En visuell utforskning av de föremål som min morfar lämnat efter sig; medaljer, uniformer, cigarettpaket, fotografier och diverse dokument. / A visual exploration of the objects my grandfather left behind; medals, uniforms, cigarette packs, photographs and various documents.

Åtta semi-strukturerade djupintervjuer genomfördes i syfte att kartlägga svenska formgivares och förlagsanställdas strategiska och kreativa arbetsprocess samt olika attityder vid arbetet med praktverk och coffee table-böcker. Dessa böckers termer och definitioner diskuterades även, samt boktypens förut-sättningar och utmaningar på marknaden. I denna rapport presenteras funna teman rörande dessa tankemönster och attity-der, samt en generell beskrivning av arbetsprocessen. Produktionen av coffee table-böcker och praktverk fanns vara komplex på grund av att den involverade många personer, tog lång tid i anspråk, var kost-sam och hade relativt små vinstmarginaler vilket därmed kunde förenas med vissa risker. Respondenterna upplevde generellt arbetet som spännande, roligt och givande.Studien belyser även förekomsten av en viss diskrepans vad gäller associationerna till termerna ”coffee table-bok” och ”praktverk”. Coffee table-böcker ansågs främst av de förlagsanställda ha ett innehåll av lägre kvalitet jämfört med det hos ett praktverk. / Semi-structured, in-depth interviews with eight Swedish graphic designers and employees at publishing houses were carried out with the purpose of mapping the strategic and creative work process of producing Coffee table books and Luxury works (Swedish praktverk), as well as respondents attitudes towards these processes.The three main steps identified in the process are presented and compared to results in previous studies. The production of these books was found to be complex due to the number of people involved, the time required, the costs involved and the relatively small profit margins.  All of which increase the exposure to certain risks.  The re-spondents however found the work to be exciting, enjoyable and fulfilling.In addition to this the study discovered the inconsistency between the definition of “Coffee table book” and “Luxury work” and what was found to be the com-monly accepted understanding of these.  This applied particularly to the term “Coffee table book,” where some respondents associated the term to a lower standard of literature. The terms and definitions of these books will be dis-cussed as well as the market condition described by the respondents.

[pt] Saber lidar com as imagens, compreendê-las e construir significado para elas, torna-se tarefa premente para os sujeitos na contemporaneidade, participantes de uma sociedade imersa na multimodalidade. Contudo, ao contrário da cultura escrita, não existem mecanismos de ensino próprios para a formação visual do indivíduo na instituição escolar. Compreendendo que o livro de literatura para crianças e jovens, em sua grande maioria, encontra na relação verbo-visual o espaço propício à fruição da poesia e da ficção, a presente pesquisa assume por objetivo estabelecer a relação entre o Design, presente nos livros de literatura voltados para crianças e jovens chancelados pelas políticas públicas, e o processo de formação visual do leitor. Para isso, propõe-se, por meio de análise gráfica dos livros literários selecionados pelo Programa Nacional Biblioteca da Escola - PNBE, a organização de um panorama a respeito da progressão de complexidade gráfica dessas obras, relacionando os aspectos gráficos por elas apresentados com o desenvolvimento escolar do leitor na Educação Infantil, nos anos iniciais e finais do Ensino Fundamental e no Ensino Médio. Nesse processo, foi possível perceber que os acervos organizados, apesar de possuírem objetos-livro cujos projetos são condizentes com o conceito de Design na Leitura, não apresentam em seu conjunto uma progressão, ao contrário, conforme os leitores avançam no processo escolar e na compreensão do conteúdo textual, o conteúdo gráfico e imagético tende a diminuir em quantidade e a simplificar-se. Acreditando que ao possibilitar que crianças e jovens se formem sujeitos leitores potentes na significação da verbo-visualidade, alcançando a condição de sujeitos críticos e agentes de mudanças dos sistemas ideológicos sociais que os circundam, propõem-se intervenções para a modificação desse cenário a partir de propostas direcionadas aos mediadores de leitura, dentre eles os designers. / [en] Knowing how to handle, understand and build meanings from images is a paramount task for readers in contemporary society, as it is immersed in multimodality. However, in opposition to written culture, there are no specific teaching mechanisms for reader s visual education at schools. Acknowledging that most literature books for children and young people find a conducive environment for poetry and fiction fruition in the verbal-visual relationship, this research aims to stablish a connection between Design, present in literature books for children and young people sealed by public policies, and the process of reader s visual education. For that, we conducted a graphic analysis of literary books selected by Programa Nacional Biblioteca da Escola (PNBE) and organized an overview of their graphic complexity progression, relating the graphic aspects they present to reader s school development in pre-, elementary, middle and high school. In this process, we were able to perceive that, although the collections comprised books whose projects were consisted with the concept of Design in Reading, they did not present a progression of visual complexity. On the contrary, as young readers advanced on their schooling and understanding of textual content, graphic and image content tended to reduce in number and to become simpler. Thus, this research proposes interventions for changing this scenario based on actions targeted at reading mediators, among them, designers themselves. This would enable children and young people to become empowered readers in verbal-visual meaning-making and reach the condition of critical individuals and transformation agents in the ideological social systems that surround them.

