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Bakgrund: Den palliativa vården handlar om att vårda patienter i livets slut. Allt sedan dess start under mitten av 1900 talet fram tills nu har den genomgått stora förändringar och meningarna om på vilket sätt denna vård ska genomföras är nu kluvna. Den moderna palliativa vården mål är att ge patienter hälsomässigt god sista tid, när syftet har gått från att bota patienten till att symptomatiskt behandla för att minska smärta och obehag av sjukdom. Syfte Att belysa vilka egenskaper och förmågor sjuksköterskan inom den palliativa slutenvården anser är viktigast för att kunna möta patientens behov i livets slutskede. Metod: I studien genomfördes fem semistrukturerade intervjuer baserade på en intervjuguide enligt Dahlen. Intervjuerna analyserades därefter enligt Graneheim & Lundmans modell. Resultat: Resultatet har presenterats i två kategorier med tillhörande egenskaper och förmågor som framkommit under intervjuerna. Egenskaper och förmågorna som lyfts fram är: ödmjukhet, kommunikation mot kollegor, flexibilitet, lyhördhet, förmågan att se den totala smärtan och kommunikation med patienten. Dessa egenskaper och förmågor är de som informanterna tyckte var viktiga för att kunna ge en god palliativ vård. De intervjuade sjuksköterskorna punkterade dock att de egenskaper och förmågor som lyftes fram som viktiga för palliativ vård även var viktig inom andra vårddiscipliner för att god vård skulle uppnås men att fokus i större utsträckning låg på de sociala bitarna av vården jämfört med andra avdelningar. / Background: Palliative care is about caring for patients at the end of life. From its inception in the mid-1900s until now, it has undergone major changes and the ideas about how this care should be carried out is now divided. The modern palliative care aims to give patients good health-wise last time, when the purpose has shifted from curing the patient to symptomatically treat to reduce the pain and discomfort of illness. Aim: To illustrate the qualities and abilities that nurses in palliative inpatient care consider most important in order to meet the patients’ needs in the final stages of life. Method: Five semi-structured interviews were conducted based on an interview guide created according to Dahlen guidelines. The interviews were then analysed according Graneheim & Lund's model. Results: The results are presented in two major categories and their associated skills and abilities that emerged during the interviews. Skills and abilities highlighted are: humility, communication with colleagues, flexibility, responsiveness, ability to see the total pain and communication with the patient. These skills and abilities are those the informants thought were important in order to provide good palliative care.The interviewed nurses pointed out that these qualities and abilities that were highlighted as important for palliative care was also important in other health care disciplines to achieved good healthcare but the focus on social caring within palliative was practiced in a bigger extent compared to other departments.

The problem of this study was to determine the effects of computer programming instruction on fifth graders, as measured by gains, if any, on tests of logic and problem solving.

Subject In professional literature progressive development of postural stability related to the age during the childhood is documented which is characterized by decline of amplitude and speed deviations. The postural stability becomes similar to adults by primary school children, specifically in the age of 7 to 10 (Shumway-Cook, Woollacott, 2001) and children switch to more accurate strategy of postural control. The period of primary school is described as positive for motor development. Performance in this period is most considerably influenced by biogenetic factors which include growth factors as for instance body height, weight and body composition. An appropriate movement routine with an adequate amount and quality of movement activity is important for development of children's organism by primary school children. Objective The aim of this work is to describe the changes of chosen parameters of postural stability which are related to the age and gender of primary school children and to submit to analysis the changes in chosen parameters of postural stability in connection with somatic characteristics, movement abilities and movement activity. Methods The summarizing statistical research took place at a primary school where 154 children (85 boys, 69 girls) in the age of 7 to 11 were tested....

