La religiosità e i processi di auto-identificazione di giovani con background musulmano in Occidente soggiacciono a una doppia dinamica: da un lato, essi devono misurarsi con una narrazione negativa che dipinge l’Islam come “altro” e “diverso”; dall’altro, la loro religione subisce un processo di deculturazione (Roy 2004), ovvero lo scollegamento tra cultura e Islam in contesto di emigrazione. Sulla base di uno studio qualitativo, (60 interviste biografiche e osservazione partecipante) condotto in due città italiane (Milano e Torino), la tesi indaga come giovani con background musulmano articolino la loro appartenenza religiosa attraverso le loro pratiche quotidiane (Ammerman 2007), comparando in particolare giovani attivi nel mondo associativo religioso (impegnati in particolare come volontari o staff del ramo italiano dell’organizzazione umanitaria Islamic Relief) e giovani non interessati al coinvolgimento in organizzazioni religiose. La ricerca esamina così le pratiche religiose, nonché le risorse impiegate per la costruzione della propria identità, tra giovani musulmani “iper-visibili” (pubblicamente attivi e devoti - Jeldtoft 2013) e “non-visibili” (i cui sentimenti di appartenenza alla comunità di riferimento sono meno ovvi) sviluppando una tipologia di “riflessività religiosa” ed esplorando forme di visibilizzazione e invisibilizzazione della religiosità. / In Western countries, the religiosity and self-identification of youths with a Muslim background is shaped by a double dynamic: on one hand, they face negative discourses that cast Islam as “Different” and “Other”; on the other, their religion undergoes a process of deculturation (Roy 2004) - that is, the disconnection between culture and Islam in contexts of emigration. On the basis of a qualitative study (60 in-depth interviews and participant observation) carried out in two Italian cities (Milan and Turin), this thesis investigates how Italian descendants of Muslim migrants articulate and live their religious belonging, by analysing the “everyday lived religion” (Ammerman 2007) of youths acting as volunteers or staff members in the Italian branch of Islamic Relief (the largest Sunni international humanitarian NGOs) and of youths who are not active or involved in any religious or ethnic/national organisation. Hence, the study examines how feelings of religiosity and resources mobilized for identity-building differ between “hyper-visible” young Muslims - i.e. publicly active, vocal and devout (Jeldtoft 2013) - and “non-visible” ones - who have less of an obvious group bound. The study develops a typology of different forms of “religious reflexivity” and explores forms of visible and invisible religiosity.

[ES] El calentamiento global, y el cambio climático (CC) que produce, es una de las amenazas más globales y urgentes de las que es responsable la humanidad. El desafío de mitigar y adaptarse a la CC, entre otros, es una responsabilidad que ha alcanzado a todas las disciplinas, incluyendo el proceso de investigación e innovación. Durante más de 10 años, y como una forma de abordar estos grandes desafíos de nuestro tiempo, con la intención de fomentar la investigación responsable, la Comisión Europea ha estado promoviendo una temática transversal llamada: "Investigación e innovación responsable (RRI, en sus siglas en inglés)". El objetivo es sacar a la luz los problemas relacionados con la investigación y la innovación, anticipar sus consecuencias y hacer participar a la sociedad en el debate sobre la forma en que la ciencia y la tecnología pueden contribuir a crear el tipo de mundo y de sociedad que deseamos para las generaciones futuras. Esta tesis surge como un puente entre el gran desafío que representa el CC y la demanda por parte de la sociedad de investigación e innovación responsable, abordada en el contexto de la RRI. Los financiadores e impulsores de la investigación y la sociedad en su conjunto esperan que los equipos de investigación e innovación proporcionen resultados socialmente deseables, éticamente aceptables y sostenibles. Por lo tanto, la pregunta general que se responde en esta tesis es: ¿cómo sabe un equipo de investigación, sin ser especialista en evaluación ambiental, si su investigación es responsable de emisiones contribuyentes al cambio climático, y cómo puede incluir medidas para reducir o compensar esas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI)? Para responder a esta pregunta, la presente tesis doctoral inicia con la descripción de los principales fundamentos que son centrales en ella: CC y RRI. En lo que respecta al primer concepto, explicamos la importancia y los medios para calcular la contribución al CC, principalmente el enfoque de la Huella de Carbono. En lo que respecta al segundo concepto, se explica la alineación