[pt] A literatura possui um potencial humanizador, capaz de possibilitar ao leitor o conhecimento de si próprio e do mundo, com especial relevância para o jovem leitor, que está em processo de formação da sua subjetividade. Contudo, a pesquisa Retratos da Leitura no Brasil constata um movimento de afastamento entre o jovem e a leitura literária. Identificando o Design como mediador de leitura e possível aliado no processo de aproximação entre o público juvenil e os livros de literatura, busca-se nesta dissertação um entendimento dos lugares do Design no mercado editorial contemporâneo e nas políticas públicas de fomento à leitura, por meio da análise quantitativa e qualitativa de livros formadores do acervo do Programa Nacional Biblioteca da Escola (PNBE). A categorização organizada, a partir dos conceitos de Linden, Haslam e Lupton e Phillips, compõe um panorama das relações entre conteúdo textual e imagético nos livros para jovens e relaciona a presença de elementos do Design à valorização da fruição do leitor e ao diálogo entre as diversas linguagens do objeto-livro. Ao constatar que a maioria dos livros não considera o lugar social do jovem leitor e não explora as possibilidades oferecidas pelo Design, propõe-se uma política de Design na Leitura, configurada como atividade projetual de vocação interdisciplinar que entende o leitor enquanto instância cultural e social, visando não apenas contribuir para a consolidação do Design como campo interdisciplinar junto às políticas públicas de fomento à leitura, como também para um projeto de formação continuada do magistério. / [en] Literature has a humanizing potential, capable of enabling the reader to acquire knowledge both about him/herself and the world. For this reason, it has special relevance to the young reader, who is in the process of forming his/her subjectivity. Nevertheless, the research Retratos da Leitura no Brasil (Portray of Reading in Brazil) shows a distancing movement of the young reader and literary reading. Identifying Design as a mediator for reading and a possible ally in the approximation process between the juvenile audience and literature books, this dissertation aims at understanding the role of Design in the contemporary publishing market and in public policies aimed at promoting reading. Thus, it presents both a quantitative and qualitative analyses of the collection of books at the Programa Nacional Biblioteca da Escola (PNBE – School Library National Program). The categories, organized according to the concepts proposed by Linden, Haslam and Lupton e Phillips, comprise an overview of the relations between textual and pictorial content in the books for young people and relates the presence of Design elements to the valorization of reader fruition and dialog among the several languages of the book. Research findings indicate that most books do not consider the social role of the young reader and do not explore the possibilities offered by Design. Thus, this research proposes the development of a policy of Design in Reading as a project-oriented activity of interdisciplinary feature, which perceives the reader as both a cultural and social instance and aims not only at contributing to the consolidation of Design as an interdisciplinary field in public policies to promote reading, but also as a project of continuing education in teaching.

