Idag ställs höga krav på gott inomhusklimat och tillfredsställande termisk komfort. Tack vare flera tekniska innovationer går det att möta dessa behov, men detta medför att installationssystemen i dagens flerbostadshus tar allt mer plats. Samtidigt som tekniken får ta mer och mer plats har utvecklingen på projekteringssidan gått i en helt annan riktning. Arkitekten har istället kommit att bli en av de många konsulter som specialiserar sig på sin del av projektet (Östnäs, 1984). Att dessa utvecklingar skett åt olika håll skapar ett kunskapsgap mellan teknikkonsulter och arkitekter i dagens byggprojekt. 54% av respondenterna i denna studie, uppger att kunskapsgapet mellan A och VVS är så stort att det skapar problem i projekteringen och 35% av respondenterna anger att det ofta bidrar negativt till slutresultatet i form av nödlösningar. Detta examensarbete syftar till att undersöka om samordningen mellan arkitekt och VVS-projektör kan förbättras genom att överbrygga installationskunskap. Studien begränsas till att omfatta enbart samordning mellan Arkitekt och VVS-projektör och avgränsas alltså mot övriga projektörer i ett byggprojekt. Undersökningen fokuserar på samordning i tidigt skede av projekteringen, programskede. Hypotesen är att det generellt finns ett behov av ökad installationssamordning i projekteringen, denna testades genom en kvantitativ undersökning i form av en webbenkät. Totalt deltog 99 personer i undersökningen. Med hjälp av statistisk analys i form av hypotestest påvisades att det generellt finns ett behov av ökad samordning, hypotesen gick att bevisa. Utöver det identifierades, med hjälp av hypotestest I, att det behövs en förändring i vilka projektörer som ingår i projektet i programskede. De oftast förekommande samordningsproblemen identifierades genom kvalitativa djupintervjuer med elva verksamma projektörer och två branschexperter. Här framgick att de problem som förkommer i störst utsträckning är storlekar på fläktrum och placeringar av schakt. De problem som medför störst konsekvenser var vertikala utrymmen. Orsaken till uppkomsten av problem menar många är bristande kunskap eller erfarenhet från arkitektens sida. Arkitekter i sin tur uppger att det beror på ändringar i sena skeden från beställarens eller vvs-projektörens håll. Majoriteten hävdar att om vvs-projektören kom in i ett tidigare skede så skulle problemen minska. Därefter utvecklades, under en workshop med 5 deltagande projektörer ett förslag till hjälpmedel. Kontentan från den workshopen var att om vvs-projektören kommer in i projektet i tidigt skede, programskede, så kan rätt förutsättningar sättas tidigt. Förslag om kreativa startmöten uppkom bland annat. Deltagarna var även överens om att det bästa sättet att förmedla installationskunskap är att utbilda, detta dels genom tvärfackliga projekt under arkitektutbildningen, dels genom kurser eller platsbesök för de praktiserande arkitekterna. Ur samtlig insamlad data formades ett hjälpmedel för att möta de identifierade behoven. Detta hjälpmedel blev en checklista för hur möten och konsultation mellan A och VVS ska ske i programskede. Checklistan tydliggör ansvar och förväntningar för båda parter. Detta hjälpmedel testades sedan experimentellt i ett gestaltningsförslag. Gestaltningsförslaget är ett flerbostadshus på fastigheten Kv. Notstället 5 & 6 i Eskilstuna kommun. I programhandlingen, som utgör resultatet av experimentet, presenteras även lösningar för installationssystem. Hjälpmedlets förmåga att möta de identifierade behoven utvärderades med slutsatsen att behoven tillgodoses men att ett kompletterande verktyg för ökad installationskunskap kan behövas. Hjälpmedlet anses inte bekosta projektet på arkitektoniska kvaliteter i så stor mån utan skapat mervärde genom nya innovationer samt att överraskningar undveks. Som forskningsämne har detta projekt väckt stort intresse i branschen. Insikter från denna studie är att tvärfacklig kommunikation och kunskapsöverföring mellan disciplinen generellt är ett intressant ämne att studera. De samlade resultaten från denna studie pekar på att en förändring i arbetsrätt under tidigare skeden i projekteringen är något som bör ske. Detta för att effektivisera projekteringen och säkerställa god kvalitet i slutprodukten, våra flerbostadshus. / Sweden has high statutory standards for inside climate and thermic comfort in buildings. Because of technical advances these requirements can be met, but at a cost. Increasingly effective HVAC and plumbing systems are linked to a larger volume claim for units, pipes and ducts. As the systems grow the design aspect moves in a contrary direction. A direction where the role of the architect has changed to become a consulting part (Östnäs 1984). These diverging developments has triggered a knowledge gap between technical engineers and architects. 