This qualitative case study describes how first year students perceived the impact of living within a living learning community by giving voice to students who wished to not only describe their living experience, but also have this description heard. While living learning communities are not new to Residential Life departments on college campuses, the studies of such programs have predominantly been large scale quantitative studies conducted to assess the overall satisfaction that students feel with living in such a program or to ask one very specific question, typically related to drinking patterns or academic successes. Through the studying of one particular academic living learning community at a specific mid-Atlantic, urban university, I was able to delve deeper into the lives of students and develop a detailed holistic picture of the student experience specifically through the use of student interviews. My small sample, and immersion in the field, permitted an in depth understanding of all aspects of their residential and academic life related to their living learning community experience. The residents took advantage of the research as an opportunity to speak freely about issues that more macro researchers had not considered as potential impacts of student life within a living learning community. The research took place in one residential hall over an entire year. The data was gathered from a series of in-depth interviews and almost daily observations. Studying a select number of students within the community for a full academic year provided the opportunity to ask the same questions on numerous occasions and study how the students' responses changed or remained the same over time. This year long endeavor also permitted my immersion into the community and attendance at programs and events held within the living learning community allowing me to discover five themes relating to the student perspective of living learning communities: The Importance of Family, Social Activities as Opportunities to Bond, Accountability with Regards to Academics, Sense of Exclusivity, and the Importance of Personality on Perception of LLC Success. Through these themes, this study provides one of the few rigorous insights into life in a living learning community from the student perspective directly through the use of student voice, allowing for higher educational leaders and planners to take this individualized perspective into account in the organization, implementation, funding, and assessment of future living learning community endeavors. / Educational Administration

Studiens syfte var att undersöka utländska akademikers upplevelser av mötet med, och inträdet på, den svenska arbetsmarknaden. Studiens frågeställningar: Vilka hinder kan försvåra etableringen på arbetsmarknaden för utländska akademiker? Vilka faktorer kan främja etableringen på arbetsmarknaden för utländska akademiker? Den teoretiska utgångspunkten för studien är hämtad utifrån socialkonstruktivism samt begreppet etnicitet som social konstruktion. Studien är genomförd med kvalitativ forskningsmetod, vilken utfördes med hjälp av semistrukturerade livsvärldsintervjuer. Analysmetoden för studien var IPA (Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis), där gemensamma teman lyftes fram och diskuterades utifrån de teoretiska utgångspunkterna. I resultatavsnittet har studiens frågeställningar besvarats enligt följande: Hinder som kan försvåra etableringen av utländska akademiker på arbetsmarknaden är samhällets föreställningar, sociala kategoriseringar, etnisk diskriminering, strukturella förändringar på arbetsmarknaden samt arbetsgivarnas inflytande. Sammanfattningsvis skildrade studiens resultat hur viktigt det är att belysa att de föreställningar som finns i samhället gällande personer med utländsk bakgrund påverkar synen på individen. Dessa faktorer var de mest centrala elementen och kärnan i det empiriska materialet kopplat till denna frågeställning. De främjande faktorerna till etableringen av utländska akademiker enligt studiens resultat är: Delaktighet, personligt ansvarstagande och betydelsen av utbildning. I enhet med respondenternas upplevelser framgår vikten av att samma anställningskriterier ska gälla för alla oberoende av ens bakgrund eller tillhörighet. Även personligt ansvarstagande visade sig vara betydelsefullt, exempelvis individens egen motivation, styrka och inre resurser. Vidare betonas att det finns tendenser till att samhällets syn på utländska personers resurser är i förändring. Detta på grund av det växande behovet av mångkulturell arbetskraft med flerspråkighet, kulturell kompetens samt akademisk utbildning, med anledning av den stora flyktinginvandring som pågår just nu. Studiens resultat har både gått i linje med tidigare forskning samt gått emot eller visat nya infallsvinklar på tidigare forskningsresultat. / The purpose of this study was to investigate foreign academics' experiences of meeting with, and entry to the Swedish labor market. Study questions: What obstacles could hamper the establishment of the labour market for foreign graduates? What factors can promote the formation of the labour market for foreign graduates? The theoretical starting point for the study is taken on the basis of social constructivism and the concept of race as a social construction. The study was conducted with qualitative research, which was conducted using semi-structured interviews, life-world. The analytical method for the study was the IPA (Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis), where common themes were highlighted and discussed from the theoretical points. In the results section, the study questions were answered as follows: Obstacles that can hinder the establishment of foreign graduates in the labour market is society's beliefs, social categorizations, ethnic discrimination, structural changes in the labour market and employers' influence. In summary, the study's results depicted how important it is to highlight that the perceptions that exist in society concerning people with foreign backgrounds affect the perception of the individual. These factors were the key elements and the core of the empirical material related to this issue. The promotion factors to the establishment of foreign graduates according to the study's results are: Involvement, personal responsibility and the importance of education. The unit with the respondents' experience illustrates the importance of the recruitment criteria should apply to all, regardless of one's background or affiliation. Although personal responsibility proved to be important, such as the individual's own motivation, strength and inner resources. They also stress that there are tendencies that society's view of foreigner's resources is changing. This is because of the growing need for multicultural workforce with multilingualism, cultural competence and academic training, due to the large influx of refugees that is going on right now. The study results have both been in line with previous research, and gone against or demonstrated new angles on previous research.

