Auf der Basis der Obduktionsprotokolle der Jahre 2000-2009 des Institutes für Pathologie des Universitätsklinikums Leipzig wurden die Häufigkeiten und Verteilungen maligner Tumoren sowie der zu Lebzeiten nicht bekannten malignen Tumoren untersucht. Bei insgesamt 4592 durchgeführten Sektionen wurden in 263 Fällen zu Lebzeiten nicht bekannte maligne Tumoren diagnostiziert. Dies entsprach 5,7% des gesamten Sektionsgutes bzw. 20,2% aller nachgewiesenen Malignome. Nach Analyse der pTNM-Klassifikation wurden 70,9% der Malignome in den Tumorkategorien pT1 und pT2 erfasst. In 24,7% der Fälle traten Lymphknotenmetastasen, in 19,4% Fernmetastasen auf. 23,2% der postmortal entdeckten Malignome waren todesursächlich. Über die Hälfte der Obduzierten mit klinisch nicht bekannten Tumoren waren 70 Jahre oder älter. Die häufigsten klinisch nicht bekannten malignen Tumoren waren die Prostatakarzinome (23,9%), die kolorektalen Karzinome (16,3%), die Nierentumoren (13,0%), die Lungenkarzinome (12,7%) sowie die Leberkarzinome (6,5%). Patienten mit synchronen Doppel- beziehungsweise Dreifachtumoren traten bei 1,8% des Sektionsgutes auf. Der Anteil nicht erkannter maligner Tumoren an den Mehrfachmalignomen betrug 41,7%. Diese Sektionsanalyse bestätigte, dass auch im 21. Jahrhundert trotz der rasanten Entwicklungen in Medizin und Technik weiterhin maligne Tumoren erst bei der Autopsie festgestellt werden.

Thesis (MMed)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: An increase in autopsied cases of community assault fatalities has been observed at the Tygerberg Forensic Pathology Services Facility. A paucity of information exists as to the incidence and prevalence of these cases in a South African context. Objectives: To determine the patterns and trends of injuries sustained in so-called community assault fatalities. Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. Fatal community assault cases admitted to the Tygerberg Forensic Pathology Facility over a ten year period, from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2012 were reviewed. Data was collected from autopsy/post mortem examination reports, contemporaneous notes, attached hospital records, SAPS- 180 form (completed by South African Police Services representative) and other Forensic Pathology Services (FPS) documentation. Results: A total of 424 cases of fatal community assault were admitted during the study period with an annual increase between 2004 and 2008 and a second peak from 2010 to 2012. The cause of death in majority of cases was due to multiple injuries (42%) with blunt force trauma forming the basis of most of the injuries sustained. The most prevalent areas where these assaults occurred was Khayelitsha (166 cases) and Harare (84 cases) - one of the sub-sections in Khayelitsha. Male subjects were predominantly assaulted with only one female fatality recorded. Conclusion: Adequate policing in prevalent areas is essential, to address the unnecessary loss of life and additional burden on the criminal justice system and health care services. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: „n Toename in die aantal sterftes na beweerde gemeenskapsaanranding is waargeneem by die Tygerberg Forensiese Patologie Dienste Fasiliteit. Min inligting in verband met die insidensie en prevalensie van sulke gevalle in „n Suid-Afrikaanse konteks is beskikbaar. Doelwit: Om die patrone en neigings van beserings geassosieer met beweerde gemeenskapsaanranding-sterftes te bepaal. Metodes: „n Retrospektiewe en beskrywende studie is uitgevoer. Gevalle van sterftes na beweerde gemeenskapsaanranding wat opgeneem is by die Tygerberg Forensiese Patologie Dienste Fasiliteit oor „n tien-jaar tydperk, vanaf 1 Januarie 2003 tot 31 Desember 2012, is hersien. Data is versamel van outopsie/post-mortem verslae, kontemporêre notas, aangehegde hospitaal-rekords, SAPD-180 vorm (wat deur „n verteenwoordiger van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens ingevul word) en ander Forensiese Patologie Dienste (FPS) dokumentasie. Bevindinge: Oor die tien-jaar studietydperk is 424 gevalle van sterftes na beweerde gemeenskapsaanranding gesien, met „n jaarlike toename in gevalle tussen 2004 en 2008 en ‟n tweede piek in die aantal gevalle gedurende 2010 en 2012. Die oorsaak van dood in die meerderheid gevalle was as gevolg van veelvuldige beserings, met stomp geweld, die mees algemene tipe oorsaak van beserings. Die areas waar hierdie tipe gevalle mees algemeen voorgekom het, was Khayelitsha (166 gevalle) en Harare (84 gevalle) – een van die sub-seksies in Khayelitsha. In die meerderheid van gevalle is mans aangerand, en slegs een vroulike sterfte-geval is gevind. Afleidings: Voldoende polisiëring is nodig in prevalente areas om die onnodige lewensverlies en die addisionele lading op die kriminele regsisteem en gesondheidsorgdienste aan te spreek.

