Submitted by Fabiana Gonçalves Pinto (benf@ndc.uff.br) on 2015-12-11T11:55:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thalita Gomes do Carmo.pdf: 1449238 bytes, checksum: 36ba4ec665b7ebb30bea7e692a81f261 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-11T11:55:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thalita Gomes do Carmo.pdf: 1449238 bytes, checksum: 36ba4ec665b7ebb30bea7e692a81f261 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências do Cuidado em Saúde / O objeto desta pesquisa reside na Visita Pré-Operatória do enfermeiro com o Idoso que será submetido à Cirurgia Cardíaca. A visita de enfermagem pré-operatória enquanto rotina, em muito contribui para a redução de algumas complicações no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca, a qual por vezes, tem sua base no medo do desconhecido e na ansiedade ocasionadas possivelmente pela falta de informações e orientações. Tendo em vista o aumento da expectativa de vida e sua relação com as doenças cardiovasculares, que acometem consideravelmente os idosos, levando-os a um maior risco de serem submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca, consideramos importante a assistência de enfermagem pré – operatória, nesta faixa etária. Este estudo trata-se de uma dissertação correspondente ao Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências do Cuidado em saúde da Universidade Federal Fluminense, com o objetivo de: descrever a necessidade dos idosos em relação ao pré-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca a partir do discurso deles. E, discutir os discursos produzidos pelos idosos e as implicações para o atendimento aos padrões de conhecimento do enfermeiro no pré-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. É uma pesquisa do tipo descritiva e exploratória, com perspectiva crítico-reflexiva, com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo pesquisa de campo. Foi realizada no Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia – RJ. Os sujeitos foram idosos de ambos os sexos internados para realizarem cirurgia cardíaca. Foram entrevistados 10 idosos, sendo 6 homens e 4 mulheres. Três deles se encontram na faixa etária entre 60 aos 65 anos, seis na faixa etária entre 66 aos 70 anos, um na faixa etária acima de 70 anos, três possuem o ensino fundamental incompleto, dois o ensino médio incompleto, quatro possuem o ensino médico completo e um possui o ensino superior. Quatro realizaram troca de válvula aórtica (TVAo), três revascularização do miocárdio (RVM), um troca de válvula aórtica com revascularização do miocárdio, um idoso submeteu-se a troca de válvula aórtica com revascularização do miocárdio mais plastia de tricúspide e um troca de válvula mitral com plastia de tricúspide. A técnica empregada foi à análise do discurso do sujeito coletivo segundo Lefèvre. Os aspectos éticos foram respeitados conforme a resolução 196/96 e a pesquisa obteve aprovação nº. 0268/26.02.2010 do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa referente a Instituição pesquisada. Os resultados foram apresentados e discutidos a partir das cinco questões discursivas: rede de apoio familiar, padrão do conhecimento pessoal, empírico, estético e ético. Percebeu-se que a família para o idoso é vista na figura da esposa, do marido, dos filhos, sobrinhos e netos. O fato de estarem internados para se submeterem a uma cirurgia os deixa ansiosos e temerosos quanto ao futuro de seus familiares. O cuidado do enfermeiro é visto como uma atividade importante e relevante, porém os mesmos relatam um cuidar de enfermagem centrado nos aspectos biológicos do corpo. Entretanto observa-se também que esses idosos sentem necessidade de outras vertentes do cuidar, que não só a biológica. A partir do momento que entendemos melhor o cotidiano da nossa prática, vista sob o enfoque do cliente (e nesta pesquisa, do idoso) percebemos o quanto detalhes como o olhar, o toque, as palavras e os gestos podem ser importantes para o bem-estar dos mesmos. / The objective of this research lies in Nursing Care Visit during pre-operative evaluation of elderly patients scheduled to heart surgery. According to Regis and Santiago (2008) nursing visits, as a pre-operative routine, greatly contributes in reducing some complications after cardiac surgery. These are sometimes related to fear of the unknown and anxiety caused by lack of information and guidance. Nurses should be prepared to care for the elderly patient who is being prepared to heart surgery since this procedure is increasely being performed. We consider nursing care during pre-operative period of heart surgery an important factor. The nurse that takes care of these patients may ignore some of subjects needs due to the complexity of cardiac surgery and the advances in technology that involves this treatment. This study in part of a Master Degree thesis corresponding to the Academic Master of Science in Health Care at the Universidade Federal Fluminense, in order to: describe the expectations of care from elderly patients facing cardiac surgery based on the analysis of their speech b) discuss the speech of the elderly and the implications for compliance with the standards of knowledge of nurses in the pre-operative period of cardiac surgery. It is a descriptive and exploratory survey, with a critical and reflective perspective and a qualitative approach, using field research. It was held at the National Institute of Cardiology – RJ -Brazil. The subjects were old (>60 years old) patients of both sexes admitted to perform heart surgery. We interviewed 10 seniors, including 6 men and 4 women. Three of them are aged between 60 to 65 years, six aged 66 to 70 years, one aged over 70 years. Three have completed elementary school, two have an incomplete high school education, four have complete high school and one has graduated from university. Four underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR), three coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), an aortic valve replacement with CABG, one underwent aortic valve replacement with CABG and tricuspid valve annuloplasty and one underwent a mitral valve replacement and tricuspid annuloplasty. The technique used was the analysis of the collective subject discourse according to Lefèvre. The ethical aspects were respected according to the Resolution 196/96 and the research was approved under the number 0268/26.02.2010 from the Research Ethics Committee from the National Institute of Cardiology. The results were presented and discussed based on the five essay questions that emerged after the interviews. It was felt that the family, from elderly point of view, is seen in the figure of the wife, husband, sons, nephews and grandchildren. The fact they are hospitalized to undergo a surgery leaves them anxious and fearful about the future of their families. The nursing care is viewed as an important and relevant activity, but only focused on the biological aspects of the body. Nonetheless it was observed that these individuals feel the need for other aspects of care, not just the biological one. Once we understand better the daily aspects of our practice, viewed from the standpoint of the client (in this research, the elderly) we may realize how small details such as the look, touch, words and gestures may be important to the their well-being.