Motivation är ett relevant ämne för att företag ska kunna motivera och styra anställda på ett optimalt sätt. Anställda som är motiverade är mer produktiva (Linder, 1998) och det leder till att organisation gynnas genom en ökad prestation (Sekhar, Patwardhan, & Singh, 2013). Det finns många faktorer att ta hänsyn till när människors motivation studeras, exempelvis kan typ av målgrupp påverka hur motivationen ser ut. Syftet med studien är att utforska vad professionella motiveras av och vidare undersöka om motivationen skiljer sig mellan olika karriärstadier, med hänsyn till både ålder och titel, och i så fall hur. Utefter det teoretiska ramverket som delat in motivation i inre och yttre motivation har sedan hypoteserna utvecklats. Hypoteserna har vidare testats med en validerad skala (Amabile, Hill, Hennessey, & Tighe, 1994). Uppsatsen baseras på en enkätundersökning med professionella akademiker inom företagsekonomi som målgrupp, vilket resulterade i 134 svarande. Datamaterialet har sedan genom en explorativ faktoranalys kunnat dela in motivation i fem faktorer; kontroll och förståelse, erkännande, motprestation, problemlösning samt belåtenhet. Utfallet av studien visar att det inte kan fastställas att det finns samband mellan karriärstadier och titel. Däremot kan det fastställas att professionella är mer inre motiverade individer utifrån målgruppen akademiker inom företagsekonomi. / What motivates professionals in various career stages? Motivation is a relevant subject for companies to motivate and direct employees in an optimal way. Employees that are motivated are also more productive (Linder, 1998), benefitting the organization with an overall increased performance (Sekhar, Patwardhan, & Singh, 2013). There are several factors to consider when studying the motivation of people, e.g. the type of target group can affect the motivation. The aim of this study is to investigate what professionals are motivated by and further study the difference in motivation between various career stages, regarding age and title, to study their effects. The hypotheses were put forth in accordance with the framework that divides motivation into intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Furthermore, the hypotheses were tested with a validated scale (Amabile, Hill, Hennessey, & Tighe, 1994). The study is based on inquiries of professional academics within the business field of study, with 134 respondents. With an exploratory factor analysis, the motivation was divided into five factors; control and understanding, recognition, return, problem solving, and contentment. The results of the study show that the correlation between career stages and title are inconclusive. However, it was determined that professional academics, within the business field of study, are more intrinsically motivated individuals.