Objectives: The purpose of this thesis is to explore the associations between childhood cognitive abilities assessed at age 8 and health and socioeconomic outcomes at age 29-36 in extremely low birth weight survivors (ELBW, <1000g). Methods: Using data from the McMaster Extremely Low Birth Weight Cohort Study, Study 1 explores the influence of overall intelligence, fluid intelligence, and language abilities on the prevalence of lifetime major depressive disorder in ELBW survivors and normal birth weight comparison subjects. Study 2 examines the mediating role of overall intelligence, fluid intelligence, language abilities, quantitative reasoning, and academic achievement on the association between being born at ELBW and socioeconomic outcomes at age 29-36. The final study examines the moderating role of childhood cognitive functioning on links between postnatal psychosocial adversity and adult personal earnings in ELBW survivors. Results: Results from Study 1 suggest that childhood cognitive abilities do not influence the onset of major depressive disorder in ELBW survivors, but are protective against depression in normal birth weight individuals. Study 2 suggests that childhood cognitive abilities partially mediate the association between being born at ELBW and income attainment in adulthood, but not full time employment. Further, Study 2 suggests that this association is stronger in ELBW survivors who have neurosensory impairments. Results of Study 3 suggest that enhanced childhood cognitive functioning is not protective against postnatal psychological adversity in influencing income attainment, as those ELBW survivors with higher childhood intelligence and who suffered psychological adversity reported lower annual income at age 30. Conclusions: This thesis suggests that overall and specific cognitive abilities significantly influence adult outcomes in ELBW survivors and normal birth weight individuals. However, while cognitive reserve may not be protective against psychological adversity in ELBW survivors, early cognitive abilities are a critical indicator of socioeconomic attainment in this vulnerable population. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / The following thesis explores the predictive role of childhood cognitive abilities on adult health and socioeconomic outcomes in extremely low birth weight survivors at age 29-36. Study 1 explores the influence of overall intelligence, fluid intelligence, and language abilities assessed at age 8 on the prevalence of lifetime major depressive disorder in extremely low birth weight survivors and normal birth weight comparison participants. Study 2 examines the mediating role of overall intelligence, fluid intelligence, language abilities, quantitative reasoning, and academic achievement on the association between being born at extremely low birth weight and socioeconomic outcomes at age 29-36. The final study examines the moderating role of childhood cognition on the association between postnatal psychosocial adversity and personal income attainment at age 30 in extremely low birth weight survivors. Overall, this body of work suggests that childhood cognitive abilities are an important contributor to adult outcomes in preterm survivors.

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Bakgrund: Agility är en egenskap som är avgörande för tennisspelares prestation. Det är således en egenskap som regelbundet bör tränas och utvärderas. Till detta projekt presenteras ett nyutvecklat och tennisspecifikt test som kan användas för att utvärdera tennisspelares reaktiva agilityförmåga.  Syftet med studien var att utvärdera testets reliabilitet och validitet för att fastställa dess övergripande kvalitet. Ett andra syfte var att undersöka vilka fysiska egenskaper som korrelerade med prestationen på agilitytestet. Metod: Deltagare till studien var 18 tennisspelare (9 flickor och 9 pojkar; ålder 14.5 ± 1.5) med erfarenhet av matchspel på regional samt nationell nivå. Under ett testtillfälle på deltagarnas respektive tennisklubb genomfördes kroppsmätningar, fysiska tester samt agilitytester med en reaktiv komponent (RAG: reactive agility) och utan en reaktiv komponent (CODS: change of direction speed). Resultaten visade på en hög absolut reliabilitet (CV%: 2.69–4.28%) samt hög relativ reliabilitet (ICC:0.802–0.943). Fysiska egenskaper som korrelerade med agilityförmåga var spänst, sprintsnabbhet samt reaktiv styrka. Konklusion: Slutsatsen som kan dras är att det nyutvecklade tennisspecifika agilitytestet är ett reliabelt test som tennisspelare kan använda för att utvärdera sin agilityförmåga men där validiteten inte gick att uttala sig om i några mätbara termer och mer forskning är nödvändig. / Background: Agility is an important ability in tennis and should be trained and evaluated on a regular basis. In this project a newly developed tennis specific reactive agility test is presented.  Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the agility test. A second aim was to analyze correlations between agility performance and physical abilities. Method: The sample consisted of 18 tennis players (9 males and 9 females; age 14.5 ± 1.5) who competed at regional and national level. The variables comprised body dimensions, sprint speed, jump height measures, single leg balance, change of direction speed (CODS) and reactive agility (RAG).  Results: The results showed a high absolute reliability (CV%: 2.69–4.28%) and high relative reliability (ICC:0.802–0.943). Physical abilities that correlated with agility performance was jump height, sprint speed and reactive strength.  Conclusion: The conclusion is that the newly developed reactive agility test is reliable and can be used by tennis players to evaluate agility. The test´s validity is not possible to determine, and more studies are needed.

