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<p>This thesis examines how the poetics of George Elliott Clarke, Dionne Brand and Wayde Compton articulate unique aesthetic voices that are representative of a range of ethnic communities that collectively make-up blackness in Canada. Despite the different backgrounds, geographies, and ethnicities of these authors, blackness in Canada is regularly viewed as a homogeneous community that is most closely tied to the cultural histories of the American South and the Atlantic slave trade. Black Canadians have historically been excluded from the official narratives of the nation, disassociating blackness from Canadian-ness. Epithets such as “African-Canadian” are indicative of the way race distances citizenship and belonging. Each of these authors expresses an aesthetic through their poetics that is representative of the unique combination of social, political, cultural, and ethnic interactions that can be collectively described as racial formation. While each of these authors orients her or his own ethnic community in relation to the nation in different ways, their focus on collapsing the distance between citizenship and belonging can be read as a base for forming community from which collective resistance to the racial violence of exclusion can be grounded.</p> / Master of English

La population dans la plupart des sociétés occidentales, y compris, le Canada se diversifie. Cette diversité qu’on pourrait qualifier de super-diversité peut constituer une force pour la cohésion sociale, la construction de la société inclusive et un élément central de l’identité nationale. Cependant, cela suscite également des défis et des préoccupations auprès des pouvoirs politiques, de la communauté scientifique, des médias et de l’opinion publique, quant à la manière dont les immigrants vont s’intégrer dans la société, mais aussi comment les natifs s’adaptent à la présence des immigrants et que tous établissent des relations interculturelles mutuelles. La présente thèse a pour objectif principal d’examiner l’intégration des immigrants dans leur société d’accueil, notamment au Canada. Concrètement, elle vise à (1) examiner les thèmes abordés dans la littérature scientifique sur l’intégration entre 1960 et 2022, leurs interactions et évolutions dans le temps ainsi que leurs répartitions selon les pays et institutions de recherches; (2) examiner les thèmes et les sentiments associés à l’intégration dans la couverture médiatique au Québec et en Ontario entre 1988 et 2022, leurs évolutions dans le temps, et leurs relations avec les facteurs contextuels locaux; (3) analyser les effets de l’origine nationale et du genre sur l’intégration socioculturelle des immigrants au Québec; (4) examiner les liens entre l’intégration sociale et la discrimination perçue et leurs influences sur le sentiment d’appartenance des immigrants au Québec. Les résultats de nos analyses, présentés sous forme de quatre articles scientifiques, s’appuient sur plusieurs données de texte, de données administratives et d’enquêtes quantitatives. Notre premier article vise à synthétiser les résultats des publications scientifiques sur l’intégration afin d’examiner les thèmes étudiés, leurs évolutions et leurs distributions selon les pays. Nous utilisons les données de texte issues des résumés d’articles scientifiques publiés entre 1960 et 2022 dans Web of Science, Scopus et Dimensions. À l’aide de la modélisation thématique structurelle, nous avons identifié 30 principaux thèmes de recherche. Les résultats mettent en évidence plusieurs thèmes couvrant les aspects socio-économique, culturel et politique de l’intégration, la discrimination, la santé, le genre, les politiques d’immigration et d’intégration, les questions démographiques ainsi que d’ordre théorique et méthodologique. Les thèmes sur la théorie de l’intégration et la participation politique ont montré une tendance temporelle à la baisse au fil du temps alors que les thèmes liés au racisme et à la discrimination, à l’identité ethnique, et à l’intégration économique, ont montré une tendance à la hausse. Les analyses bibliométriques révèlent des changements dans les thèmes entre les États-Unis, le Royaume-Uni, le Canada et la Chine ainsi qu’entre les institutions de recherche influentes au fil du temps. Le second article analyse le discours médiatique sur l’immigration et l’intégration des immigrants au Québec et en Ontario de 1988 à 2022. Nous utilisons un ensemble de données de texte d’articles provenant des journaux anglophones de l’Ontario et des journaux francophones du Québec. En utilisant également la modélisation structurelle des thèmes, nous avons identifié 20 thèmes importants dans chaque province. Ensuite, nous avons appliqué l’analyse du sentiment pour calculer les scores de sentiment liés à ces thèmes. En utilisant des modèles longitudinaux, nous avons examiné les effets de la proportion d’immigrants, du taux de chômage et de l’affiliation politique du parti au pouvoir sur les thèmes et les sentiments associés aux thèmes. Les résultats indiquent que le discours sur l’immigration dans chaque province est fortement lié à des thèmes sur l’économie, la diversité et la culture, l’indépendance au Québec, la sécurité, la