Med utgångspunkt i Lpfö 98 gjordes detta arbete och få mer kunskap om hur pedagoger arbetar med och synliggör matematik på förskolan i förskolebarns vardag.Syftet med arbetet var att undersöka hur pedagoger förhåller sig till och arbetar i vardagen med matematiken i förhållande till målen i Lpfö 98.Undersökningar gjordes genom en enkät på två förskolor samt observationer på en förskoleavdelning och hade för syfte att svara på följande frågeställning:Hur arbetar pedagoger med matematik på förskolan i förhållandet till Lpfö 98?Vilken syn har pedagogerna på att man skall ha matematik i förskolan?Hur synliggör pedagogerna matematiken i vardagen?Undersökningen visar, att pedagoger arbetar med matematik men att det finns fortfarande de som anser, att matematik tillhör skolan. I min undersökning ansåg en pedagog att matematiken måste synliggöras i ett för barnen meningsfullt sammanhang.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur verksamma pedagoger ser på och förklarar begreppen kunskap och lärande i förskolan. Vi har undersökt om det finns likheter och skillnader i dessa resonemang med det som uttrycks i läroplanen för förskolan (Lpfö 98). För att besvara frågeställningarna valde vi att intervjua fyra förskollärare verksamma i förskolan. Vi använde oss av en kvalitativ intervjumetod som vi kompletterade med filmade observationer av respektive pedagog. Det filmade materialet användes endast som diskussionsunderlag i intervjuerna. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten var dels Läroplanskommiténs betänkande Skola för bildning (SOU 1992:94) och Ingrid Carlgrens definitioner av kunskapsbegreppet, samt det sociokulturella perspektivet och Vygotskijs resonemang kring lärande, då detta ligger till grund för den lärandesyn som uttrycks i Lpfö 98. Resultatet visade att pedagogerna hade svårt att definiera kunskap och lärande, samt att deras förklaringar inte alltid följde de praktiska exempel de gav. De talade bland annat om samspel, kommunikation, lekfulla sammanhang, barns intresse och pedagogens roll som styrande och den som har kunskap. Vår slutsats är att pedagogerna inte aktivt och medvetet tar stöd i Lpfö 98 för att beskriva sin kunskaps- och lärandesyn. De använder ofta samma begrepp som läroplanen uttrycker, däremot har begreppen inte alltid samma innebörd eller definition.

Syftet med denna studie är att ta reda på pedagogernas tankar och upplevelser av pedagogisk dokumentation, vilka hinder och svårigheter de stöter på och vad har förändrats i arbetet med dokumentation sedan läroplanen för förskolan reviderades år 2010.I undersökningen deltog fem pedagoger, varav fyra förskollärare och en barnskötare. Kvalitativa intervjuer användes som forskningsmetod. Empirin analyserades genom den sociokulturella teorin och Vygotskijs tankar om barns lärande och utveckling och även Lenz Taguchis tolkning av det konstruktionistiska perspektivet och pedagogiken inspirerad av Reggio Emilia. Resultatet visar att de flesta pedagoger har en positiv syn på dokumentation och ser dess fördelar. Majoriteten av pedagoger anser att tiden är största hindret i arbetet med dokumentation vilket ibland leder till frustration. Alla pedagoger anser att det är svårt att vara närvarande och dokumenterande pedagog samtidigt. De flesta ser en tydlig förändring i arbetet med dokumentation efter att läroplanen för förskolan reviderades år 2010.

