京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(教育学) / 甲第24351号 / 教博第281号 / 新制||教||214(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院教育学研究科教育科学専攻 / (主査)教授 飯吉 透, 教授 杉本 均, 教授 南部 広孝 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Education) / Kyoto University / DGAM

1990年代學術圖書館面對內部與外部環境的競爭壓力與革新趨勢，圖書館聯盟的觀念與需求又再度受重視。本研究主要以1990年代興起且以電子資源共享為合作主軸的圖書館聯盟組織為研究範圍。採用個案研究法，選擇美國OhioLINK聯盟、大陸地區CALIS聯盟及國內CONCERT聯盟作為個案研究對象。 本研究目的旨在探討1990年代電子資源共享圖書館聯盟的營運特質、合作服務議題、營運策略規劃及營運模式。主要研究結果與貢獻：提出1990年代新興電子資源共享圖書館聯盟之策略規劃模式及營運模式架構，可作為圖書館聯盟實務營運規劃時之參考。電子資源共享圖書館聯盟營運模式包含三大營運構面、20項構面要件，以及14項合作服務項目及11項行動策略項目。 1.營運構面，包括：組織背景與資源、組織活動與成果，以及組織策略與管理等三大構面； 2.構面要件，包括：緣起背景與合作動機、聯盟會員、組織結構、組織資源、組織經費、技術與資訊基礎建設、服務對象與層級、合作服務項目、活動成果、外部環境評估與內部組織檢測、需求評鑑、共同願景、使命宣言、核心價值、任務目標、行動方案、領導管理、核心議題管理、組織變革，以及組織評鑑等20項； 3.合作服務項目，包括：資訊資源硬體/軟體合作開發及標準化發展、合作採購、合作館藏發展、合作典藏與管理、聯合合作編目、聯合目錄、館際互借、文獻傳遞、線上合作參考諮詢服務、教育訓練、技術支援、諮詢與顧問指導、數位化圖書館服務與管理，以及遠距學習與服務等14項； 4.行動策略項目，包括：強調關鍵技術或能力之轉移、強調資源有效分配、擴大資訊取用途徑、共同談判與合作協議、重視使用權處理與合約管理、強調市場合作策略、強調對內與對外夥伴關係之建立、重視行銷推廣、凝聚會員共識與組織承諾、擁有高度管理統籌權，以及強調成本效益分析等11項。 本研究建議：一為建議政府相關部會建立全國電子資源共享之總資源規劃與分配策略，以有效整合聯盟資源並進行整體化建設。同時，建立全國圖書館聯盟管理中心、編列專款預算科目、健全圖書館聯盟組織結構與功能發展以提昇聯盟營運效能；二為建議國內學術圖書館聯盟擴大資源共享合作服務範圍與夥伴關係經營範疇，以創造聯盟組織最大經濟效益。同時，重視領導管理與決策品質，並且建立組織營運績效衡量機制；三則呼籲凝聚聯盟會員的共識與團隊力，共同建立聯盟組織的自主性與自發性營運功能，將有限資源發揮最大效益。 / In the 1990s, academic libraries were faced with pressure to compete and a tendency towards renovation. The concept and demands of library consortium once again received serious attention. This study’s research scope is the rise and development of electronic resources sharing for cooperation with main library consortium organizations in the 1990s. The method of case study was used, and the United States’ OhioLINK, Mainland China’s CALIS, and the domestic CONCERT were used as the case research subjects. The purpose of this research is to investigate the special characteristics of the operation of electronic resources sharing library consortium during the 1990s and their cooperative service issues, strategic planning, and modes of operation. The primary research results and contributions addressed the structure of strategic planning and modes of operation for electronic resources sharing library consortium in the 1990s. This can then be used as a reference for when library consortium does practical service and operations planning. The modes of electronic resources sharing library consortium include: 1.Operational Structure: The three big aspects are background and resources of organizations, activities and achievements, and strategies and management. 2.There are twenty items of important structural documents: origins of backgrounds and motives for cooperation, consortium members, organization’s structure, organization’s resources, organization’s expenses, establishment of information foundations, service targets, cooperative service items, activities and achievements, evaluations of the external environment and examinations of internal organizations, demand reviews, common hopes and expectations, mission declarations, core value, assignment objectives, movement plans, leadership management, management of core issues, organization transformations, and reviews of organizations. 3.The cooperative service items include these 14 items: cooperative development and standardized development of information resource hardware and software, joint purchases, cooperative collection development, cooperative catalogues, union catalogs, interlibrary loans, document delivery, online reference desk services, education and training, technical support, advice and consulting guidance, digital library services and management, and distance learning and services. 4.The 11 items of movement strategy include: emphasizing the transfer of key technologies and abilities, emphasizing effective resource distribution, expanding access to resources, joint licensing and joint agreements, placing importance on using power to cope and contractual management, emphasizing market cooperation strategies, emphasizing the establishment of internal and external companion relationships, placing importance on popularizing sales, cohering to the members’ common consensus and organization agreements, possessing high level management powers for overall planning, and emphasizing cost-benefit analysis. This study recommends: 1.) In order to establish head resource planning and distribution strategies for nation-wide electronic resource sharing, establish nation-wide library consortium management centers, line up funding, and make sturdy library consortium organizational structures and capabilities. 2.) In order to make recommendations for the cooperative service scope and companion relationship operation categories of CONCERT expanded resource sharing, place importance upon leadership management and the quality of policy making. In addition, establish a measurement system for organization operation results. 3.) Appeal for the coherence to the common consensus of consortium members. Collectively establish the operational capability of consortium organizations to be autonomous and spontaneous to bring limited resources into full play with the greatest possible results.

