Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-04-10T12:01:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCOS AUR?LIO BEHRENS.pdf: 3872179 bytes, checksum: edb54d47e1f7953187e4e8675003302b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T12:01:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCOS AUR?LIO BEHRENS.pdf: 3872179 bytes, checksum: edb54d47e1f7953187e4e8675003302b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-08 / The objective of this work is to monitor the electrical equipment of a production line, aiming at monitoring in real time the state of the operation of the monitored machines, allowing the accomplishment of equipment management and early detection of operational deviations and faults. The developed system performs the measurement of the effective electric current through monitored equipment, use a network of sensors connected to a data concentrator module, which in turn performs the intermediate storage, the preliminary treatment of the data and the subsequent send an Internet platform of Things (Internet of Things - IoT). The preliminary treatment of data for analysis of the time series of values of electric currents to obtain an initial evaluation of the state of operation of the monitored machine. Then, the pre-processed information is sent via the internet, a usage platform for term storage, post-processing and real-time visualization of the data by users of interest. In the data platform, the data is formatted for visualization and evaluation of the users, allowing the presentation of alerts and knowledge when deviations are detected in relation to the normal operational parameters. When a current consumption behavior deviation is detected, correlating a potential failure type, the system signals additional information to a User's interest group (to the supervisor of the production line, for example), which in a planned manner, proceeds to some intervention without equipment, without prejudice of the production. The availability of the full-time series of stored data as well as the history of occurrences recorded throughout the use of the monitoring system but is still looking for correlations between data of other origins and nature, and the interpretation of the same data under other perspectives beyond the operation or maintenance of the machine. The monitoring system proposed in this work allows to provide a minimum of automation in old machines and opens the possibility of independent, parallel and non-intrusive monitoring in machines that already have a modern supervisory system. An industry that achieves the goal of making all its production equipment fully monitored is credited to take the next step towards Industry 4.0. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um sistema de monitoramento de equipamentos el?tricos de uma linha de produ??o, visando o acompanhamento em tempo real do estado de opera??o das m?quinas monitoradas, permitindo a realiza??o da gest?o de opera??o desses equipamentos e a detec??o antecipada de desvios operacionais e de falhas. O sistema desenvolvido realiza a medi??o da corrente el?trica eficaz consumida pelos equipamentos monitorados, utilizando uma rede de sensores conectados a um m?dulo concentrador de dados, que por sua vez realiza o armazenamento intermedi?rio, o tratamento preliminar dos dados e o posterior envio a uma plataforma de Internet da Coisas (Internet of Things - IoT). O tratamento preliminar de dados visa ? an?lise da s?rie temporal dos valores das correntes el?tricas com o fim de obter uma avalia??o inicial do estado de opera??o da m?quina monitorada. Em seguida, essas informa??es pr?-processadas s?o enviadas via internet a uma plataforma de IoT com o objetivo de armazenamento a longo prazo, p?s-processamento e visualiza??o em tempo real dos dados pelos usu?rios de interesse. Na plataforma de IoT, os dados s?o formatados para exibi??o e avalia??o dos usu?rios considerando formatos gr?ficos compreens?veis, sendo poss?vel a emiss?o de alertas e de relat?rios ao serem detectados desvios em rela??o aos par?metros operacionais normais. Ao ser detectado um desvio de comportamento no consumo de corrente, correlacionando a algum tipo de falha em potencial, o sistema sinaliza informa??es adicionais a um usu?rio de interesse (ao supervisor da linha de produ??o, por exemplo), que de forma planejada, procede a alguma interven??o no equipamento, sem preju?zo da produ??o. A disponibilidade da s?rie temporal completa dos dados armazenados bem como o hist?rico de ocorr?ncias registrados ao longo do uso do sistema de monitoramento permite ainda a busca de correla??es entre dados de outras origens e naturezas, e a interpreta??o dos mesmos dados sob outras ?ticas em contextos al?m da opera??o ou manuten??o da m?quina. O sistema de monitoramento proposto permite prover um m?nimo de automa??o em m?quinas antigas e abre a possibilidade de monitoramento independente, paralela e n?o intrusiva em m?quinas que j? contam com um sistema supervis?rio moderno. Uma ind?stria que atinja o objetivo de tornar o conjunto de seus equipamentos produtivos totalmente monitorado se credencia para dar o pr?ximo passo rumo ? Ind?stria 4.0.