Submitted by Nanci Tortoreto Christovão (nanci.christovao@gvmail.br) on 2015-06-02T21:26:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Texto Dissertação Final para entregar.pdf: 7345861 bytes, checksum: 3a129c91a87af230832c95bd65834bea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2015-06-03T14:19:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Texto Dissertação Final para entregar.pdf: 7345861 bytes, checksum: 3a129c91a87af230832c95bd65834bea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-03T14:19:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Texto Dissertação Final para entregar.pdf: 7345861 bytes, checksum: 3a129c91a87af230832c95bd65834bea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04 / The episode known as Carandiru Massacre resulted in at least 111 dead inmates. Their bodies were underwent thru autopsies by the Forensic Institute in São Paulo generating its reports. Since they were drafted, the forensic reports already recorded a range of data on victims and on the injuries that presented invaluable potential study. The second order observation conducted on those 111 forensic reports ,generating a variety of information that has been systematized and examined, comparing with other documents such as: the complaint lodged by the prosecution, testimony of surviving victims, the civilian police´s reports expertise, plus publications reporting on the facts and extracted news from newspapers and magazines. The meeting of these elements and their analysis allowed a better understanding of the police action that took on the afternoon of October 2nd, 1992, gaining more precise contours and allowing inferences about the implementing acts perpetrated by the police. / O episódio conhecido como Massacre do Carandiru culminou em pelo menos 111 detentos mortos. Seus corpos foram submetidos ao exame necroscópico pelo Instituto Médico Legal em São Paulo gerando os respectivos laudos. Desde que foram elaborados, os laudos necroscópicos já registravam uma gama de dados sobre as vítimas e sobre os ferimentos que apresentavam, com inestimável potencial de estudo. A observação de segunda ordem realizada sobre os 111 laudos necroscópicos gerou uma diversidade de informações que foram sistematizadas e examinadas junto a outros documentos como a denúncia apresentada pelo Ministério Público, depoimentos de vítimas sobreviventes, o laudo da perícia da polícia civil, além publicações que relatam sobre os fatos e notícias extraídas de jornais e revistas. A reunião desses elementos e sua análise permitiu uma melhor compreensão sobre a ação policial naquela tarde de 02 de outubro de 1992, ganhando contornos mais precisos e possibilitando inferir sobre os atos de execução perpetrados pelos policiais.