gouvernance et la politique, les services sociaux, la discrimination et l’aide humanitaire. Alors que les thèmes sur les questions linguistiques et l’indépendance ont connu une augmentation dans le temps au Québec, les thèmes sur la diversité culturelle, l’économie et la discrimination sont restés stables dans les deux provinces entre 1988 et 2022. Parallèlement, les sentiments associés aux thèmes suggèrent une image plus pessimiste de l’immigration et de l’intégration au Québec qu’en Ontario au fil des années. Un résultat intéressant est l’influence des facteurs contextuels locaux tels que l’évolution de la proportion des immigrants, le taux de chômage et l’affiliation politique du parti au pouvoir sur l’évolution des thèmes et des sentiments associés dans chaque province. L’article 3 vise à analyser les écarts de participation culturelle et sportive entre les hommes et les femmes et entre les Canadiens de naissance et les immigrants, tout en explorant comment ces disparités entre hommes et femmes varient selon l’origine nationale des immigrants. À partir d’une enquête réalisée en 2020 sur les trajectoires individuelles et dynamiques de participation des immigrants, des minorités ethnoculturelles, et le reste de la population québécoise, nous trouvons que les immigrants venus d’Afrique sont moins susceptibles de participer aux activités culturelles et sportives que les Canadiens de naissance. Les résultats selon le genre montrent que les femmes participent plus aux activités culturelles et moins aux activités sportives que les hommes. L’effet combiné du genre et de l’origine nationale suggère que les femmes venues d’Afrique, d’Asie/Moyen-Orient et d’Amérique latine/Caraïbes sont désavantagées par rapport aux hommes dans les deux types de participation étudiés. Le quatrième article vise à examiner les effets directs et indirects (via la discrimination perçue) de l’intégration sociale en termes de participation à des activités associatives et sportives sur le sentiment d’appartenance des immigrants au Québec. Nous appliquons 1) les modèles de régression linéaire multiple, 2) une analyse du score de propension et 3) les modèles d’équations structurelles aux mêmes données utilisées dans l’article 3. Les résultats révèlent que la participation à des associations et à des sports améliore de manière significative le sentiment d’appartenance des immigrés, même après correction du biais de sélection. Dans le modèle d’équations structurelles, les résultats montrent que la relation entre la participation associative et sportive, la discrimination perçue et le sentiment d’appartenance est complexe. Plus le niveau de participation à des associations est élevé chez les immigrants, plus ils sont susceptibles de signaler des cas de discrimination. Des résultats similaires sont trouvés, bien que moins prononcés, pour la participation à des sports. Cependant, dans les deux cas, cet effet n’annule pas entièrement l’impact direct et positif de la participation à des associations et à des activités sportives sur le sentiment d’appartenance des immigrants au Québec. Enfin, les résultats montrent un effet plus important pour les immigrants d’Europe/États-Unis et d’Asie/Moyen-Orient que pour ceux d’Afrique ou d’Amérique latine/Caraïbes. Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse peuvent guider les chercheurs, les agences de financement, les décideurs politiques et les gestionnaires de projets en immigration et intégration dans l’allocation appropriée des ressources pour les futures recherches. Ces résultats interpellent également les pouvoirs publics à mettre en place des programmes qui reconnaissent davantage la diversité des rapports sociaux et promeuvent les relations interculturelles dans le quotidien et dans l’entourage local des immigrants avec les Canadiens de naissance. / The population of most Western societies, including Canada, is becoming increasingly diverse. This diversity, which could be described as super-diversity, can be a force for social cohesion, the construction of an inclusive society, and a central element of national identity. However, it also raises challenges and concerns for political authorities, the scientific community, the media, and public opinion, as to how immigrants will integrate into society, but also how native-born people will adapt to the presence of immigrants, and how all will establish mutual intercultural relations. This thesis examines immigrant integration into the host society, particularly in Canada. Specifically, it seeks to (1) examine the topics addressed in the scientific literature on integration between 1960 and 2022, their interactions and evolution over time, and their distribution by countries and research institutions; (2) examine the topics and associated sentiments on integration in media coverage in Quebec and Ontario between 1988 and 2022, their evolution over time, and their relationship with the local contextual factors; (3) analyze the effects of national origin and gender on socio-cultural integration among immigrants in Quebec; (4) examine the relationship between social integration and perceived discrimination and their influence on immigrants’ sense of belonging in Quebec. The results of our analyses, presented as four