Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 1989. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: English abstract not available / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die tradisionele opvatting was dat Outeursreg gemoeid is met die beskerming van die materiele vorm waarin idees vasgele is. Sedertdien het die klem egter verskuif na die beskerming van die idee self mits dit egter in stoflike vorm vervat is. In hierdie tesis word ondersoek ingestel na wat presies die objek van Outeursreg is en watter rol stoflike aanbieding in Outeursreg sped. Ter aanvang word gekyk na die ontstaan en ontwikkeling van Outeursreg. Daar word gekyk na die pick wat Outeursreg in die regsisteem beklee met spesifieke verwysing na die tradisionele indeling van subjektiewe regte. Dit blyk hieruit dat Outeursreg, as bestaandeel van Immaterieel goedereg, 'n onstoflike regsobjek het nl. die produk van die outeur se geestesarbeid of dan sy idee. Die verwysing na die vereiste van stoflike aanbieding van idees verg egter nadere ondersoek. Die Wet op Outeursreg 98 van 1973 word ontleel met betrekking tot die aard van beskermde werke; vereistes vir Outeursregbaskerming; definisies van terme soos "outeur" en "maak" asook die van die onderskeie werke; die eiendomsregterminologie en skendingshandelinge. Regsvergelykend word oorsigtelik ook na die Amerikaanse Reg verwys. Uit hierdie ontleding blyk stoflikheid vir doeleindes van die tradisionele Outeursregwerke te verwys na tasbare aanbieding daarvan, mar dat sb 'n eng definisie nie gehandhaaf kan word ten opsigte van moderne tegnologiese ontwikkelings soos uitsendings en programdraende seine nie, aangesien hierdie werke van sä 'n aard is dat tasbare vasle:gging daarvan nie noodwendig altyd plaasvind nie. Onder die skrywers wat hierdie probleem bespreek is professors Copeling en Van der Merwe wat aan stoflikheid 'n alternatiewe, wyer betekenis toedig nl. kommunikeerbare of sintuiglik waarneembare aanbieding. 'n Botsing tussen die tradisionele en aanbevole definisie van stoflikheid in die regspraak word ook uitgewys. Ten einde tegnologie te akkommodeer word die wyer definisie van stoflikheid in hierdie tesis voorgehou. Die implikasies van hierdie wyer definisie van stoflikheid is egter verreikend. Professor Copeling bevestig dan ook dat dit die moontlikheid van Outeursreg in mondelinge kommunikasies inhou. Gevolglik word daar veral gekyk waarom idees as sulks beskerm word deur Onregmatige Mededinging, maar nie deur Outeursreg nie - 'n vraag wat beantwoord word met verwysing na die invloed van moderne tegnologie op die tradisionele indelings van die Immaterieel goederereg. Uit hierdie ondersoek blyk dit dat Onregmatige Mededinging berus op die Immaterieel goederereg in plaas van die Deliktereg. Die uitgebreide definisie van stoflikheid veroorsaak dat die bestaande indelings van Immaterie61 goedereregte versmelt. Dit ruim ook die huidige konflik rondom die vereiste van stoflikheid in die Wet op Outeursreg 93 van 1973 uit die weg. Laastens word kortliks gewys op die drastiese veranderinge in die spelreels vir inligtingsprodukte wat nodig sal wees om die balans tussen die aansprake van Outeursreghebbendes en die gemeenskap te handhaaf indien die uitgebreide definisie van stoflikheid aangewend word. Uiteindelik dien stoflikheid ook in sy uitgebreide vorm steeds die tradisionele doe om die werk af te skei van die maker se persoonlikheid en dit sodoende buite die mens gelee te maak.