Cette thèse met en question la place du territoire dans les missions universitaires à partir de deux cas d’étude Syracuse University (État de New York, États-Unis) et Paris Nanterre (France). L’analyse propose le concept d’implication universitaire et interroge alors les positionnements et actions volontairement entrepris par des universités ou des universitaires envers et avec des acteurs non académiques pour apporter une contribution à la société dans le cadre de leurs missions et activités universitaires. L’approche comparée met en regard deux universités qui portent une posture d’université engagée comme levier de différenciation et d’attractivité institutionnelle en fonction de leurs modèles nationaux respectifs. L’analyse de la mise en œuvre de cette posture d’implication met en lumière les contrastes de moyens d’action des deux établissements, tout en distinguant des logiques de territorialisation communes : le territoire de l’université est à la fois cadre d’inscription, terrain d’investissement et enjeu de transformation et de délimitation. L’échelon des enseignants-chercheurs est enfin étudié dans ses rapports avec l’institution de rattachement, mettant en lumière à la fois les types d’incitations adressées par les universités à leurs membres pour les intégrer à leurs projets et politiques d’implication territoriale, et les stratégies des enseignants-chercheurs à l’égard de leur établissement. / This thesis deals with the place of the territory in university missions using two case studies: Syracuse University (New York State, United States) and Paris Nanterre (France). Based on the concept of university engagement, the analysis questions the positions and actions voluntarily undertaken by universities or academics to contribute to society issues. The comparative approach looks at two universities that are using their commitment as an argument to be more attractive according to their respective national models. The leaders of the two universities promote a renewed theorization of the university's missions and its territorial functions. The analysis of the implementation of this posture of engagement highlights the different means of action of the two institutions, while distinguishing similar territorial logics: the territory of the university is at the same time a frame of action, a land of investment, and an asset to be changed and defined the way the universities want it to be. The faculty level is also studied in its relations with the institution, highlighting at the same time various types of incentives addressed by the universities to their members to integrate them in their projects, and the faculty strategies towards their institution.

A aplicação do processo de enfermagem tem a finalidade de impulsionar o profissional da área de enfermagem com possibilidades da prestação de cuidados individualizados, centrada nas necessidades humanas básicas, e, além de ser aplicado à assistência, pode nortear tomadas de decisão em diversas situações vivenciadas pelo enfermeiro enquanto gerenciador da equipe de enfermagem. A escolha para realizar a ação assistencial com as mulheres encarceradas no presídio da região do Cariri, foi motivada pela continuidade de um projeto de assistência, que visa propiciar um campo para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa que atende a temática, despertando nos acadêmicos de Enfermagem um novo caminho para estudos científicos, sobretudo vem atender à necessidade da comunidade com a educação e saúde na prevenção, promoção e qualidade de vida. Tal ação teve seu início em março de 2011, operacionalizada como um processo voluntário e se desenvolveu mensalmente, quando foram realizadas as consultas de enfermagem, coletivas e individual, cujo direcionamento foi voltado para prevenção e promoção de saúde, através da realização dos exames para detecção precoce do câncer cérvico-uterino, câncer de mama, doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, consulta de pré-natal e puerpério, ações educativas sobre auto cuidado e higiene, e campanhas de vacinas. Para a realização das consultas de enfermagem contou-se sempre com a presença de uma agente penitenciária como forma de garantir a segurança da equipe. Foi utilizado como instrumento para as consultas de enfermagem, o SAE - Sistema de Assistência a Enfermagem. Objetivou-se com este estudo, desenvolver estratégias de aplicabilidade na promoção e prevenção a saúde da mulher encarcerada, na região do Cariri, além disso, analisar a trajetória metodológica da formação do acadêmico de enfermagem. Investigou-se as dificuldades encontradas pelos acadêmicos, para prestar uma assistência qualificada e por não terem este aporte na vida acadêmica, e ainda, como ocorreu e continua ocorrendo essa aprendizagem ao longo de suas vidas, há uma preocupação de se identificar metodologias alternativas para ação educativa. Foi elaborado um formulário de registro, em que, além dos dados de caracterização sócio demográfica das mulheres, foram armazenados os diagnósticos de enfermagem. Para acompanhar na realização das consultas de enfermagem, foram selecionados vinte estudantes do curso de enfermagem de uma instituição privada, através de uma avaliação classificatória, com media igual ou superior a 7.0, e que já tivesse cursado a disciplina saúde coletiva, e dessa forma aprimorar o seu conhecimento e interação no cuidar da