scientific articles, used several textual and quantitative survey data. Our first article aims to synthesize the results of scientific publications on integration to examine the key topics, their evolution, and distribution by country and research institutions. We use text data from abstracts of scientific articles published between 1960 and 2022 in Web of Science, Scopus, and Dimensions. Using structural topic modeling, we have identified 30 main research topics. The results highlight several topics covering the socio-economic, cultural, and political aspects of integration, discrimination, health, gender, immigration and integration policies, demographic, and theoretical and methodological issues. Topics on integration theory and political participation showed a downward trend over time, while topics related to racism and discrimination, ethnic identity, and economic integration showed an upward trend over time. Bibliometric analyses reveal shifts in topics between the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and China, and between influential research institutions over time. The article 2 analyzes media discourse on immigration and immigrant integration in Quebec and Ontario from 1988 to 2022. We use a dataset of article texts from Anglophone newspapers in Ontario and Francophone newspapers in Quebec. Using structural topic modeling, we identified 20 main topics in each province. We then applied sentiment analysis to calculate sentiment scores related to these topics. Using longitudinal models, we examined the effects of the proportion of immigrants, the unemployment rate and political parties on the topics and the sentiments associated with the topics. The results indicate that media in each province discuss about topics on the economy, diversity and culture, Quebec’s independence, security, governance and politics, social services, racism and discrimination, and humanitarian aid. While the topic of Quebec’s independence and linguistic issues increased over time, the topics of cultural diversity, the economy and discrimination remained stable in both provinces between 1988 and 2022. At the same time, sentiments associated with the topics suggest a more pessimistic picture of immigration and integration in Quebec than in Ontario over time. An interesting finding is the power of local contextual factors such as changes in the proportion of immigrants, the unemployment rate, and the political affiliation of the ruling party on the evolution of topics and associated sentiments. Article 3 aims to analyze the gaps in cultural and sports participation between men and women and between native-born Canadians and immigrants while exploring how these disparities between women and men vary by national origin. Based on a survey conducted in 2020 on the trajectories and participation dynamics of immigrants, ethnocultural minorities, and the rest of the Quebec population, we find that immigrants from Africa are less likely to participate in cultural and sports activities than native-born Canadians. On the other hand, there is no difference in participation in these activities between native-born Canadians and immigrants from Europe/the United States, Asia/Middle East, and Latin America/Caribbean. Results by gender show that women participate more in cultural activities and less in sporting activities than men. The combined effect of gender and national origin suggests that women from Africa, Asia/Middle East, and Latin America/Caribbean are less likely to participate in sports activities than men. The fourth article aims to assess the direct and indirect effects (via perceived discrimination) of social integration in terms of participation in associative and sports activities on immigrants’ sense of belonging in Quebec. We apply 1) multiple linear regression models, 2) propensity score analysis, and 3) structural equation models to the same data used in article 3. The results show that participation in associations and sports significantly improves immigrants’ sense of belonging, even after correcting for selection bias. In the structural equation model, the results show a complex relationship between associative and sports participation, perceived discrimination, and a sense of belonging. The higher the level of participation in associations among immigrants, the more likely they are to report discrimination. We found similar results, though less pronounced, for participation in sports. However, in both cases, this effect does not entirely cancel the direct and positive impact of participation in associations and sports activities on immigrants’ sense of belonging to Quebec. Finally, the results show a more substantial effect for immigrants from Europe/United States and Asia/Middle East than those from Africa or Latin America/Caribbean. The results presented in this thesis can guide researchers, funding agencies, policymakers, and immigration and integration project managers in appropriately allocating resources for future research. These results also challenge public authorities to implement programs that better recognize the diversity of social relationships and promote intercultural relations in the everyday and local environments of immigrants and native-born Canadians.