Submitted by Fabiana Gonçalves Pinto (benf@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-03-09T18:38:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabriela Cristina Oliveira de Miranda.pdf: 1625176 bytes, checksum: 330da45485a147b6c4d362d3ebb7256b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-09T18:38:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabriela Cristina Oliveira de Miranda.pdf: 1625176 bytes, checksum: 330da45485a147b6c4d362d3ebb7256b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências do Cuidado em Saúde / O estresse é um fator associado ao desenvolvimento de inúmeras enfermidades psíquicas e orgânicas, dentre as quais as cardiopatias. Esse estudo aborda como se caracteriza o estresse no paciente cardiopata hospitalizado e tem como objetivos caracterizar o perfil de pacientes com cardiopatias hospitalizados e descrever os resultados da aplicação da escala fatorial de estresse em pacientes cardiopatas hospitalizados. Trata-se de estudo quantitativo e descritivo, realizado no período de junho a novembro de 2015 com 30 pacientes com cardiopatias internados em enfermarias de clinica médica de um hospital universitário no Estado do Rio de Janeiro por meio de análise documental de prontuários e aplicação da escala fatorial de estresse. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o programa Microsoft Excel® seguido de análise estatística simples. Os dados são apresentados em tabelas, expressos em frequência (n) e percentual (%) para dados categóricos e média ± DP para dados numéricos. Dos 30 participantes do estudo, 16 (53,33%) são mulheres e 14 (46,66%) homens, na faixa etária média de 51,9 anos, sendo 12 (40,00%) casados, 28 (93,33%) com filhos, 9 (30,00%) tendo como fonte de rendimentos a aposentadoria, 17 (56,66%) negros, 14 (46,66%) de origem nos municípios de Niterói e 14 (46,66%) São Gonçalo, 19 (63,33%), tendo como doença cardiovascular de maior prevalência a hipertensão. Quanto aos resultados da aplicação da escala fatorial de estresse, houve predominância de sintomas físicos relacionados ao sistema cardiovascular, com taquicardia 14 (46,66%), aumento de pressão arterial 19 (63,00%), e sintomas respiratórios, com aumento da frequência respiratória 15 (50,00%), dificuldades para respirar 14 (47,00%%) e cansaço constante 18 (60,00%). Sobre os sintomas psicológicos houve predominância de redução na capacidade de concentração 15 (50,00%), mudanças bruscas de humor 17 (56,66%), irritabilidade fácil 15 (50,00%), maior nervosismo 21 (70,00%) e desleixo com a aparência 14 (46,66%). Em analise da associação do estresse com a cardiopatia constatou-se que para cada uma, isoladamente, os sintomas físicos e psicológicos se apresentaram de modo diferenciado, demonstrando a necessidade de estudos direcionados para cada tipo de cardiopatia apresentadas pelos participantes. A aplicação da escala fatorial de estresse evidenciou que a presença do fator de risco estresse possui repercussões físicas e psicológicas que podem interferir na evolução do tratamento de pacientes cardiopatas hospitalizados / Stress is a factor associated with the development of numerous psychic and organic diseases, among which the heart diseases. This study describes how stress is characterized in the hospitalized cardiopathy patient and aims to characterize the profile of patients with hospitalized cardiopathy and to describe the results of the application of the factorial stress scale in hospitalized patients with a heart disease. This is a quantitative and descriptive study, conducted in the period from June to November 2015 with 30 patients with heart diseases admitted to a medical clinic in a university hospital in the State of Rio de Janeiro through documentary analysis of medical records and application of the factorial stress scale. For data analysis, the Microsoft Excel® program was used, followed by simple statistical analysis. Data is presented in charts expressed in frequency (n) and percentage (%) for categorical data and mean ± SD for numerical data. Of the 30 participants in the study, 16 (53.33%) were women and 14 (46.66%) were men, with average of 51.9 years old, 12 (40.00%) being married, 28 (93.33 (56.66%) black, 14 (46.66%) of origin in the boroughs of Niterói and 14 (46.66%) São Gonçalo, 19 (63.33%) with hypertension being the most prevalent cardiovascular disease. Regarding the results of the application of the factorial stress scale, there was predominance of physical symptoms related to the cardiovascular system with tachycardia 14 (46.66%), increased blood pressure 19 (63.00%), and respiratory symptoms, with increased respiratory frequency 15 (50.00%), shortness of breath 14 (47.00%) and constant fatigue 18 (60.00%). About the psychological symptoms, there was predominance of reduction in the ability to concentrate 15 (50.00%), abrupt mood changes 17 (56.66%), easy irritability 15 (50.00%), greater nervousness 21 (70.00%) and sloth with appearance 14 (46.66%). In an analysis of the association of stress with heart disease, it was observed that for each one, the physical and psychological symptoms were presented in a different way, showing the need for studies directed to each type of heart disease presented by the participants. The application of the factorial stress scale showed that the presence of the stress risk factor has physical and psychological repercussions that may interfere in the evolution of the treatment of hospitalized cardiac patients

Abstract Alopecia has been suggested to be associated with coronary artery diseases (CAD). However, the mechanism underlying this association has remained unclear. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between metabolic syndrome-related risk factors, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and alopecia among Finnish population. In addition, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was studied in respect of alopecia among both genders. The data come from the national Finrisk survey alopecia sub-study (4 066 men aged 25–74 years old) and two community samples of men and women (aged 55 and 63 years) living in the city of Oulu in 2001 and 1998, respectively. The degree of alopecia was assessed using the Norwood-Hamilton classification scale for men and the Ludwig scale for women. This study showed a high prevalence of alopecia in the general male Finnish population varying from 17% to 73% among men aged 25–74 years, and its association with CVD particularly in age-groups older than 55 years. In addition, insulin resistance, as a metabolic syndrome-related risk factor, was associated with alopecia in middle-aged men. Among men younger than 35 years, low-grade inflammation was associated with alopecia, especially combined with central obesity. Further, in middle-aged