L'objectif est de produire un antioxydant puissant, l'acide 3,4-dihydroxyphénylacétique (3,4-DHPA) à partir de la L-tyrosine chez l'archée hyperthermophile et acidophile, Sulfolobus solfataricus 98/2. Les microorganismes extrêmophiles possèdent des enzymes particulièrement résistantes et intéressantes pour l'industrie.Des cultures ont donc été réalisées en fermenteur contrôlé dans 4 conditions : (i) en présence de glucose avec ou sans L-tyrosine, (ii) en présence de phénol avec ou sans L-tyrosine. Il a été montré que le 3,4-DHPA est synthétisé seulement en présence de phénol et de L-tyrosine. Les gènes codant pour les enzymes impliquées dans cette voie métabolique et potentiellement responsables de la synthèse du 3,4-DHPA ont été identifiés par homologie de séquence chez cette archée.Des études transcriptomiques et protéomiques ont donc été initiées pour confirmer ces hypothèses et tenter de caractériser les enzymes impliquées dans ces voies métaboliques. Plusieurs toluène-4-monooxygénases (T4MO) et une catéchol 2,3-dioxygénase, impliquées dans le métabolisme du phénol et potentiellement dans la voie de dégradation de la L-tyrosine ont été identifiées. Leur production est soumise à une régulation transcriptionnelle dépendant de la présence de phénol. L'analyse des régions génomiques correspondantes a permis de mettre en évidence une région consensus qui pourrait être impliquée dans la fixation d'un facteur de transcription lors de la régulation par le phénol. Ces différentes études ont permis, de déterminer d'une part dans quelles conditions le 3,4-DHPA est synthétisé, d'autre part d'identifier les enzymes qui interviendraient dans le métabolisme de la L–tyrosine. / The aim is to produce a powerful antioxidant, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (3,4-DHPA) from L-tyrosine in the hyperthermophilic and acidophilus archaea, Sulfolobus solfataricus 98/2. Extremophiles microorganisms have resistant enzymes and interesting for industry. Cultures have been carried out in controlled bioreactor four conditions: (i) in the presence of glucose with or without L-tyrosine, (ii) in the presence of phenol with or without L-tyrosine. It has been shown that 3,4-DHPA is synthesized only in the presence of phenol and L-tyrosine. The genes encoding enzymes involved in the metabolic and potentially responsible for the synthesis of 3,4-DHPA pathway have been identified by sequence homology in S. solfataricus.Des transcriptomic and proteomic studies have therefore been initiated to confirm these hypothesis and attempt to characterize the enzymes involved in these pathways. Several toluene-4-monooxygenase (T4MO) and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase involved in the metabolism of phenol and potentially in the degradation pathway of L-tyrosine were identified. Their production is subjected to a dependent transcriptional regulation of the presence of phenol. The analysis of the corresponding genomic regions has highlighted a consensus region that could be involved in the binding of a transcription factor in the regulation of phenol. These studies helped to determine the one hand the conditions under which 3,4-DHPA is synthesized, secondly to identify enzymes that intervene in the metabolism of L-tyrosine.

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2016-09-12T18:15:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Vaz2.pdf: 2854719 bytes, checksum: f8c9852f7246e0301c0955c8ec250003 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-12T18:15:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Vaz2.pdf: 2854719 bytes, checksum: f8c9852f7246e0301c0955c8ec250003 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-25 / This research, entitled "Promotion of citizenship through community radios of Grande ABCD Paulista, under challenges and political confrontations," studies eleven community radios authorized by the Ministry of Communications for the Grande ABCD Paulista. In the region, five cities, of the seven existing houses there community radios, as in Diadema (radios “Navegantes” and “Nova Diadema”); in Mauá (radios “Mauá” and “Z”); in Ribeirão Pires (radio “Pérola da Serra”); in Rio Grande da Serra (radio “Esplanada”) and in São Bernardo do Campo (the radios “Lírio dos Vales”, “Nova Riacho”, “Paraty”, “Princesa” and “Represa”). The other two cities of that region, Santo André and São Caetano do Sul, community stations are not authorized to register and there is none functioning. The aim of this study is to reveal the shape of the mentioned broadcasters; the contribution they provide to the promotion of citizenship and social inclusion; their structural operational issues for survival and actions to overcome these issues. The