Lean production determine the appropriate way to better workplace organization based on the elimination of various types of wasting, which only increase costs without adding customer value. It isn't important only implementation of lean production methods, but especially maintenance of lean principles and creating an atmosphere of continuous improvement. Lean production is the philosophy, which must be accepted by all em-ployees inside every company. It is the way to successful business in the 21st century. This thesis deals with the application of lean production in the selected company. The practical part describes the selected company, its history and manufacturing program. The next part is focused on description of the production center and its production layout. The result of this thesis is creating the product layout plan depending on the material flow and additional proposals for improvement.

Das weite Feld der Digitalisierung findet in Deutschland unter dem Begriff "Industrie 4.0" erste Anwendungen in der Arbeitswelt. Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit untersucht industrielle Assistenzsysteme. Diese können in ganz unterschiedler Art und Weise dem Mitarbeiter zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Unterstützung bei der Verrichtung von Arbeitsaufgaben ist das Ziel. Dabei können die Systeme als tragbare Kleinstcomputer am Körper eingesetzt werden, oder als umfassendes Verarbeitungssystem von Produktionsdaten im Unternehmen implementiert werden. Betrachtet werden zwei prägnante Beispiele aus diesem Bereich der Assistenz für den Mitarbeiter im produzierenden Unternehmen. Eine ständig wachsende Menge von Assistenzsystemen am Markt lässt sich bislang nur anhand von Werbung und Produktvorstellungen charakterisieren. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die beiden Beispielsysteme nach Gesichtspunkten der Arbeitswissenschaft zu untersuchen. Tauglichkeit für das Tagesgeschäft, ergonomische und mitarbeiterfreundliche Bedienung werden betrachtet. In den theoretischen Grundlagen wird ein allgemeines Verständnis der Begriffe aus dem Bereich der Digitalisierung aufgebaut. Weiterhin wird ein Überblick über die verwendeten Beispielsysteme ausgehend von deren Produktvorstellungen gegeben. Diese Systeme werden mit qualitativen Forschungsmethoden durch einen Experten der Branche evaluiert. Kernaussagen aus verschiedenen Bereichen, wie beispielsweise Ergonomie und Einsetzbarkeit werden abgeleitet. / The broad field of digitalisation finds its first applications in the German working environment under the term "Industry 4.0". This bachelor thesis examines industrial assistance systems that can be made available to employees in many different ways, with the goal to support the performance of work tasks. The systems can be used as portable microcomputers on the body or implemented as a comprehensive processing system for company production data. The thesis examines two concise examples from this area of employee assistance in manufacturing companies. To date, a constantly growing number of assistance systems on the market can only be characterised by advertising and product concepts. The aim of this thesis is to analyize the two example systems from an ergonomics point of view as well as suitability for day-to-day business and employee-friendly operations. In the theoretical basics, a general understanding of terms from the field of digitalisation is developed. Furthermore, an overview of the example systems utilized is provided based on their product presentations. These systems are evaluated by an industry expert using qualitative research method to determine core statements from various areas, such as ergonomics and usability.