隨著高等教育的大眾化發展，臺灣與法國的大學招生制度經過幾次變革，以期滿足招生需求。大學學位不僅是學歷的一紙證明，更是臺灣與法國高等教育標準化歷程的體現。從高中過渡到大學，是每個學生學術生涯中關鍵且費神的階段，並與未來的成功息息相關。因此，無論在臺灣或法國，學生高中階段的學術能力測驗至關重要，可謂從青春期過渡到成年期的重要指標。學術能力測驗成績影響著絕大多數畢業生的大學申請和錄取機會。雖然臺灣和法國有不少關於兩國大學教育的研究，但對於高中學生進入大學前的學術能力測驗甚少探討。本研究旨在探討臺、法國大學申請的入學先決條件和要求，以期進一步瞭解大學入學機制。本研究透過對臺灣和法國大學系統中錄取要求，如臺灣的先修課程測驗和法國的一般入學要求等規定進行對比分析，找出各自的優缺點。研究方法包括文獻綜述，以及對兩國高中生進行問卷調查和深度訪談。研究發現，目前兩國的大學入學系統的主要難題之一是缺乏相應的學術指導機制。臺灣方面在於過分強調大學入學考試測驗，法國則與之相反，學生因為過高的升學率而缺乏學習動機。本研究建議，今後臺法兩國如何面對高教入學機會中重新出現的不公與文憑貶值等新挑戰，是雙方大學入學體系需要解決的共同問題。 / With the massification of their higher education systems, Taiwan and France have experienced several changes in their college admission processes in order to meet the increasing demand of enrollment into higher education. A university degree has become more than just a certificate of academic achievement but a normalized process in Taiwan and France. The transition from high school to university has become a pivotal yet nerve-racking period in a student’s academic career and is considered as one of the most crucial factor of the student’s future success. In Taiwan and France, the academic abilities of students tested during the senior high school are the most important and significant indicators of students’ transition from adolescence to adulthood. It leads a vast majority of graduates to apply to university and to undertake college admission process. Although several studies have been done in Taiwan and France, only few have previously analyzed a student’s journey through the college admission process in the two countries. The current study intends to investigate the prerequisites and requirements that college applicants in Taiwan and France are required to meet in order to access the college and university systems. By comparing and analyzing the massification of the two systems, as well as Taiwan and France college admission’s requirements such as the Scholastic Ability Test and the Advanced Subjects Test in Taiwan, and the French General Baccalaureate; the study seeks to identify the crucial pro and cons that arise in each system in order to give recommendations on improvements that can be made. Data has been collected through literature reviews, in-depth interviews as well as surveys among former senior high school students in both countries. The results of the present study show that one of the main dilemmas of today’s education systems is the lack of academic guidance. While one of the main problems of Taiwanese education is its emphasis on testing, France education, on the contrary, is facing issues due to its excessive accessibility of universities which leads students to enroll in degrees without real motivations behind their choice. The shift of inequalities in educational opportunities is also one of the new concerns that Taiwanese and French education systems are facing as well as the depreciation of diplomas.