54% of respondents on this study claim that this gap causes problems, and 35% claim that it often contributes negatively to the end result in the form of having to resort to last minute solutions. This master thesis aims to investigate if the coordination between architects and HVAC & plumbing engineers can be improved by bridging the knowledge gap. The study is limited to only encompass the coordination between these two groups and leaves out remaining disciplines and parties. The focus of this study is directed to the early stages in the building design process. The hypothesis suggests that there exists a need for further coordination regarding installations design. This has been tested through a quantitative survey consisting of a web form with a total of 99 respondents. This data was then statistically analyzed in the form of hypothesis testing, which concluded there exists a general need for improved coordination. Furthermore, hypothesis test I showed that there is also need for a change regarding which disciplines should be involved in early stages of projects. The most common coordination problems were identified by a quantitative study consisting of interviews with eleven projectors and two branch experts. The two most coveted aspects were the volumetric size of room containing ventilation machinery and the placing of vertical shafts. Where vertical spaces caused greatest consequences. The reason for these problems, according to many, being an acute lack of interdisciplinary knowledge or experience from the architect. On the other hand, architects claim this is due to changes being made in latter stages of projects by other disciplines or the client. The majority claim that a solution is to bring in the HVAC & plumbing engineer in an earlier stage. Following this a workshop including five professionals was carried out to draft up a solution. It established that if the HVAC & plumbing engineer is brought in at an earlier stage it allows for the right conditions to be set. Suggestions regarding creative start up meetings were introduced. Participants agreed that the best way to mediate knowledge about installations is to educate through both interdisciplinary projects at universities, and also through courses or site visits for architects. To meet the identified needs a solution was constructed from collected data. This solution took the form of a checklist to help guide how meetings between the architect and HVAC & plumbing engineer should be carried out in early stages. The checklist clarifies responsibility and expectations for both parts. This solution was then tested through a simulated design project. The project consists of an apartment building property for Notstället 5 & 6 in Eskilstuna municipality. A solution for the installations is presented. The checklists ability to meet the identified needs were concluded to suffice but an additional tool for bridging the knowledge gap further would be beneficial. The use of this solution did not cause any significant negative consequences on the architectural qualities, but created value by discovering new innovative solutions, in addition to preventing unplanned surprises from arising. As a research topic this project has sparked interest in the branch. Insights from this study concludes that interdisciplinary communication and knowledge transfer between disciplines in general is an interesting topic to study.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-21T22:53:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 65c.pdf: 622449 bytes, checksum: 20ae11b2c0d29b4d8015140ea571cbb7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-21T22:53:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 65c.pdf: 622449 bytes, checksum: 20ae11b2c0d29b4d8015140ea571cbb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-25 / Nenhuma / Partindo do pressuposto de que todo negro é um ser arquiteto, a presente pesquisa busca evidenciar a possibilidade de identidades negras individuais - múltiplas noções de negritudes. A situação cromática e a conduta arquitetônica do indivíduo o leva a um olhar diferenciado e contemporâneo de identidade negra, onde a existência identitária individual negra não refuta a coletiva. Com acepções teóricas próprias e fundamentadas em autores como Guimarães (2003), Honneth (2003), Nogueira (1985), Simmel (1977), entre outros, dissertamos sobre a existência real e intensa da Ideologia de Africanidade e as múltiplas noções de negritudes, levando em consideração a atuação do preconceito de marca. A