A presente tese tem como tema o fim do passe e a modernização conservadora no futebol brasileiro. O nosso objeto de investigação consiste nos impactos provocados pelo fim do passe no futebol brasileiro no período de 2001 a 2006, buscando apreender as características do processo civilizatório na sociedade brasileira mediante a análise da nova regulamentação das relações entre clubes e jogadores. Tem como recorte empírico 12 clubes de futebol das séries A, B e C do campeonato brasileiro. Analisa-se o novo sistema de transferências de jogadores de futebol que surgiu com a Lei Pelé (nº 9.615/98), os processos de modernização, flexibilização das relações de trabalho e contratuais e a construção de um habitus profissional no futebol brasileiro. O fim do passe é resultado de um conjunto de mudanças na legislação e na estrutura administrativa do futebol, que teve início com a criação do Clube dos Treze, em 1987, consolidando-se com a promulgação da Lei Pelé, e mais especificamente com o artigo que estabelece liberdade de trabalho ao jogador de futebol. Pode-se concluir, então, que mesmo tendo em vista que a Lei Pelé altera o sistema de relações de trabalho dos atletas profissionais, caminha-se para uma regulamentação de característica híbrida, mantendo institutos do antigo passe. Portanto, a modernização conservadora do futebol brasileiro se caracteriza pelo fato de que a extinção do passe pela Lei Pelé (nº 9.615/98) não garantiu a plena liberdade de trabalho para os jogadores devido aos Decretos e Medidas Provisórias que buscam preservar os interesses dos dirigentes e empresários através do sistema de multas rescisórias e indenizações por formação e por promoção do atleta, pois não foi suficiente para abolir os mecanismos de negociação e venda de jogadores e as correspondentes taxas de intermediação. / The present thesis has as subject the end of the pass and the conservative modernization in the Brazilian soccer. Our object of inquiry consists of the impacts provoked for the end of the pass in the Brazilian soccer in the period of 2001 the 2006, searching to apprehend the characteristics of the civilization process in the Brazilian society by means of the analysis of the new regulation of the relations between clubs and players. It has as empirical clipping 12 clubs of soccer of the series A, B and C of the Brazilian championship. One analyzes the new system of transferences of football players that appeared with the Law Pelé (nº 9.615/98), the processes of modernization, flexibility of the contractual relations of work and the professional construction of one habitus in the Brazilian soccer. The end of the pass is resulted of a set of changes in the legislation and the administrative structure of the soccer, that had beginning with the creation of the Club of the Thirteen, in 1987, consolidating itself with the promulgation of the Law Pelé, and more specifically with the article that establishes freedom of work to the football player. It can be concluded, then, that exactly in view of that the Law Pelé modifies the reception system of work of the professional athletes, it is walked for a regulation of hybrid characteristic, keeping justinian codes of the old pass. Therefore, the modernization conservative of the Brazilian soccer if characterizes for the fact of that the extinguishing of the pass for the Law Pelé (nº 9.615/98) did not guarantee the full freedom of work for the players due to the Decrees and Provisional remedies that they search to preserve the interests of the controllers and entrepreneurs through the system of rescissory fines and indemnities for formation and promotion of the athlete, therefore was not enough to abolish the mechanisms of negotiation and sale of players and the corresponding taxes of negotiation.

A presente tese tem como tema o fim do passe e a modernização conservadora no futebol brasileiro. O nosso objeto de investigação consiste nos impactos provocados pelo fim do passe no futebol brasileiro no período de 2001 a 2006, buscando apreender as características do processo civilizatório na sociedade brasileira mediante a análise da nova regulamentação das relações entre clubes e jogadores. Tem como recorte empírico 12 clubes de futebol das séries A, B e C do campeonato brasileiro. Analisa-se o novo sistema de transferências de jogadores de futebol que surgiu com a Lei Pelé (nº 9.615/98), os processos de modernização, flexibilização das relações de trabalho e contratuais e a construção de um habitus profissional no futebol brasileiro. O fim do passe é resultado de um conjunto de mudanças na legislação e na estrutura administrativa do futebol, que teve início com a criação do Clube dos Treze, em 1987, consolidando-se com a promulgação da Lei Pelé, e mais especificamente com o artigo que estabelece liberdade de trabalho ao jogador de futebol. Pode-se concluir, então, que mesmo tendo em vista que a Lei Pelé altera o sistema de relações de trabalho dos atletas profissionais, caminha-se para uma regulamentação de característica híbrida, mantendo institutos do antigo passe. Portanto, a modernização conservadora do futebol brasileiro se caracteriza pelo fato de que a extinção do passe pela Lei Pelé (nº 9.615/98) não garantiu a plena liberdade de trabalho para os jogadores devido aos Decretos e Medidas Provisórias que buscam preservar os interesses dos dirigentes e empresários através do sistema de multas rescisórias e indenizações por formação e por promoção do atleta, pois não foi suficiente para abolir os mecanismos de negociação e venda de jogadores e as correspondentes taxas de intermediação. / The present thesis has as subject the end of the pass and the conservative