general Finnish population, obesity associated most closely with low-grade inflammation, which is in line with the findings among young men with alopecia. Compared to subjects with no alopecia, HRQOL dimension scores (RAND-36) were significantly lower in physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health and general health among women with alopecia, and in physical functioning and social functioning among men with alopecia. Regression analyses of HRQOL-related factors revealed that alopecia was associated with role limitations due to physical health in women but not in men. An association between alopecia and CVD was strengthened in this study. In addition, low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance were associated with alopecia, especially with early onset alopecia. In elderly women, alopecia seemed to be associated with morbidity in vascular diseases. In the future, recognition of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease among subjects with alopecia is a challenge for primary health care that may prevent the development of arterial diseases. / Tiivistelmä Hiustenlähdön yhteys sydän- ja verisuonisairauksiin on ollut tiedossa jo pitkään, mutta yhteyden taustalla olevat patofysiologiset mekanismit ovat edelleenkin epäselviä. Tässä väitöskirjatyössä tutkittiin hiustenlähdön yhteyksiä metaboliseen oireyhtymään ja siihen liittyviin riskitekijöihin suomalaisessa väestössä yleisesti. Lisäksi tutkittiin elämänlaadun yhteyttä hiustenlähtöön 63-vuotiailla miehillä ja naisilla. Tutkimukseen käytettiin kolmea aineistoa; kansallisen Finrisk 2002 tutkimuksen alopecia (hiustenlähtö) alaotos (4066 iältään 25–74-vuotiasta miestä) ja kaksi aineistoa Oulun kaupungista (Oulussa asuneet 55- ja 63-vuotiaat miehet ja naiset vuonna 2001 ja 1998). Hiustenlähdön laajuus määriteltiin miehillä Norwood-Hamiltonin ja naisilla Ludwigin luokitteluasteikon mukaan. Hiustenlähdön esiintyvyys suomalaisessa miesväestössä vaihteli 17 %:sta (25–34-vuotiaat) 73 %:iin (65–74-vuotiaat) ja se näytti liittyvän sydän- ja verisuonisairauksiin 55-vuotiailla ja sitä vanhemmilla miehillä. Lisäksi alentunut insuliiniherkkyys metabolisen oireyhtymän merkkinä oli yhteydessä hiustenlähtöön keski-ikäisillä miehillä. Varhain alkanut hiustenlähtö (alle 35-vuotiaat) liittyi matala-asteiseen tulehdukseen erityisesti keskivartalolihavilla kaljuuntuvilla nuorilla miehillä. Samansuuntainen tulos tuli esille myös väestötutkimuksessa 55-vuotiailla oululaisilla miehillä ja naisilla, jonka mukaan matala-asteinen tulehdus oli yhteydessä erityisesti yleiseen lihavuuteen eikä pelkästään vyötärölihavuuteen. Terveyteen liittyvän elämänlaadun osa-alueiden pisteet (RAND-36) 63-vuotialla hiustenlähdöstä kärsivillä naisilla olivat merkittävästi matalampia kolmella osa-alueella; fyysiset toiminnot, fyysisen terveydentilan aiheuttamat muutokset roolitoiminnoissa ja yleinen terveys. Samanikäisillä kaljuuntuvilla miehillä merkittävästi matalammat terveyteen liittyvät elämänlaadun osakomponentit olivat fyysisten ja sosiaalisten toimintojen alueella. Tilastollisessa regressioanalyysissä ilmeni, että hiustenlähtö selitti fyysisen terveydentilan aiheuttamia rajoituksia roolitoimintoihin erityisesti kaljuuntuvilla naisilla, mutta ei miehillä. Hiustenlähdön yhteys eri sydän- ja verisuonisairauksiin vahvistui tässä tutkimuksessa. Varhainen hiustenlähtö on ilmeisesti merkki sekä matala-asteisesta tulehduksesta että alentuneesta insuliiniherkkyydestä. Myös naisilla hiustenlähtö näyttäisi liittyvän suurempaan sairastavuuteen. Terveydenhuollon tulisi jatkossa tarkemmin paneutua sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien riskin kartoittamiseen hiustenlähdöstä kärsivien potilaiden kohdalla.

Abstract Cardiovascular disease is currently the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Several factors contribute to its development, including increased body mass index, high blood pressure and smoking. Many genetic and behavioural determinants of these risk factors have been identified, but the interplay between them along the life course is still poorly understood. Life course epidemiology and statistical methods developed for life course studies are required to enhance understanding of the aetiologies of these risk factors for more effective prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. In this thesis, structural equation modelling was applied 1) to estimate the effect of variation in the fat mass and obesity-associated gene, FTO, on body mass index over the life course, 2) to identify sensitive periods of growth in influencing adult blood pressure and 3) to identify developmental changes in the effects of two confirmed genetic loci, TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 and CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4, affecting smoking behaviour. Additionally, pleiotropic effects of the variation in CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 on smoking, body mass index and blood pressure were studied. The study population was based on the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 with data available from early gestation until the age of 31 years (N≈6000). The first study indicated that the effect of the FTO variant on body mass index changes over time, with strengthening of the effect by age. The results from the second study demonstrated the important role of both prenatal and postnatal growth in determining adult blood pressure. In the third study, TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 was shown to influence the initiation of smoking, while CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 was associated with smoking persistence. Finally, some evidence was found for pleiotropic effects of the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster on the three traits of interest. Results from all the studies emphasised the importance of environmental and behavioural factors in determining adult metabolic profile, in addition to genetic predisposition. This study demonstrated the usefulness of life course studies in detecting age-varying genetic effects, and provided new insights into the already identified factors associated with cardiovascular disease risk. The findings also emphasise the importance of early interventions and life style guidance for long-term benefits in health. / Tiivistelmä Sydän- ja verisuonitaudit ovat maailman yleisin kuolemansyy. Useat tekijät vaikuttavat näiden tautien kehittymiseen, mukaan lukien ylipaino ja lihavuus, kohonnut verenpaine sekä tupakointi. Useita geneettisiä ja ei-geneettisiä tekijöitä on yhdistetty näihin riskitekijöihin, mutta niiden yhteisvaikutukset elämänkaaren varrella ovat vielä huonosti tunnettuja. Elämänkaariepidemiologiaa ja sitä varten kehitettyjä tilastollisia