Confucianism image in historical annotations of Zhaung-zi but adopts theories that the opposite of Ranke to explain the changes of Confucianism image. This thesis could be separated into three parts. The first part is about Tao between Zhaung -zi and Confucianism, it includes two chapters. The second part is about a name must be have its actual content or not. In the third part, the author tries to discuss Destiny and tian Dao. The three subjects of synthetic discussion and four chapters are a form with each other inside. They are extensions of this thesis. It includes image of reality and purely imagination, and the interaction between Confucianism and Taoism. In the ancient issues, we could figure out their mindset and position about Si-Ma-Gian、Chu-His、Lin-His-I. And we could communicate with each other. The author doesn't declare which one is correct or incorrect. All of the right and wrong or true and false get coexistence mutually. This is a new treatise on the ancient problem, on the other hand, it will be the aggregation of the discussion of the end.

銷售技術諮詢服務給台灣微軟的合作伙伴與客戶 / Since the late 1990’s, Microsoft IT has been putting a great deal of effort into transforming its globally decentralized organization into to a highly centralized one. From years of experience in executing IT projects and initiatives, the organization has acquired extensive technical competency and competitive strength in managing global IT operations. As part of this global organization, Microsoft Taiwan IT team has also evolved from functioning in a purely operational role to playing a strategically important role in the local subsidiary. As Microsoft IT continues to seek new business opportunities that enable it to sell its technical expertise more aggressively to external customers, Microsoft Taiwan IT team as well as its regional headquarter managers are looking for creative and practical ideas to expand its business to any high potential areas. This thesis consists of three sections: a business plan for launching a new IT technical service to external customers, a case study of Microsoft IT’s transformation during the last decade, and a final discussion and conclusion about the feasibility of implementing the business plan. Firstly, the proposed business plan uses the author’s work experience in Microsoft IT to elaborate on a practical business model, its business scope, and the necessary steps of launching a new IT technical service to external business partners and customers in Taiwan. Secondly, the case study describes Microsoft IT’s role at different stages in its history by using the IT Strategic Grid to identify each stage of the organization’s transformation and further identifies the root causes of Microsoft IT’s past success and failure in its efforts to explore new external business opportunities. The conclusion uses Porter’s Five Forces Analysis to identify the current market situation and provide suggestions for Microsoft Taiwan IT organization in preparation for launching this new business plan. In addition to secondary information collected from the Microsoft and other internet websites, a few interviews were also conducted with several Microsoft Regional IT former and incumbent staff members to collect authentic information for the history and background section presented in the case study. A survey was also used to get feedback from local business partners and identify their interest in the proposed IT Technical Advisory service. Keyword List: Decentralized organization, centralized organization, supportive role, global direction, technical service, transformation, new business opportunities, stages, history background, analysis, market situation, suggestion.

This paper analyzes the behavior of moving average and trading range break technical trading rules applied to two developed markets of Hong Kong, Japan and five emerging markets such as Malaysia, Philippines, South Korea, Thailand and Taiwan. The samples cover the period from January 1990 to December 2008. We utilize some technical trading rules by replicating the framework of Brock et al. (1992) to explore whether we can also predict the stock price movement and make excess profits on certain trading rules with different efficiency level in Asian stock markets.On average, as far as the volatility results are concerned, we also obtain the same conclusion as Brock et al. (1992) that the returns following buy signals are less volatile than returns following sell signals. The FMA rules have the same conclusion as VMA rules that these rules have predictability in the five emerging markets. Unlike VMA and FMA trading rules, we find that the TRB rules are not quite successful in South Korea stock market anymore but still have greater forecast power in Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Taiwan. Moreover, we can also notice that most of the seven Asian stock markets averages across all rules are generating excess negative returns in the presence of real estimated transaction costs. / This paper analyzes the behavior of moving average and trading range break technical trading rules applied to two developed markets of Hong Kong, Japan and five emerging markets such as Malaysia, Philippines, South Korea, Thailand and Taiwan. The samples cover the period from January 1990 to December 2008. We utilize some technical trading rules by replicating the framework of Brock et al. (1992) to explore whether we can also predict the stock price movement and make excess profits on certain trading rules with different efficiency level in Asian stock markets.On average, as far as the volatility results are concerned, we also obtain the same conclusion as Brock et al. (1992) that the returns following buy signals are less volatile than returns following sell signals. The FMA rules have the same conclusion as VMA rules that these rules have predictability in the five emerging markets. Unlike VMA and FMA trading rules, we find that the TRB rules are not quite successful in South Korea stock market anymore but still have greater forecast power in Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Taiwan. Moreover, we can also notice that most of the seven Asian stock markets averages across all rules are generating excess negative returns in the presence of real estimated transaction costs.

本研究以新台幣外匯市場中美元、日幣、英鎊、加幣、與韓元兌新台幣匯率為研究目標，使用四種簡單技術分析建構交易法則，分別為濾嘴法則、移動平均法則、支撐與壓力法則、與通道法則，並改變其參數成為總數1796種的交易法則。對新台幣外匯市場採取以下三種測試：全樣本測試，Brock，Lankonishok，& LeBaron（1992）的子樣本期間測試，以及Lo & Mackinlay（1990）提出的樣本外測試。並使用White（2000）與Hansen（2005）提出的檢定，探討資料窺視問題（data snooping bias）以及交易法則的真實獲利能力。 從實證中發現，本研究並沒有找到一個能夠在新台幣外匯市場上所有匯率都適用的交易法則，也就是說，投資者必須根據不同的市場做探討分析，選擇不同的最佳交易法則。 另外， 美元兌新台幣匯率市場能夠找到最佳交易法則而獲得顯著的超額報酬。而日幣、英鎊、加幣、與韓元等四個外匯市場，所找到的最佳交易法則可能僅止為最適合解釋這段歷史資料的交易法則，最佳交易法則並不具有顯著的獲利能力。White檢定與Hansen檢定計算的p值在前後期增減互見，且數據都不顯著，並沒有如過去文獻一般出現市場越來越有效率的看法。 最後，實證結果顯示White檢定的確是有偏差的情況出現，而如此數據差異之大，會影響到結論的判斷，這也讓我們對White檢定的檢定力產生疑問，並肯定Hansen檢定修正的必要性，並建議往後的研究可以Hansen檢定作為檢定基礎即可。

本論文以Quincy Wright與David A. Baldwin的以「經濟」作為「外交政策」的工具－經濟權術（Economic Statecraft）來分析新加坡在1990年代至現今在中國大陸的四個園區計畫。由於其中牽涉到新加坡對外經略的作為，並且帶有實質外交意涵，因此本論文將此稱作為新加坡對中國大陸的「園區外交」。自1978年中國大陸實施改革開放以來，「政左經右」成為中共戮力於中國大陸整體發展的道路，並且中國大陸的改革開放影響區域/國際體系。新加坡雖然相對於區域體系是個小國，但是她在區域/國際體系上合縱連橫，並且她的歷屆領導人均對中國大陸進行過「園區外交」，本論文即是探討整體園區外交的內涵與脈絡，以及其達成的外交效益。最後，不同於傳統上以現實主義理論分析新加坡外交政策，本論文嘗試從避險的角度進行解釋。

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