Syfte: Studien ämnar att studera hur Internet of Things skulle kunna integreras för att minska potentiella brister i informationsflödet hos tillverkande företag. För att möjliggöra detta formulerades två forskningsfrågor:  <li data-aria-level="1" data-aria-posinset="1" data-listid="12" data-font="Georgia,Serif" data-leveltext="%1.">Hur är informationsflödet utformat hos ett tillverkande företag med högt anpassade kundprocesser?  <li data-aria-level="1" data-aria-posinset="1" data-listid="12" data-font="Georgia,Serif" data-leveltext="%1.">Vilka möjligheter ger Internet of Things för att minska potentiella brister i informationsflödet?  Metod: En förundersökning gjordes för att ge författarna en bild av studiens problemområde. Vidare genomfördes en litteraturstudie och en fallstudie. Litteraturstudien skapade studiens teoretiska ramverk och innehåller områden som Internet of Things, information, kommunikation, informationsflöde och informationssystem. Fallstudien genomfördes på ett stort tillverkande företag och bestod av dokumentstudier, observationer och en fokusgrupp. En sammankoppling av studiens teoretiska ramverk och empiri genererade studiens resultat.  Resultat: Företagets informationsflöde visade sig vara komplext och innehålla mycket manuell hantering av information. Något som visade sig ge konsekvenser för informationens pålitlighet, relevans och tidsperspektiv. Det finns därför förbättringsmöjligheter genom att integrera Internet of Things, då en digitalisering av informationsflödet skulle kunna leda till standardiserade processer samt en större och säkrare mängd delad information.  Implikationer: Teoretiskt bidrar studien genom att utvärdera hur Internet of Things kan bidra till nya sätt att arbeta med informationsflöden hos tillverkande företag. Studien visar detta genom att analysera viktiga aspekter inom ett nuvarande informationsflöde och Internet of things. Praktiskt bidrar studien med att identifiera potentiella förbättringsmöjligheter i ett företags informationsflöde genom en integration av Internet of Things.  Begränsningar: Studien är designad som en enfallsstudie vilket begränsar generaliserbarheten. Andra företag kan komma att behöva undersöka sina specifika förutsättningar för att dra nytta av studien. Generaliserbarheten ökar till viss del då Internet of Things är ett brett ämne och kan appliceras på ett stort antal områden. För att öka studiens tillförlitlighet har metodkapitlet noggrant utformats och beskrivits. / Purpose: This study aims to explore how Internet of Things could be integrated in manufacturing companies to reduce the potential inadequacy in an information flow. To achieve this, two research questions were formed:  <li data-aria-level="1" data-aria-posinset="1" data-listid="13" data-font="Georgia,Serif" data-leveltext="%1.">How is the information flow designed in a manufacturing company that produces customer-specific products?  <li data-aria-level="1" data-aria-posinset="1" data-listid="13" data-font="Georgia,Serif" data-leveltext="%1.">What possibilities does Internet of Things give information flow to reduce potential inadequac <p data-aria-level="1" data-aria-posinset="2" data-listid="13" data-font="Times New Roman" data-leveltext="%1.">Method: A pilot study was conducted to help the authors create a picture of the study's problem area. Later a literature study and a case study were conducted. The literature study was conducted to create the theoretical framework and included areas such as Internet of Things, information, communication, information flow and information systems. The case study conducted at a large manufacturing company and was consisted document studies, observations and a focus group. The results of the study are generated through a pairing of the theoretical framework and empirical study.  <p data-aria-level="1" data-aria-posinset="2" data-listid="13" data-font="Times New Roman" data-leveltext="%1.">Findings: The company's information flow was complex and contained a lot of manual management of information and communication. This turned out to create consequences for the information’s reliability, relevance, and timing. It has therefore been found that there are improvement opportunities through an integration of IOT in the information flow. A digitalization of an information flow can lead to creation of standard process and a larger and safer amount of shared information.  <p data-aria-level="1" data-aria-posinset="2" data-listid="13" data-font="Times New Roman" data-leveltext="%1.">Implications: The study contributes theoretically by evaluating how IOT can contribute to innovative ways of working with information flows at manufacturing companies; this by analysing key aspects of a current information flow and IOT. Practically, the study contributes to identifying potential improvements by integrate IOT in a corporate information flow.  Limitations: The study is of a one-case-design which limits generalisability. Therefore, other companies may need to examine their specific requirements before taking advantage of the study. The generalization increases slightly due to the broadness of the term IOT and that it can be applied in a wide range of areas. The method chapter has been carefully designed and described to increase the study's reliability.

