Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Educational Leadership, 2008. / Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-121).

Thesis (doctoral)--Université Paris I, 1988. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [393]-422) and index.

Det källkritiska förhållningssättet utgör en viktig del inom samhällskunskapsämnet (Skolverket, 2019). I takt med den snabba digitala utvecklingen har mängden information ökat i omfattning, vilket fått som konsekvens att desinformation och konspirationer blivit allt vanligare (Önnerfors, 2021). En viktig motåtgärd är undervisning inom informationssökning och källkritik, eftersom det utvecklar det källkritiska förhållningssättet. Undervisningen utformning inom informationssökning och källkritik är därför intressant och viktigt att belysa och undersöka. Syftet med intervjustudien är att lyfta fram tankar från samhällskunskapslärare 7–9 kring informationssökning och källkritik inom samhällskunskapsämnet. Därtill ämnas faktorer för framgångsrik undervisning kring det källkritiska området behandlas liksom framtida utmaningar och utvecklingspunkter. Studiens teoretiska grund är fenomenologisk, vilket ger en inblick i lärarnas tankar och uppfattningar. Baserat på ett strategiskt urval utgör fem samhällskunskapslärare 7–9 underlaget i denna intervjustudie, vilken kan ses som ett bidrag till den fortsatta forskningen inom området. Intervjustudien visar på att de intervjuade samhällskunskapslärarna besitter goda kunskaper inom informationssökning och det källkritiska området. En viktig faktor är att behandla informationssökning och källkritik som både ett separat och ett enhetligt område. Vidare är det av vikt att utgå ifrån elevnära exempel, eftersom det främjar lärandet. Andra faktorer som påverkar är styrning av resurser såsom fortbildning och möjligheter till ämnesövergripande samarbeten, vilket denna studie visar behov av att utveckla. Det är av vikt att elever får en allsidig undervisning inom området. Förmågan till ett källkritiskt förhållningssätt är en viktigt för att kunna verka som en aktiv samhällsmedborgare. I förlängningen är ett källkritiskt förhållningssätt en viktig förutsättning för att fortsatt upprätthålla förtroende för demokrati, demokratiska institutioner och vetenskapen och dess forskning. / The source-critical approach constitutes an important part in civics (Skolverket, 2019). Alongside with the rapid digital development, the amount of information has increased in scope, which has had the consequence that disinformation and conspiracies have become increasingly common (Önnerfors, 2021). Teaching in information retrieval and source criticism is an important countermeasure, as it develops the source-critical approach. The teaching design in information retrieval and source criticism is therefore interesting and important to illuminate and investigate. The aim of the interview study is to highlight thoughts from teachers in civics in grade 7–9 about information retrieval and source criticism in civics.  In addition, factors for successful teaching around the source-critical area are addressed, as well as future challenges and development points. The theoretical basis of the study is phenomenological, which gives an insight into the teachers' thoughts and perceptions. Based on a strategic selection, five civic teachers in grade 7–9 form the basis of this interview study which can be seen as a contribution to the ongoing research in information retrieval and source criticism.  The interview study shows that the interviewed civic teachers possess good knowledge in information retrieval and the source-critical area. An important factor is to treat information retrieval and source criticism both as a separate and a uniform area. Furthermore, it is important to start from student-friendly examples, as it promotes learning. Other factors that influence is the management of resources such as continuing education and opportunities for interdisciplinary collaborations, which this study points out a need to develop. It is important that students receive a comprehensive education in the area. The ability to meet different types of information is important to act as an active citizen. In the long run, a source-critical approach is an important prerequisite for continuing to maintain confidence in democracy and science.

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Previous research has shown that teaching material reproduces ideology; and according to the professor in History of Ideas, Sven-Eric Lied man, ideology can be read out in all sorts of texts. This is in contrast with the Swedish curriculum, which claims that the teaching should be objective and comprehensive. The aim with this study is to investigate if there is any reproduction of ideology in social science textbooks. With this background I have examined four social science textbooks, by using qualitative research methodology and ideology analysis.  Results showed that all four textbooks are reproducing ideology. In the analysis I have been using the methodological framework, ideal types and for this purpose three ideologies; Liberalism, Revisionism and Conservatism were defined. The interpretation of the results was that the dominating reproductions in the textbooks exhibited liberalism and revisionism, but some conservative reproductions could be found in the schoolbooks as well. Many of the reproductions were read out latent in the books. The authors were also using evaluative written language and a lot of watchwords.  The results correspond with the majority of previous research. / <p>2017-01-20</p>