menetelmiä tarvitaan, jotta saataisiin uutta tietoa riskitekijöiden etiologioista ja voitaisiin tehokkaammin ennaltaehkäistä ja hoitaa sydän- ja verisuonitauteja. Tässä väitöskirjatyössä käytettiin rakenneyhtälömallitusta 1) estimoimaan FTO-geenin yhteyttä painoindeksiin (BMI) elämänkaaren varrella, 2) tunnistamaan kehityksellisesti tärkeitä ajanjaksoja suhteessa aikuisiän verenpaineeseen ja 3) tutkimaan kahden jo ennestään tunnistetun geneettisen lokuksen, TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2:n ja CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4:n, vaikutusta tupakointiin eri elämänvaiheissa. Lisäksi tutkittiin CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4:n mahdollisia pleiotrooppisia vaikutuksia tupakointiin, painoindeksiin ja verenpaineeseen. Tutkimusväestönä käytettiin Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohorttia vuodelta 1966, joka sisältää tutkimusaineistoa varhaisraskaudesta aikuisuuteen 31 vuoden ikään saakka (N≈6000). Ensimmäinen osatyö osoitti, että FTO-geenin vaikutus painoindeksiin voimistuu iän kasvaessa. Toisen osatyön tulokset antoivat näyttöä siitä, että raskaudenaikainen ja syntymän jälkeinen kasvu ovat yhteydessä aikuisiän verenpaineeseen. Kolmannessa osatyössä osoitettiin, kuinka TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 on yhteydessä tupakoinnin aloittamiseen, kun taas CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 vaikuttaa tupakointikäyttäytymisen pysyvyyteen. Viimeinen osatyö antoi näyttöä CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4-geeniklusterin pleiotrooppisista vaikutuksista kolmeen tutkittuun fenotyyppiin. Kaikkien osatöiden tuloksissa korostui, geneettisten tekijöiden lisäksi, ei-geneettisten tekijöiden tärkeys aikuisiän metabolisen profiilin kehityksessä. Tämä työ on osoittanut elämänkaarimallituksen hyödyllisyyden, kun pyritään havaitsemaan iän mukaan vaihtelevia geneettisiä efektejä. Se on myös tuonut uutta tietoa liittyen jo aiemmin todettuihin sydän- ja verisuonitautien riskitekijöihin. Lisäksi tulokset korostavat riittävän varhaisten ehkäisytoimien ja elämäntapaohjauksen tärkeyttä pyrittäessä saavuttamaan pitkäaikaisia terveyshyötyjä.

Abstract Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of metabolic abnormalities including abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. A unifying pathophysiological mechanism behind these abnormalities has not been detected. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing all over the world. It is important to identify the factors contributing to these diseases. The aim of this thesis was to study how the peptide hormone resistin is associated with metabolic syndrome and find out whether intrauterine growth restriction predisposes to adverse changes in lipid and glucose metabolism and peptide hormones in a rat model. Resistin is secreted mainly from macrophages in humans. It possesses proinflammatory properties. Controversial results about its role on obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome have been reported. In the first study of this thesis, resistin levels were measured from 1500 Finnish subjects in the cross-sectional Health 2000 study. Higher resistin levels were detected in subjects fulfilling the criteria for metabolic syndrome compared to subjects without metabolic syndrome. Resistin was associated with several components of metabolic syndrome. Data derived from epidemiological studies show that low birth weight is associated with an increased risk for chronic diseases in adulthood. A rat model of intrauterine growth restriction was created. In the second study, unfavorable changes in the peptide hormones resistin and adiponectin were detected that may predispose rats to subsequent insulin resistance. In addition to intrauterine growth restriction, the effect of postnatal fructose-rich diet was explored in the third study. Intrauterine growth restriction and postnatal fructose diet decreased body weight and induced adverse changes in lipid and glucose metabolism in offspring. However, fetally growth-restricted rats were not more susceptible to the adverse effect of fructose diet. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that resistin is associated with metabolic syndrome and is increased by intrauterine growth restriction. Restricted maternal diet during pregnancy influences weight and lipid metabolism in rat offspring. / Tiivistelmä Metaboliseksi oireyhtymäksi kutsutaan sydän- ja verisuonitautien sekä tyypin 2 diabeteksen riskitekijöiden kasaumaa. Näitä riskitekijöitä ovat keskivartalolihavuus, heikentynyt glukoosin sieto, insuliiniresistenssi, korkea verenpaine sekä rasva-aineenvaihdunnan häiriöt, erityisesti korkea triglyseridipitoisuus ja matala HDL-taso. Näiden tekijöiden taustalta ei ole löydetty selkeää yhdistävää mekanismia. Tämän väitöskirjan tavoitteena oli tutkia resistiinin yhteyttä metaboliseen oireyhtymään sekä selvittää, altistaako raskauden aikainen aliravitsemus ja siihen liittyvä alhainen syntymäpaino häiriöille rasva- ja glukoosiaineenvaihdunnassa sekä peptidihormoneissa rotalla. Resistiini erittyy ihmisellä pääasiassa tulehdussoluista, erityisesti makrofageista. Sillä on todettu olevan tulehdusta edistäviä vaikutuksia. Resistiinin yhteydestä lihavuuteen, insuliiniresistenssiin ja metaboliseen oireyhtymään on julkaistu ristiriitaisia tuloksia. Väitöskirjan ensimmäisessä osatyössä plasman resistiinipitoisuudet määritettiin 1500 suomalaiselta poikkitieteellisessä Terveys 2000 -tutkimuksessa. Havaittiin, että resistiinipitoisuudet olivat korkeammat niillä tutkimushenkilöillä, joilla oli metabolinen oireyhtymä verrattuna henkilöihin, joilta oireyhtymä puuttui. Epidemiologisissa tutkimuksissa on havaittu, että alhainen syntymäpaino on yhteydessä korkeampaan riskiin sairastua moniin kroonisiin sairauksiin, kuten sydän- ja verisuonitauteihin aikuisiässä. Toisessa ja kolmannessa osatyössä tutkittiin rottamallissa raskauden aikaisen ravintorajoituksen vaikutusta jälkeläisten kasvuun, rasva- ja sokerimetaboliaan sekä peptidihormoneihin. Toisessa osatyössä todettiin, että rajoitettu ravinto raskauden aikana aiheutti haitallisia muutoksia resistiini- ja adiponektiinipitoisuuksissa altistaen jälkeläiset insuliiniresistenssille. Kolmannessa osatyössä tutkittiin lisäksi syntymänjälkeisen fruktoosipitoisen ravinnon vaikutuksia. Raskauden aikaisen aliravitsemuksen ja fruktoosiravinnon vaikutuksesta rotat olivat aikuisena pienempiä ja niillä havaittiin häiriöitä rasva- ja sokeriaineenvaihdunnassa. Tutkimus osoittaa, että korkea plasman resistiini-pitoisuus liittyy metaboliseen oireyhtymään. Lisäksi voidaan todeta, että rajoitettu ravinto raskauden aikana aiheuttaa rotalla korkeamman resistiini-pitoisuuden lisäksi muutoksia painossa ja rasva-aineenvaihdunnassa.

