Vi, Patricia Contreras och Sarah Ryberg, har i vår studie, Omsorg, fostran och lärande i teori och praktik, valt att genomföra vår undersökning på fyra småbarnsavdelningar på fyra förskolor i en storstad i södra Sverige. Syftet med detta arbete är att ta reda på om omsorg, fostran och lärande bildar en helhet på dessa avdelningar, samt hur pedagoger-na tänker kring och arbetar med att skapa en miljö för småbarn där omsorg, fostran och lärande skapar en helhet. Uppsatsen baseras på frågorna: Hur gestaltar sig omsorg, fost-ran och lärande i den pedagogiska verksamheten på fyra förskolor i en storstad? Och vad lägger pedagogen i begreppen omsorg, fostran och lärande? Metoderna för detta arbete har varit observationer och intervjuer av pedagoger på avdelningarna.Arbetets teoretiska bakgrund baseras på Daniel Sterns, Dion Sommers, Ingrid Pramling Samuelssons och Lev Vygotskijs teorier kring omsorg, fostran och lärande. Kapitel Resultat är en sammanställning av empiri och teori. Varje begrepp har behandlats för sig för att slutligen knyta samman begreppen till en helhet. Slutsatsen av undersökningen är att omsorg, fostran och lärande bildar en helhet i de verksamheter vi har undersökt. Det framgår av arbetet att pedagogerna är konsekventa, då deras uppfattning av begreppen omsorg, fostran och lärande även gestaltar sig i de-ras verksamhet.

Syftet med denna studie är att analysera och söka förståelse för hur genus framträder i bilderboken i både text och bild. Vårt syfte är även att föra en diskussion med pedagoger om deras yttranden och tankar kring genus i bilderboken. Våra frågeställningar i studien blir därför: Hur framträder genus i bilderboken? Vilka tankar uttrycker pedagoger i förskolan om genus och genus i bilderboken? Hur yttrar sig pedagoger i förskolan om bilderboken i förhållande till det formulerade uppdraget om genus i Lpfö 98? Utifrån våra frågeställningar har vi valt att analysera sex bilderböcker i både text och bild, samt intervjuat fyra verksamma förskollärare som arbetar på en förskola i Malmö. Tidigare forskning som vi har använt oss av då vi har fördjupat oss i vårt problemområde är genus, genus i bilderboken och genus i förskolan. Utifrån vår studie gällande de sex bilderböcker som vi har analyserat i text och bild fann vi att många av böckerna inte visar på det traditionellt ”manliga” och ”kvinnliga”. Pedagogerna som vi intervjuat har valt att inte arbeta med genus och motverka traditionella könsroller som det står skrivet om i Lpfö 98. Genus genomsyras i allt och pedagogerna är med och skapar och omskapar genus.

El 98 cubano se instala en la prensa como hecho histórico complejo que diasporiza hacia múltiples problemáticas de reflejo continental. En este sentido, un semanario argentino, de reciente localización, Cuba Libre, y su continuación La República de Cuba, esgrimen una mirada alternativa y complementadora. Para ello, intentaremos identificar las formas de mediatización que del 98 cubano, realizaron los semanarios Cuba Libre y La República de Cuba editados en la ciudad de Buenos Aires entre los años 1896 y 1898. / 98 Cuban establishes himself in the press as historical complex fact that diversifies towards multiple problematic of continental reflection. In this respect, an Argentine weekly, of recent location, Cuba Libre, and his continuation La República de Cuba, they use an alternative look and complement. For it, we will try to identify the forms to mediatize that of 98 Cuban, realized the weeklies Cuba Libre and La República de Cuba edited in the city of Buenos Aires between the year 1896 and 1898.