de esta tesis el área clave de la sostenibilidad ambiental de la RRI, sus marcos sustantivos y sus dimensiones de anticipación y reflexividad. Una vez establecidos estos dos fundamentos, el cambio climático se aborda en el contexto de la RRI, revisando la literatura sobre los proyectos y propuestas de la RRI, incluyendo la sostenibilidad ambiental, y el CC en particular. Como resultado, surgieron dos avenidas de investigación, que se desarrollan en las siguientes secciones. Una avenida sobre cómo evaluar la influencia de las partes interesadas en un proyecto de investigación en el contexto de la RRI, desarrollada en el capítulo 3, y una avenida sobre la necesidad de nuevas herramientas basadas en bases de datos de acceso abierto para ayudar a los profesionales a integrar la prevención del CC en sus actividades de I + D. El capítulo 4, presenta el diseño de una novedosa herramienta con un algoritmo didáctico para la medición anticipada de la huella de carbono en los proyectos de investigación e innovación. Esta herramienta permite a los investigadores que no tienen formación en evaluación del impacto ambiental estimar las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de sus proyectos de investigación e innovación en las primeras etapas, momento en el que la anticipación y la reflexividad son las dimensiones fundamentales de la RRI. / [CA] L'escalfament global, i el canvi climàtic (CC) que produeix, és una de les amenaces més globals i urgents de les que és responsable la humanitat. El desafiament de mitigar i adaptar-se a la CC, entre d'altres, és una responsabilitat que ha arribat a totes les disciplines, incloent el procés de recerca i innovació. Durant més de 10 anys, i com una forma d'abordar aquests grans desafiaments del nostre temps, amb la intenció de fomentar la investigació responsable, la Comissió Europea ha estat promovent una temàtica transversal anomenada: "Recerca i innovació responsable (RRI, en seves sigles en anglès)". L'objectiu és treure a la llum els problemes relacionats amb la investigació i la innovació, anticipar les seves conseqüències i fer participar la societat en el debat sobre la forma en què la ciència i la tecnologia poden contribuir a crear el tipus de món i de societat que desitgem per a les generacions futures. Aquesta tesi sorgeix com un pont entre el gran desafiament que representa el CC i la demanda per part de la societat d'investigació i innovació responsable, abordada en el context de la RRI. Els finançadors i impulsors de la investigació i la societat en el seu conjunt esperen que els equips de recerca i innovació proporcionin resultats socialment desitjables, èticament acceptables i sostenibles. Per tant, la pregunta general que respon a aquesta tesi és: com sap un equip d'investigació, sense ser especialista en avaluació ambiental, si la seva investigació és responsable d'emissions contribuents a el canvi climàtic, i com pot incloure mesures per reduir o compensar aquestes emissions de gasos d'efecte hivernacle (GEH)? Per respondre a aquesta pregunta, la present tesi doctoral s'inicia amb la descripció dels principals fonaments que són centrals en ella CC i RRI. Pel que fa a el primer concepte, expliquem la importància i els mitjans per calcular la contribució a l'CC, principalment l'enfocament de la Petjada de Carboni. Pel que fa a el segon concepte, s'explica l'alineació d'aquesta tesi l'àrea clau de la sostenibilitat ambiental de la RRI, els seus marcs substantius i les seves dimensions d'anticipació i reflexivitat. Un cop establerts aquests dos fonaments, el canvi climàtic s'aborda en el context de la RRI, revisant la literatura sobre els projectes i propostes de la RRI, incloent la sostenibilitat ambiental, i el CC en particular. Com a resultat, van sorgir dues avingudes de recerca, que es desenvolupen en les següents seccions. Una avinguda sobre com avaluar la influència de les parts interessades en un projecte d'investigació en el context de la RRI, desenvolupada en el capítol 3, i una avinguda sobre la necessitat de noves eines basades en bases de dades d'accés obert per ajudar els professionals a integrar la prevenció de CC en les seves activitats d'R + d. El capítol 4, presenta el disseny d'una nova eina amb un algoritme didàctic per al mesurament anticipada de la petjada de carboni en els projectes de recerca i innovació. Aquesta eina permet als investigadors que no tenen formació en avaluació de l'impacte ambiental estimar les emissions de gasos d'efecte hivernacle dels seus projectes de recerca i innovació en les primeres etapes, moment en el qual l'anticipació i la reflexivitat són les dimensions fonamentals de la RRI. / [EN] Global Warming, and the climate change (CC) it produces, is one of the most global and urgent threats humankinds is responsible for. The