本研究探討生產力4.0計畫推進ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning, Gartner Group Inc. 1990)軟體在產業管理系統的關鍵地位。從ERP軟體系統一直未能在企業百分之百順利建置的角度，分析企業在系統軟體導入過程中，內外關係人影響力造成的失效率，探討以羊群行為減低失效率，提升ERP成功比率，期以降低經營管理的沉沒成本。 通常企業要成功導入ERP系統，是取決於有效的專案管理(Loh and Koh, 2004)。而BPR (business process reengineering)是導入ERP系統的關鍵作業標準，例如Oracle的AIM(application, implementation, methodology)、SAP的ASAP(accelerated SAP)、鼎新的TIM(top implementation methodology)和江氏的FIT(fine implementation tool)。在過去24年來卻已緩緩偏離了企業實作科技(operational technology, OT)的基礎，包括經驗與務實(empirical and practice)的運作程序，依靠以資訊科技(information technology, IT)的標準節點為入口導向。 設若BPR標準操作流程，於導入期間重視經驗與務實的影響力，能夠妥適引導轉移(proper piloting migration, PPM)作最佳化適配(adaptation)。則建置和使用ERP系統(system)的策略，是整合網際網路(cyber)的市場價值和實體(physical)的執行績效，達成企業生產力4.0計畫的CPS虛實整合，為運營上帶來一項資產(asset)，而非遺產(legacy)。 / The study investigates possibly raising successful installation rate by Herd Behivor for the software of Enterprise Resource Planning, ERP (Gartner Group Inc. 1990) under Industry 4.0 Project. According to the historical data that reducing available rate of stakeholder influence would drop the sunk cost of information technology management. Usually enterprises in order to get an effectiveness of ERP installation, it depends on whether using proper project management (Loh and Koh, 2004). However, BPR (business process reengineering) was acting a key factor of standard operation procedure under project management in past 24 years, such as the Oracle’s AIM (application, implementation, methodology)、SAP’s ASAP (accelerated SAP)、Digiwin’s TIM (top implementation methodology) and Chiang’s FIT (fine implementation tool) . What failed rate of ERP installation is still high around industry, due to information technology (IT) instead of operational technology (OT). Meanwhile, the BRP could switch over to emphasize the empirical experience of piloting migration (PPM) of ERP on individual business. It would guide an optimal adaptation between operational site and information platform, the strategy of using ERP system is in order to combine both benefits as the marketing value of cyber and the manufacturing productivity of physical. There is the synergy coming from Industry 4.0 Project as well as an asset for the enterprise under a systematic integration of virtual cyber and physical reality.

「自動」已是舊名詞，取而代之的是「無人」。 零售業也一樣吹起了「無人」風，引燃此波競逐的非為2017年1月正式推出「Amazon Go」所屬，而回想零售業才自於2013年宣稱將邁入4.0時代，啟動全通路經營模式（Omni-Channel）運動，3年後立即進入了無人時代，反觀傳統通路商以不變應萬變之姿繼續立於零售商與品牌製造商中間，事實上其價值已明顯地逐步限縮，甚或僅餘傳統的物流、庫存調節及應收融資價值。隨著金融也來到4.0的無實體之虛擬貨幣時代，其可能徹底改變信用風險的問題，而工業4.0更已開始重塑生產價值鏈，在這一巨浪變化中，可能因根本結構的改變，通路商能真的被去中心化。通路商必須即早尋求在此新產業結構下的新價值及經營模型，與時俱進以永續發展。 　　本論文研究將專注在資訊通路商於新零售之全通路經營模式(Omni-Channel)下，如何以服務設計的思維，引入結合終端消費者，擴增通路商價值，創造消費者、零售商、通路商、製造商多贏的創新商業模型。

Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB är intresserade av att digitalisera deras arbetsprocesser. Således är syftet med denna studie att undersöka om AR presterar bättre än papper som en instruktionsmetod för operatorer på Siemens i Trollhättan. För att kunna svara på frågan "Hur väl presterar Augmented Reality (AR) teknik som instruktionsmetod till skillnad från papper för operatorer i en produktionsmiljö?", har två kvalitativa metoder tillämpats. Datainsamling skedde med hjälp av observationer och semi-strukturerade intervjuer för analys tillstudien. Vårt val av teoretiskt ramverk tillämpades inte endast för att undersöka prestanda, det användes även för undersökning av operatörernas vilja att införa AR som en instruktionsmetod. Resultaten från denna studie visar att AR presterade bättre som en instruktionsmetod och att operatörerna hade en positiv inställning vid användning av AR. Däremot, är det fortfarande oklart hur