abstract: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are an intriguing approach for neurological disease modeling, because neural lineage-specific cell types that retain the donors' complex genetics can be established in vitro. The statistical power of these iPSC-based models, however, is dependent on accurate diagnoses of the somatic cell donors; unfortunately, many neurodegenerative diseases are commonly misdiagnosed in live human subjects. Postmortem histopathological examination of a donor's brain, combined with premortem clinical criteria, is often the most robust approach to correctly classify an individual as a disease-specific case or unaffected control. We describe the establishment of primary dermal fibroblasts cells lines from 28 autopsy donors. These fibroblasts were used to examine the proliferative effects of establishment protocol, tissue amount, biopsy site, and donor age. As proof-of-principle, iPSCs were generated from fibroblasts from a 75-year-old male, whole body donor, defined as an unaffected neurological control by both clinical and histopathological criteria. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing autopsy donor-derived somatic cells being used for iPSC generation and subsequent neural differentiation. This unique approach also enables us to compare iPSC-derived cell cultures to endogenous tissues from the same donor. We utilized RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to evaluate the transcriptional progression of in vitro-differentiated neural cells (over a timecourse of 0, 35, 70, 105 and 140 days), and compared this with donor-identical temporal lobe tissue. We observed in vitro progression towards the reference brain tissue, supported by (i) a significant increasing monotonic correlation between the days of our timecourse and the number of actively transcribed protein-coding genes and long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) (P < 0.05), consistent with the transcriptional complexity of the brain, (ii) an increase in CpG methylation after neural differentiation that resembled the epigenomic signature of the endogenous tissue, and (iii) a significant decreasing monotonic correlation between the days of our timecourse and the percent of in vitro to brain-tissue differences (P < 0.05) for tissue-specific protein-coding genes and all putative lincRNAs. These studies support the utility of autopsy donors' somatic cells for iPSC-based neurological disease models, and provide evidence that in vitro neural differentiation can result in physiologically progression. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Molecular and Cellular Biology 2013

Introdução: Dentre as doenças cardiovasculares, as doenças isquêmicas do coração (DIC) são a principal causa de morte e incapacidade em todo o mundo. A aterosclerose é a principal causa das DIC, e a inflamação do tecido adiposo epicárdico (TAE) parece estar associada à doença arterial coronariana (DAC). A inflamação no TAE periplaca próxima à placa de ateroma, pode ter um papel ativo na inflamação, contribuindo para a patogênese da aterosclerose. Entretanto, não há evidências conclusivas se esta inflamação está presente apenas no TAE próximo à placa de ateroma ou se é um processo que envolve todo o TAE. Além disso, a associação entre a inflamação do TAE e placas instáveis, assim como o papel dos linfócitos B no processo inflamatório, ainda não foram investigados em estudos de autópsia. Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre inflamação no TAE perivascular e DAC num estudo clinicopatológico. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com material de autópsia coletado no Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos da Capital da Universidade de São Paulo (SVOC-USP), após a aceitação do familiar através do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. A entrevista clínica semiestruturada foi feita com o familiar. Artérias coronárias foram dissecadas junto com o TAE e fixadas em formol a 4%. Fragmentos das artérias coronárias (tronco esquerdo, descendente anterior, circunflexa e direita) foram amostrados no local de maior obstrução ou com sinal de lesões instáveis, além de um fragmento distal sem aterosclerose significativa. O tecido adiposo epicárdico perivascular adjacente periplaca (TAPp), distal à placa (TAPaa), subcutâneo (TAS) e perirrenal (TAPr) foram amostrados. As lesões ateroscleróticas foram classificadas de acordo com a estabilidade da placa para estabelecer a divisão dos grupos, e a porcentagem de obstrução arterial foi mensurada por métodos morfométricos. A quantificação de células inflamatórias nos tecidos adiposos foi feita através da digitalização de lâminas coradas através de imunoistoquímica: CD68 (macrófagos), CD3 (linfócitos T) e CD20 (linfócitos B). O número de células inflamatórias foi comparado entre os dois grupos em todos os fragmentos, utilizando modelos lineares generalizados ajustados para fatores de confusão. Resultados: Foram incluídos 82 indivíduos (162 fragmentos de artérias coronárias com placas estáveis e 84 fragmentos com placas instáveis). Houve um aumento do número de macrófagos (?: 0,008; IC95% 0,002; 0,014; p=0,007) e linfócitos B (beta: 0,009; IC95% 0,002; 0,015; p=0,01) com o aumento da porcentagem de obstrução