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of women of reproductive age, affecting 5–18% of them. Menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenemia and obesity are key features in PCOS and they are suggested to be the most important metabolic risks linked to PCOS, but their respective roles are still under debate. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is involved in sexual differentiation and follicle growth and its level is increased in women with PCOS. The aims of this project were to clarify the significance of menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenemia and serum levels of AMH in adolescence as predictive factors of the syndrome and to investigate the respective roles of obesity and hyperandrogenism as metabolic risk factors in women with PCOS from adolescence to late adulthood. The study populations were the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (N=3373 women) and a Nordic population including 1553 women with PCOS and 448 controls. At the age of 16 years, women with menstrual irregularities were more hyperandrogenic compared with women with normal menstrual cycles. Serum AMH levels correlated positively with those of testosterone at this age. They were higher in adolescents with menstrual irregularities compared with those with regular cycles and in women with hirsutism or PCOS at the age of 26 years. However, AMH was not a good marker of metabolic abnormalities in adolescence or a reliable tool to predict PCOS in later life. Androgen levels were higher in women with PCOS throughout life compared with controls. The parameters that best predicted PCOS at all ages were the free androgen index, and androstenedione. Women with PCOS exhibited increased abdominal obesity, altered insulin metabolism, worse lipid profiles and higher blood pressure from early adulthood until menopause compared with controls. The highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome was detected in obese and hyperandrogenic women with PCOS. In conclusion, irregular menstrual cycles, identified by a simple question at adolescence, represent a good marker of hyperandrogenemia, later metabolic risks and development of PCOS. Due to the persistence of hyperandrogenism and metabolic alterations, the treatment of PCOS should be focused on prevention and treatment of these problems as early as in adolescence in order to decrease future morbidity. / Tiivistelmä Monirakkulainen munasarjaoireyhtymä (polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS) on lisääntymisikäisten naisten tavallisin (5-18%) hormonaalinen häiriö. Kuukautishäiriöt, mieshormoniylimäärä eli hyperandrogenismi ja lihavuus kuuluvat oireyhtymään oleellisesti ja niiden ajatellaan olevan tärkeimmät PCOS:aan liittyvät metaboliset riskitekijät, vaikkakin niiden tarkat roolit ovat epäselvät. Anti-Müllerian hormoni (AMH) vaikuttaa sukupuolen kehitykseen sikiöaikana sekä munarakkuloiden kypsymiseen hedelmällisessä iässä ja sen pitoisuus on suurentunut PCOS-naisilla. Tämän väitöskirjan tavoitteena oli selvittää kuukautishäiriöiden, hyperandrogenismin ja AMH-pitoisuuden ennustearvoa PCOS-oireyhtymälle, sekä arvioida lihavuuden ja hyperandrogenismin vaikutusta metabolisiin riskitekijöihin PCOS-naisilla läpi elämän. Tutkimusaineistoina olivat Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohortti 1986 (N=3373 naista) sekä pohjoismaalainen yhteistyöaineisto, jossa oli 1553 PCOS-naista ja 448 kontrollia. 16-vuotiaiden kuukautishäiriöistä kärsivien naisten mieshormonipitoisuuksien todettiin olevan korkeammat kuin naisilla, joilla kuukautiskierto oli säännöllinen. AMH-tasot korreloituivat positiivisesti testosteronin kanssa 16-vuotiaana, ja pitoisuus oli koholla naisilla, joilla todettiin kuukautishäiriö. AMH-tasot 16-vuotiaana olivat myös korkeampia naisilla, joilla oli 26-vuotiaana PCOS tai hirsutismi. Kuitenkaan AMH-pitoisuus 16-vuotiaana ei korreloinut metabolisten riskitekijöiden kanssa eikä se ollut luotettava parametri ennustamaan PCOS:n kehittymistä. Mieshormonitasot olivat korkeammat PCOS-naisilla läpi elämän verrattuna kontrolleihin. Vapaan mieshormonin indeksit ja androstendioni olivat parhaat parametrit erottamaan PCOS-naiset kontrolleista. PCOS-naisilla todettiin olevan enemmän vyötärölihavuutta, huonompi veren rasvaprofiili ja korkeampi verenpaine varhaisaikuisuudesta menopaussiin saakka. Lihavilla hyperandrogeenisilla naisilla todettiin suurin metabolisen oireyhtymän esiintyvyys. Yksinkertaisella kysymyksellä selvitetyt kuukautishäiriöt nuoruusiässä todettiin olevan yhteydessä hyperandrogenismiin sekä myöhempiin metabolisiin riskeihin ja PCOS:n kehittymiseen. Jotta pystyttäisiin vähentämään myöhempää sairastavuutta ja kuolleisuutta PCOS-naisilla, oireyhtymän hoidon tulisi keskittyä ennaltaehkäisemään ja hoitamaan lihavuutta, hyperandrogenismia ja metabolisia riskejä jo varhaisaikuisuudessa.