incursão empírica desenvolvida, de forma qualitativa, realizada em duas cidades mato-grossenses, utilizou como modalidade de pesquisa a observação participante, combinada a outras técnicas de pesquisa. A trajetória teórica e empírica possibilitou-nos obter resultados favoráveis sobre a existência das múltiplas noções de negritudes, que não simplifica a existência do negro ser arquiteto. / Assuming that all black is a human architect, this research seeks to demonstrate the possibility of individual black identities - multiple notions of blackness. The situation in color and architectural behavior of the individual to take it a different view, contemporary black identity, which gives individual identity, does not refute the black collective. With own meanings theoretical and based on authors such as Guimarães (2003), Honneth (2003), Nogueira (1985), Simmel (1977), among others, spoke about the real existence of intense and Ideology of African and multiple notions of blackness, taking into account the performance brand of prejudice. The incursion of thumb developed in a qualitative way, held in two cities in Mato Grosso, used as a form of participant observation research, combined with other research techniques. The theoretical and empirical trajectory allowed us to obtain favorable results on the existence of different definitions of blackness, which does not simplify the existence of black a human architect.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:39:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaM.pdf: 457840 bytes, checksum: bf4b3acdf176b25088129393a942d019 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-10-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The creation of the Humanization Program of Hospital Care and the increasing number of academic works and journal articles that discuss more humane practices in the health care services express the emphasis given to the theme in Brazil. In these discussions, however, it is not usual to find reference to architecture as a relevant factor in the humanization of hospitals, even though it is known that the physical structure of the building may help the recovering of the patients; elements such as gardens, the use of colors and open spaces may soften the impact caused by the hospital routine on patients. Considering the contribution the architectural project may bring to the humanization of hospitals, the aim of this study was to verify how the architects perceive the hospital humanization process. Besides having searched for subsides in informal interviews with health professionals, in visits to hospitals and in related seminars, the study was based on semi-structured interviews with architects of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, who are specialists in this kind of projects. The content analysis of the interviews showed that physical space and attendance are essential to the humanization process. Those professionals see two humanization tendencies: while private hospitals have the structural physical appearance considered as humanized, public hospitals emphasize the humanization in attendance, fact that illustrates the contradictions in Brazilian health system. The interviewees consider the post-occupancy evaluation of the building as a learning exercise that contributes to new projects, but surprisingly they do not mention the patients opinion as part of it. Two annoying facts have emerged from the interviews, as also seen in preliminary stages of the study: rare are the works that focus on the person-environment relationship, and the definition of humanized hospital environments is still broad and inaccurate. This suggests the need of new studies in order to better understand how the two factors shown in this study attendance and physical space interact towards a true hospital humanization / A cria??o do Programa de Humaniza??o da Assist?ncia Hospitalar e o n?mero crescente de artigos e teses que discutem pr?ticas mais humanas no atendimento em sa?de expressam a ?nfase dada ao tema no Brasil. Nessas discuss?es, entretanto, n?o costuma haver refer?ncia ? arquitetura como fator relevante para a humaniza??o hospitalar, embora j? se saiba que a estrutura f?sica do edif?cio pode auxiliar no restabelecimento dos pacientes; elementos como jardins, uso de cores e espa?os abertos podem amenizar o impacto causado pela rotina hospitalar sobre os pacientes. Considerando a contribui??o que o projeto arquitet?nico pode trazer para a humaniza??o de hospitais, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a percep??o dos arquitetos acerca do processo de humaniza??o hospitalar. Al?m de ter buscado subs?dios em entrevistas