arterial. Observamos também maior número de linfócitos B na presença de placas instáveis (beta: 0,554; IC95%0,194; 0,914; p=0,002). Estas associações foram restritas à placa aterosclerótica, quando comparado com TAPaa. Houve aumento do número de macrófagos (beta: 5,717; IC95% 1,802; 9,632; p=0,004) e linfócitos T (beta: 0,991; IC95% 0,030; 1,951; p=0,04) com o aumento da obstrução arterial nas artérias coronárias no TAPp, em relação ao TAS. O número de macrófagos também aumentou no TAPp em relação ao TAPr (beta: 5,523; IC95% 0,910; 10,136; p=0,01) com o aumento da porcentagem de obstrução arterial, e na presença de placas instáveis (beta: 12,781; IC95%4,363; 21,200; p=0,002). Conclusão: Macrófagos e linfócitos B no TAPp foram associados à DAC, e esta inflamação foi restrita ao TAPp em relação a todos os tecidos adiposos controles. Desta forma, a inflamação no TAPp parece estar associada à maior porcentagem de obstrução e instabilidade da placa de aterosclerose / Introduction: Among the cardiovascular diseases, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is the main cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of IHD, and inflammation in the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) seems to be associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Inflammation in the EAT proximal to the atherosclerotic plaque could have an active role in the inflammation that contributes to atherosclerosis pathophysiology. However, controversy remains whether this inflammation is only adjacent to the atherosclerotic plaque or whether it is present in the whole EAT. Moreover, the association between inflammation in EAT and unstable plaques, as well as the role of B-lymphocytes in the inflammatory process, have not been investigated yet. Aim: To investigate the association between inflammation in perivascular epicardial adipose tissue (PAT) and CAD in a clinicopathological study. Methods: This cross sectional study used autopsy material collected at the Sao Paulo Autopsy Service (SPAS) from University of Sao Paulo, after informed consent term sign by the next-of-kin (NOK). A semi-structured clinical interview was applied to the NOK. Coronary arteries were dissected with PAT and fixed in 4% buffered formalin. Coronary artery fragments (left trunk, anterior descending, circumflex, and right coronary) were sampled at the region with the greatest obstruction or unstable plaque, and also at a distal region without atherosclerosis. PAT adjacent to the atherosclerotic plaque (PATp), distal to the plaque (PATd), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and perirenal adipose tissue (PrAT) were sampled. Atherosclerotic plaque fragments were classified regarding plaque stability, and percentage of arterial obstruction measured by morphometric methods. The number of inflammatory cells in adipose tissues was counted in slides stained using immunohistochemistry: CD68 (macrophages), CD3 (T-lymphocytes), CD20 (B-lymphocytes). The number of inflammatory cells in all fragments was compared using generalized linear models adjusted for confounders. Results: 82 participants were included (162 fragments of coronary arteries with stable plaques and 84 fragments with unstable plaques). The number of macrophages (beta: 0.008; IC95% 0.002; 0,014; p=0.007) and B-lymphocytes (beta: 0.009; IC95% 0.002; 0.015; p=0.01) increased with the percentage of arterial obstruction. We observed a large number of B-lymphocytes in the presence of unstable plaques (beta: 0.554; IC95% 0.194; 0.914; p=0.002). These associations were restricted to PATp, when compared to PATd. The number of macrophages (beta: 5.717; IC95% 1.802; 9.632; p=0.004) and T-lymphocytes were greater in the PATp than in the SAT (beta: 0.991; IC95% 0.030; 1.951; p=0.04). The number of macrophages was also greater in the TAPp compared to PrAT with the increase of the percentage of arterial obstruction (beta: 5.523; IC95% 0.910; 10.136; p=0.01), and in presence of unstable plaques (beta: 12.781; IC95% 4.363; 21.200; p=0.002). Conclusion: Macrophages, and B-lymphocytes were associated with CAD, and this association was restricted to PATp when compared to all other adipose tissues. Therefore, inflammation in PATp seems to be associated with greater arterial obstruction and atherosclerotic plaque instability

Introdução: A proporção de óbitos classificados como de causa básica mal definida é um dos principais indicadores da qualidade das estatísticas de mortalidade, de grande importância na avaliação da situação e na orientação das políticas de saúde. Estudos preliminares encontraram uma evolução temporal discrepante na comparação da mortalidade proporcional por causa mal definida no Brasil, no Estado de São Paulo, na Baixada Santista e no Município do Guarujá. Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de tentar compreender tais diferenças. Métodos: A evolução temporal da proporção de óbitos por causa mal definida foi analisada no período de 1980 a 2002, dividindo-se o Estado de São Paulo em grupos de municípios com e sem o Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos (SVO) e a Baixada Santista. Além da mortalidade proporcional, a classificação do óbito por causa mal definida foi estudada com base no que se convencionou chamar de ?primeiro médico? a avaliar a causa de morte. Ou seja, o profissional que preenche a Declaração de Óbito ou encaminha o caso ao SVO ou ao Instituto Médico Legal (IML). Exclui os médicos do SVO e do IML que preenchem a declaração. A qualidade do preenchimento foi avaliada nos óbitos ocorridos em hospitais e em domicílios, baseada nas informações do tipo de atestante. Resultados: Observou-se um aumento na proporção de óbitos por causa mal definida pelo primeiro médico avaliador da causa de morte em todas as áreas do Estado de São Paulo. Em 1980, na Baixada Santista, a mortalidade proporcional por causa mal definida (MPCMD) era muito baixa, pois mais de 90% dos casos classificados como de causa mal definida pelo primeiro médico avaliador da causa de morte eram encaminhados aos IMLs da região ou ao SVO do Guarujá, onde a maioria dos casos era reclassificada para óbito de causa definida sem a realização de necropsia. A partir de 1984, progressivamente, os casos deixaram de ser encaminhados aos IMLs e passaram a ser classificados como de causa mal definida, com aumento da mortalidade proporcional de mais de nove vezes. A MPCMD no Estado de São Paulo manteve-se estável no período analisado em virtude do aumento da proporção de óbitos em serviços de saúde e de realização de necropsias. No Brasil, onde se observou uma queda de 36,4% da MPCMD, pode-se atribuir ao aumento dos óbitos hospitalares mais de 50% da redução desse indicador. O aumento do encaminhamento dos casos aos SVOs e aos IMLs foi fator importante na redução da mortalidade por causa mal definida nos óbitos domiciliares. Na Baixada Santista, no Estado de São Paulo e nos óbitos hospitalares do país, verificou-se uma piora na qualidade do preenchimento da Declaração de Óbito. Conclusão: A despeito da melhoria dos recursos diagnósticos, observou-se no período estudado uma piora na qualidade do preenchimento da Declaração de Óbito no Estado de São Paulo e nos óbitos hospitalares do país. Para enfrentar o problema da elevada mortalidade proporcional por causa mal definida, sugere-se rediscutir o modelo do fluxo de preenchimento das declarações de óbito, com redefinição das atribuições dos SVOs e dos IMLs. / Introduction: The proportion of deaths classified as due to ill-defined causes is one of the major indicators of the quality of mortality statistics, and is of great value for evaluating and orienting public policies. Preliminary studies indicate discrepant time trends in the evolution of the proportion of deaths due to ill-defined causes between Brazil as a whole, the state of Sao Paulo, the Baixada Santista region, and the municipality of Guarujá. The present study was designed as an attempt to understand these discrepancies. Methods: We analyzed the temporal evolution in the proportion of deaths due to illdefined causes between 1980 and 2002, dividing the state of Sao Paulo into three groups of municipalities: those with Death Verification Service (DVS), those without DVS, and those located in the Baixada Santista. In addition to proportional mortality, we also studied the classification of ill-defined deaths based on what was defined as the ?first physician? to evaluate cause of death. This consisted either of the professional who completed the Death Certificate or who referred the case to the DVS or medical examiner. This definition excludes any DVS or Medical Examiner physicians who filled certificates. The quality of the information in the certificate was evaluated for deaths occurred in hospitals and at home based on information on the type of physician. Results: There was an increase in the proportion of deaths due to ill-defined causes as defined by the first physician to evaluate cause of death in all areas of the State of Sao Paulo. In 1980, in the Baixada Santista, proportional mortality due to ill-defined causes (PMIDC) was very low, with over 90% of cases considered as due to illdefined causes by the first physician being referred to the region?s Medical Examiners or to the Guarujá DVS, where the majority of cases was assigned to a defined cause without need for autopsy. Beginning in 1984, the number of cases referred to Medical Examiners began to fall, leading to a 9-fold increase in PMIDC. PMIDC in the State of Sao Paulo remained stable throughout the period as a consequence of the increase in the proportion of autopsies and of deaths occurred within healthcare facilities. In the country as a whole, there was a 36.4% decrease in PMIDC, of which more than 50% can be attributed to the increase in the number of hospital deaths. Increased referral of cases to DVSs and medical examiners was an important factor in the reduction of mortality due to ill-defined causes among athome deaths. The quality of information in Death Certificates decreased in the Baixada Santista, in the State of Sao Paulo, and among hospital deaths in Brazil as a whole. Conclusion: Despite improvements in diagnosis, quality of information in Death Certificates decreased during the studied period in the State of Sao Paulo and among hospital deaths in the country as a whole. In order to tackle the issue of high proportional mortality due to ill-defined causes, we suggest a reevaluation of the flow of information in Death Certificates, with a redefinition of the role of medical examiners and DVSs.