modernization in the Brazilian soccer. Our object of inquiry consists of the impacts provoked for the end of the pass in the Brazilian soccer in the period of 2001 the 2006, searching to apprehend the characteristics of the civilization process in the Brazilian society by means of the analysis of the new regulation of the relations between clubs and players. It has as empirical clipping 12 clubs of soccer of the series A, B and C of the Brazilian championship. One analyzes the new system of transferences of football players that appeared with the Law Pelé (nº 9.615/98), the processes of modernization, flexibility of the contractual relations of work and the professional construction of one habitus in the Brazilian soccer. The end of the pass is resulted of a set of changes in the legislation and the administrative structure of the soccer, that had beginning with the creation of the Club of the Thirteen, in 1987, consolidating itself with the promulgation of the Law Pelé, and more specifically with the article that establishes freedom of work to the football player. It can be concluded, then, that exactly in view of that the Law Pelé modifies the reception system of work of the professional athletes, it is walked for a regulation of hybrid characteristic, keeping justinian codes of the old pass. Therefore, the modernization conservative of the Brazilian soccer if characterizes for the fact of that the extinguishing of the pass for the Law Pelé (nº 9.615/98) did not guarantee the full freedom of work for the players due to the Decrees and Provisional remedies that they search to preserve the interests of the controllers and entrepreneurs through the system of rescissory fines and indemnities for formation and promotion of the athlete, therefore was not enough to abolish the mechanisms of negotiation and sale of players and the corresponding taxes of negotiation.

A presente tese tem como tema o fim do passe e a modernização conservadora no futebol brasileiro. O nosso objeto de investigação consiste nos impactos provocados pelo fim do passe no futebol brasileiro no período de 2001 a 2006, buscando apreender as características do processo civilizatório na sociedade brasileira mediante a análise da nova regulamentação das relações entre clubes e jogadores. Tem como recorte empírico 12 clubes de futebol das séries A, B e C do campeonato brasileiro. Analisa-se o novo sistema de transferências de jogadores de futebol que surgiu com a Lei Pelé (nº 9.615/98), os processos de modernização, flexibilização das relações de trabalho e contratuais e a construção de um habitus profissional no futebol brasileiro. O fim do passe é resultado de um conjunto de mudanças na legislação e na estrutura administrativa do futebol, que teve início com a criação do Clube dos Treze, em 1987, consolidando-se com a promulgação da Lei Pelé, e mais especificamente com o artigo que estabelece liberdade de trabalho ao jogador de futebol. Pode-se concluir, então, que mesmo tendo em vista que a Lei Pelé altera o sistema de relações de trabalho dos atletas profissionais, caminha-se para uma regulamentação de característica híbrida, mantendo institutos do antigo passe. Portanto, a modernização conservadora do futebol brasileiro se caracteriza pelo fato de que a extinção do passe pela Lei Pelé (nº 9.615/98) não garantiu a plena liberdade de trabalho para os jogadores devido aos Decretos e Medidas Provisórias que buscam preservar os interesses dos dirigentes e empresários através do sistema de multas rescisórias e indenizações por formação e por promoção do atleta, pois não foi suficiente para abolir os mecanismos de negociação e venda de jogadores e as correspondentes taxas de intermediação. / The present thesis has as subject the end of the pass and the conservative modernization in the Brazilian soccer. Our object of inquiry consists of the impacts provoked for the end of the pass in the Brazilian soccer in the period of 2001 the 2006, searching to apprehend the characteristics of the civilization process in the Brazilian society by means of the analysis of the new regulation of the relations between clubs and players. It has as empirical clipping 12 clubs of soccer of the series A, B and C of the Brazilian championship. One analyzes the new system of transferences of football players that appeared with the Law Pelé (nº 9.615/98), the processes of modernization, flexibility of the contractual relations of work and the professional construction of one habitus in the Brazilian soccer. The end of the pass is resulted of a set of changes in the legislation and the administrative structure of the soccer, that had beginning with the creation of the Club of the Thirteen, in 1987, consolidating itself with the promulgation of the Law Pelé, and more specifically with the article that establishes freedom of work to the football player. It can be concluded, then, that exactly in view of that the Law Pelé modifies the reception system of work of the professional athletes, it is walked for a regulation of hybrid characteristic, keeping justinian codes of the old pass. Therefore, the modernization conservative of the Brazilian soccer if characterizes for the fact of that the extinguishing of the pass for the Law Pelé (nº 9.615/98) did not guarantee the full freedom of work for the players due to the Decrees and Provisional remedies that they search to preserve the interests of the controllers and entrepreneurs through the system of rescissory fines and indemnities for formation and promotion of the athlete, therefore was not enough to abolish the mechanisms of negotiation and sale of players and the corresponding taxes of negotiation.