challenge of mitigating and adapting to CC, among others, is a responsibility that has reached all disciplines, including the research and innovation (R&I) process. For more than 10 years, and as a way to tackle these great challenges of our time, with the intention of fostering responsible research, the European Commission has been promoting a cross-cutting issue named: "Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI)". The aim is to bring the problems (such as research integrity, non-inclusion of stakeholders, application of ethical or sustainability principles, etc.,.) related to R&I to light, to anticipate the possible consequences of R&I process and outcomes, and to engage society in the discussion of how science and technology can help create the kind of world and society we want for generations to come. This thesis emerges as a bridge between the great challenge represented by CC and the demand for responsibility from R&I process and outcomes, addressed in the context of RRI. Research funders and society as a whole claim that R&I teams must provide socially desirable, ethically acceptable, and sustainable outcomes. Hence, the general question to be answered in this thesis is: how does a research team, while not being specialists, know if its research is responsible for relevant contributions to CC, and how can they include measures to reduce or compensate such contributions (Greenhouse Gas emissions, GHG)? To respond to this question, the present dissertation begins with the main foundations that are central to it: CC and RRI. As regards the former concept, we explain the importance and means to calculate the contribution of GHG to CC, mainly the carbon footprint approach. In addition, regarding the latter, how this thesis aligns with the key RRIs' area of environmental sustainability, its substantive frameworks and its anticipation and reflexivity dimensions. Once these two foundations are established, CC is addressed in the context of RRI, reviewing the literature on RRI projects and proposals, which include environmental sustainability, and CC in particular. As a result, two avenues of research arise, which are developed in the following sections. An avenue about how to assess the stakeholders' influence in a research project within the context of RRI, which is developed in chapter 3, and an avenue about the need for new tools based on open-access databases to help practitioners to integrate CC prevention in their R&I activities. Chapter 4 presents the design of a novel tool with a didactic algorithm for anticipatory carbon footprint measuring in R&I projects. This tool allows researchers who are untrained in environmental impact assessment to estimate the greenhouse gas emissions of their R&I projects at early stages, when anticipation and reflexivity are the core RRI dimensions. / Ligardo Herrera, IE. (2021). Addressing Climate Change in Research and Innovation Projects. A Tool for Anticipatory Carbon Footprint Calculation [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/165867 / TESIS

Cette thèse présente les résultats d'expérimentations visant à mettre en évidence des mécaniques de jeu utiles pour aider le joueur à développer une posture plus réflexive sur la manière dont il prend une décision. Notre approche consiste à mettre le joueur en défaut en exploitant ses biais de raisonnement, permettant dans un second temps de l’amener à mieux cerner ses processus décisionnels. A ce titre, nous cherchons à placer le joueur en excès de confiance dans le cadre spécifique d'un jeu vidéo. Pour mesurer le comportement, le joueur doit utiliser un outil intégré au déroulement de la partie : un système de mise au travers duquel il renseigne sa confiance en ses chances de succès. Deux jeux spécifiques ont été développés en vue de mesurer l’influence des biais sur la confiance du joueur : un se focalise sur l’influence des biais d’ancrage et de confirmation, l’autre sur l’influence du biais de l'effet difficile / facile d’autre part. / This thesis introduces the results of experiments testing specific game mechanics to help the players to develop reflective decision making. Our approach is, firstly, to bias the players’ judgment. Then, through the bias awareness, we want to help them to have a better understanding about their judgment processes. To do this, we try to place the player in an overconfident state while playing video games. To measure their behavior, the players must use an integrated tool to the game progression: a bet system through which they assess on their confidence in their chances of success. Two games were developed to measure the influence of the biases on the confidence of the player: one focusing on the effect of anchoring and confirmation biases, another one on the hard / easy effect.