Abstract Background: Maternal mortality is one of the most sensitive indicators of the health disparities between poorer and richer nations. It is also one of the most difficult health outcomes to measure reliably. In many settings, major challenges remain in terms of both measuring and reducing maternal mortality effectively. This thesis aims to quantify overall levels, identify specific causes, and evaluate local interventions in relation to efforts to reduce maternal mortality in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia, thereby providing a strong empirical basis for decision making by the Tigray Regional Health Bureau using methods that can be scaled at national level.   Methods: This study employed a combination of community-based study designs to investigate the level and determinants of maternal mortality in six randomly selected rural districts of Tigray Region. A census of all households in the six districts was conducted to identify all live births and all deaths to women of reproductive age occurring between May 2012 and September 2013. Pregnancy-related deaths were screened through verbal autopsy with the data processed using the InterVA-4 model, which was used to estimate Maternal Mortality Ratio. To identify independent determinants of maternal mortality, a case-control study using multiple logistic regression analysis was done, taking all pregnancy-related deaths as cases and a random sample of geographical and age matched mothers as controls. Uptake of ambulance services in the six districts was determined retrospectively from ambulance logbooks, and the trends in pregnancy-related death were analyzed against ambulance utilization, distance from nearest health center, and mobile network coverage at local area level. Lastly, implementation of the Family Folder paper health register, and its potential for accurately capturing demographic and health events, were evaluated using a capture-recapture assessment.   Results: A total of 181 deaths to women of reproductive age and 19,179 live births were documented from May 2012 to April2013. Of the deaths, 51 were pregnancy-related. The maternal mortality ratio for Tigray region was calculated at 266 deaths per 100,000 live births (95% CI 198-350), which is consistently lower than previous “top down” MMR estimates. District–level MMRs showed strong inverse correlation with population density (r2 = 0.86). Direct obstetric causes accounted for 61% of all pregnancy–related deaths, with hemorrhage accounting for 34%. Non-membership in the voluntary Women’s Development Army (AOR 2.07, 95% CI 1.04-4.11), low husband or partner involvement during pregnancy (AOR 2.19, 95% CI 1.14-4.18), pre-existing history of other illness (AOR 5.58, 95% CI 2.17-14.30), and never having used contraceptives (AOR 2.58, 95% CI 1.37-4.85) were associated with increased risk of maternal death in a multivariable regression model. In addition, utilization of free ambulance transportation service was strongly associated with reduced MMR at district level. Districts with above-average ambulance utilization had an MMR of 149 per 100,000 LB (95% CI: 77-260) compared with 350 per 100,000 (95% CI: 249-479) in districts with below average utilization. The Family Folder implementation assessment revealed some inconsistencies in the way Health Extension Workers utilize the Family Folders to record demographic and health events.   Conclusion: This work contributes to understanding the status of and factors affecting maternal mortality in Tigray Region. It introduces a locally feasible approach to MMR estimation and gives important insights in to the effectiveness of various interventions that have been targeted at reducing maternal mortality in recent years.