informais com profissionais de sa?de, em visitas a hospitais e semin?rios sobre o assunto, a pesquisa foi baseada em entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os arquitetos de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, especialistas neste tipo de projeto. A an?lise do conte?do das entrevistas revelou que espa?o f?sico e atendimento s?o essenciais ao processo de humaniza??o. Para aqueles profissionais, h? duas tend?ncias de humaniza??o: enquanto hospitais privados t?m a apar?ncia f?sica de sua estrutura considerada como humanizada, hospitais p?blicos enfatizam a humaniza??o do atendimento, num contraste que refor?a as contradi??es do sistema de sa?de do pa?s. Os entrevistados consideram a avalia??o do edif?cio depois de entregue ao uso um exerc?cio de aprendizagem que contribui para novos projetos, mas, surpreendentemente, n?o contemplam a opini?o dos pacientes. Confirmam-se duas inquieta??es decorrentes dos levantamentos preliminares: raros s?o os trabalhos que focalizam as rela??es pessoa-ambiente, e a defini??o de ambiente hospitalar humanizado ainda ? abrangente e imprecisa. Isso sugere a necessidade de novas pesquisas para compreender melhor como os dois fatores apontados neste estudo atendimento e espa?o f?sico interagem para uma verdadeira humaniza??o hospitalar

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:22:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Glaucia Menossi Bizinha.pdf: 8303648 bytes, checksum: 8e678b0a8079db54af4d624905438939 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-21 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This work consists in a lifting that shows the importance of urbanism and of landscape for the development of cities called hydromineral verses. Of the original proposal circumscribed to Poá, the work turned it increasingly of this city inserted in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, which led to her background as hydromineral verse, prevailed the condition of the railroad suburb, transforming it into a dormitory town. For thus deepens the understanding of the role of urbanism and of landscape in hydromineral verses main, especially the states of São Paulo. Finally focuses its analysis on the big successful in São Paulo: Águas de Lindóia and São Pedro, the first, a town of spontaneous origin is reformed by two urban plans very important, Lindenberg and Luís Saia architect engineer. The other hydromineral verse Águas de Sao Pedro totally planned as new city, the development and the urban plan of Jorge Macedo Vieira engineer. / Este trabalho destaca a importância do urbanismo e da paisagem para o desenvolvimento das cidades denominadas Estâncias Hidrominerais. Da proposta inicial circunscrita a Poá, o trabalho cresceu além desta cidade inserida na região metropolitana de São Paulo, que a levou a um segundo plano como Estância Hidromineral, prevalecendo a condição de subúrbio ferroviário. Para tanto se aprofunda a compreensão das principais Estâncias Hidrominerais, no seu desenvolvimento e o papel do urbanismo e da paisagem. Finalmente aprofunda a análise nas de maior sucesso em São Paulo: Águas de Lindóia e Águas de São Pedro. A primeira, uma cidade de origem espontânea reformada por dois planos urbanísticos muito importantes, o de Lindenberg e o do engenheiro arquiteto Luís Saia. A outra de Águas de São Pedro totalmente planejada como cidade nova, através do plano urbanístico do engenheiro Jorge de Macedo Vieira.

This research examined teachers' online behaviors while using a digital library service--the Instructional Architect (IA)--through three consecutive studies. In the first two studies, a statistical model called latent class analysis (LCA) was applied to cluster different groups of IA teachers according to their diverse online behaviors. The third study further examined relationships between teachers' demographic characteristics and their usage patterns. Several user clusters emerged from the LCA results of Study I. These clusters were named isolated islanders, lukewarm teachers, goal-oriented brokerswindow shoppers, key brokers, beneficiaries, classroom practitioners, and dedicated sticky users. In Study II, a cleaning process was applied to the clusters discovered in Study I to further refine distinct user groups. Results revealed three clusters, key brokers, insular classroom practitioners, and ineffective islanders. In Study III, the integration of teacher demographic profiles with clustering results revealed that teaching experience and technology knowledge affected teachers' effectiveness in using the IA. The implication, contributions, and limitation of this research are discussed.

