I den här essän försöker jag få en förståelse och en inre struktur för mitt yrke och min praktiska kunskap som musiker och sångare i Tyskland. Det handlar om mitt dilemma om att vara utlandssvensk i Tyskland och om min hemlängtan till Sverige. Med hjälp av Aristoteles, Hannah Arendt, Hans Larsson m.fl, binder jag ihop känslorna med kunskapen och får på så sätt nya perspektiv på hur det är att leva mellan två världar. Ja att få tillgång till två länder och att förstå och omvandla min längtan till något kreativt.

Magister Educationis - MEd / Hierdie studie handeloor die aanwending van 'n trilogie van aksienavorsingsprojekte in 'n skool wat daartoe gelei het dat 'n outokratiese bestuurstyl in 'n koëperatiewe skoolbestuurstelsel verander is. Gegee die feit dat skoolbesluitneming grotendeels in die persoon van die skoolhoof gesentreer was, is daadwerklike pogings aangewend om alle betrokkenes in die besluitnemingsproses by Betel Skool vir Epileptici , Kuilsrivier, te betrek. Hierdie pogings het daartoe gelei dat die skoolhoof, personeellede, die Raad van Bestuur en die ouergemeenskap gesamentlike bestuurders van die skool geword het. Die gevolglike koëperatiewe skoolbestuur en gesamentlike verantwoordelikheid vir besluitneming het duidelik in veral die betrokkenheid van bestaande personeellede in die aanstelling van nuwe personeellede by die skool gemanifesteer. Waar hierdie verantwoordelikheid voorheen slegs op die skouers van die skoolhoof en die Raad van Bestuur gerus het, is personeellede met behulp van aksienavorsing in hierdie benoemingsproses betrek en vind geen aanstelling van personeellede tans plaas sonder die insette van die huidige personeel nie. Hierdie tesis beskryf voorts hoe die skool 'n eis van die Departement van Onderwys en Kultuur (Raad van Verteenwoordigers) gehanteer het dat dertien onderwysers geïdentifiseer moet word wat op 7 Augustus 1991 aan 'n protesoptog deelgeneem het. Dié opdrag is geïgnoreer en die Departement is met 'n georkestreerde teenreaksie van die skoolhoof, die personeel en die Raad van Bestuur gekonfronteer. Aksienavorsing is weer eens aangewend om hierdie intimiderende en hooghandige opdrag van die Onderwysdepartement wat die potensiaal gehad het om die dertien onderwysers te isoleer en aan die moontlikheid van ernstige dissiplinêre stappe bloot te stel, ter syde gestel te kry Hierdie werk toon dat dit moontlik is om met behulp van aksienavorsing, fundamentele veranderings in die bestuur van In skool aan te bring, te help met die demokratisering van besluitnemingsprosesse, die verskillende betrokkenes by die skool te bemagtig en nuwe betekenis te gee aan wat in die kantoor en klaskamers van die skool plaasvind.

[pt] Anatomia do Cômico é uma investigação filosófica acerca daquela experiência que nos é tão familiar, ao mesmo tempo em que nos é tão misteriosa, que é a percepção de algo cômico, algo que nos faz rir. Tendo como posição prévia o postulado de que não é possível formular uma definição conceitual exaustiva do cômico, buscou-se, ao invés disso, delimitar o seu horizonte em quatro aspectos possíveis, a saber: o moral, o retórico, o melancólico e o grotesco. Para tanto, partiu-se de uma análise dos corpora platônico e aristotélico, onde se investiga o modo como o cômico, a comédia e o riso foram tematizados nas obras destes autores, e de que maneira o problema do cômico dialoga com outras questões e se insere na organização de seus pensamentos. Ver-se-á, a partir dessas análises e das profundas intuições desses filósofos, que tanto a noção de senso comum, tal como elaborada nesta tese, quanto a estranha condição ontológica do ser humano, que vacila entre o espiritual e a animalidade, são as peças-chave para se pensar os diversos aspectos do cômico supramencionados. / [en] Anatomy of the Comic is a philosophical investigation concerning that experience that is so familiar to us, at the same time that is so mysterious, which is the perception of something comical, something that makes us laugh. Having as a preliminary position the postulate that it is not possible to formulate an exhaustive conceptual definition of the comic, it was sought, instead, to delimit its horizon in four possible aspects, namely: the moral, the rhetorical, the melancholic, and the grotesque. To this end, we started from an analysis of the Platonic and Aristotelian corpora, where we investigate how the comic, comedy and laughter were thematized in the works of these authors, and in what way the comic, as a problem, dialogues with other questions and is inserted in the organization of their thoughts. It will be seen, from these analyses and from the profound intuitions of these philosophers, that both the notion of common sense, as elaborated in this thesis, and the strange ontological condition of the human being, which vacillates between spirituality and animality, are the key elements to think about the various aspects of the comic mentioned above.