methodology used consists of bibliographic research, desk research, interviews, visits to the radios and programming study. It was studied the history of the region; the concepts of citizenship; participation; community broadcasting and the trajectory of the broadcasters. As a result, there was a query on official institutions for knowledge of community radios operating with permission in Grande ABCD Paulista. Later, followed the search several observation visits. The interviews had semi-structured features with the broadcasters and other subjects for this job, experts on this theme. It was concluded that there are numerous difficulties that the eleven community stations from Grande ABCD Paulista face to be able to keep operating radio stations. Maintenance of troubles occurs primarily by the force of legislation responsible for such community radio segment, which prevents you from getting commercial support and sponsorship. / Esta pesquisa, intitulada “Promoção da cidadania pelas rádios comunitárias do ABCD Paulista, sob desafios e enfrentamentos políticos”, estuda 11 rádios comunitárias autorizadas pelo Ministério das Comunicações para funcionamento no Grande ABCD Paulista. Na região, cinco cidades das sete ali existentes abrigam rádios comunitárias, como Diadema (rádios “Navegantes” e “Nova Diadema”); Mauá (rádios “Mauá” e “Z”); Ribeirão Pires (rádio “Pérola da Serra”); Rio Grande da Serra (rádio “Esplanada”) e São Bernardo do Campo (rádios “Lírio dos Vales”, “Nova Riacho”, “Paraty”, “Princesa” e “Represa”). As outras duas cidades daquele território, Santo André e São Caetano do Sul, não registram emissoras comunitárias autorizadas para funcionamento. O objetivo deste estudo é o de revelar o perfil das mencionadas emissoras; a contribuição que oferecem aos processos da promoção de cidadania e inclusão social; seus problemas operacionais estruturais para sobrevivência e reações para superação. A metodologia utilizada consiste em pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental, entrevistas, visitas às rádios e estudo de programação. Estudou-se o histórico da região; os conceitos de cidadania; participação; radiodifusão comunitária e a própria trajetória das emissoras. Na sequência, houve a consulta em instituições oficiais para o conhecimento das rádios comunitárias autorizadas para funcionamento no ABCD. Posteriormente, seguiu-se a pesquisa com várias visitas de observação. As entrevistas tiveram características semiestruturadas com os radialistas e demais depoentes para este trabalho, especialistas na presente temática. Concluiu-se que existem inúmeras dificuldades que as 11 emissoras comunitárias do ABCD Paulista enfrentam para conseguir manter as rádios funcionamento. A manutenção das dificuldades se dá principalmente pela força da legislação responsável por tal segmento radiofônico comunitário, que o impede de obter apoio comercial e patrocínios.

Contexte : Etant donné la forte progression de la prévalence du surpoids et de l'obésité à l'adolescence ces dernières décennies, la prévention est devenue une priorité de santé publique internationale. Objectif : L'essai PRALIMAP (PRomotion de l'ALIMentation et de l'Activité Physique) évalue l'impact de trois stratégies de prévention du surpoids et de l'obésité - « Education », « Environnement », « Dépistage » - chez les adolescents en milieu scolaire, sur la corpulence, les connaissances, attitudes et comportements des adolescents vis-à-vis de la nutrition (alimentation et activité physique). Méthode : Les trois stratégies ont été affectées à 24 lycées de la région Lorraine (Nord-est de la France) sur 2 années (en classe de seconde et de première) par randomisation en grappe (=lycée), selon un plan factoriel 2x2x2. La stratégie Éducation consistait en des cours et des travaux de groupe sur la nutrition et une fête nutritionnelle annuelle. La stratégie Environnement consistait à améliorer l'offre nutritionnelle des lycées et organiser une fête nutritionnelle annuelle. La stratégie Dépistage consistait en un repérage des adolescents en surpoids ou obèses suivi d'une prise en charge adaptée collective. Les données ont été recueillies à 3 reprises : à l'entrée en classe de seconde (T0), de première (T1) et de terminale (T2). L'indice de masse corporelle (IMC), son z-score et la proportion d'adolescents en surpoids ou obèses étaient les critères de jugement principaux. Les critères de jugement secondaires étaient les connaissances et comportements nutritionnels. Les différences d'évolution T0-T2 des critères de jugement entre les 12 lycées ayant bénéficié d'une stratégie et les 12 lycées témoins de cette stratégie a été analysée à l'aide de modèles mixtes. Une évaluation du processus a permis d'estimer