<p dir="ltr">At present, formal and non-formal agricultural spaces, including agricultural education, do not provide opportunities for individuals from historically and contemporarily marginalized communities to develop a strong sense of belonging. An increase in sense of belonging may increase retention for all individuals interacting with agricultural programs and more effectively disseminate tools and resources to a wider audience, which can help solve agricultural issues such as the hunger crisis. The Garden Sun Institute (GSI) is a non-formal agricultural education program that is changing this narrative, with many staff and students of marginalized populations expressing a deep sense of belonging not only with others at GSI but also feeling a sense of belonging in the field of agriculture. The purpose of this case study was to explore whether there is a sense of belonging at this location and to determine what factors may contribute to it. The questions guiding this study are: 1) How do youth describe a sense of belonging at GSI? 2) How does GSI engage with youth, family, and staff? and 3) How do those engaging with GSI describe a sense of belonging within agriculture broadly? Results from this study showed that utilizing elements of the Critical Pedagogy of Agriculture along with practices such as trauma-informed pedagogy, student-led and student-centered learning, and gentle parenting have led to this program developing a culture of belonging. Future research recommendations include determining accountability strategies and investigating the impacts of the incorporation of strategies into formal education programs.</p>

This thesis offers an assessment design for collaborative learning, utilisation of blended learning support through current communication technologies and highlights the crucial role of the tutor. The thesis designed and tested a theoretical framework which encompassed an active learning environment and resulted in the development of the shamrock conceptual framework. To test the theoretical framework, clarify the role of the tutor and the impact on the learner experience two studies were undertaken using pedagogical models that combined the concepts of learner-centric, sociocultural and dialogic perspectives on collaborative learning and technology in meeting the needs of learners in the 21st Century. In the first study, the role of the tutor was found to be crucial in setting, implementing and guiding learners using the assessment design as part of a social constructivist pedagogical practice. The pedagogical approach adopted was to blend face-to-face and Wiki learning experiences and was found to promote learner ownership, engagement and the fostering of a learning community. The second study validated the first and provided additional asynchronous technology experiences in addition to the Wiki blend in the assessment design. Study 2 examined the role of the tutor and the learner whilst using current technologies comprising podcasts and video and a Wiki in the collaborative experience. Findings showed that the Wiki supported community and collaborative aspects of a sociocultural practice whilst learners were engaged in authentic learning activities and led to a well supported learning environment. The importance of technology design and use to accommodate collaborative and community aspects was found to be an essential component. It was found that technology is not simply an add-on but rather needs to be planned and considered purposefully by both tutors and learners when used in a blend to supplement learning on campus as part of an assessment design in higher education. This study has shown that, for this to happen, academics need to be provided with the appropriate support, knowledge and skills required in developing a blended learning experience using a Wiki supplemented by class contact on campus as part of an assessment design.

Choral music has played an important role in the liberation of South African people, and it is still very popular today, including among Setswana-speaking choral groups. This study looks at the role of music, particularly choral music, in the expression of Setswana-speakers’ identity as well as the psychological effects on the psychosocial well-being of the choristers. A qualitative research approach, supported by in-depth interviews, was adopted in this study to better understand the singing experiences of two male choir conductors and two female choristers. For this purpose, thematic analysis technique was employed. The results indicate that singing in the choir contributes to the choristers’ physical, emotional, mental, social, and spiritual well-being as well as to their identity formation. Participants also highlighted challenges such as time constraints, poor leadership, socio-economic conditions, unforeseen circumstances, discrimination against younger members, love affairs, and gossip within the choral groups. The results indicate a positive and socially engaging contribution of choral music in the expression of identity as well as in the sense of belonging and connection of choristers. The findings are in line with the literature and indicate that participation in a choir enhances and strengthens psychosocial well-being, that is self-discipline, healthy lifestyle, self-confidence, self-esteem, motivation, physical fitness, emotional expressivity, emotional processing and stress relief, social responsibility, moral growth and development, mental alertness and focus, upliftment and inspiration, connection with God, and nurtures the community social fabric. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

This project report offers an in-depth, detailed account of my creative process and work during my two-year Master in visual communication at Konstfack, Stockholm. My degree project is a celebration of plurality and visual democracy. Starting with identifying different norms pervading the graphic design discipline in the Western world today, both in terms of aesthetic values and systems of thinking, I have worked to propose and visualize alternative possible futures.  Drawing has been my main carrier through an intense journey of un-learning and re-learning resulting in an artist’s book in unique copy.  With this book, I want to problematize the dominant discourses around objectivity as a utopian ideal with a suppressive agenda, while visualizing a world I can recognize myself in. I have used decoration as a method, emotion and femininity as explorative standpoints, giving space to the metaphorical, the ambiguous and the spiritual to challenge current visual norms.  This book emerges as an affirmation of my own quest for visual belonging  as a graphic designer and a woman; a testimony of the practice of drawing as actualized power.