人力資源發展研究所（IHRD）是由亞齊政府委託負責管理獎學金計劃的機構。該計劃的目的是為提高人力資源技能以及提高生活水平。 IHRD與台灣精英來台留學計劃辦公室（ESIT）建立了合作關係，以便計劃的順利進行。 ESIT是隸屬台灣教育部且具有代表性機構。其成立的主要是為台灣與包括印度尼西亞在內的其他東南亞國家之間提供更多必要的服務。教育在個人發展中起著重要作用。此外，教育是每個人的基本權利，是任何國家未來的關鍵。教育投資除了可以使人們擁有良好的健康，激勵自主和提供更好的就業選擇，教育資源的投資亦可以幫助建立更和諧的社會。教育不足在公共支出、犯罪、健康和經濟成長等方面產生高昂社會成本。作者主要的研究主題為這種高等教育合作關係是否可能成為讓亞齊與台灣的雙邊關係更為緊密的一個方式。在這麼做同時，作者使用了一些輔助工具，包含檢查工作績效、政策實施、IHRD與ESIT一起運行此獎學金計劃的管理系統。此外，還進行了專家案例研究，為本研究提供了深入和實務分析。該研究發現，目前獎學金計劃不僅透過給予獲獎者體驗海外留學生活機會有效增加亞齊的教育標準，還通過這個高等教育合作對亞齊和台灣之間的雙邊關係帶來了很多好處。 / Institute of Human Resource Development (IHRD) is an institution commissioned right under the Governor of Aceh to manage the scholarship program. The aim of this program is to improve the human resource skill as well as to increase the living standard. IHRD has established the cooperation with Elite Study In Taiwan (ESIT) in order to run this program well. ESIT is a representative institution under the Ministry of Education in Taiwan. Its purpose is to provide necessary services for the higher cooperation which exists between Taiwan and other Southeast Asian countries, including Indonesia. Education plays an importance role in one’s development. Also, education is a fundamental right for everyone and key to the future of any country. Investment in education can put people on a path towards good health, empowerment and employment as well as it can help to build more peaceful societies. Inadequate education produces high costs for society in terms of public spending, crime, health, and economic growth. The author is particularly interested to study whether or not more on this higher education cooperation may become a mean in order to tighten the bilateral relations between Aceh and Taiwan. In doing so, a secondary approach has been utilized by examining work performances, implemented policies, and administrative system of IHRD in running this scholarship program together with ESIT. In addition, an expert case study has been conducted to show case an in depth and practical analysis for this research. The study finds out that current scholarship program is not only effective to increase the education standard of Aceh by giving the awardees chance to experience to study overseas, but also bring a number of benefits toward the bilateral relationship between Aceh and Taiwan through this higher education cooperation.

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(B)(1) 課題番号:14310120 研究代表者:大塚 豊 研究期間:2002-2003年度

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C)(2) 課題番号:11610256 研究代表者:大塚 豊 研究期間:1999-2001年度

本研究的主要目的是考察印尼學生在他們的學生組織中如何扮演促進印尼與台灣之間關係的角色。本論文用公共外交的概念與分析框架，以作者在台就學之便親身參與各項印尼學生組織活動的經驗觀察所得，結合相關的文獻分析，最後發現，印尼學生在促進印台關係中扮演三種角色：1. 強化兩國人民的關係；2. 增進彼此的瞭解；3. 提升了兩國彼此在對方民眾與社會中的能見度與形象。而印尼學生之所以可以在台灣非穆斯林社會達到這樣的成果，主要歸功於：1. 印尼社群的互助傳統（gotong-royong）變成他們在台灣推動組織工作的社會資本；2. 在台灣的印尼移工與學生社群對這些服務的需求；3. 駐台北印尼經濟貿易辦公室、台灣政府以及各個大學學務單位的多方的支持與協助。 / The main objective of this study is to examine the role Indonesian students in Indonesian student organizations in Taiwan have played in enhancing the relationship between Indonesia and Taiwan. This thesis explores and details some of the activities of Indonesian students as they study in Taiwan, and examines how these activities have contributed to bridging and increasing the volume of people-to-people relations between the two countries, as well as how the associations and their activities have indirectly enhanced mutual understanding between Taiwanese and Indonesians. This thesis adopts the new public diplomacy and relational public diplomacy framework. Some data were collected during the researcher’s participation in Indonesian student associations and activities. Other data were gathered via discussion with several prominent Indonesian student association leaders. For the document analysis, this research uses Indonesian student organization document reports, Indonesia and Taiwan government reports, statistical data, newspapers, and websites. This thesis suggests that there are three roles Indonesian students play in bridging the relationship between Indonesia and Taiwan: (1) strengthening people-to-people relations (2) bridging mutual understanding (3) increase visibility and positive image. In addition, this thesis shows that there are three factors leading Indonesian students to establish their associations and conduct their activities: (1) their tradition of communal work (gotong-royong) as social capital (2) the demands of Indonesian migrant workers and students (3) support from various institutions, such as the Indonesian government especially IETO, universities, and the Taiwan government. The three factors are important and they are related to each other. Because of the three factors, Indonesian students can carry out their activities.