This essay proposes an understanding of transformation (förvandling) as a bridging between body and soul through active imagination. The act of active imagination is upheld as an act of the spirit, in the sense of being a mediator between body and soul. Three different theories grounded in the philosophy of Aristotle will be put together in order to explore this process of transformation. Although based on theory, this essay will be embodied through examples from the dance-aesthetic butoh.

Det här är en vetenskapsteoretisk uppsats med problemformuleringen hur kan vi förstå nytänkande, mänskligt resonerande och vetenskaplig utveckling ur ett retorikvetenskapligt perspektiv? Arbetet sker utifrån temat det nya, som i ny förståelse av tillvaron. Jag motiverar retorikens relevans i uppsatsen genom att definiera retoriken som en lära om och förmågan att förstå tillvaron. Retorikvetenskapens plats och relevans för problemformuleringen tydliggörs genom att visa hur retoriken kan förstås i relation till några kända och betydelsefulla fysiska teorier och tankar från Einstein och Galileo. Jag inleder min studie med Gärdenfors kognitionsforskning och Castoriadis förståelse av skapandet av nya idéer. Därefter använder jag begreppen inventio, topos och metafor för att vidare ta mig an problemformuleringen. Slutligen visar jag hur vi genom doxologin kan söka nå bortom en förståelse av kunskap och vetande som antingen absolut objektiv eller subjektiv. Vad jag når2fram till och visar i uppsatsen är att retorikvetenskapen visar att all förståelse om tillvaron går genom människan själv, vilket innebär att människan har en roll i den vetenskapliga förändringen. Retorikvetenskapen kan ge oss hjälpmedel att se att underliggande argumentativa strukturer och andra försanthållanden reglerar eller formar det sätt på vilket vi tänker och funderar i olika frågor och därigenom hur desamma kan reglera och forma den vetenskapliga praktiken och teorin. / This is an epistemological thesis dealing with the question how can we understand innovating thinking, human reasoning, and scientific development from a rhetorical perspective? The underlying theme in the thesis is the new, as in new understanding of our world and existence. I motivate the rhetorical relevance in the thesis by defining rhetoric as a science of and the ability of understanding our world and existence. The relevance of rhetoric and its place towards the thesis’ question is clarified by showing how rhetoric could be understood in relation to some known and significant physical theories and ideas by Einstein and Galileo. I begin my study with Gärdenfors’ research of cognitive science and Castoriadis’ understanding of creation of new ideas. After that I use the concepts inventio, topos, and metaphor to further take on the question. Finally, I show how we by the use of doxology can go beyond an understanding of science and knowledge as either totally objective or totally subjective. My conclusion is that rhetoric shows that all understanding of our world and existence go through man himself, which means that humans have a significant role in the scientific development. Rhetoric can give us tools helping us see that underlying argumentative structures and other ideas we hold as true regulate and shape our thinking and understanding, and thereby how the same can regulate and shape the scientific practice and theory.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Campos.pdf: 447384 bytes, checksum: cc7e7ac121105da23c8e2ec1c29ccd2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-09 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / The objective of this dissertation is to analyse the possible connection between the Nicole Oresme s Impetus Theory and the arguments on the daytime earth s motion, present in Le Livre du Ciel et du Monde. To the end of this research it will be clear if Oresme used or not this concept to explain if this possible Movement began, of what it forms this it took place and his apparent uniform continuity. Charles V registers the analysis in the century XIV, when Oresme writes a commented translation of the Aristotelian treaty On the Heavens, to request of a king. His comments now they are simple interpretative explanations, it prays explanations followed by discussions in which he presents, through logical or theological arguments, other means to those present ones in the Aristotelian treaty. One of these means is the Daytime Movement of the Earth. In this work, also they will be presented and discussed: the origin and the conflicts that took place in the University of Paris, between the centuries XII and XIII up to the decree of Tempier in 1277; the concept of the Impetus, of Buridan, the discussions of Oresme on: the possibility of a produced and eternal World, the possibility of plural Worlds and the possibility of an incorporeal emptiness / O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar a possível relação entre o conceito do Impetus, de Nicole Oresme e a discussão acerca da possibilidade do Movimento Diurno da Terra, presente em Le Livre du Ciel et du Monde. Ao final desta pesquisa ficará claro se Oresme utilizou ou não este conceito para explicar se este possível Movimento se iniciou, de que forma isto ocorreu e a sua aparente continuidade uniforme. A análise inscreve-se no século XIV, quando Oresme redige uma tradução comentada do tratado aristotélico Sobre os Céus, a pedido do rei Carlos V. Seus comentários ora são simples explicações interpretativas, ora explicações seguidas de discussões em que apresenta, através de argumentos lógicos ou teológicos, outras possibilidades àquelas presentes no tratado aristotélico. Uma destas possibilidades é o Movimento Diurno da Terra. Neste trabalho, também serão apresentados e discutidos: a gênese e os conflitos que ocorreram na Universidade de Paris, entre os séculos XII e XIII até o decreto de Tempier em 1277; o conceito do Impetus, de Buridan, as discussões de Oresme sobre: a possibilidade de um Mundo gerado e eterno, a possibilidade de Mundos plurais e a possibilidade de um vazio incorpóreo