Jag har valt att skriva en diskursanalys om, och i så fall hur, representativa begrepp i förskolans läroplan Lpfö 98:18 speglar maktförhållandet i majoritetssamhällets normer. Jag har genom att anta ett poststrukturalistiskt perspektiv belyst och analyserat konstruktionen av begreppen demokrati, norm, språk och identitet i förskolans läroplan Lpfö 98:18. Den postkoloniala teorin, vithetsstudier och Foucaults maktteorier har skapat en historisk länk till hur den västerländska konstruktionen av “vithet” och därmed “svenskhet” och den dominerande diskursen “den andre” skapades som en del av kolonialtidens tänkande och som reproduceras idag genom olika maktstrukturer. Resultatet av min analys av ovan angivna begrepp visar att det finns utrymme för att tolka det som att förskolans läroplan reproducerar diskurser om “den andre” och att språkbruket kan kopplas till ett normativt tänkande om “svenskhet”. Pedagogen, är enligt Foucault, en aktör som i sitt arbete implicit kan utöva makt och styra mot den prioriterade “svenskheten”.

No description available.

Le vécu d'événements traumatiques est associé à l'obésité adulte, et cette association s'expliquerait par l'apparition de troubles alimentaire. D’autre part, il semblerait que l’exposition à une expérience traumatique soit associée à des déficits dans la régulation des émotions, eux-mêmes associés à une prévalence plus élevée de troubles alimentaires. Aussi, les capacités de pleine conscience (i.e., prendre conscience de ses pensées, émotions et sensations dans le présent et sans jugement) ont montré un intérêt croissant dans la littérature afin de proposer aux patients obèses de mieux réguler leurs émotions et ainsi leurs comportements alimentaires. Une première partie s’intéressera au rôle de l’exposition à un événement traumatique dans la régulation des conduites alimentaires de patients obèses. Cette partie est composée de deux études : l’une ayant pour objectif de vérifier les associations entre l’exposition à un événement traumatique et la perte de poids postopératoire ainsi que l’évolution des conduites alimentaires en pré- et postopératoire ; et l’autre ayant pour but d’explorer le rôle des stratégies de régulation des émotions et des capacités de pleine conscience dans la relation entre les effets psychopathologiques de l’exposition à un événement traumatique et les conduites alimentaires. Une seconde partie s’intéressera aux effets des entraînements à la pleine conscience sur les conduites alimentaires et l’activité physique de patients obèses. Cette partie est composée de trois études : une étude de cas clinique, une revue systématique et méta-analyse et un essai contrôlé randomisé (étude MindOb). Les résultats de la première partie montrent que les patients opérés d'une chirurgie bariatrique ont plus de risques de perdre moins de poids en postopératoire et d'avoir des troubles alimentaires en pré- et postopératoire lorsqu'ils ont été exposés à un événement traumatique. De plus, auprès de patients non-opérés, l'impact psychologique d'un événement traumatique, ainsi que des stratégies non-adaptatives de régulation des émotions, sont associés à de la détresse psychologique, de l'impulsivité alimentaire et des accès hyperphagiques. Les résultats de la seconde partie montrent que les interventions basées sur la pleine conscience réduisent l'impulsivité alimentaire et les accès hyperphagiques de patients obèses non-opérés. Aussi, les résultats suggèrent que les interventions basées sur la pleine conscience augmentent le niveau d'activité physique des patients obèses. Cette thèse apporte ainsi des éléments de réponse quant à l'intérêt de proposer des techniques psychothérapeutiques favorisant la régulation des émotions des patients obèses. Il semblerait qu'intervenir en préopératoire soit favorable afin d'éviter la persistance et l'apparition de troubles alimentaires. Aussi, les interventions psychothérapeutiques seraient plus efficaces si elles ciblaient les patients ayant vécu des événements traumatiques et/ou souffrant d'accès hyperphagiques. D'autre part, les interventions basées sur la pleine conscience semblent efficaces, mais la méthode d'intervention optimale est encore à identifier. Il reste à vérifier si l'intervention doit être à distance ou en présentiel, quotidienne et sur le long terme ou sur une courte période, complémentaire à un suivi médical et contextualisée aux troubles