Föreliggande studie syftar till att undersöka hur lärare undervisar elever på lågstadiet i att läsa och förstå digitala texter i klassrumssammanhang. Studien utgår från det sociokulturella perspektivet som tolkningsram. Materialet i studien bygger på semistrukturerade intervjuer av fyra lärare som undervisar på lågstadiet. Materialet analyserades med hjälp av en innehållsanalys och Rasmussons fem förmågor och kompetenser som krävs vid digital läsning (Rasmusson, 2014). Resultatet i studien visar att lärarna i större utsträckning använder tryckta texter än digitala texter i sin läsundervisning. Ingen av lärarna uttrycker att de medvetet planerar sin undervisning med syfte att eleverna ska träna de förmågor och kompetenser som krävs vid digital läsning. Studiens resultat visar även att när lärare involverar elevernas intresse- och erfarenhetsområden vid val av digitala texter, upplever de att elevernas digitala läsförståelse påverkas positivt. Resultatet visar att det finns en kunskapslucka om bedömning av elevers digitala läsförståelse inom forskningen vilket pekar på ett fortsatt behov av forskning inom detta område.

In Miranda v. Arizona (1966), the Supreme Court of the United States required that custodial arrestees be informed of their constitutional and continuous rights to silence and to legal counsel. Moreover, the ruling mandated that waivers be considered valid only if they were made knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily. However, in the decades that followed, evidence from both caselaw and empirical scholarship clarified that, for many vulnerable populations, these rights are in jeopardy. Among these vulnerable populations, those with limited cognitive capacities (LCCs) have been functionally excluded from research which primarily focused on persons with intellectual disabilities. This thesis offers a novel exploration of the role of specific cognitive impairments on Miranda comprehension and reasoning, with a focus on verbal intelligence (VIQ). Using a large archival sample of pretrial defendants (N = 820), current results suggest that defendants struggled with Miranda abilities regardless of other, individual characteristics. However, verbal intelligence emerged as a very strong predictor of Miranda comprehension such that those with lower VIQ were considerably more vulnerable to impaired comprehension. More so, data suggest that several compounded vulnerabilities (i.e., minoritized racial/ethnic identity status, limited academic achievement, illiteracy) are essential to understanding the extent of vulnerability in the criminal legal system in addition to the negative impacts of cognitive impairments. Several crucial implications for clinical practice and legal decision-making are explored. Finally, essential areas for future research are presented.

The available literature supports the fact that some students experience difficulty learning object-oriented design (OOD) principles. Previously explored predictors of OOD learning difficulties include student characteristics (cognitive activities, self-efficacy), teaching methodologies (teacher centered, course complexity), and student experiences (prior programming experience). Yet, within an extensive body of literature devoted to OOD, two explanations of student difficulty remain largely unexplored: (1) varying conceptualizations of the underlying principles/strategies of OOD, and (2) preparedness or readiness to learn OOD. This research also investigated the extent to which individual differences impacted DRAS and OOD performance. The individual difference measures of interest in this study included college grade point average, prior programming experience, cognitive abilities (spatial orientation, visualization, logical reasoning, flexibility, perceptual style), and design readiness. In addition, OOD performance was measured using two constructs: course grade (exams, labs, programs, overall), and a specially constructed design task. Participants selected from the CS2 course from two southeastern state universities were used within this study, resulting in a sample size of 161 (School A, n = 76; School B, n = 85). School A is a mid-sized comprehensive university and School B is a large research-intensive university. If was found that the schools significantly differed on all measures of prior computer science experience and cognitive abilities. Path analysis was conducted to determine which individual differences were related to design readiness and OOD performance. In summary, this research identified that instructors can not ignore individual differences when teaching OOD. It was found that the cognitive ability visualization, prior OO experience, and overall college grade point average should be considered when teaching OOD. As it stands, without identifying specific teaching strategies used at the schools within this study, this research implies that OOD may require a certain level of practical computer experience before OOD is introduced into the curriculum. The cognitive ability visualization was found to have a significant indirect relationship with overall course grade through the mediating variable design readiness. Further, the results suggest that the DRAS may serve as a viable instrument in identifying successful OOD students as well as students that require supplemental OOD instruction. / Ph. D.