INTRODUÇÃO: A Doença Hepática Gordurosa (DHG) é considerada um dos grandes problemas de saúde pública do novo milênio, impulsionada sobretudo pela epidemia de obesidade. Está relacionada com alta morbidade, piora da qualidade de vida e custos econômicos para a sociedade. Existem duas formas histopatológicas iniciais inseridas dentro da DHG: a esteatose e a esteato-hepatite que podem evoluir para cirrose e hepatocarcinoma. A maior parte da literatura sobre epidemiologia da doença hepática gordurosa utiliza desenhos retrospectivos e meios diagnósticos não invasivos, embora o padrão ouro seja a biópsia hepática. Medidas preventivas e de controle adequados deverão ser tomadas baseadas em informações epidemiológicas envolvendo população \"sadia\". A excelente correspondência das alterações histopatológicas encontradas no cadáver em relação ao vivo permite extrapolar dados da frequência de esteatose e esteato-hepatite encontradas em uma população jovem vítima de morte violenta para uma população \"normal\". Contudo, não há estudo prévio que avalie frequência e fatores preditivos de esteatose e esteatohepatite em fígados de cadáver. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a esteatose e a esteato-hepatite em fígados de adultos vítimas de morte violenta. MÉTODOS: As amostras foram coletadas de 224 adultos submetidos a autópsia forense a partir de setembro de 2011 a abril de 2013. Dados antropométricos e do fígado foram registrados. O exame histopatológico foi realizado em seis amostras obtidas com base em diferentes lóbulos de cada fígado. Cada amostra foi tratada com quatro corantes: hematoxilina-eosina, Perls, pricosirius e tricrômio de Masson. Desfechos de interesse foram a presença de esteatose, esteato-hepatite, fibrose e siderose. RESULTADOS: A amostra apresentou uma média de idade de 40 anos. A esteatose foi diagnosticada em 48,2% dos casos e esteato-hepatite em 2,7%. Uma alta prevalência de fígado gorduroso foi verificada entre homens e indivíduos mais velhos, sendo a faixa etária mais atingida entre 41-60 anos. Os fatores significativamente associados com o aumento do risco de esteatose foram circunferência abdominal (p < 0,001), IMC(p < 0,001), peso do fígado (p=0,002), assim como a presença de siderose (p=0.018). CONCLUSÃO: A alta prevalência de esteatose hepática foi detectada em biópsias pós-morte de uma população jovem. Uma vez que esta doença pode ter consequências clínicas severas, esse dado é importante para avaliar medidas preventivas para a doença hepática gordurosa e suas graves consequências / BACKGROUND: Fatty liver disease (FLD) is considered one of the major public health problems of the new millennium, driven mainly by the obesity epidemic. It is related to high morbidity, worsening of quality of life and economic costs to society. There are two initial histopathological forms inserted into the FLD: steatosis and steatohepatitis which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Most of the literature on epidemiology of FLD using retrospective drawings and non invasive means, but the gold standard is a liver biopsy. Preventive measures and adequate control should be taken based on epidemiological information involving population \"healthy\". The excellent correlation of histopathologic changes found in the body in live relationship allows extrapolating data from steatosis to steatohepatitis and often found in a population young victim of violent death to a \"normal\" population. However, no previous study to assess the frequency and predictors of steatosis and steatohepatitis in cadaver livers. The aim of this study is to evaluate steatosis and steatohepatitis in livers of adult victims of violent death. METHODS: Specimens were collected from 224 adults undergoing forensic autopsy from September 2011 to April 2013. Anthropometric and liver data were recorded. Histopathological examination was performed on six biopsies obtained from different lobes of each liver. Each sample was treated with 4 stains: hematoxylin-eosin, Perls, pricosirius and trichrome Masson. Outcomes of interest were the presence of steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis and siderosis. RESULTS: The sample had an average age of 40 years. The steatosis was detected in 48.2% of cases and 2.7% steatohepatitis. A high prevalence of fatty liver was observed among men and older individuals, the age group most affected between 41-60 years. The factors significantly associated with increased risk of steatosis were waist circumference (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.001), liver weight (p = 0.002) as well as the presence of siderosis ( p = 0.018). CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of hepatic steatosis was detected in postmortem biopsy of a young population. Since this disease can have severe clinical consequences, this data is important to evaluate preventive measures for fatty liver disease and its serious consequences

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