Abstract Ageing populations have made osteoporosis and fragility fractures a major public health concern worldwide. Half of all women and 30% of all men will suffer a fracture related to osteoporosis during their lifetime. While medical prevention of this immense problem is impossible at population level, it is necessary to find efficient preventive strategies. Exercise is one of the major prevention approaches because one reason behind the increasing burden of osteoporosis is the modern sedentary lifestyle. However, the optimal type, intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise that best enhances skeletal integrity are still largely unknown. We conducted a 12-month population-based randomized controlled exercise intervention in 120 premenopausal women. The aim was to investigate the effect of impact exercise on bone mineral density, geometry and metabolism in healthy women with the intention of assessing the intensity and amount of impact loading with a novel accelerometer-based measurement device. Training effects on risk factors of osteoporotic fractures, physical performance and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases were also evaluated. This study demonstrated that 12 months of regular impact exercise favoured bone formation, increased bone mineral density in weight-bearing bones, especially at the hip, and led to geometric adaptations by increasing periosteal circumference. Bone adaptations had a dose- and intensity-dependent relationship with measured impact loading. Changes in proximal femur were threshold-dependent, indicating the importance of high impacts exceeding acceleration of 4 g as an osteogenic stimulus. The number of impacts needed to achieve this stimulation was 60 per day. Impact exercise also had a favourable effect on physical performance and cardiorespiratory risk factors by increasing maximal oxygen uptake, dynamic leg strength and decreasing low-density lipoproteins and waist circumference. Changes were dose-dependent with impact loading at wide intensity range. Bone adapts to impact loading through various mechanisms to ensure optimal bone strength. The number of impacts needed to achieve bone stimulation appeared to be 60 per day, comparable to the same number of daily jumps. If done on a regular basis, impact exercise may be an efficient and safe way of preventing osteoporosis. / Tiivistelmä Väestön ikääntymisen ja elintapojen muutosten myötä osteoporoosista ja osteoporoottisista murtumista on tullut maailmanlaajuinen terveysongelma. Ongelman laajuuden vuoksi murtumien lääkkeellinen ehkäisy ei ole mahdollista kattavasti väestötasolla, joten vaihtoehtoisten ehkäisymenetelmien kehittäminen on välttämätöntä. Liikunta on yksi potentiaalinen ehkäisykeino, koska yksi tärkeä tekijä ongelman taustalla on arkiliikunnan vähentyminen. Liikunnan tiedetään hyödyttävän luustoa, mutta optimaalisen liikunnan tyyppi, intensiteetti, määrä ja kesto ovat kuitenkin selvittämättä. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää hyppyharjoittelun vaikutusta 35–40-vuotiaiden naisten luun tiheyteen, geometriaan ja aineenvaihduntaan sekä määrittää luun kannalta optimaalisen harjoittelun määrä ja voimakkuus. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin myös harjoittelun vaikutuksia fyysiseen suorituskykyyn, sekä sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien riskitekijöihin. Toteutimme väestöpohjaisen, satunnaistetun, kontrolloidun 12 kuukauden mittaisen liikuntaintervention, johon osallistui 120 naista. Intervention aikana mittasimme hyppykuormitusten määrää ja voimakkuutta uudella kiihtyvyysanturiin perustuvalla menetelmällä. Nousujohteinen hyppyharjoittelu aiheutti kuormitetuissa luissa muutoksia, joista keskeiset olivat luuntiheyden ja luun ympärysmitan kasvu. Lisäksi luuston aineenvaihdunnassa tapahtui muutoksia, jotka osoittivat luun uudismuodostuksen lisääntyneen. Luun mukautumisen ja mitattujen iskukuormitusten välillä havaittiin annos-vastesuhde. Kuormitusten voimakkuus oli olennaista, sillä reisiluun kaulan luuntiheyden muutokset olivat yhteydessä kuormituksiin, joiden kiihtyvyys oli yli 4 kertaa maan vetovoiman (g) suuruinen. Luustomuutoksen saavuttamiseen tarvittavien kuormitusten määrä yli 4 g:n tasolla oli kuitenkin vain 60 kuormitusta vuorokaudessa, jotka voidaan turvallisesti saavuttaa normaaleilla hypyillä. Liikuntaharjoittelu paransi myös kolesteroliarvoja, maksimaalista hapenottokykyä, voimatasoja sekä pienensi vyötärön ympärystä, vaikuttaen näin positiivisesti sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien riskitekijöihin. Tutkimus osoitti luun mukautuvan muuttuneisiin kuormituksiin useiden mekanismien kautta ja mukautumisen olevan kuormitusten intensiteetistä riippuvaista. Osteoporoosin ehkäisyn kannalta tehokas ja turvallinen kuormitusmäärä näyttää olevan 60 hyppyä päivässä.

Orientador: Maria Conceição da Costa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T10:51:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Spiess_MaikoRafael_D.pdf: 7162626 bytes, checksum: e20fb30667b4b094b76a74bef9e3ac60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Este trabalho trata das origens sociais e técnicas dos riscos para as doenças cardiovasculares e de sua relação com a alimentação nas sociedades contemporâneas. Em particular, analisa a trajetória histórica e os aspectos sociotécnicos do influente Framingham Heart Study, uma pesquisa epidemiológica conduzida há mais de seis décadas nos Estados Unidos, voltada para a compreensão das doenças cardiovasculares e seus fatores de risco. A partir da perspectiva da Teoria Ator-Rede, a tese demonstra o processo de determinação mútua entre o contexto social e conteúdo da ciência relacionado às doenças cardiovasculares produzida pelos pesquisadores de Framingham, desde o final da década de 1940. Metodologicamente, baseou-se em métodos de pesquisa histórica, documental e entrevistas realizadas entre os anos de 2012 e 2013, nos Estados Unidos. O primeiro capítulo apresenta uma discussão ampla sobre os riscos alimentares, as recomendações governamentais oficiais e a crescente importância do discurso científico sobre o assunto. O segundo capítulo apresenta um levantamento histórico sobre a trajetória do estudo de Framingham. O terceiro capítulo propõe um modelo de antecedentes sociotécnicos para o estudo epidemiológico em questão, apresentando as condições e elementos contextuais que possibilitaram seu surgimento e determinaram suas características. De forma complementar, o quarto capítulo descreve a construção da credibilidade do estudo e sua influência nas percepções contemporâneas sobre os fatores de risco, colesterol e doenças cardiovasculares. Dessa forma, a tese apresenta uma discussão crítica sobre as formas contemporâneas de compreensão a respeito dos temas do risco, saúde e doença, doenças cardíacas e alimentação, demonstrando o caráter intrinsecamente social do Framingham Heart Study e dos enunciados de risco produzidos pela epidemiologia / Abstract: This doctoral thesis deals with the social and technical background of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and their relation to diet in contemporary societies. In particular, it analyzes the historical trajectory and socio-technical aspects of the influential Framingham Heart Study -- an epidemiological research conducted for more than six decades in the United States with the objective of understanding cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors. From the perspective of Actor-Network Theory it demonstrates the process of mutual determination between the social context and the science related to cardiovascular diseases produced by Framingham researchers since the late 1940s. Methodologically, it was guided by historical and documentary methods, and interviews conducted between the years 2012 and 2013 in the United States. The first chapter presents an extensive discussion on health risks, official dietary guidelines and the growing importance of scientific discourse on the subject. The second chapter presents a historical review of the history of the Framingham Study. The third chapter proposes a model of socio-technical background for that epidemiological study, highlighting the conditions and contextual factors that led to its emergence and helped determining its characteristics. The fourth chapter describes the construction of the credibility of the study and its influence on contemporary perceptions about the risk factors, cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Thus, the doctoral dissertation presents a critical discussion on contemporary forms of understanding risk, health, disease, and the relation between heart disease and diet, while demonstrating the inherently social nature of the Framingham Heart Study and the risk statements produced by epidemiology / Doutorado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Doutor em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Orientador: Otávio Rizzi Coelho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T20:39:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_RaitanyCostade_D.pdf: 3902239 bytes, checksum: 8a2cfd7f0667fa050bead8f4ebaf4e95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é uma importante causa evitável de morbidade e mortalidade cardiovascular. Vários estudos apontam para o aumento de sua prevalência no mundo e baixo controle pressórico, mas existem poucos dados referentes as comunidades ribeirinhas. Esta pesquisa compara a prevalência, consciência, tratamento e controle de HAS entre população urbana e ribeirinha em Porto Velho, região Amazônica, assim como avalia outros fatores de risco cardiovascular. Foi conduzido um estudo transversal, fundamentado em inquérito domiciliar em indivíduos de 35 a 80 anos, recrutados entre julho e dezembro de 2013. Realizado entrevista com questionário padronizado, medidas de pressão arterial (PA), peso, altura e circunferência abdominal (CA). HAS foi definido através de indivíduos que relataram ter a doença, ou prescritos para uso de medicações anti-hipertensivas ou aqueles que tinham PA sistólica ? 140 mmHg ou PA diastólica ? 90 mmHg, na média de duas medidas usando dispositivo digital automático. Consciência foi baseada em autorrelatos, tratamento no uso de medicamento anti-hipertensivo, e controle foi definido quando indivíduos apresentavam PA menor do que 140/90 mmHg. Foi calculado índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e CA para avaliação de obesidade e obesidade abdominal. Também foi avaliado, através de autorrelatos, a taxa de diabetes, dislipidemia, tabagismo. Entre 1410 participantes, 750 (53,19%) tinham HAS e 473 (63,06%) eram cientes do diagnóstico. Daqueles que tinham consciência do diagnóstico, a maioria 404 (85.41%) recebia tratamento farmacológico, mas a taxa de controle foi baixa. As percentagens de prevalência e tratamento foram maiores na área urbana, respectivamente, (55,48% vs. 48,87%)(p=0,02) e (61,25% vs. 52,30%)(p<0,01). A consciência de HAS foi maior na área ribeirinha (61,05% vs. - 67,36%)(p<0,01), mas as taxas de controle, tanto entre todos os hipertensos quanto naqueles que faziam tratamento farmacológico, foram similares, respectivamente, (22,11% vs. 23,43%)(p=0,69) e (33,88% vs. 34,32%) (p=0,77). Não houve diferença significativa no sobrepeso (40,93% vs. 40,28%)(p=0,73); obesidade (19,10% vs 19,63%)(p=0,68) e tabagismo (18,56% vs. 16,76%)(p=0,09). Cerca de metade dos participantes apresentavam HAS. A prevalência foi mais alta nos urbanos, mas a diferença para os ribeirinhos foi pequena. Dos indivíduos hipertensos, tanto na área urbana quanto ribeirinha, menos de um quarto tinham HAS controlada / Abstract: High blood pressure (hypertension) is a major preventable cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Several studies indicate to the increase its prevalence in the world and low control rate, but there are few data on the riverside communities. This research compares the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension between urban and riverside population in Porto Velho, the Amazon region, as well as evaluating other cardiovascular risk factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted, based on a household survey in individuals 35-80 years recruited between July and December 2013. Directed interview with standardized questionnaire, blood pressure measurements (PA), weight, height and waist circumference (WC). Hypertension was defined by individuals who reported having the disease, or prescribed for use of antihypertensive medications or those who had systolic blood pressure ? 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ? 90 mmHg, the mean of two measurements using automatic digital device. Awareness was based on self-reports, treatment in the use of antihypertensive medication, and control was defined as a BP ? 140/90 mm Hg. We calculated body mass index (BMI) and WC for assessing obesity and abdominal obesity. We also assessed through self-report, the rate of diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking. Among 1410 participants, 750 (53.19%) had hypertension and 473 (63.06%) were aware of their diagnosis. Of those who were aware of the diagnosis, 404 (85.41%) received pharmacological treatment, but the control rate was low. The percentages of prevalence and treatment were higher in urban areas, respectively (55.48% vs. 48.87%) (p = 0:02) and (61.25% vs. 52.30%) (p <0.01). Awareness was higher in the riverside area (61.05% vs. 67.36%) (p <0.01), but control rates, both among all hypertensive patients and in those who were pharmacological treatment were similar, respectively, (22.11% vs . 23.43%) (p = 0.69) and (33.88% vs. 34.32%) (p = 0.77). - There was no significant difference in the overweight (40.93% vs. 40.28%) (p = 0.73); obesity (19.10% vs. 19.63%) (p = 0.68) and smoking (18.56% vs. 16.76%) (p = 0.09). Hypertension prevalence was higher in the urban population than in the riverside population. Of the hypertensive individuals in both areas, < 25% had controlled blood pressure / Doutorado / Clinica Medica / Doutor em Clínica Médica