väl denna teknologi kommer att accepteras. Detta beror huvudsakligen på faktum att framtida förbättringar behöver utföras när det kommer till hårdvara och avsaknaden av skräddarsydda applikationer för operatörernas behov. / Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB is interested in digitizing their current work processes. Therefore, the reason for this study is to examine if AR performs better than paper as an instruction method for operators at Siemens in Trollhättan. In order to answer the question "How well does Augmented Reality (AR) technology perform compared to physical papers as an instruction method for operators in a production environment?", two qualitative methods have been applied. Data was collected by using observations and semi-structured interviews for the analysis of this study. Our choice of theoretical framework was not only applied for evaluating the performance, but also the operators' willingness to adopt AR as a form of instruction method. The findings from the results show that AR performs better as an instruction method and that the operators had a positive attitude when using AR. However, it is still unclear how well this technology will be accepted. This is mainly due to the fact that future improvements still need to be made to the hardware and the lack of customized applications for the operators' needs.

Dieser Beitrag erläutert die Umsetzung der Digitalisierung speziell im Anwendungsgebiet des Engineering. Dabei wird die Digitalisierung, sowohl des eigentlichen Produktes als auch der im Rahmen von Service-orientierten Geschäftsmodellen entwickelten Dienstleistung, vorgestellt. Ein weiterer wesentlicher Punkt der Digitalisierung sind die horizontale und vertikale Integration der technischen und administrativen Arbeitsprozesse entlang des Produktlebenszyklus. Bei den vertikalen Integrationen handelt es ich um die Integrationen der Autorensysteme entlang den Lebenszyklusphasen Anforderungsmanagement, Systemarchitektur, CAD in Mechanik, Elektronik, Softwareentwicklung, Simulation, Test, Prozessplanung und Digitale Fabrik. Bei der horizontalen Integration stehen die administrativen Funktionen wie Freigabe-, Änderungs- und Konfigurationsmanagement über den gesamten Produklebenszyklus und die technische Integration der in den einzelnen Produktlebenszyklus-Phasen erzeugten Informationen im Vordergrund. Hier ist vor allem die Verteilung und Orchestrierung der Funktionen zwischen SysLM, MES und PPS relevant.

Die Nutzung von Augmented Reality (AR) stellt eine Vielzahl von Lösungsansätzen für Herausforderungen unterschiedlicher Bereiche, z.B. der Industrie, Medizin, Unterhaltungsmedien und Bildung, zur Verfügung. Speziell werden hier die Möglichkeiten von AR in der Fertigungsindustrie, genauer bei der Abnahme elektrischer Antriebe der Siemens AG, betrachtet. Dabei werden unter anderem messbare Größen wie Drehmoment, Ankerstrom, -spannung, Drehzahl, Schwingungen, Fertigungstoleranzen etc. gemessen, aber auch nicht quantifizierbare Größen wie Sichtprüfungen von Schweißnähten und Lackierung in Betracht gezogen. Angestrebt wird eine Methode, welche es zukünftig ermöglicht, die Inbetriebnahme ortsunabhängig zu verfolgen und Inspektionen aus der Ferne durchzuführen. Die Herausforderung liegt dabei darin, eine zumindest gleichwertige, wenn nicht sogar verbesserte Erfahrung und Prüfergebnisvalidität für die Beteiligten gegenüber der vor Ort Abnahme zu erzeugen. Im Rahmen des Forschungsvorhabens wurde in interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit zwischen Ingenieur/-innen und Sozialwissenschaftler/-innen ein Demonstrator-Konzept für eine ortsunabhängige Maschinenabnahme entwickelt.