A la suite d’un criblage pangénomique, nous avons montré que l’inhibition d’un miARN de la famille let-7, miR-98, entraîne une forte accélération de la différenciation musculaire avec hypertrophie des myotubes. Lors de ma thèse, j’ai cherché à comprendre comment miR-98 retarde la différenciation du muscle strié squelettique. Des analyses transcriptomiques dans des myoblastes où ce miARN a été inhibé ont montré la perturbation de l’expression d’environ 240 gènes. Parmi eux, j’ai montré que le répresseur transcriptionnel E2F5 est important pour la régulation de la différenciation musculaire via miR-98, et est directement ciblé par ce miARN. L’inhibition de E2F5 permet de rétablir un niveau de différenciation normal malgré l’inhibition de miR-98. E2F5 est un régulateur important du cycle cellulaire. Sa fonction dans le muscle n’avait pas encore été explorée. Mes résultats montrent que E2F5 accélère le processus de différenciation musculaire. J’ai ensuite montré que E2F5 peut réguler directement des gènes répresseurs de la différenciation musculaire, comme ID1 et HMOX1, et indirectement des répresseurs de la voie TGF-β, expliquant son action sur la différenciation. Au final, miR-98 régule la différenciation du muscle strié squelettique en agissant directement sur l’expression de E2F5, et indirectement sur ses multiples cibles. Mes résultats ont ainsi mis en évidence une nouvelle voie de régulation de la différenciation musculaire : la voie let-7 – E2F5. / A genome-wide screen had previously shown that knocking-down miR-98, a miRNA of let-7 family, leads to a dramatic increase of terminal myogenic differentiation, with myotube hypertrophy. My PhD project aimed to understand how miR-98 delays skeletal muscle differentiation. Transcriptomic analysis of human myoblasts with knocked-down miR-98 revealed that approximately 240 genes were sensitive to miR-98 depletion. Among these potential targets, I have identified the transcriptional repressor E2F5, which turned out to be important for miR-98 regulation of muscle differentiation. Knocking down E2F5 and miR-98 simultaneously had almost fully restored normal differentiation. I have subsequently shown that E2F5, an important cell cycle regulator, is a direct target of miR-98 in muscle, where its function had never been investigated before. My results show that E2F5 is a positive regulator of the muscle differentiation process. E2F5 can directly repress inhibitors of muscle differentiation, such as ID1 and HMOX1, and indirectly regulate TGF-β pathway family members. In conclusion, miR-98 regulates skeletal muscle differentiation by directly regulating E2F5 expression, and thus controlling the expression of multiple E2F5 targets. My results have highlighted a new regulatory pathway of muscle differentiation: the let-7 – E2F5 pathway.

Esta tesis Doctoral pretende delimitar el corpus cuentístico de la extensa obra de José Martínez Ruiz ("Azorín") y ofrecer un estudio diacrónico de tales narraciones. El trabajo consta de dos partes. En la primera, ha sido revisada la noción de cuento literario a la luz de los planteamientos más modernos, realizando una sucinta historia del relato breve español hasta 1898. La segunda-necesariamente más amplia- es un estudio de los cuentos de José Martínez Ruiz. Siguiendo su propia concepción del género-tan susceptible de cambios con el correr de los años- y la que nos dieron prestigiosos azorinista, hemos estudiado más de seiscientos relatos. A través de ellos, descubriremos a un autor que conocía muy bien la tradición cuentística, pero que, a su vez, fue capaz de trazar nuevos y arriesgados caminos para el cuento actual / This Doctoral Thesis intends to detemine the tale corpus within José Martínez Ruiz ("Azorín")'s extensive work and offer a diachronic study of such narrations. The essay consists of two parts. In the first part, the notion of the literray tale has been revised, taking into account the most modern approaches and establishing a succinct view of Spanish short stories until 1898. The second part, wich is necessarily extensive, is a study of José Martínez Ruiz's tales. We have studied over 600 stories, following his own conception of the genre- so likely to change within the course of time- along with the conception provided by some of his most prestigious followers. Through his stories, we discover an author who had a vast knowledge of the traditional tale, yet who nevertheless was able to create new and risky paths for the contemporany tale.

The long digital extensor tendon can suffer trauma with considerable lack of a segment, becoming extremely difficult the primary repair due to muscle contraction and wound contamination. In order to correct this, an experimental model was developed, using 6 adult ponies, weighing betweem 150 to 200 kg. Before the pre surgical adaptation, the animals were submitted to a surgical procedure under general anaesthesia. Through a surgical incision in the right rear limb, a piece of 3cm in length of the long digital extensor tendon was removed. In the tendon gap was implanted an homologus tendon segment preserved in glyceril 98% by mean of a Kessler modified suture, with mononylon 2.0. In the other limb was done a similar defect with excision of 3cm of the same tendon, repaired only with Kessler modified suture, leaving the mononylon strands in the gap, without the use of preserved homograft. After the surgical procedure, an external restraint with acrylic device was applied in both rear legs for a period of 60 days. Ninety days after the surgery all animals went under a new procedure in which, there were done biopsies of both repaired tendons. Besides they went thought histological analysis. It was verified that there was a good healing in both repairing methods. The tendon that was grafted presented advantages such as the dimensions maintenance of the receptor tendon. As well as the peritendineous adherence missing. As for the limb function there was not observed any change, so all animals, regardless of the repairing methods, presented a perfect motion in different trails level. / O tendão do músculo extensor digital longo (TEDL) pode sofrer ferimento traumático com considerável perda de segmento, tornando extremamente difícil o seu reparo primário devido à contratura dos músculos e contaminação da ferida. Com base nesta observação foi elaborado um modelo experimental em que foram utilizados seis pôneis adultos com peso médio de 100 kg. Após o período de adaptação pré-operatória, os animais foram submetidos à intervenção cirúrgica, sob anestesia geral inalatória, onde foi realizada a secção de um segmento de 3cm de comprimento do TEDL do membro posterior direito, mimetizando uma ruptura tendínea total. Em seguida foi implantado na falha tendínea, um segmento de tendão homólogo preservado em glicerina a 98% sendo este fixado aos cotos proximal e distal por meio de sutura de Kessler modificada com fio de nailon onofilamentoso 2.0. No membro contra-lateral foi realizado um defeito semelhante, onde também procedeu-se a retirada de segmento do TEDL medindo cerca de 3cm de comprimento. Para a reparação foi realizada somente a sutura de Kessler, ficando os fios de sutura no espaço criado, orientando desta maneira os cotos tendíneos, diferenciando do procedimento realizado no membro posterior direito pelo fato de não sofrer implantação de segmento tendíneo homólogo preservado. Após o procedimento cirúrgico todos os animais foram submetidos à imobilização externa com gesso acrílico em ambos os membros operados, por um período de sessenta dias, com o objetivo de impedir a flexão da articulação metatarsofalangeana evitando tensão na linha de anastomose . Decorridos noventa dias de pós-operatório, todos os animais passaram por nova intervenção cirúrgica, onde foram realizadas biópsias de ambos os tendões reparados e então submetidos a análise histológica. Onde se verificou adiantado estágio de cicatrização em ambos os métodos de reparo, sendo que o tendão que recebeu o implante apresentou vantagens, como a manutenção do diâmetro e espessura do tendão receptor e ausência de aderências peritendíneas. Quanto à funcionalidade dos membros operados não foi verificada nenhuma alteração digna de nota, pois todos os animais, independente do método de reparo, deambularam perfeitamente nas diferentes fases da marcha.