alimentaires ou plus généraliste. / Exposure to adverse life events has been associated with adult obesity, and could translate into the appearance of eating disorders. Moreover, exposure to adverse life events has been associated with emotional dysregulation, which would be in turn linked to higher prevalence of eating disorders. Furthermore, mindfulness skills (i.e., non-judgmental awareness of thoughts, emotions, and bodily sensations in the present-moment) have been the object of increased attention in the scientific literature as a means to increase emotion regulation and treat eating disorders in obese patients. The first part of this thesis studies the associations of exposure to adverse life events with eating patterns in obese patients. Two studies have been conducted in this part: the first aiming at assessing the association of exposure to adverse life events with postoperative weight-loss, as well as pre- and postoperative eating patterns; and the second aiming at exploring the role of emotion regulation strategies and mindfulness skills in the association of exposure to adverse life events and eating patterns. The second part studies the effects of mindfulness training on eating patterns and physical activity in obese patients. Three studies have been conducted in this part: a clinical case study, a systematic review and meta-analysis, and a randomized controlled trial (MindOb study). The results of the first part showed that bariatric surgery patients exposed to adverse life events are at risk of losing less weight after surgery, as well as having more dysfunctional eating patterns pre- and postoperative. Moreover, with non-operated obese patients, the results showed that the psychological impact of adverse life events and non-adaptive emotion regulation have been associated with psychological distress, impulsive eating, and binge eating. The results of the second part showed that mindfulness training decreased impulsive and binge eating in non-operated patients. Moreover, results showed that mindfulness training could also increase physical activity in these patients. This thesis highlights the need for providing obese patients with psychotherapeutic techniques increasing emotion regulation. The results suggest that pre-surgery interventions could avoid maintenance or the appearance of dysfunctional eating patterns. Moreover, psychotherapeutic interventions would be more effective in the case of patients either exposed to adverse life events or being diagnosed with binge eating disorder. However, while mindfulness training seemed effective, the optimal intervention design has yet to be identified. In fact, the questions of whether such training should be self-help or guided, daily and long-term or short-term, complementary to medical care and adapted to eating disorders or broader, must still be tested.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:27:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Maria Correa Munari.pdf: 437803 bytes, checksum: 6ed793597e77c6e8f0abfa5c74e3fb72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-14 / The work establishes an analysis on behalf of the Constitution Law about the public welfare pension benefit. First, it develops the historical evaluation of the Constitutionalism and the death pension in the Brazilians Constitutions. Then, it gives emphasis to the Constitution of 1988 and the right of the integrality of the death pension left by the civil servant, regarding jurisprudence. It deals, afterwards, with the public welfare reforms that turned into the Amendments 20/98 and 41/03, with approach towards the tribute problem and the situations inflicted by the summit wage. At the end, it outlines the relation lead by the principle of Juridical Security and the public death pension / O objeto deste estudo compreende uma investigação, sob a ótica do Direito Constitucional, no regime próprio do funcionalismo público visto pelo prisma da pensão previdenciária por ele deixada. De início, fornecerá um panorama histórico evolutivo do Constitucionalismo, bem como do benefício post-mortem nas Constituições brasileiras. Em seguida, aprofundar-se-á na análise da Carta Maior de 1988, com destaque à disposição constitucional, no tocante ao pagamento da integralidade da pensão por morte e decisões judiciais acerca do tema. Abrangerá, posteriormente, as reformas previdenciárias que culminaram com as inovações introduzidas pelas Emendas Constitucionais 20/98 e 41/03, com aporte no problema das contribuições vertidas para o sistema e nas situações impostas pelo teto remuneratório. Por fim, delineará uma breve abordagem da imbricação do princípio da segurança jurídica, na esfera da pensão previdenciária pública