Empirical research studies that focus on the experiences of Latinas in executive leadership are limited. In its entirety, workforce research has overlooked how social and cultural experiences influence this group’s leadership development. This gap in research has failed to uplift the Latina executive voice and their achievements. Addressing this gap has the potential to influence distinctive workforce practices and future scholarship. Utilizing an asset-based perspective, this study presents counter narratives that intentionally focus on exploring Latina leaders’ voices. The importance of intersectional experience and social identities illustrate non-monolithic, yet aligned, experiences among study participants. This foundational dissertation explored mentoring phenomena through a qualitative study with Latina, nonprofit, chief executive officers (CEO) in the State of California as protégés. The nonprofit racial leadership gap provided context for the high number of Latinas/os in California relative to the minimal number of Latinas holding executive positions. This context warranted a necessary exploration into how mentoring experiences positively influenced Latina leadership development (LLD) so that findings may be replicated for future practice. A hermeneutic phenomenological research design maintained participant engagement which explored two key research questions: 1. What are the salient characteristics of quality mentoring relationships for Latina nonprofit executive leaders in California 2. How have quality mentoring relationships influenced Latina leaders’ sense of self-efficacy and leadership development? Data were collected via demographic questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and researcher field notes. Participants included 10 Latina CEOs of California nonprofit organizations. They represented all five regions of the state. Study findings demonstrated that:(a) mentoring relationship type evolved over time, b) a constellation of mentors were integral to leadership growth, c) mentors supported expressions of authenticity and LLD, d) mentor-protégé match suitability acted as a sphere of influence, and e) peer mentoring promoted a sense of openness and vulnerability. Findings revealed that quality mentoring relationships encouraged participant leadership development that positively impacted executive self-efficacy and retention. Recommendations are presented that further support Latina executive leaders’ development. Four recommendations are presented for formal and informal mentoring practices, and two proposals are offered for future mentoring research that extends the foundational work of this study. Furthermore, a researcher journal was maintained throughout the duration of this study. The journal led to the development of a researcher self-reflexivity process model. This model illustrated how researcher positionality evolved from insider-to-outsider, yet sustained researcher-participant engagement from pre-data collection through data analysis that reconciled pre-suppositions, interpretations, and meaning-making. This study represents the richness found in stories that have been minimally included in empirical literature. It offers implications for the value of uplifting voices to enhance leadership practice and future research.

. a. by the plurality of "worlds" the players operate in, and pertinent plurality of roles adopted frame analysis (see Fine 2002), describes three of these "worlds of meaning": the frame of the "the frame of the storytellers". Ad playing games resemble "storytelling events" (Georges 1969), and how this fact differentiates this genre from "classical" games. This framework broadens the understating of players d with the storyteller's agenda and expectations linked to this role. This unique form gaming world in the primary framework of the "real"

The object of the study was the professional identity of students in the psychological areas of the university. The subject of the study was the relationship between professional identity and personal qualities of students. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (110 sources) and an appendix, which includes forms of the methods used. The volume of the master's thesis is 88 pages, which contain 11 figures and 11 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problem, sets the goal and objectives of the study, defines the object and subject of the study, formulates the main and additional hypotheses, indicates the methods and empirical base, as well as the stages of the study, scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of theoretical foundations for the study of student professional identity. Sections devoted to the study of the concepts of identity, psychological well-being, reflexivity, self-organization, resilience are presented. The conclusions on the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It presents a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained by all the methods used: the Questionnaire of the professional identity of psychology students by U. S. Rodygina, the scale of psychological well-being by K. Riff, the questionnaire of reflexivity by A. V. Karpov, the questionnaire of self-organization of activity by N. Feather and M. Bond, methodology for studying the motivation of a professional career E. Shane, S. Muddy's hardiness test. The chapter also presents a correlation analysis of the results of the study. Chapter 2's conclusions include the main findings of the empirical study. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as conclusions on them, are summarized, the practical significance of the study is substantiated, and possible prospects for further development of this issue are described. / Объектом исследования явилась профессиональная идентичность студентов психологических направлений университета. Предметом исследования стала взаимосвязь профессиональной идентичности и личностных качеств студентов. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (110 источников) и приложения, включающего в себя бланки применявшихся методик. Объем магистерской диссертации 88 страниц, на которых размещены 11 рисунков и 11 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная и дополнительные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме теоретических оснований исследования профессиональной идентичности студент. Представлены разделы, посвященные исследованию понятий идентичность, психологическое благополучие, рефлексивность, самоорганизация, жизнестойкость. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: Опроснику профессиональной идентичности студентов-психологов У. С. Родыгиной, шкале психологического благополучия К. Рифф, опроснику рефлексивности А. В. Карпова, опроснику самоорганизации деятельности Н. Физер и М. Бонд, методике изучения мотивации профессиональной карьеры Э. Шейна, тесту жизнестойкости С. Мадди. Также в главе представлен корреляционный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по ним, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики.