la dose réelle d'intervention de chaque stratégie dans chacun des lycées. Résultats : La stratégie Dépistage a entrainé une amélioration de la corpulence : augmentation moins importante de l'IMC avec la stratégie Dépistage (+0,6 vs +0,7, p=0,0303), diminution plus importante du z-score de l'IMC (-0,9 vs -0,5, p=0,0173) et de la prévalence du surpoids et de l'obésité (-2,3% vs -0,6%, p=0,0386). La stratégie Education a entrainé une amélioration de certains comportements nutritionnels : augmentation plus importante de la proportion d'adolescent suivant la recommandation nutritionnelle sur les féculents (3,6% vs -0,7%, p=0,0357) et du nombre d'activités physiques pratiquées (+0,02 vs -0,10, p=0,0047). La stratégie Environnement a amélioré les comportements et les connaissances nutritionnels : diminution moins importante de la proportion d'adolescents suivant la recommandation nutritionnelle sur le nombre de repas hebdomadaire (-4,5% vs -8,5%, p=0,0101) et amélioration plus importante du score de connaissances nutritionnelles (+1,9 point vs +1,0 point, p=0,0094). Des différences dans la réalisation des activités et la participation ont été mises en évidence suite à l'estimation de la dose d'intervention et peuvent expliquer certains résultats observés. Conclusion : Une stratégie de dépistage structurée en milieu scolaire apparaît bénéfique sur la réduction du surpoids et de l'obésité. L'addition d'activités d'éducation nutritionnelles dans le cursus n'induit pas d'effets sur la corpulence à court terme. La modification de l'environnement nutritionnel scolaire semble avoir un effet sur les indicateurs intermédiaires de connaissances et comportements nutritionnels / Background: Given the increasing prevalence of youth overweight and obesity in the last decade, prevention as become an international public health priority.Objective: The aim of The PRALIMAP (PRomotion de l'ALIMentation et de l'Activité Physique) trial was to evaluate the 2-year effectiveness of three strategies - « Education », « Screening » et « Environment »- aimed at preventing overweight and obesity among adolescents in high school setting on body size and nutritional knowledge and behaviours. Method: PRALIMAP was a school-based randomized controlled trial beginning in 24 state-run high schools (clusters) in Lorraine (north-eastern France). Each study high school was assigned to receive or not, over a 2-year period (grades 10 and 11), each of the three prevention strategies according to a 2x2x2 factorial school randomization. The prevention strategies were: ?education? (development of nutritional knowledge and skills), "environment" (creation of favourable environment by improving availability of dietary items with a good nutritional quality and physical activity), and "screening" (detection of overweight and obesity and, if necessary, adapted care management). The follow-up consisted of three visits: at the entry of grade 10(T0), grade 11(T1) and grade 12(T2). Body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score and prevalence of overweight and obesity were the main outcomes measures. Secondary outcomes measures were nutritional knowledge and behaviours. Comparisons of changes (T2-T0) of outcomes measures between each strategy schools and their control were carried out using a three-level hierarchical mixed model. A process evaluation allowed estimating an intervention dose really received by adolescents. Results: The 2-year change of anthropometric outcomes was more favourable in the 12 screening high schools as compared with the no-screening ones: a lower increase in BMI (+0,6 vs +0,7, p=0,0303), a greater decrease in BMI z-score (-0,9 vs -0,5, p=0,0173) and a greater decrease in overweight / obesity prevalence (-2,3% vs -0,6%, p=0,0386). The education strategy resulted in improved nutritional behaviours: a greater increase in achievement of starchy food guidelines (3,6% vs -0.7%, p=0.0357) and physical activity practice (+0,02 vs -0,10, p=0,0047). The environment strategy resulted in improved nutritional attitudes: a lower decrease in achievement of number of weekly meals guidelines (-4.5% vs -8.5%, p=0.0101) and greater increase in nutritional knowledge (+1,9 point vs +1,0 point, p=0.0094). Some differences in activity implementation and participation were highlighted and can explain some of the results observed. Conclusions: The screening strategy is an effective way to prevent, at two years, overweight and obesity among adolescents in a high school setting. Nutritional education added to the curriculum is not effective in the short term on body size. The school nutritional environment modification is slightly associated with improved nutritional knowledge and behaviours