The adoption of digital transformation can be seen as the companies opportunity for increased competitiveness. The possibilities of digital transformation are many as it allows, among other things, a connection between workers and machines or between machines. However, companies are facing difficulties to implement digital transformation effectively. Implementing digital transformation is a slow process for companies and most companies are in the early stages of it. Also, the technologies that are associated with digital transformation are still unclear. Companies still lack a systematic approach to implementing digital transformation. Understanding critical factors that affect digital transformation in manufacturing companies could help to develop a systematic approach for implementing digital transformation. Therefore, in this research the authors have carefully reviewed and identified factors that affect digital transformation within the manufacturing industry. This thesis research aims to identify the factors that will lead to the success of digital transformation in manufacturing companies and to also find out the factors that when being ignored will lead to unsuccessfulness. The research has been guided by three research questions: 1) Which factors are stated in the literature that is affecting the implementation of digital transformation in manufacturing companies, 2) How are these factors related to each other in the literature, and 3) How can practitioners and academics use factors for the successful implementation of digital transformation? In this research, a systematic literature review (SLR) has been carried out which has led to identifying 11 key factors. Based on the identified factors, a model has been developed to support the implementation of digital transformation in manufacturing companies. The model consists of four different categories of factors, namely, “Awareness related factors, Readiness related factors, Technology, Selection, and Integration related factors (so-called ARTO-model. Furthermore, a survey has been developed to get experts´ perspectives on the identified factors and the model.  Based on the input from the survey, a final compiled ARTO model is proposed as a guiding tool for the successful implementation of digital transformation. Further, a model to show the relationship between the factors is created. Keywords: Digital transformation, Digitalization, Industry 4.0, Enabling technologies, Key factors, Critical factors, Manufacturing industry, Guiding framework / Implementeringen av digital transformation kan ses som företags möjlighet till ökad konkurrenskraft. Möjligheterna med digital transformation är många, då det bland annat tillåter uppkoppling mellan arbetare och maskiner. Dock, står företagen inför svårigheter med implementeringen av det. Implementeringen av digital transformation är en långsam process för företagen och många företag befinner sig i tidigt skede. Även teknologier som associeras med digital transformation är fortfarande oklara och det saknas kunskap gällande detta. Dessutom finns det inte mycket handlingskraft när det kommer till faktorer som påverkar digital transformation. Företag saknar fortfarande tillvägagångssätt för implementering av digital transformation. Därför har författarna till den här undersökningen noga granskat och identifierat faktorer som påverkar digital transformation inom tillverkande företag.  Syftet med den här undersökningen är att ta reda på faktorer som ska leda till framgång av digital transformation i tillverkande företag, och vidare ta reda på faktorer som när de ignoreras kommer leda till misslyckande. Forskningsfråga 1: Vilka är faktorerna som nämns i litteraturen och som påverkar digital transformation i tillverkande företag?  Forskningsfråga 2: Hur är dessa faktorer relaterade till varandra inom litteraturen?  Forskningsfråga 3: Hur kan praktiker och akademiker använda faktorer för ett framgångsrikt genomförande av digital transformation? I den här undersökningen har det gjorts en systematisk litteraturstudie som ledde till utvecklingen av ett ramverk. Vidare skapades en enkät för att få experters perspektiv på den systematiska litteraturstudien och ramverket.  Det skapades en modell som bygger på fyra olika kategorier ”Awareness related factors, Readiness related factors, Technology, Selection and integration related factors (så kallad ARTO-modell) utifrån den systematiska litteraturstudien och därefter gjordes en liknande modell baserad på inputen från enkäten. Slutligen sammanställdes resultaten i en gemensam ARTO- modell och en modell för att visa relationen mellan de olika modellerna skapades  Nyckelord: Digital Transformation, Digitalisering, Industri 4.0, Möjliggörande teknik, Nyckel faktorer, Kritiska faktorer, Tillverkande företag, Vägledande ram