Объектом исследования является эмпатические способности и рефлексивность. Предметом исследования является различия в уровне выраженности эмпатических способностей и рефлексивности между игроками, предпочитающими одиночные и командные компьютерные игры. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (77 источников) и приложений, включающих в себя изображения теоретических исследований, таблицы описательных статистик, подсчёта нормальности распределения шкал и бланки применявшихся методик. Объем магистерской диссертации составил 119 страниц, на которых размещены 39 рисунков и 35 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируется основная гипотеза, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя исследование российской и зарубежной литературы и ресурсов на тему эмпатических способностей, рефлексивности, цифровой среды и компьютерных игр. Представлены имеющиеся на данный момент в России и за рубежом исследования психологических особенностей геймеров. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: тест рефлексивности А.В. Карпова, многофакторный опросник эмпатии М. Дэвиса, торонтская алекситимическая шкала, тест межличностных отношений Лири. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутой гипотезе, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object matter of the study is empathic abilities and reflexivity. The subject of the study is the differences in the level of expressiveness of empathic abilities and reflexivity between players who prefer single and team computer games. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of literature (77 sources) and an appendix, which includes images of theoretical studies, tables of descriptive statistics, calculation of the normality of the distribution of scales and forms of the methods used. The volume of the master's thesis was 119 pages, which contain 39 figures and 35 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problematics, sets the goal and objectives of the research, defines the object and subject of research, formulates the main hypothesis, indicates the methods and empirical base, as well as scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a study of Russian and foreign literature and resources on empathic abilities, reflexivity, the digital environment and computer games. Presented are currently available in Russia and abroad studies of the psychological characteristics of gamers. The conclusions on the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It presents a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained by all the methods used: the reflexivity test of A.V. Karpova, M. Davis' multifactorial empathy questionnaire, Toronto alexithymic scale, Leary's test of interpersonal relationships. Conclusions on the second chapter include the main findings of the empirical study. In the conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are summarized, as well as conclusions on the hypothesis put forward, the practical significance of the study is substantiated, and possible prospects for further development of this issue are described.

Problématique : Alors que l’on connaît depuis plusieurs décennies les conséquences dramatiques des injustices sociales sur la santé, il existe un profond problème d’application des connaissances pour informer les pratiques et/ou les politiques. Au-delà d’un manque de prise en compte des connaissances pour l’action, il semblerait que la difficulté à lutter contre les inégalités soit plutôt liée à l’enracinement des systèmes de production et d’utilisation des connaissances dans des structures injustes. Approche théorique et cadre conceptuel : Cette thèse s’inscrit dans la quatrième vague de recherche sur le transfert de connaissances qui consiste à mieux comprendre les caractéristiques sociales des connaissances. En d’autres mots, il s’agit d’intégrer une approche d’épistémologie sociale dans la recherche sur le transfert de connaissances. Nous nous intéressons spécifiquement au concept d’oppression épistémique qui consiste en la répétition dans la durée de trois degrés d’exclusions épistémiques. L’exclusion de troisième degré représente un mode de vie épistémique qui est dirigé par des groupes sociaux dominants, qui ne permet pas de prendre en compte d’autres systèmes de pensée et de connaissances que les leurs. L’exclusion de second degré est le fait, pour des individus déjà opprimés socialement, de devoir utiliser des ressources qui ne sont pas les leurs, pour pouvoir participer à la construction de nouvelles ressources communes dans ce système. L’exclusion de premier degré concerne l’impossibilité, pour des individus, d’être considéré comme des « connaisseur·ses » du fait de préjugés à leur encontre. Cette thèse vise à analyser comment les pratiques quotidiennes et le contexte de la santé mondiale favorisent une oppression épistémique. Méthodologie : Nous étudions trois phénomènes correspondant aux trois degrés d’exclusion épistémique, en suivant une échelle d’analyse à trois niveaux (macroscopique, mésoscopique, microscopique) qui rappellent les trois branches de l’épistémologie sociale (système, groupe, individus). Pour cela, nous étudions en premier lieu la construction d’une ressource épistémique commune en santé mondiale à un niveau macroscopique : la couverture santé universelle (CSU) grâce à une revue critique des écrits. En deuxième lieu, nous étudions l’appropriation de cette ressource épistémique à un niveau mésoscopique, et la manière dont un groupe de scientifiques prend ou non en compte des voix dissidentes, en promouvant une définition différente de la CSU. Pour cela, nous réalisons une étude de cas d’un programme de recherches interventionnelles sur la CSU. En troisième lieu, nous étudions le rôle de la source des connaissances