Inom ämnena svenska och samhällskunskap ska det ske undervisning i informationssökning och källkritik i olika medier i grundskolan. Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med information om hur lärare i årskurs 4-6 uppfattar informationssökning och källkritik i läroplanen samt hur lärare upplever undervisningen i dessa. Enligt den redovisade forskningen i denna studie är källkritik en del av informationssökningen och att lärare anser att elever i årskurs 4-6 inte ska undervisas i informationssökning och källkritik på Internet samt att det finns flera olika sätt för lärare att bedriva sin undervisning. Studien har en kvalitativ fenomenografisk och fenomenologisk forskningsansats. Materialet samlades in genom intervjuer och analyserades genom en kartläggning på likheter och skillnader samt genom att se mönster i lärarnas utsagor. Resultatet visar att lärarna anser att källkritik och informationssökning i undervisningen inte går att särskiljas från varandra, att lärare i årskurs 4-6 bör undervisa elever i informationssökning och källkritik på Internet och att lärare använder sig av diverse olika sätt att bedriva sin undervisning på. / Within the subjects of Swedish and Civics there must be teaching in information retrieval and source criticism in various media in primary school. The purpose of this study is to provide information on how teachers in grades 4-6 perceive information retrieval and source criticism in the primary school curriculum and how teachers experience teaching this subject. According to the research reported in this study the source criticism is part of the information retrieval and that teachers believe that students in grades 4-6 should not be taught information retrieval and source criticism on the Internet, and also that there are several different ways for teachers to pursue their teaching. The study has a qualitative phenomenographic and phenomenological approach. The materials were collected through interviews and was analyzed by mapping the similarities and differences and by finding patterns in the teachers´ descriptions. The results show that teachers believe that the criticism of sources and information retrieval in the teaching can not be distinguished from eachother, that the teachers in grades 4-6 should teach students in information retrieval and source criticism on the Internet and that teachers use various ways to conduct their teaching.

This study inquires to show how civic-teachers in the Swedish upper secondary school interprets, transforms and educates about power in civics. It’s written in the civics curriculum that the education will teach the students about power in relation to different social issues. To find out how this works in practice, a qualitative study has been made with three interviews with civic-teachers at schools in the Southern of Sweden. The purpose with this study is to get a better understanding of the process of the education that teachers face every day. Since there’s so few studies about how power is educated in the school’s civic studies, this study’s vision is to enlarge the field of research and show one view of how the interpretation, transformation and education is made about power. The study focuses on two main fields, the formal and the informal power. The formal power is about politics and for example the allocated power that a politician holds in a government. The informal power on the other hand is more obscure, it is about the power that exists in our every-day lives between people or organisations having more influence because of societies norms or of our own unwritten rules. Power is a returning subject during the entire civic studies. All interviewed teachers agree that power is an important and frequently discussed part of the subject even though it might not always be expressed explicitly. The knowledge about power is important for the students’ capability to understand the society and different social issues. The interviews also show that the students need to be able to see the concept of power in relation to other civic terms. But in general, the teachers think their students have a good understanding about power and especially the power that exists in their own surroundings. The study also show that the interviewed teachers work hard to create good knowledge about power by putting the education close to the students every-day life. This creates a solid ground for getting better understanding in the entire subject. The teachers have different ways of doing this, but a common teaching method that recurs is roleplaying. Usually during this method, the formal power is mainly the focus of the practice. Another common method is to work with the students’ own identity and through that see norms and their effect on themselves and the society around them. In this kind of work the informal power is the most important. / Denna uppsats undersöker hur samhällskunskapslärare på gymnasiet tolkar, transformerar och undervisar om begreppet makt. I läroplanen för gymnasieskolan står att undervisningen ska ge eleverna kunskaper kring bland annat makt kopplat till olika samhällsfrågor. För att reda ut detta genomförs i praktiken har en kvalitativ metod använts i form av tre semistrukturerade intervjuer från skolor i södra Sverige. Intervjuerna syftar till att skapa förståelse för hur denna process kan se ut i undervisningen. I och med att det saknas mycket forskning kring hur begreppet makten undervisas om i samhällskunskapen syftar denna undersökning till att vidga det forskningsfältet och ge en bild av hur tolkning, transformering och undervisning kan se ut. Studien har två huvudfält av makten, den formella och den informella makten. Den formella makten handlar bland annat om politik och den makt som exempelvis en förtroendevald har genom sin tilldelade position. Den informella makten däremot innefattar den makt som finns runt omkring oss i vår vardag där vissa människor eller organisationer har mer makt än andra på grund av samhällets normer eller de osynliga regler vi själva skapat. Makten är återkommande i hela samhällskunskapen och samtliga lärare trycker på att makten finns med överallt, däremot är den inte alltid uttryckt explicit. Det är viktigt för eleverna att ha kunskaper kring makt för att förstå sig på samhället i stort. Utifrån intervjuerna syns att eleverna behöver se begreppet makt i relation till andra begrepp, men att de generellt sett har en god förståelse för makten, speciellt för den som finns i deras närhet. I undersökningen framkommer även att de tre intervjuade lärarna arbetar aktivt med att skapa förståelse om makt genom att knyta undervisningen nära till elevernas vardag. Detta skapar en god grund för att förstå samhällskunskapen. Lärarna arbetar på olika sätt för att nå dit men ett sätt som nämns återkommande är rollspel. I detta område blir den formella makten den mest centrala. Även arbetsområden om elevernas egna identitet används återkommande där framförallt den informella makten blir synlig i form av normer och osynliga regler.