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C)(A) 課題番号:09610263 研究代表者:大塚 豊 研究期間:1997-1998年度

Bis es im 19. Jahrhundert in die globale Peripherie abgedrängt wurde, war China selbst Zentrum eines ostasiatischen Weltsystems. Seither versucht das „Reich der Mitte“ die frühere Zentrumsposition innerhalb des modernen Weltsystems wiederzuerlangen. Hochschulbildung, ein ausländischer Import des späten 19. Jahrhunderts, dient der Modernisierung des Landes und spielt eine wichtige Rolle im Nationswerdungsprozess des Landes. In der jüngsten Vergangenheit fanden Veränderungen enormen Ausmaßes im chinesischen Hochschulsystem statt. Offizielle Forschungs- und Innovationsdaten deuten auf einen raschen Aufschluss Chinas an die Leistungen westlicher Industrienationen hin. Gemäß der Zielvorgaben der Entscheidungsträger in der Bildungspolitik hat die VR China nicht nur einen Aufholkurs, sondern einen Überholkurs eingeschlagen. China ist nicht mehr nur das wichtigste Herkunftsland für international mobile Studierende, sondern es will auch zu einem der wichtigsten Gastländer werden. Neue Stipendienprogramme (incoming wie outgoing) und Programme zur Rückgewinnung chinesischer Talente aus dem Ausland wurden eingerichtet. Zahlreiche internationale Kooperationsprogramme bieten „ausländische Bildung” innerhalb chinesischer Grenzen als Bereicherung des nationalen Bildungsangebots an. Gleichzeitig strebt China zunehmend danach eigene nationale Bildungsangebote am Weltbildungsmarkt zu etablieren. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt einen Beitrag zur Positionsbestimmung Chinas im globalen Kontext dar. Zu diesem Zweck wurden statistische Daten durch Aussagen aus semi-strukturierten narrativen Interviews mit Akademikern und Entscheidungsträgern der chinesischen Hochschulbildung ergänzt. Die meisten befragten Experten arbeiten an einer von drei strukturell sehr unterschiedlichen chinesischen Hochschule, die dieser Arbeit als Fallbeispiele dienen. Bei den Fallbeispielen handelt es sich um die Tsinghua-Universität, die Qiqihar-Universität und die Xi’an Jiaotong Liverpool University. / China used to be a core country within an East-Asian world-system but was forced into periphery status during the 19th century. Ever since China strives to regain its former core position within the modern world-system. University education, a foreign import of the late 19th century, has become an important tool for China’s endeavor for modernization and nation building. In recent years the Chinese higher education landscape was subject to gigantic changes. Official research and innovation data seem to indicate a rapid affiliation with the achievements of western industrialized nations. Following the agenda of decision-makers in educational policy in the People’s Republic, the suggested course of action would be to overtake, not just to catch up: By 2020 technology imports should sink to under 30 per cent; in the same year China would like to receive a half million international students and thus become not only the most important sending country for international students, but also an important host country. New scholarship programs (incoming and outgoing) as well as programs to recover Chinese talent from abroad, were established. A multitude of international cooperation programs have been created to provide “foreign education“ within Chinese borders to further enrich the Chinese landscape of higher education. At the same time China also urges to establish its own brand of higher education abroad. This dissertation represents a contribution to determine the position of Chinese higher education within its global context. Statistical data is completed by semi-structured narrative interviews with academics and decision makers in Chinese higher education. Most interviewees are working at one of three structurally quite different institutions of higher education in China that serve as case studies in the thesis: Tsinghua University, Qiqihar University and Xi’an Jiaotong Liverpool University.