sur leur perception grâce à une expérimentation en santé mondiale. Résultats : À travers l’avènement de la CSU, nous observons la présence d’un pouvoir productif qui, tout en donnant l’impression d’une approche ancrée dans les droits humains et inclusive, favorise une conception marchande de la santé, menée par un « centre » de la santé mondiale. Nous avons également observé que l’appropriation de la CSU dans un programme de recherches interventionnelles n’a pas permis de créer une définition dissidente de la CSU. Plusieurs alliances épistémiques, c’est-à-dire des affiliations entre membres partageant la même orientation des études pour analyser la CSU sont apparues : une alliance santé publique, une alliance économique, une alliance anthropologique et une alliance critique. Cette dernière, qui proposait une réflexion globale sur la déconstruction et la gouvernance de la CSU, a été manquée, du fait d’inégalités concomitantes. Enfin, nous avons pu voir à un niveau microscopique que le « messager » peut être plus important que le « message » et participer à invisibiliser ou diminuer certaines voix dans la gouvernance globale en santé. Discussion et valeur ajoutée de la thèse : Les trois degrés d’exclusion épistémiques peuvent s’entrevoir de façon complémentaire. Du fait de la proximité des mondes scientifique et politique, et de la volonté de produire des connaissances pour l’action en santé mondiale, l’avènement de la CSU peut influencer la manière dont les scientifiques s’approprient ce concept. Cela peut limiter les possibilités de diversité épistémique et favoriser l’exclusion de certaines voix. À l’inverse, le sentiment d’exclusion peut conduire à se limiter dans sa contribution intellectuelle. Partant du postulat dont chacun·e de nous peut participer à changer les structures qui créent les injustices, en résistant à l’oppression épistémique, nous proposons un continuum d’actions pour lutter contre les inégalités dans la gouvernance globale en santé. / Background: The dramatic consequences of social injustice on health have been known for several decades, but social injustice also has an impact on knowledge translation. Rather than relating to a lack of knowledge uptake for action, the difficulty in addressing inequalities connects to knowledge production and use systems rooted in unjust structures. Theoretical approach and conceptual framework: This thesis aims to better understand the social characteristics of knowledge, and explores the integration of a social epistemology approach into knowledge translation research. We specifically focus on epistemic oppression, which consists of the repetition over time of three types of mutually reinforced epistemic exclusion. One type applies to an epistemic way of life led by dominant social groups, who prevent new systems of thought and knowledge, different from their own, to surface. A second type relates to socially oppressed individuals who must use resources they do not own to contribute to the construction of new common resources within the dominant system. The last type of epistemic exclusion consists of the impossibility of individuals being recognized as "knowers" because of prejudices that make them appear illegitimate. This thesis aims to analyze how everyday practices and the global health context foster epistemic oppression. Methodology: We study three processes, each related to a type of epistemic exclusion and following a three-level scale of analysis (macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic), which also covers the three branches of social epistemology (system, group and individual). First, we focus on the construction of an epistemic resource in global health at a macroscopic level, namely, universal health coverage (UHC), through a critical review of the literature. Secondly, we study the appropriation of this epistemic resource at a mesoscopic level, and how a group allows or does not allow dissenting voices, thus promoting a different definition of UHC. To this end, we conduct a case study of an interventional research program on UHC. Finally, we elaborate on the role of knowledge sources on the perception of knowledge through an experiment in global health. Results: The case of UHC demonstrates the existence of a productive power that, while giving the impression of an inclusive human approach, favours a market-based conception of health led by a global health "centre". We also observed that the appropriation of UHC in an interventional research program did not create a dissident; unorthodox definition of UHC. Several epistemic alliances (i.e. affiliations between members sharing the same orientation of studies to analyse UHC), emerged: a public health alliance, an economic alliance, an anthropological alliance, and a critical alliance. The latter, which suggested a global reflection on the deconstruction and governance of the UHC, did not occur because of concomitant inequalities. Finally, at a microscopic level, we showed that the "messenger" can be more important than the "message" when disseminating knowledge. Discussion and research value: The three types of epistemic exclusion can be read complementarily. Due to the proximity of the scientific and political worlds, and the desire to produce knowledge for action in global health, the social construction of UHC may influence how scientists appropriate this concept. It may limit the possibilities of epistemic diversity, and thus promoting the exclusion of some voices and points of view. A feeling of exclusion can, in turn, lead to self-limitation. Based on the premise that everyone can contribute to changing the structures that create injustice by resisting epistemic oppression, we propose a continuum of actions to address inequalities in global health governance.