Figure majeure de l’histoire des relations coloniales franco-algériennes, l’émir Abdelkader est généralement présenté par ses compatriotes comme le modèle politique, militaire et religieux du résistant au colonialisme français du 19ième siècle. L’historiographie officielle algérienne en véhicule l’image du chef religieux qui a initié al-jihad de résistance conforme aux règles exotériques de la chari’ia. Il est décrit comme un guerrier loyal et magnanime, fin stratège, dont la défaite militaire a paradoxalement marqué la fondation de l’Algérie moderne en tant que Nation et État. La construction sociopolitique postcoloniale de ce mythe a permis de légitimer les différents régimes politiques, qui se sont succédé dans l’Algérie indépendante et qui ont toujours tenu, dans le cadre d’une lecture littérale de l’Islam. Ceci dans le but de taire la dimension spirituelle d’Abdelkader disciple, héritier et commentateur de l’œuvre du magister Magnus soufi, IbnʻArabî. Fascinés dès le début de l’occupation par cet adversaire hors du commun, les français, de plus en plus sécularisés, en ont érigé une image utilitaire, l’aliénant ainsi de ses compatriotes coreligionnaires et le découplant de sa foi islamique. Les mémoires concurrentes de l’ancienne puissance coloniale et de son ex-colonie, l’Algérie, ont généré plusieurs débats contemporains en ce qui a trait à l’écriture de l’histoire de la colonisation. Le personnage d’Abdelkader a été instrumentalisé par les uns et les autres. Deux évènements controversés de sa biographie sont devenus les objets d’une polémique souvent âpre et amère entre auteurs chercheurs algériens et français : l’adhésion de l’émir à la franc-maçonnerie française et sa séparation d’avec celle-ci. Nous allons présenter que la prémisse d’auteurs algériens, selon laquelle Abdelkader n’aurait pas pu adhérer au Grand Orient de France, pour cause d’incompatibilité doctrinale musulmane, est inconsistante. Nous essayerons de démontrer au contraire, que son initiation à la maçonnerie telle qu’elle s’était présentée à lui était en accord avec sa vision soufie et légaliste du dogme islamique. En nous basant sur le choix de la franc-maçonnerie française pour la laïcité au moment de la réception supposée de l’émir dans la fraternité, nous montrerons qu’il s’en éloigna pour des raisons de doctrine islamique. En effet, l’élimination de toute référence déiste des textes constitutifs du Grand Orient de France fut inacceptable pour le musulman qu’était Abdelkader, vaincu militairement mais raffermi spirituellement par sa proximité grandissante avec son maître spirituel IbnʻArabî. L’humanisme des francs-maçons français avait motivé une refondation basée sur les droits de l’homme issus de la révolution française. Tandis que celui de l’émir Abdelkader prenait sa source dans l’Unicité de l’Être, concept-cadre Akbarien de la compréhension de la relation de Dieu avec ses créatures. Nous allons montrer que les polémiques franco-algériennes sur les relations d’Abdelkader avec la franc-maçonnerie française, masquent un autre débat de fond qui dure depuis des siècles dans le monde musulman. Un débat opposant deux herméneutiques légalistes des textes islamiques, l’une exotérique s’incarnant dans l’œuvre du théologien musulman Ibn Taymiyya et l’autre ésotérique se trouvant au cœur des écrits du mystique IbnʻArabî. / A major figure in the history of Franco-Algerian colonial relations Emir Abd-el-Kader is usually presented by his countrymen as the political, military and religious model of resistance to French colonialism in the 19th century. The official Algerian historiography conveys the image of Abd-el-Kader as the religious leader who launched a jihad resistance complying with the exoteric rules of sharî’a, loyal and magnanimous warrior, strategist, whose military defeat ironically marks the founding of modern Algeria as a nation and state. The postcolonial sociopolitical construction of this myth has helped to legitimize the different political regimes that have succeeded in independent Algeria that have under an exoteric reading of Islam, always silenced the spiritual dimension of Abd-el-Kader disciple-heir and commentator on the work of magister Magnus Sufi IbnʻArabî. Fascinated since the beginning of their colonization by this uncommon enemy the increasingly secularized French built a of Abd-el-Kader utilitarian image alienating his fellow countrymen. As this image took shape, it increasingly decoupled Abd-el-Kader from his Islamic faith. Competing memories between the former colonial power and its former colony have generated several contemporary debates in regard to writing the history of colonization. The character of Abd-el-Kader was exploited by all sides. Two controversial events of his biography have become the subject of often rough and bitter controversy between Algerian and French authors-researchers: the accession of the Amir to the French Freemasonry and his separation from it. In this thesis, we demonstrate that Algerian authors' premise that Abd-el-Kader could not have joined the Grand Orient de France because of a supposed incompatibility with Islamic doctrinal concerns is in contradiction with his initiation into Masonry as it was presented to him, when it was still in agreement with his legalistic and mystical vision of Islamic dogma. Basing our analysis careful periodization of the process of secularization of French Freemasonry during the period of the alleged reception of the Emir into the masonry, we show that he later withdrew from it for reasons of Islamic doctrine. The elimination of any deist reference in texts constituting the Grand Orient de France subsequent to Abd-el-Kader’s entrance could only make his participation eventually unacceptable as a Muslim defeated militarily but humanist spiritually strengthened by his growing proximity with his spiritual master IbnʻArabî. French Freemasonry had carried out an overhaul based on human rights stemining from the French Revolution, while Emir Abd-el-Kader is humanism had its source in the Unity of Being which is the Akbarian conceptual framework of understanding the relationship of God with its creatures. We show that Franco-Algerian controversies regarding Abd-el-Kader’s relations to French Freemasonry mask another substantive debate that has lasted for centuries in the Muslim world: that of two legalistic hermeneutics of Islamic texts, one exoteric embodied in the work of the famous Muslim theologian Ibn Taymiyya and the other at the heart of esoteric writings of the mystic IbnʻArabî.