saúde da mulher. Nossos resultados apontam que na unidade prisional não existe uma política de prevenção voltada para a prevenção da mulher, acarretando problemas de saúde e consequentemente um quadro clinico de risco. Através dos exames realizados de prevenção de colo de útero e mama verificou-se a ocorrência de sífilis, candidíase e triconomíase, como doenças prevalentes. O câncer de colo de útero no município investigado, é visto como um grande problema de saúde Pública, que atinge mulheres com maior vulnerabilidade social, onde se enquadram as barreiras de acesso aos serviços de saúde que diagnostica precocemente e trata a doença em foco. O principal exame eficaz e capaz de detectar precocemente o câncer uterino é o exame Papanicolau, por isso sua realização anualmente é de extrema importância para a saúde da mulher. Além de promover a prevenção e saúde das mulheres no presidio, desenvolvemos práticas pedagógicas significativas, viabilizando a aprendizagem, motivando e ampliando a compreensão critica dos discentes, na prática docente, e assim, concluir o processo de formação continuada de professores\aluno no contexto acadêmico um elo de ensino\aprendizagem. / The application of nursing proceedure provides to nurses the possibility of providing individualized care focused on basic human needs, and can guide decision-making in various situations experienced by nurses while managing nursing staff. This study is part of an assistance project on jailed women from the prison of the Cariri region, which aimed to afford a space for the implementation of research that responds to their need, triggering to nurse students, new way to do scientific studies, and above all, to respond to community need with education and health, in the prevention and promotion of quality of life. This action started by March 2011 and operated as a voluntary process. It was done monthly, individually and collectively during nursing appointments. These appointments or consultations aimed at the prevention and promotion of health, through health examinations for early detection of cervical cancer, breast cancer, sexually transmitted diseases, pre- and post-natal consultations, educational actions about personal care and personal hygiene, and also during vaccination campaigns. The nursing consultations were always done in the presence of a penitentiary agent to ensure our security. The Nursing Care System-SAE was used for nursing consultations. Nurse students encountered difficulties to provide quality assistance to jailed women, in part, because, they have not received this formation in their curriculum. The lack of such formation still occurs nowadays, rising the need for alternative educational actions. A registration form containing socio-demographic datla of jailed women and their nursing diagnoses was elaborated and stocked. Twenty students in the Nursing Program of a private institution were selected through satisfactory evaluation to monitor nursing consultations. As a pre-requisite, these students have undertaken the discipline Collective Health and thus, were expected to improve their knowledge in women health care. Our results demonstrate that the prison unit does not have a prevention policy for women, leading to health problems and consequently a clinical risk scenario. From the health examinations, it was found that syphilis, candidiasis and trichomoniasis were the prevalent diseases. The cervical cancer is regarded in the investigated municipality as a serious public health problem that affects women with higher level of social vulnerability. They face difficulties in getting access to public services in order to diagnose and treat the disease. The main effective test capable of detecting early cervical cancer is the Panicolaou test. Therefore, it is extremely important for women to do it once a year for health promotion.

Students taking courses in developmental mathematics do so in one of three modalities - some take the classes face-to-face in a classroom with a professor who is physically present, others take the classes in what is known as a blended or hybrid mode in which the professor uses a combination of classroom and online time to teach the course, and another group takes the classes completely online. Increasingly, a growing number of students are taking these courses in a hybrid mode or completely online, and this phenomenon is causing educators to redesign their programs, offering more courses in these two modalities. However, some program leaders do so without any data about the achievement and course completion rates of students in the different modalities. This research 1) investigated the achievement rates of students taking an eight week developmental mathematics course, taught in three different modalities and 2) investigated the course completion rates of students taking an eight week developmental mathematics course, taught in three different modalities. Specifically, the purpose of this study was to examine the achievement and course completion rates of students enrolled in an eight week developmental mathematics course, Elementary Algebra, based on the delivery modality. The study was conducted at a large multi-campus institution located in the southeast United States as the research site. The theories used to frame the research were the Information Processing Theory and Cognitive Load Theory.