Introdução: O Edema Agudo dos Pulmões Cardiogênico (EAP) é uma condição clínica caracterizada por alta morbidade e mortalidade apesar dos avanços na terapia médica. Relatos de casos sugerem que a Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (AOS) pode contribuir para desencadear episódios de EAP. No entanto, não existem estudos que avaliaram o impacto da AOS em pacientes com EAP. O objetivo desse estudo foi o de avaliar o impacto da AOS em eventos cardiovasculares após a recuperação de um evento confirmado de EAP. Métodos: No período de Janeiro de 2013 a Janeiro de 2015, recrutamos casos consecutivos de EAP nas Unidades de Emergências de três centros terciários de Cardiologia. Foram excluídos pacientes que não atenderam os critérios clínicos para EAP, pacientes que morreram antes de estudo do sono ou se recusaram a participar do protocolo. Após o tratamento de rotina para EAP e estabilização clínica (~30 dias), todos os pacientes com EAP confirmado foram convidados a realizar a monitorização portátil do sono. A AOS foi definida por um índice de apneia e hipopneia (IAH) >= 15 eventos/hora, excluindo-se casos com apneia predominantemente do tipo central. Realizamos o seguimento dos pacientes em busca de eventos cardiovasculares adotando critérios padronizados. O objetivo primário foi identificar a recorrência do EAP em pacientes com e sem AOS. Objetivos secundários incluíram incidência do infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), o óbito total e cardiovascular bem como identificar o período de ocorrência do EAP em pacientes com e sem AOS. Análise de regressão de Cox foi obtida para identificar preditores independentes de eventos. Um valor de p < 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significante. Resultados: Avaliamos inicialmente 255 pacientes adultos com suspeita clínica de EAP. Após as exclusões, foram estudados 104 pacientes com diagnóstico confirmado de EAP. A monitorização do sono ocorreu 31±7 dias após o episódio de EAP. A frequência da AOS nestes pacientes foi de 61% (64 pacientes). Destes, apenas 3 pacientes (3%) tinham conhecimento prévio da AOS e nenhum estava sobre tratamento específico para a AOS. Pacientes com e sem AOS não apresentaram diferenças de idade, sexo, índice de massa corpórea e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo. O seguimento médio foi de 12 ± 7meses. Trinta e um pacientes (30%) tiveram recorrência do EAP no seguimento. Em comparação com indivíduos sem AOS, os pacientes com AOS apresentaram maior recorrência do EAP (6 vs. 25 episódios, p=0,01) e maior incidência de IAM (0 vs. 15 episódios, p=0,0004). Todos os óbitos ocorreram no grupo com AOS (p=0,0001), sendo 17 óbitos totais, dos quais 13 por causas cardiovasculares. A AOS foi independentemente associada com maior recorrência de EAP (HR 3,3; IC 95% 1,2-8,8; p=0,01); incidência de IAM: (HR 2,3; IC 95% 1,1-9,5; p=0,002), óbito total (HR 6,5; 95% CI% 1,2-64,0; p=0,005) e óbito cardiovascular (HR 5,4; IC 95% 1,4-48,4; p=0,004). Entre os pacientes com AOS, aqueles que tiveram recorrência de EAP ou foram à óbito tiveram maior IAH e mais episódios de EAP cujo início dos sintomas ocorreram durante o sono. A análise de sobrevida livre de eventos após o estudo do sono mostrou que o grupo com AOS teve pior prognóstico para recorrência de EAP, incidência de IAM e óbitos totais e por causas cardiovasculares do que pacientes sem AOS. Conclusões: A AOS é muito comum, subdiagnosticada e independentemente associada com maior recorrência do EAP e morbimortalidades em pacientes que sobreviveram a um episódio prévio de EAP / Introduction: Acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE) is a clinical condition characterized by high morbidity and mortality despite advancements in medical therapy. Case reports suggest that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may contribute to trigger ACPE episodes. However, no previous systematic study evaluated the impact of OSA on patients with ACPE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of OSA on cardiovascular events after ACPE recovery. Methods: From January 2013 to January 2015, we recruited consecutive cases of ACPE from three Emergency Units Cardiology tertiary hospitals. We excluded patients who did not meet criteria for ACPE, died before sleep study or refused to participate in the protocol. After routine treatment for ACPE and clinical stabilization (~ 30 days), all patients with confirmed ACPE were invited to perform a portable sleep monitoring. OSA was defined by an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) >= 15 events/hour. We excluded patients with predominantly central apnea. We carried out the follow-up searching for cardiovascular events by adopting standardized criteria. The main aim was ACPE recurrence. Secondary aims included incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), total and cardiovascular deaths as well as differences in the period of occurrence of the ACPE in patients with and without OSA. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of events. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: We initially evaluated 255 adult patients with clinical suspicion of ACPE. After exclusions, 104 patients were studied with a confirmed diagnosis of ACPE. The potable sleep monitoring occurred 31 ± 7 days following the ACPE episode. The frequency of OSA in these patients was 61% (64 patients). Of these, only 3 patients (3%) had prior knowledge of OSA diagnosis. None of them was on specific treatment. Patients with and without OSA showed no differences in age, sex, body mass index and left ventricular ejection fraction. The mean follow-up was 12 ± 7 months. Thirty one patients (30%) presented ACPE recurrence during the follow-up. Compared to individuals without OSA, patients with OSA had higher ACPE recurrence (6 vs. 25 episodes, p = 0.01), higher incidence of AMI (0 vs. 15 episodes, p=0.0004). All 17 deaths (13 from cardiovascular causes) occurred in the OSA group (p=0.0001). OSA was independently associated with higher ACPE recurrence (HR 3.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 8.8; p = 0.01); incidence of AMI (HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 9.5; p=0.02); total mortality (HR 6.5; 95% CI 1.2 to 164; p=0.005) and cardiovascular death (HR 5.4, 95% CI 1.4 to 48.4; p=0.004). Limiting our analysis to OSA patients, those who had ACPE recurrence or death had higher AHI and more ACPE episodes whose onset of symptoms occurred during sleep. Event-free survival analysis after the sleep study showed that OSA patients had a worse prognosis for ACPE recurrence, AMI incidence, total and cardiovascular mortality than patients without OSA. Conclusions: OSA is very common, underdiagnosed and independently associated with ACPE recurrence and morbimortality in patients with a previous ACPE episode