Cette recherche vise à cerner la complexité du concept du soi (heauton) dans la philosophie stoïcienne de l’empereur Marc Aurèle. Dans un premier temps, il s’agira de poser les bases de la physique stoïcienne qui nous permettent de saisir le paradoxe de l’existence d’individualités singulières au sein du grand Tout universel. Nous étudierons, pour ce faire, la théorie corporéiste stoïcienne ainsi que les concepts d’idia poiotês et d’oikeiôsis forgés par l’ancien stoïcisme, mais aussi la prohairesis épictéenne. Cela nous conduira à traiter du concept d’hêgemonikon central dans la conception du soi chez Marc Aurèle. Dans un deuxième temps, nous aborderons les caractéristiques de la partie dirigeante de l’âme par l’entremise de l’étude des disciplines du soi et de son altérité intérieure. Ainsi nous verrons comment le soi ne se présente pas comme un donné fixe, mais comme un espace relationnel en développement constant. Finalement, nous nous pencherons sur la question de la construction du soi, ce qui nous mènera à considérer l’importance du travail sur soi pour l’empereur Marc Aurèle. La problématique qui guidera notre recherche est celle qui vise à saisir ce qui constitue essentiellement le soi alors que celui-ci se présente comme un espace en aménagement constant, ouvert à l’altérité et qui n’est pas donné une fois pour toutes, mais construit. / This research aims to identify the complexity of the concept of the self in the Stoic philosophy of Emperor Marcus Aurelius. First, we will lay the bases of Stoic physics which allow us to grasp the paradox of the existence of singular individualities within the great universal Whole. To do this, we will study the Stoic corporeist theory as well as the concepts of idia poiotês and oikeiôsis forged by ancient Stoicism, but also the Epictean prohairesis. This will lead us to address the concept of hêgemonikon which is central in the conception of the self for Marcus Aurelius. Secondly, we will approach the characteristics of the ruling part of the soul through the study of the disciplines of the self and its interior otherness. Thus, we will see how the self is not a fixed datum, but a relational space in constant evolution. Finally, we will address the question of self-construction, which will lead us to consider the importance of the work on oneself for Emperor Marcus Aurelius. The question that will guide our research is to grasp what essentially constitutes the self when it is presented as a space in constant development, open to otherness and which is not given once and for all but constructed.

While the concepts and imagery presented here are not autobiographical, there is no way to fully detach lived experience from the process of making and theorizing this work. And although its impetus is a lifelong journey of healing, the focus here is transforming the inhabitance of trauma into an awareness of embodied presence. From a space of reflexivity, Inhabitance asks you to come back to your body through heart-minded creative action. This practice-based interdisciplinary methodology integrates the emancipatory powers of women and gender studies, consciousness studies and art. Through this hybrid approach, Inhabitance creates space for reconciling an imposed fracture between the sensory and cognitive aspects of our lives to rewrite the restrictive narrative that trauma can hold over both. / Doctor of Philosophy / While the concepts and imagery presented here are not autobiographical, there is no way to fully detach lived experience from the process of making and theorizing this work. And although its impetus is a lifelong journey of healing, the focus here is transforming the inhabitance of trauma into an awareness of embodied presence. From a space of reflexivity, Inhabitance asks you to come back to your body through heart-minded creative action. This practice-based interdisciplinary methodology integrates the emancipatory powers of women and gender studies, consciousness studies and art. Through this hybrid approach, Inhabitance creates space for reconciling an imposed fracture between the sensory and cognitive aspects of our lives to rewrite the restrictive narrative that trauma can hold over both.