Som en följd av flyktingvågen 2015 inleddes en satsning som syftade till att underlätta integrationsprocessen samtidigt som det skulle effektivisera matchningen mellan kompetens och efterfrågan på arbetsmarknaden. Ett av de projekt som initierades inriktades på att förmedla praktikplatser till nyanlända akademiker med kompetens inom vissa bristområden.   Studien har inriktats på arbetsgivarmotiv för att delta i praktikaktiviteter för nyanlända akademiker samt resultatet av dessa. Syftet har varit att konceptualisera arbetsgivarmotiv till och resultat av arbetspraktiken. Undersökningen har genomförts med en metodkombination av sekundärdata från arbetsgivarundersökningar samt egen insamlad empiri från intervjuer med arbetsgivarrepresentanter. Resultat presenteras under flera steg där motiven förklaras utifrån en teoretiserad motivmodell för att sedan användas för att tolka arbetsgivarmotiv ur både ett retoriskt och ett mer erfarenhetsbaserat perspektiv. Motivens relation till det ursprungliga arbetsmarknadspolitiska syftet har undersökts och slutligen har ett önskvärt resultat av arbetspraktiken identifierats och förklarats. / As a result of the refugee wave of 2015 an effort was initiated to facilitate the integration process and at the same time improve the matching efficiency of competence and demand at the labour market. One of the initiated projects focused on mediating internships for newcomer academics with competence from certain shortage areas. The study focused on employer motives for participating in internship activities targeting newcomer academics and their outcomes. The purpose was to conceptualize employer motives for and outcomes of internships. The study was carried out with a combination of methods of secondary data from employer polls and own collected empirics from interviews with employer representants. The result was presented in multiple steps where the motives was explained from a theorized model of motives to be used for analysing employer motives from a rhetorical and more experience-based perspective. The motives relation with the initial labour market policy purpose was examined and finally a desirable outcome was identified and explained.

This study examined the effect of enhanced electronic access to information on patterns of scholarly communication. Using a panel typology, the academics at the Australian National University were surveyed in 1991 and again in 1994, with the data collected by means of mailed questionnaires. The research drew on the literature of scholarly communication and information-seeking behaviour. Principles of systems theory were used to explain the changes taking place within the academics' environments, including both the system of scholarly communication and the culture of the three disciplinary groupings: science, social science and the humanities. Three research questions directed the study focussing on the effect of enhanced electronic access to information on the academics' use of the library and on their patterns of information seeking and dissemination. Results found that between 1991 and 1994, while some aspects of communication technologies - such as email - had been almost universally adopted, overall, few changes had taken place in academics' information related behaviour. Scientists were more likely to have adopted the new technologies than social scientists or scholars from the humanities. However, there was strong evidence that a small group of academics were adopting the new technologies with enthusiasm suggesting that the overall pattern of use would change in the future.

Academia is a demanding profession, as evidenced by a body of research that documents the debilitating impact of occupational stress and burnout on the personal and professional welfare of academics. In particular, high levels of these pathological phenomena, left unchecked, undermine the quality, productivity and creativity of the academics' work in addition to their health, well-being and morale. Despite these indicators of "weaknesses" and "malfunctioning", academics know that there is times that they operate in a "milieu" of work - there is an intense focus and pleasurable emotions, accompanied by high levels of enthusiasm. Especially, with the upcoming positive paradigm in Occupational Health Psychology, "positive" trends such as work engagement, optimism, organisational commitment and life satisfaction are also commonplace among academics. The first step in the enhancement of work wellness is the successful diagnosis of stress, burnout and work engagement. However, to measure these constructs, it is important to use reliable and valid instruments, and at the same time, take into account the cultural diversity in a multicultural setting such as South Africa. Clearly then, an assessment of this type should be concerned with the issue of construct equivalency. Furthermore, little information exists regarding the causes and effects of occupational stress, burnout and work engagement of academics in South Africa. The general aim of this study was to standardise an adapted version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) for academics in South African higher education institutions, to determine their levels of occupational stress, organisational commitment and ill-health, and to test a structural model of work wellness for South African academics. A cross-sectional survey design was used, with stratified random samples (N = 595) taken of academics in six South African universities. The Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, Job Characteristics Inventory, the Health and Organisational Commitment subscales of the ASSET, The Life Orientation Test and Satisfaction with Life Scale were administered. Cronbach alpha coefficients, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlations, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-tests and multiple regression analysis were used to analyse the data. Structural equation modelling was used to test a structural model of work wellness. Exploratory factor analysis with target rotations resulted in a three-factor model of burnout, consisting of Exhaustion, Mental Distance and Professional Efficacy. The scales