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiana Vieira Ariza.pdf: 1534007 bytes, checksum: edbdbad2a7d5c188efb21566874bfbe3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-20 / The aim of this dissertation is to discuss in a broad way the conception of scala naturae, a prevailing view in the Western thought for many centuries. It will discuss particularly, in which way such idea was present in Aristotle s work De generatione animalium. It will describe Aristotle s methodology, as well as, trying to elucidate if Aristotle had intended to present a classification of animals. If so, which criteria he had used to draw it. Besides that, it will try to find which view he held about the origin of animals. This dissertation contains an introduction and four chapters. Chapter 1 discusses the idea of scala naturae from Antiquity to 19th century. Chapter 2 deals with some respects of Aristotle s life and writings, emphasizing the ones in which he studied the living beings. It also discusses some concepts adopted by him. Chapter 3 analyses the idea of scala naturae in De generatione animalium, as well as, the criteria he had used to draw his scale. Chapter 4 provides some final remarks on the subject. This study led to the conclusion that Aristotle invested lots of energy in classifying the great groups of animals which were arranged in his scale of perfection, contrary to the view held by some authors. The main criterion adopted by him was the vital heat of animals. Moreover, he did not present a sketch of his scale, although it was implicit in his writings. Besides that, there is no idea of organic evolution in Aristotle s scale of perfection. It represents just an arrangement of the great groups of animals. In this way, it is in harmony with his cosmological view / Os objetivos desta dissertação são discutir de um modo geral, a concepção de scala naturae, uma visão que esteve presente no pensamento ocidental durante muitos séculos. Discutirá particularmente, de que modo ela se apresenta na obra De generatione animalium de Aristóteles. Descreverá a metodologia de Aristóteles, procurando elucidar se ele pretendia apresentar uma classificação dos animais. Em caso positivo, procurará identificar os critérios que ele utilizou para isso. Além disso, procurará detectar qual era a opinião de Aristóteles sobre a origem dos animais. Esta dissertação está dividida em uma introdução e quatro capítulos. O Capítulo 1 discute a idéia de scala naturae, que se iniciou na Antiguidade e perdurou até o século XIX. O Capítulo 2 discorre sobre alguns aspectos da vida e obra de Aristóteles, enfatizando aquelas onde ele estudou os seres vivos. Discute também alguns conceitos adotados por ele. O Capítulo 3 analisa a idéia de scala naturae na obra De generatione animalium bem como os critérios adotados por Aristóteles na elaboração da mesma. O Capítulo 4 apresenta algumas considerações finais sobre o assunto. Este estudo levou à conclusão, de modo oposto à interpretação dada por alguns autores, de que Aristóteles investiu bastante energia na elaboração de uma classificação dos animais que ele distribuiu em grandes grupos na sua escala de perfeição. O principal critério que ele adotou foi o grau de calor vital dos animais. Além disso, ele não apresentou um esquema de sua escala, embora ela esteja implícita em seu trabalho. Não há nenhuma idéia de evolução orgânica na escala de perfeição de Aristóteles. Ela representa apenas um arranjo dos grandes grupos de animais. Nesse sentido, pode-se dizer que a visão de Aristóteles em relação a este assunto está em harmonia com sua visão cosmológica