[pt] O trabalho investiga o papel que o design de livros impressos adquiriu na cultura disciplinar da arquitetura desde a última década do século XX, principalmente em monografias produzidas por expoentes com fama e atuação internacional. Compreendendo que o design de livros tem sido crescentemente usado como instrumento de constituição de uma identidade ou atitude pública de arquitetos., o objetivo do estudo é analisar se e como certos atributos do discurso profissional e mesmo da obra arquitetônica dos escritórios (que são tanto o autor quanto o assunto) se fazem presentes na configuração formal dada aos livros e, especialmente, na linguagem gráfica das apresentações de projeto contidas neles. Para isso, o trabalho contextualiza a inserção cultural e potencialidade expressiva do livro impresso em face à recente realidade de mídias eletrônicas e, especificamente, ao desenvolvimento histórico das relações entre a disciplina da arquitetura e suas mídias de difusão, apresentando também uma reflexão metodológica sobre os fatores, elementos e conceitos a serem considerados para uma análise do design de livros de arquitetura. A tese apresenta em seguida três estudos de caso, dos quais o principal é o influente S,M,L,XL, monografia de Rem Koolhaas e seu escritório OMA feita em parceria com o designer Bruce Mau (1995). Os outros estudos, mais sucintos, tratam de livros inspirados nesse primeiro caso: FARMAX: Excursions in Density, do escritório MVRDV (1998), e Yes is More: an archicomic on architectural evolution, de Bjarke Ingels Group (2009). A partir de paralelos e divergências entre esses três casos, a tese procura ressaltar aspectos relevantes das dinâmicas profissionais e culturais internas à disciplina da arquitetura na contemporaneidade. / [en] The dissertation investigates the role of book design in architecture s disciplinary culture since the last decade of the twentieth century, especially in monographs produced by firms internationally famed. Considering that book design has been increasingly used by famous architects as a tool for the construction and display of public identity and attitude, the goal of this work is to analyze whether and how some attributes of professional discourse and even of designs from the architecture offices (who are both authors and the subjects), are incorporated in the formal configuration given to books and, especially, in the graphic language of project presentations in them. The dissertation examines the cultural role and expressive potential of the printed book medium in the context of recent times electronic media and, specifically, in the historical development of relations between the discipline of architecture and its media of diffusion. It presents a methodological reflection on factors, elements and concepts to consider for a design analysis of architecture books. Then, it makes three case studies, the main case being the influential S,M,L,XL (1995), monograph by architect Rem Koolhaas and his Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) made in partnership with graphic designer Bruce Mau. The two other shorter analysis address books inspired by the first case: FARMAX: Excursions in Density, from MVRDV (1998), and Yes is More: an archicomic on architectural evolution (2009), from Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG). Through comparing the similarities and divergences between those three books, the dissertation seeks to highlight relevant aspects of professional and cultural dynamics internal to the architecture discipline in contemporary times.

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Drawing on the methods of feminist art history and my own knowledge of the field, this PhD gives an overview of “Russian” (Russian Empire, Soviet, post-Soviet) art history with women at its center. Starting in the late 18th century and spanning to the present-day, I critically examine women’s artworks, the social contexts in which those women find themselves, as well as their biographies. Thus, this thesis extends beyond strict media analysis as a central concern of feminist criticism. This text consist of five chapters. Chapter One begins at the end of the 18th century and covers women artists working throughout the Russian Empire up through the beginning of the 20th century. Thesis looks at specific women artists and how the path to professionalization opened up new doors while women were still largely excluded from elite artistic circles. This overview demonstrates how this occurred both in explicit social exclusion as well as implicitly – specifically in the ways that the portrayals of women in professional art shifted throughout the 19th century. The ambivalent nature of women’s simultaneous inclusion and exclusion from leading art institutions and groups serves as a defining feature of the art world of the Russian Empire. Chapter Two examines women’s roles in the avant-garde at the beginning of the 20th century. As has been recognized in much popular scholarship, women served as key players in the so-called “Russian Avant-Garde”. For instance, while many Western European artists at the time turned to the colonies of their respective empires for stimulation, many Russian avant-garde artists turned to local peasants. Precisely because of their more differentiated relationships, Chapter Two argues that these women artists produced very dissimilar work from their Western European