This research aims to chart four modes of engagement in post-verite documentary films, devoted to an exclusive examination of theatrical formats, that being those documentaries which are originally intended for a cinema audience. As these theatrical documentaries provide a means for spectators to see through the cinema screen and into the real world, it is important to understand how this 'seeing through' is constructed by the documentary production itself. This thesis acknowledges that the 'learning' of documentary stories and subjects has broadened for the global audience of today. After exploring various separate critiques of documentary voice theory, the definition of documentary and film semiotics, I have devised eight paradigms for creating this 'learning' or 'documentary consciousness' in these theatrical or cinema documentaries. I have explored how these eight paradigms can be observed to function in four different modes. These modes contribute to an evolving understanding of viewer comprehension; that thing called documentary consciousness. This is demonstrated through the audio-visual appendix of clips taken from the proto-typical theatrical documentaries I have chosen to analyse, which are: 'Bowling For Columbine' by Michael Moore (2003), which is illustrative of what I have dubbed the 'Outcome Mode'; 'Etre et Avoir' ('To Be And To Have') by Nicholas Philibert (2004), which exemplifies what I call the 'Participant Mode'; 'My Architect' by Nathaniel Kahn (2005), an example of the 'Journey Mode'; 'Baraka' by Magidson Films (1996), a model of the 'Mandala Mode'.

Dans un contexte international marqué par la prise de conscience des enjeux environnementaux, et dans un contexte national d'injonctions réglementaires visant la réduction de la consommation énergétique, les disciplines liées à l’aménagement de l’espace voient leurs frontières et leurs méthodes évoluer de manière conséquente. Cette thèse a pour objet d’analyser les influences du développement durable sur le processus de création en architecture dans le cadre particulier du Global Award for Sustainable Architecture™ et en fonction de la réglementation sur le bâtiment et le territoire en France. Elle examine des mutations des modes opératoires du processus du projet architectural et propose des éléments de méthode et d'analyse concernant la prise en compte des piliers du développement durable, l'environnement, l'économie, la société et la culture. Il ressort de l’analyse que la compréhension des enjeux du développement durable rassemble dans une même dynamique intégrative les différentes piliers, faisant ainsi de la complexité la condition pour leur interdépendance. La prise en compte de la complexité à travers le milieu qui est attestée par les cas étudiés dans cette thèse soulève des questions sur le déroulement du processus du projet à travers une imagination pluraliste qui dépasse une réponse universelle normalisée. Si la complexité se traduit par la prise en compte simultanée des dimensions urbaines et rurales, paysagères et architecturales, quantitatives et qualitatives, elle envisage également le croisement et l’interdépendance des métiers. Ce qui signifie que l’architecte doit -en tant que médiateur- (se) construire une nouvelle identité, développant des compétences en conduite de conception et de négociation. / Global awareness of environmental matters and local regulations intending reductions of energy consumption forces disciplines related to space to expand their working methods in a substantial way. This thesis analyses influences of sustainable development on the architectural design process, particularly the case of the Global Award for Sustainable Architecture™ and the case of the French context in accordance to the regulation of building and territorial matters in France. It examines the mutations of the modus operandi of the process and offers elements of method and analysis towards the consideration of Pillars of sustainable development , environment, economy, society and culture. The analysis shows that the understanding of the sustainable development issues gathers the different Pillars in common integrative dynamics, making "Complexity" the condition of their interdependency. The account of the "Complexity" through milieu as attested by the case studies in this thesis, raise questions on the project's process through a pluralist imagination that goes beyond a normalised universal answer. When "Complexity" is being applied with a simultaneous consideration of urban, rural, landscaped, architectural, quantitative and qualitative dimensions, it heads towards the crossing and the interdependency of professions. This means that architects as mediators have to build themselves a new identity, cultivating proficiency and competency in leading conception and negotiation of the architectural project.