This scientific essay begins with three stories that portrays situations where different ways to view and understand the learning process of children in preschool. In the first two stories The Cakegame and Still life the aim is to describe how me, and my colleagues can have different perceptions on our role as preschool teachers. The purpose of the third story Have you done something fun today? is to present how daily interactions with the children’s guardians can create difficulties describing the process of teaching. Considering these differing views, I have, by reflecting, tried to figure out what it is that has brought on these individual perspectives. I have also looked at how the lacking of a common approach in how the teaching is carried out affects the children in questions. In the essay there is a common thread that to a great part is about the practical knowledge but also about the too varying view on children's learning in preschool, things that was revealed to me through my stories. The essay is also about how to compare between how I and other educators choose to support children in their learning through theoretical and practical knowledge but also through our own experiences and approaches. In this essay I will approach the concept of teaching and I will try to unravel what it means especially for myself, but also for other people that will in some way come in contact with the education system. I will compare the forthcoming pre-school curriculum with the current one to see if that will bring any answers to my questions. The theoretical perspectives I have analysed in relation to my own stories is based on concepts on preschool educators competencies described by researches Sonja Sheridan, Anette Sandberg and Pia Williams. A brief analysis about the concept of scaffold play has also been done, which refers to the supportive education while playing. The reflection is divided into two parts and are based on these two questions: How can the educator understand and interpret the learning assignment? as well as How can the educator describe and mediate the learning assignment? / Min vetenskapliga essä börjar med tre berättelser som gestaltar situationer där det framträder olika sätt att både se på, och förstå barns lärande i förskolan. I de första två berättelserna Tårtspelet och Stilleben vill jag beskriva händelser där jag och mina kollegor har skilda uppfattningar om våra roller som lärare i förskolan. I den tredje berättelsen Har ni gjort något roligt idag? vill jag visa på hur svårt det kan vara att i den dagliga kontakten med barnens vårdnadshavare beskriva undervisningsprocessen. Utifrån de skiftande synsätten har jag sedan, genom reflektion, försökt nysta i vad som bidragit till dessa enskilda perspektiv. Jag har även tittat på hur det påverkar barnen i verksamheten då det ofta saknas ett gemensamt förhållningssätt till hur undervisningen praktiseras. I texten framträder en röd tråd som handlar till stor del om praktisk kunskap men även om den alltför varierande syn på barns lärande i förskolan som jag fått syn på i mina berättelser. Den handlar också om att jämföra hur jag och andra pedagoger i förskolan kan stötta barnen i deras lärande genom teoretiska och praktiska kunskaper men också genom egna erfarenheter och förhållningssätt. I min essä närmar jag mig begreppet undervisning och försöker reda ut vad det kan betyda, framförallt för mig själv men även för andra människor som kommer i kontakt med förskolan. Jag jämför den kommande läroplanen med den nuvarande, för att se om den kan ge några svar på mina frågor. De teoretiska perspektiv jag undersökt i förhållande till mina berättelser utgår bland annat från några av de begrepp om förskollärares kompetenser som framlagts av forskarna Sonja Sheridan, Anette Sandberg och Pia Williams. Jag har även kortfattat tittat på begreppet scaffold play som handlar om stöttande undervisning i lek. Reflektionen är uppdelad i två delar utifrån mina frågeställningar; Hur kan pedagogen förstå och tolka lärandeuppdraget? samt Hur kan pedagogen beskriva och förmedla lärandeuppdraget?