counterparts. This was due both to questions of gender as well as power and colonialism. From there, thesis shows the ways in which women avant-garde artists made use of various media – especially textiles, porcelain, and book design. Chapter Three revolves around women artists in the Soviet Union. At first it examines how women were portrayed in Socialist Realism, which followed largely three archetypes: the collective farm woman, the sportswoman, and the ballerina. In this chapter focus is on how women navigated the slippery terrain of the social world of Socialist Realism by highlighting the role of its most successful example – Vera Mukhina. Tracing through Mukhina’s path from the avant-garde to Socialist Realism’s most famous female artists, the text reveals continuities between the two genres that have typically been overlooked in the literature. Indeed, Mukhina’s development suggests much more in common between the avant-garde and Socialist Realism than most male artists’ careers would indicate. Finally, this chapter discusses women artists who rejected Socialist Realism and produced so-called “unofficial” art – focusing on the (in)famous Bulldozer Exhibition of 1974. Chapter Four illuminates how women artists negotiated the enormous socio-political changes during Perestroika through past the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In the 1990’s, three prominent all-women art collectives emerged: the Factory of Found Clothes, the Cyber-Femin Club, and the Fourth Height. Based largely on interviews with the women who participated in the groups, text sketches out a general history of how they formed, produced art, and confronted questions of gender and society. Then, chapter four turns to women artists who worked mostly individually throughout the same period. In this thesis women artists from the 90’s are categorized based on their concepts of gender – women who flipped gender dynamics through their art, women who took radical stances toward gender through their art, and women who did not clearly challenge ideas of gender. In the text they are called the “flip-floppers”, the “radicals”, and the “quietists”, respectively. In Chapter Five, there is a break with the chronological approach of the previous chapters. Instead, first part compares the trial of Iuliia Tsvetkova in 2019 and the trial of Natalia Goncharova in 1910. Both women were accused of producing pornography and thus subject to prosecution. Through this comparison, one can see the continuities and ruptures of the gender dynamics in broader society then and now, particularly in relationship to art and art production. Second part of the chapter five, compares the so-called “Leningrad Feminists” of the 1970’s and Pussy Riot from the 2010’s. By highlighting how these two collectives used the imagery of the Virgin Mary in their work, the text draws out parallels between the two that have gone unnoticed, even by the artists themselves. This dissertation is thus fundamentally about connections. Connections, both visible and invisible, define the social constellations in which women artists participate. By drawing out these connections, this thesis reimagines Russian art history and propose new, albeit imperfect, in the words of Amelia Jones, genealogies. Such genealogies open the space for a deep reckoning with the canon.:Table of Contents Introduction But What is a Russian Woman Artist Anyway? Literature Review & Methodology Chapter Outline Chapter 1: Woman as Artist in the Russian Empire Imperialism and Internal Colonization Bridging Art Histories: Between the Russian Empire and the Western Empires The “Russian Empire” periods of Marie-Anne Collot, Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun, and Kristina Robertson Independent Foreign Women Artists, Operating Beyond Royal Patronage: Maria Gomion and Julie Hagen-Schwarz Representations of Local and European Women Artists in the Russian Empire: Comparing article “Russkie Khudozhnitsy” [Russian Women Artists] and Somov’s article “Zhenshchiny Khudozhnitsy” [Women Artists] Paths to Professional Art for Women Artists in the late Russian Empire Variety of Professional Strategies for Women Artists in the Russian Empire Challenges Faced by Women in the Imperial Academy of Arts: Marfa Dovgaleva, Avdotia Mikhailovna Bakunina, Sofia Sukhovo-Kobylina, and Katerina Khilkova Women Artists from the Russian Empire in the Académie Julian: Maria Bashkirtseff, Princess Maria Tenisheva, Maria Iakunchikova, and Elizaveta Zvantseva Female and Male Paths to Becoming an Artist: The Cases of Elena Polenova and Vasilii Polenov Women in the Wanderers and the World of Art Two Women Wanderers: Emily Shanks and Antonina Rzhevskaia Women in the World of Art and Related Circles: Anna Ostroumova-Lebedeva, Elizaveta Kruglikova, Elena Polenova, Maria Yakunchikova, and Zinaida Serebriakova Between Artist, Mother, and Model: Self-Representations of Women Artists Insisting on the Professional Self: Katerina Dolgorukaia, Katerina Chikhacheva, Sofia Sukhovo-Kobylina, Maria Bashkirtseff, Elizaveta Kruglikova, Anna Ostroumova-Lebedeva, Marianne Werefkin, and Teresa Ries The Fe[male] Gaze: Ol’ga Della-Vos-Kardovskaia, Tamara de Lempicka, and Zinaida Serebriakova Chapter 2: Women Artists Shaping the Avant-Garde Conceptualizing Avant-Garde in the Russian Empire Framing the “Feminine”: Noble and Peasant Femininities Women Artists and Religion: Natalia Goncharova