Purpose: BIM have been criticised as a standalone framework and the believe is that the next step in BIM development is cloud computing. The technology simplify planning of a sustainable construction and hasten the building process through a collaborative friendly information management among different project actors. The implementation of the technology hasn’t been that noticeable since companies are struggling to understanding the technologies contribution. The goal of this research is therefore to investigate the potential of using cloud technology in architects daily work with room finish schedule. Method: To answer the goal of the study, interviews about room finish schedules have been made with five architect companies to collect empirical data. The company's internal documents of room finish schedule have been analysed and the research also makes a literature study and an observation of the cloud service BIMeye. Findings: The study shows that the main differences between an analogue and digital approach are: the link to the model, input of information and management of revisions. The companies have generally a positive attitude towards the technology, but there are doubts about changing their way of working. The cloud service BIMeye meets the companies needs and has great potential to make several tasks, that are considered time consuming in today´s work, more efficient, such as lay-up of rooms, input of information, review of conflicting documents and management of revisions. This mainly through the database's connection to the model and the database's way of managing information more automated. Implications: The conclusion that can be made is that great potential is seen with cloud services as a working method for producing room finish schedules. The transition process to cloud services implies a change of working method but not in the final result. Where cloud services entail additional work in the model to enable a connection to the description, but at the same time contributes to an automatic input of information about rooms. Another change in working method is the ability of cloud services to create parameters that differs from the otherwise analogue paper-work. Revisions in the database get a break through throughout the whole description, in contrast to individual adjustments in the document. Recommendations as a result of the study is to inform companies about the possibilities and impact the technology has on their work. In order to achieve an overall perspective in the industry, new solutions are required so that companies see internal profits with the implementation. Limitations: The result is considered to be applicable to other architect firms since it has appeared from interviews and document analyses that the companies work in similar ways. However, whether the result of the test of BIMeye can be applied to other cloud services is uncertain. The research’s limitation to disregard investment cost has restrict the study as it is a significant factor when implementing new technology. / Syfte: BIM har kritiserats för sitt ensamstående ramverk och nästa steg i BIM utvecklingen anses vara molnteknologin. Tekniken förenklar planering av ett hållbart byggande och påskyndar byggprocessen genom en mer sammarbetsvänlig informationshantering mellan olika projektdeltagare. Implementeringen av tekniken har inte varit så märkbar, detta då företagen har svårt att förstå dess bidrag. Målet med arbetet är därför att undersöka möjligheterna att använda molnteknologin i arkitekters arbete med rumsbeskrivningar. Metod:  För att besvara målet har intervjuer om rumsbeskrivningar gjorts på fem arkitektföretag för att samla in empiri. Företagens interna rumsbeskrivningsdokument har analyserats och i undersökningen görs även en litteraturstudie och en observation av molntjänsten BIMeye. Resultat: Studien visar att de största skillnaderna mellan ett analogt och digitalt tillvägagångsätt är kopplingen till modell, inmatning av information och hantering av revideringar. Företagen har överlag en positiv inställning till tekniken men det finns tveksamheter till att ändra sitt arbetssätt. Molntjänsten BIMeye uppfyller de önskemål som företagen har och har stor potential till att effektivisera flertalet arbetsmoment som anses tidskrävande i dagens arbete, såsom uppläggning av rum, inmatning av information, granskning av motstridiga handlingar och hantering av revideringar. Detta främst genom databasens koppling till modell och databasens sätt att hantera information mer automatiserat. Konsekvenser: Slutsatsen är att det finns en stor potential med molntjänster som arbetsmetod vid framtagning av rumsbeskrivningar. Övergångsprocessen till molntjänster innebär förändring av arbetsmetod, men inte i slutresultat. Där molntjänster medför ett merarbete i modellen för att möjliggöra en koppling till beskrivningen, men medför samtidigt automatisk inmatning av information om rum. En annan förändring i arbetsmetod är molntjänsters möjlighet att skapa parametrar som skiljer sig från det annars analoga skrivarbetet. Revideringar i databasen får genomslag i hela beskrivningen, tillskillnad från enskilda justeringar i dokumentet. Rekommendationer till följd av arbetet blir att upplysa företagen om teknikens möjligheter och påverkan på arbetet. För att uppnå ett helhetsperspektiv i branschen behövs nya lösningar så att företagen ser interna vinningar med implementeringen. Begränsningar: Resultatet anses applicerbart på fler arkitektföretag än Krook & Tjäder då det framgått från intervjuer och dokumentanalyser att företagen arbetar på liknande sätt. Däremot huruvida resultatet från testet av BIMeye går att applicera på andra molntjänster är oviss. Arbetets avgränsning till att bortse från investeringskostnader har begränsat arbetet då det är en betydande faktor vid implementering av ny teknik.