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-03-16T12:15:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Giordano Melges de Souza.pdf: 1951270 bytes, checksum: 1fc595e96393c237f6e707c320f228d3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-16T12:15:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giordano Melges de Souza.pdf: 1951270 bytes, checksum: 1fc595e96393c237f6e707c320f228d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present research aims to study the military professional athlete and their effectiveness befor the nacional legal system, in particular Law 9.615/98, commonly known as Pelé Law, and High Yield Athlete Program, related to the agreement between Defense and Sports Ministries. The Law 9.615/98 is a protective law for Brazilian athletes, so then, it presents articles that in the practical world are ineffective, such as the case of article 44, subsection II. Such inefficiency is due to the existence of the High Yield Athlete Program, which deals with an agreement between the Defense Ministry and the Sport Ministry, where high-level athletes are supported by the Armed Forces. However, this support brings with it a contradiction with the law 9.615/98, evidencing the ineffectiveness of its article 44, item II, observed that the non-existence of a criminal law regarding the noncompliance of this article corroborates the norm’s innocuousness / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o Atleta Profissional Militar e a sua efetividade perante o ordenamento jurídico nacional, em especial a Lei 9.615/98, vulgo Lei Pelé, e o Programa Atleta de Alto Rendimento, referente ao convênio do Ministério da Defesa e ao Ministério do Esporte. A Lei 9.615/98, por se tratar de lei protetiva dos atletas brasileiros, apresenta artigos que no mundo prático são ineficazes, como o caso do artigo 44, inciso II. Tal ineficácia se dá pela existência do Programa Atleta de Alto Rendimento, que versa sobre um convênio do Ministério da Defesa com o Ministério do Esporte, onde atletas de alto rendimento são apoiados e suportados pelas Forças Armadas. Entretanto, esse suporte dado pelas Forças Armadas traz consigo uma contradição frente à Lei 9.615/98, evidenciando a ineficácia que artigo 44, inciso II demonstra no seu texto, observado que a inexistência de norma penal quanto ao descumprimento deste artigo corrobora a inocuidade da norma

Die Dissertation untersucht den Einfluss der inhaltlichen Konzepte und der Formensprache Nietzsches auf die spanische Literatur. Die Arbeit analysiert, inwiefern Theoreme wie der Übermensch, die ewige Wiederkunft des Gleichen, Nietzsches Ästhetik und seine Religi-onskritik in den Texten der generaciones del 98, 14 und 27 gegenwärtig sind. Die Untersuchung bildet verschiedene Gattungen ab und stützt sich auf Texte der Lyrik (u.a. „A Nietzsche“, „En Flor 50“), Prosa (u.a. Los trabajos del infatigable creador Pío Cid, La filosofía del hombre que trabaja y que juega), Dramatik (u.a. El señor del Pigmalión) und auf Essays (u.a. Papeles póstumos, La rebelión de las masas), deren verbindendes Element die Präsenz der Philosophie Nietzsches ist. Die Dissertation versucht Nietzsches Einfluss nachzuvollziehen, indem sie (1) in einem darstellenden Teil die philosophischen und gesellschaftlichen Bedingungen erörtert, unter denen der Philosoph in Spanien rezipiert wird, (2) die für die Textarbeit relevanten philosophischen Konstrukte Nietzsches darstellt und (3) in einem textkritischen Teil konkret das literarische Material auf die zuvor skizzierten Theorien Nietzsches hin untersucht. / The dissertation examines the influence of Nietzsche’s philosophical concepts and stylistic elements on Spanish literature. In that process, it will be analysed how propositions like the overman, the eternal return of the same, Nietzsche’s aesthetics and his criticism of religion form part of selected texts of the so-called generaciones del 98, 14 and 27. This research takes various literary genres into account: poetry (e.g. “A Nietzsche“, “En Flor 50”), prose (e.g. Los trabajos del infatigable creador Pío Cid, La filosofía del hombre que trabaja y que juega), drama (e.g. El señor del Pigmalión) and essays (e.g. Papeles póstumos, La rebelión de las masas). The connecting element of these different literary genres is that they implement, in one way or another, the philosophy of Nietzsche. Hence this dissertation attempts at understanding his influence (1) by discussing the philosophical and societal circumstances under which Nietzsche is adopted in Spain; (2) by presenting Nietzsche’s relevant philosophical concepts and (3) by analysing specific texts with regard to how Nietzschean salient concepts and propositions are implemented there.