Denna uppsats undersöker hur argument som bygger på statistik kan förstås utifrån den klassiska retoriken. Utgångspunkten är den vanligt förekommande uppdelningen av bevismedel som antingen tillhörande konsten eller inte, där statistik ofta placeras i den senare kategorin. Denna uppdelning undersöks kritiskt genom en nyläsning av Aristoteles, Cicero och Quintilianus. Uppsatsen visar att Cicero ger ett bättre retoriskt perspektiv än Aristoteles eller Quintilianus för att förstå hur statistikargumentation fungerar. Därför används just Ciceros topiker (loci) såsom de är systematiserade i verket Topica för att analysera två debatter om jobbfrågan mellan Fredrik Reinfeldt och Stefan Löfvén under valåret 2014. Analysen finner främst 9 loci i debatterna, och belyser därmed flera olika sätt som statistik kan användas för att skapa argument i retoriska syften.

[pt] Partindo da relação entre Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) e Franz Brentano (1838-1911), respectivamente aluno e professor durante o intervalo que se estendeu de 1874 a 1876, o presente trabalho trata dos possíveis frutos teóricos decorrentes deste encontro, visíveis na obra posterior do inventor da psicanálise. A articulação conceitual se constrói por meio dos conceitos freudianos de concomitância dependente, representação e pulsão, não se limitando à obra pessoal do filósofo, mas procurando abarcar, sempre que possível, o contato com toda uma tradição filosófica, por sua vez permitido pelos ensinamentos do neoescolástico. / [en] From the relationship between Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) and Franz Brentano (1838-1917), respectively student and professor during the interval that extended from 1874 to 1876, the present work deals with the possible theoretical fruits resulting from this encounter, visible in the later work of the inventor of psychoanalysis. The conceptual articulation is constructed through the Freudian concepts of dependent concomitance, representation and drive, not limiting itself to the personal work of the philosopher, but seeking to cover, whenever possible, the contact with an entire philosophical tradition, in turn allowed by the teachings of the neo-scholastic.

Thesis The Philosophy of Education, Theory and Reality focuses on the brief historical development of educational ideals, the determination of the necessary virtues of the raised man, and the subsequent comparison of the established virtues with the current educational policy of the Czech Republic. After comparing with educational documents at national level, it has been found that some of the necessary virtues in these documents are not included.