showed acceptable internal consistencies and construct equivalence for two language groups. Practically significant differences were found in the burnout levels of academics with regard to their age, marital status and working hours. Exploratory factor analysis with target rotations resulted in a two-factor model of work engagement, consisting of Vigour/Dedication and Absorption. The scales showed acceptable construct equivalence for two language groups (Afrikaans and English). One scale, namely Vigour/Dedication showed acceptable internal consistency. Practically significant differences were found between the work engagement of academics with different job levels and qualifications. Compared to the normative data, academics reported significantly high levels of stress relating to pay and benefits, overload and work-life balance. Academics also reported high levels of psychological ill-health, but experienced high levels of commitment both from and towards their organisation. Organisational commitment did not moderate the effects of occupational stress on ill-health. Analysis of variance revealed differences between the levels of occupational stress and ill-health of demographic groups. Regarding a model of work wellness, the results showed that job demands contributed to burnout, while job resources contributed to work wellness (low burnout and high work engagement). Burnout mediated the relationship between job demands and ill-health; work wellness mediated the relationship between job resources and organisational commitment. Dispositional optimism moderated the effects of a lack of job resources on work engagement. Work wellness and health contributed to life satisfaction. Recommendations for future research were made. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Academia is a demanding profession, as evidenced by a body of research that documents the debilitating impact of occupational stress and burnout on the personal and professional welfare of academics. In particular, high levels of these pathological phenomena, left unchecked, undermine the quality, productivity and creativity of the academics' work in addition to their health, well-being and morale. Despite these indicators of "weaknesses" and "malfunctioning", academics know that there is times that they operate in a "milieu" of work - there is an intense focus and pleasurable emotions, accompanied by high levels of enthusiasm. Especially, with the upcoming positive paradigm in Occupational Health Psychology, "positive" trends such as work engagement, optimism, organisational commitment and life satisfaction are also commonplace among academics. The first step in the enhancement of work wellness is the successful diagnosis of stress, burnout and work engagement. However, to measure these constructs, it is important to use reliable and valid instruments, and at the same time, take into account the cultural diversity in a multicultural setting such as South Africa. Clearly then, an assessment of this type should be concerned with the issue of construct equivalency. Furthermore, little information exists regarding the causes and effects of occupational stress, burnout and work engagement of academics in South Africa. The general aim of this study was to standardise an adapted version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) for academics in South African higher education institutions, to determine their levels of occupational stress, organisational commitment and ill-health, and to test a structural model of work wellness for South African academics. A cross-sectional survey design was used, with stratified random samples (N = 595) taken of academics in six South African universities. The Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, Job Characteristics Inventory, the Health and Organisational Commitment subscales of the ASSET, The Life Orientation Test and Satisfaction with Life Scale were administered. Cronbach alpha coefficients, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlations, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-tests and multiple regression analysis were used to analyse the data. Structural equation modelling was used to test a structural model of work wellness. Exploratory factor analysis with target rotations resulted in a three-factor model of burnout, consisting of Exhaustion, Mental Distance and Professional Efficacy. The scales showed acceptable internal consistencies and construct equivalence for two language groups. Practically significant differences were found in the burnout levels of academics with regard to their age, marital status and working hours. Exploratory factor analysis with target rotations resulted in a two-factor model of work engagement, consisting of Vigour/Dedication and Absorption. The scales showed acceptable construct equivalence for two language groups (Afrikaans and English). One scale, namely Vigour/Dedication showed acceptable internal consistency. Practically significant differences were found between the work engagement of academics with different job levels and qualifications. Compared to the normative data, academics reported significantly high levels of stress relating to pay and benefits, overload and work-life balance. Academics also reported high levels of psychological ill-health, but experienced high levels of commitment both from and towards their organisation. Organisational commitment did not moderate the effects of occupational stress on ill-health. Analysis of variance revealed differences between the levels of occupational stress and ill-health of demographic groups. Regarding a model of work wellness, the results showed that job demands contributed to burnout, while job resources contributed to work wellness (low burnout and high work engagement). Burnout mediated the relationship between job demands and ill-health; work wellness mediated the relationship between job resources and organisational commitment. Dispositional optimism moderated the effects of a lack of job resources on work engagement. Work wellness and health contributed to life satisfaction. Recommendations for future research were made. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.