As social media platforms and the internet have become an integral part of our civic and political lives, many questions about how to approach digital politics and civic engagement have emerged in the past few years. This project attempts to address some of those questions, specifically how we may think about civic education in the digital age. I begin with the premise that in the digital age, education for democracy must focus on its epistemic aspect. While proponents of aggregative forms of democracy consider vote to be the main form of citizen participation, forms of epistemic democracy such as deliberative democracy seek to contribute to social knowledge through communication amongst citizens, civil society, market players and state institutions. I initially ground my inquiry within the American context by highlighting the participatory character of the American democratic ethos. For this, I evoke John Dewey’s view of democracy as involving collective inquiry that allows both individual growth and the enrichment of collective life. Then, by examining Jürgen Habermas’ deliberative and Chantal Mouffe’s agonistic models of democracy against the backdrop of increasing digital mediation of civic and political discourse, I problematize democratic subjectivity in the digital age and suggest using Etienne Balibar’s notion of transindividuality, which he develops from 17th century philosopher Baruch Spinoza. While Habermas demonstrates that certain communication conditions are necessary for legitimate political action, Mouffe reminds us that taking into account the importance of collective affective drives can help us take seriously the plurality of our contemporary democracies. However, I argue that in the digital age the strengths of these two approaches must be adapted to the evolving materiality of the environment in which people’s lived experience takes place rather than merely kept for instances of communication that occur within state institutions. For this, Balibar’s suggestion to think of the process of freedom of speech as a public good allows us to ground discourse in the material context in which it is produced and maintained, and provides a generative way of thinking of the role of education in our times.

The Swedish educational system is based on policies such as school law, education act, regulations and the curriculum. These governing documents state that the education should be based on scientific basis and proven experience. However, a lack of education with terms such as non-objective and value free, there is room for interpretation and variety of views. There is a media debate in which different opinions are being expressed whether the teacher should remain objective or not while teaching. A topic such as social science, is interesting to research within political objectivity. How teachers perceive their professional role, maintain balance between objectivity, freedom of expression, and carefor the school’s value. Thanks to interviews with teachers at various upper secondary schools, the essay shares an insight of the teachers’ perceptions. A questionnaire survey was used to help compare how students’ perceive their teachers’ objectivity. This wasused to investigate how and if the teachers’ interpretation of the policies corresponds toreality. The interviews provided a clear consensus that the teachers consider objectivity to be self- evident in discussions of Swedish politics. However, if students’ express opinions which are not in line with the values of the Swedish school-system the teachers believe that they hold a key-role in providing moral guidance which the swedish school system provides and shield. Furthermore there is also a clear consensus in the interpretation of the teachers profession which inherently contains a zero-tolerance policy towards racism and expressions that claim people to be of different values. At the same time as the students’ education is a tool for them to be a part of the democratic system, the students should at all times be given two perspectives in the same field for their ability to create their own views and values.

The aim of this thesis is to examine how civics teachers use and implement of Agenda 2030, the seventeen sustainable goals set by the United Nations, in their teaching. This paper will off in the implementation theory set by Lennart Lundquist that has three requirements: understanding, will and knowledge and how those requirements affect the teachers in their work. Five teachers have been interviewed in person and it is their answers that has been the basis of this study. Their answers have then been analysed by using four themes to answer the questions at issue. These four themes are: knowledge of Agenda 2030, teaching of Agenda 2030, the teacher’s opinion on guidelines and interdisciplinary teaching. The result showed a lack of implementing Agenda 2030. There are a few reasons for this, but it is mainly because there is a lack of understanding among teachers what Agenda 2030 really means and a lack of knowledge of how to implement it.