1 Abstract The main aim of this thesis is to analyse and compare in various aspects two literary works Tiempo de silencio by Luis Martín-Santos and El árbol de la ciencia by Pío Baroja. The work focuses on the social decadence of the society, mainly in the field of science and its insufficiency. In spite of the fifty year, the works of art are linked with similar problems in the area of science. These works of art have many similarities, such as the autobiographical style, the lack of science in the time period and the tragic destiny of the main characters. Baroja, with The Generation 98, considered the topic of science to be very important and due to the underdeveloped state of science in Spain in comparison to the rest of Europe, Spain had to face to the strong criticism. Martín-Santos also shared these views on science and even though he criticised Baroja for his political views, there was still a considerably influence in his first book. Key words: Tiempo de silencio, El árbol de la ciencia, Generation of, 98, science, social decadence

Title: Methods of processing macroseismic data and their application to the 2008 earthquake swarm in western Bohemia Author: Bc. Pavla Procházková Department: Department of Geophysics Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Oldřich Novotný, CSc. Consultant: RNDr. Pavla Hrubcová, PhD. Supervisor's e-mail address: on@karel.troja.mff.cuni.cz Abstract: Abstract: This work evaluates macroseismic observations of the earthquake swarm which occurred in West Bohemia in 2008. The first chapters are devoted to the explanation of basic terms, the geological description of the region and the history of earthquakes in the region. The historical development of macroseismic scales and a detailed description of the EMS-98, used for the evaluation of the 2008 earthquake swarm data, are contained in the following chapters. The main part of the present work deals with the manual macroseismic evaluation of the swarm followed by a description of the program for the automatic evaluation of data. The program results were found to agree with the manual evaluation. In the next part there is a detailed description of a program for drawing isoseismal lines. In the appendix the reader can find an overview of macroseismic scales, sample questionnaires and suggestions to improve the Czech questionnaire. Keywords: macroseismical intensity, EMS-98...

<p>This study highlights how pre-school teachers in a monocultural Swedish district looks at the concept of multiculturalism and what multiculturalism and /or intercultural approaches means in their pre-schools. The study takes its starting point in Johannes Lunneblads thesis "Förskolan och mångfalden" (2006) and Lpfö-98 (2006). The present study is a qualitative study in the form of interviews and the study have an intercultural and intentional perspective. The study shows that preschool teachers in the area perceive multicultural work as a compensatory education for children with non-European background. An analysis of the interviews on a deeper level shows that there is a broader understanding of multiculturalism that includes the class, sexuality and everyone of the children's "home culture”. About the pre-school teachers in this study can be said that there is an intercultural attitude in certain situations.</p>

This study highlights how pre-school teachers in a monocultural Swedish district looks at the concept of multiculturalism and what multiculturalism and /or intercultural approaches means in their pre-schools. The study takes its starting point in Johannes Lunneblads thesis "Förskolan och mångfalden" (2006) and Lpfö-98 (2006). The present study is a qualitative study in the form of interviews and the study have an intercultural and intentional perspective. The study shows that preschool teachers in the area perceive multicultural work as a compensatory education for children with non-European background. An analysis of the interviews on a deeper level shows that there is a broader understanding of multiculturalism that includes the class, sexuality and everyone of the children's "home culture”. About the pre-school teachers in this study can be said that there is an intercultural attitude in certain situations.