Esta dissertação trata de questões relativas à experimentação prática no processo de ensino-aprendizagem nos cursos de arquitetura e urbanismo. Com a perspectiva de contribuir com o ensino de arquitetura no Brasil, foram escolhidas para análise duas realidades: a Universidade de São Paulo, no Brasil, com foco nas disciplinas da FAUUSP em que há o desenvolvimento do espaço pedagógico do Canteiro Experimental; e nos Estados Unidos, em comunidades pobres do Alabama, com base no método de trabalho do Rural Studio, da Universidade de Auburn. O Canteiro Experimental da FAUUSP é um equipamento pedagógico e uma proposta metodológica de ensino desenvolvido nos últimos quinze anos, dentro das atividades curriculares práticas construtivas com os alunos. O Rural Studio é um projeto pedagógico formado por estudantes e professores, com metodologia de trabalho de um laboratório de ensino e extensão, que desenvolve com a comunidade beneficiada projetos e depois construções de casas e espaços coletivos para assentamentos pobres do sul dos Estados Unidos. O trabalho analisa a influência desses processos educativos na formação de um arquiteto com prática profissional direcionada à população atualmente desatendida, considerando a importância fundamental da educação na promoção de transformações sociais. Para isso, a pesquisa abordará em um primeiro momento a relação da evolução dos movimentos de moradia, das políticas públicas habitacionais no Brasil e as teorias do grupo \"Arquitetura Nova\" com as iniciativas decorrentes nas Escolas de Arquitetura como os Laboratórios de Habitação e Canteiros Experimentais. Em seguida, analisará o Canteiro Experimental da FAUUSP, procurando entender como este espaço de práticas construtivas pode ser estendido a atividades dentro de comunidades. Para, enfim, fazer uma análise do grupo americano e compreender as possíveis contribuições que podem ser incorporadas à realidade brasileira. Ao resgatar experiências inovadoras, o presente projeto visa ainda contribuir para uma necessária renovação do ensino de arquitetura no Brasil, aproximando a teoria da prática construtiva e a Universidade da comunidade. / This dissertation deals with issues of practical experimentation in the process of teaching-learning courses in architecture and urbanism. With the prospect of contributing to the teaching of architecture in Brazil, two realities were selected for analysis: the University of São Paulo, in Brazil , focusing on the disciplines of FAUUSP where the is the development of the pedagogical space at the Experimental Job Site; and the United States, in poor communities in Alabama, based on the method of work of the Rural Studio, of the Auburn University. Experimental Job Site of FAU is a teaching equipment and methodology developed in the last fifteen years within the construction practices curricular activities of students. The Rural Studio is a pedagogical project formed by students and teachers, with methodology of a laboratory for teaching and extension, which develops with the benefiting community projects and then constructs houses and collective spaces for poor settlements of the southern United States. The paper analyzes the influence of these educational processes in the formation of an architect with professional practice directed to the currently underserved population, considering the fundamental importance of education in promoting social change. Therefore, the research will focus at first on the relationship of the development of housing movements, of public housing policies in Brazil and the theories of the group \"New Architecture\" with initiatives arising in the Schools of Architecture as the Housing Laboratories and Experimental Job Site. Then examines the Experimental Job Site of FAU, trying to understand how this space of construction practices can be extended to activities within communities. To finally make an analysis of the American group and understand the possible contributions that can be incorporated to the Brazilian reality. By rescuing innovative experiences, this project aims to contribute to a necessary renewal of architectural education in Brazil, bringing the theory of constructive practice and the University of the community.