The literature on the capabilities of weak states to withstand pressure from strong states suggests that more often than not, weaker states tend to give into the stronger power. What are the motivating factors that enable weak states to withstand pressure from strong states? To ensure that the International Criminal Court (ICC) does not gain jurisdiction over its nationals, the United States is currently seeking to sign Bilateral Immunity Agreements (BIAs) with all countries under the rubric of the American Servicemembers' Protection Act. This thesis examines through a comparative case study analysis how a number of African Countries are able to withstand the pressure to sign a BIA by taking advantage of internal and external institutional structures and mechanisms. It also fills a gap in the literature by examining one regions response to the BIAs relative to the U.S. position concerning the ICC.

Šiame darbe analizuojama verslo ar verslo dalies perdavimo sąvoka bei darbuotojų teisių apsaugos tam tikri aspektai ES teisėje, teismų praktikoje, taip pat lyginama su šių nuostatų įgyvendinimu Lietuvos teisėje bei praktikoje. Siekiant nustatyti, ar šios direktyvos pilna apimti įgyvendintos Lietuvos teisėje, atlikta ETT praktikos analizė, kurioje atskleista, jog verslo ar verslo dalies perdavimas yra platesnė sąvoka, nei nustatyta direktyvose (77/187, 98/50 ir 2001/23) ir apima pačius įvairiausius perdavimo būdus, įskaitant ir tuos, kai perdavėjo bei perėmėjo nesieja jokia sutartis, administraciniu ar teismo sprendimu ir pan. Nustatyta, jog Lietuvoje verslo ar verslo dalies perdavimas tam tikrais atvejais gali būti laikomas savarankišku įmonės ar jos dalies įgyjimo būdu, šalia įmonės ar jos esminės dalies pirkimo-pardavimo, o taip pat ir reorganizavimo. Nepaisant to, Lietuvos teisėje nėra pateikta verslo ar verslo dalies perdavimo sąvoka, kaip ji yra apibrėžiama ES teisėje todėl praktikoje dažniausiai įvardinama kaip įmonės reorganizavimas arba struktūrinis pertvarkymas. Nagrinėti darbuotojų teisių apsaugos aspektai ES teisėje nustato aiškią apsaugą bei jos apimtį. Kita vertus, ETT praktika atskleidė darbo santykių apsaugos išimtis ir susiaurino jos taikymo sritį. Įgyvendinant direktyvas Lietuvos teisėje, nebuvo įtvirtinta jokia papildoma apsauga perimamiems darbuotojams, išskyrus tai, jog verslo ar verslo dalies perdavimas negali būti teisėta priežastimi nutraukti darbo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This article analyses the definition of transfer of business or part of business, the protection of particular employees’ rights in the European law, case law, and compares realisation of current provisions in the Lithuanian law and application in the national case law. The European Court of Justice case law is analysed with the aim to determine if the European directives regarding the safeguarding of employees’ rights in the event of transfers of undertakings, businesses or parts of undertakings or businesses were introduced into the Lithuanian law on the whole extent. According to the judgements of the European Court of Justice, the concept of the transfer of business or part of business should cover a wider number of transfers than it is stated in directives, including those transfers, where there is no contract between transferor and transferee, transfers as a result of a legislative or administrative decision. Purchasing or reorganisation of enterprise does not always coincide with transfer of business or part of business and can be considered as a separate type of acquirement of business or part of business. However, the Lithuanian Labour Code does not provide for a definition of transfer of business, as it is done by The European Court of Justice and in Lithuanian case law it is often recognised as reorganisation or structural changes. The most basic protected employees’ rights were analysed and it showed that the European law provides clear protected rights and its... [to full text]