and Marianne Werefkin Women Artists and Lubok: Sofia Kalinkina, Elizaveta Bem, and Maria Siniakova The Case of Natalia Goncharova: Between Two Worlds Looking West: Goncharova and Gauguin Looking East: Goncharova and Peasant Culture Craft in the Foreground: Women in Textile, Porcelain, and Book Design Women in Textile Design, Embroidery, and Factory Production: Natalia Davidova, Sonia Delaunay-Terk, Nadezhda Udaltsova, Vera Pestel, Ol’ga Rozanova, Varvara Stepanova, and Lubov Popova Women in Costume Design in the Early Soviet Union: Natalia Goncharova, Nina Genke-Meller, Alexandra Exter, Nadezhda Lamanova, Varvara Stepanova, Sonia Delaunay-Terk, and Vera Mukhina Women Artists and Futurist Books: Elena Guro, Natalia Goncharova, and Ol’ga Rozanova Women Artists and Children’s Book Illustration: Vera Ermolaeva, Elena Safronova, Alisa Poret, Tatjana Glebova, Maria Siniakova, Galina and Ol’ga Chichagovy, and others Women artists and Small Sculptural Forms (porcelain and ceramics): Natalia Danko and Alexandra Shekotikhina-Potozkaia Chapter 3: Women Artists in Socialist Realism and Unofficial Art Aligning Art History of the Soviet Union and Gender Studies Official Images of Women in the Soviet Union Kolkhoznitsa [Collective Farm Woman] Sportsmenka [Sportswoman] Balerina [Ballet Dancer] Socialist Realist Women Painters Women Artists in the Moscow School of Socialist Realism: Vera Orlova, Ekaterina Zernova, and Serafima Riangina Women Artists and the Leningrad School of Painting: Nadezhda Steinmiller, Evgenia Antipova, Vera Nazina, and others Women Socialist Realist painters from the Soviet Republics: Tetiana Iablonska, Vaiiha Samadova, the Sisters Aslamazian, Elene Akhvlediani, and others Women Artists as Soviet Sculptors Women as Sculptors before the Soviet Union: Elena Luksch-Makovskii, Maria Dillon, Teresa Ries, and Anna Golubkina A Case Study: Vera Mukhina the Soviet Sculptor – Between the Street and the Household Women Artists in Unofficial Art Some Aspects of Canonization of Women Artists of the Bulldozer Exhibit: Nadezhda Elskaia and Lydia Masterkova Artistic Couples in Soviet Unofficial Art and Their Visions of Eden Chapter 4: Women Artists in the Late Soviet Union and after Its Dissolution The Emergence of Women-Only Groups in the Post-Soviet Space: the Factory of Found Clothes (FFC), Cyber-Femin Club, the Fourth Height The Factory of Found Clothes (FFC): Ol’ga Tsaplia-Egorova and Natalia Gluklia-Pershina-Yakimanskaia The Cyber-Femin-Club: Alla Mitrofanova, Irina Aktuganova, Lena Ivanova, and Ol’ga Levina Chetvertaia Vysota [The Fourth Height]: Ekaterina Kameneva, Dina Kim, and Galina Smirnskaia Resisting Erasure: Women Artists from the 1990’s The Mirror Game or the Flip-Floppers: Anna Alchuk and Tania Antoshina The Radicals: Alena Martynova and Elena Kovylina The Quietists: Marina Perchikhina and Liza Morozova Curating the “Gender Turn” in the post-Soviet art: Natalia Kamenetskaia and others Chapter 5: Creating Parallel Histories Unacceptable Bodies: Trials against Natalia Goncharova in 1910 and Iuliia Tsvetkova in 2019 Bogoroditsa stan’ Feministkoi? Comparing the Leningrad Feminists and Pussy Riot Conclusion Illustrations Bibliography Additional Materials. Interviews.

Die Dissertationsschrift setzt sich mit der Karriere der Materialität in der Lyrik der Moderne auseinander. Im Übergang zur Moderne bildet die Lyrik Konzeptionen aus, die den Lyrikbegriff des 19. Jahrhunderts überwinden, indem sie materielle Eigenschaften von Literatur in die Produktion lyrischer Werke einbeziehen und im ästhetischen Erleben des Gedichts wirksam werden lassen. Die Untersuchung erforscht in ihrem Fortgang die produktive Wirksamkeit materieller Substrate der Lyrik in ihren technischen und poetologischen Ausprägungen. Im Zuge dessen werden Möglichkeitsbedingungen für die Rezeption lyrischer Werke herausgestellt, die durch einen veränderten Mediengebrauch entstehen. Dabei wird aufgezeigt, dass der Umgang mit den Substraten der Lyrik einer historischen Genese unterliegt, die zumindest in den bisher von der literaturwissenschaftlichen Forschung herausgestellten Gesichtspunkten zum Themenkomplex kaum beachtet wurde, die jedoch zu einem dezidierten Verständnis moderner Lyrik führt. In einer durch die Fragestellung gesteuerten Auswahl sind Gegenstände der Untersuchung sowohl Gedichte als auch Essays und Manifeste. / The dissertation is about the career of materiality in poems of the early modern period. In the shift from the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, lyricism develops conceptions comprising the material qualities of literature into the production of lyric works and make them operant in the aesthetical experience of poems. In this project I do research on the productive efficacy of material substrates of poems and describe them in their technical and poetical characteristics. In the course of this the basic preconditions for the reception of lyrical works as they effect from the changed use of media are elucidated. Based on this I assume, that the use of the substrates of lyrical production is subject to a historical genesis, that was neglected by studies in literature until now, although it would help to develop a deicide understanding of lyrical works of the modern period. Due to a problem based selection of texts the subjects of the research are poems as well as essays and manifestos.

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