Les objectifs de ce travail étaient d’évaluer la prévalence vie entière des traitements à visée psychotrope et les caractéristiques associées à cet usage dont l’adéquation avec l’existence de troubles psychiatriques. Les travaux ont été réalisés à partir des données issues de l’enquête Santé Mentale en Population Générale sur un échantillon de 36 785 adultes représentatifs de la population générale française. Un tiers des sujets a rapporté avoir fait usage d’au moins un traitement psychotrope au cours de la vie. L’inadéquation diagnostic-traitement est retrouvée dans le sens « usage en l’absence de trouble psychiatrique » aussi bien que dans le sens « absence d’usage en présence de trouble identifié ». Ainsi, seul un tiers des sujets avec un diagnostic de trouble dépressif récurrent a fait usage d’un traitement antidépresseur ou thymorégulateur. Concernant l’utilisation de traitements alternatifs, seuls 1,3 % des personnes rapportent un usage de traitement homéopathique à visée psychotrope. Ces traitements sont principalement utilisés par des personnes présentant un trouble anxieux en association avec un traitement psychotrope conventionnel. Des études ultérieures documentant l’ensemble des traitements à visée psychotrope utilisé dans le traitement des symptômes psychiques permettraient d’affiner les résultats sur l’adéquation diagnostic-traitement et d’estimer le nombre de sujets évitant le recours aux traitements conventionnels par l’utilisation d’alternatives thérapeutiques. / The aims of this work were to assess the lifetime prevalence of psychotropic drug use and the characteristics associated with use, particularly the congruence with psychiatric diagnoses. The studies were performed using the database from the survey Mental Health in the General Population including 36 785 persons representative of the French general population. One out of three subjects reported a lifetime use of psychotropic treatment. The non-congruence between diagnosis and psychotropic drug was observed in the pattern “use without psychiatric disorders” as well as in the pattern “no use with psychiatric disorders”. So, only one out of three persons with recurrent major depressive disorder reported having used an antidepressant or a mood stabilizer. Regarding complementary and alternative medicine use, only 1,3% of persons reported use of homeopathic treatment for psychiatric symptoms. These treatments were mainly used by persons with anxiety symptoms in association with conventional psychotropic drugs. Further studies assessing the all the treatments used for psychiatric symptoms would allow to refine the results on the congruence between diagnosis and psychotropic drug and to estimate the number of persons avoiding use of conventional psychotropic drugs by using complementary and alternative medicine.

This dissertation sought to determine the effects of a buddy system on a student's self-concept, academic achievement, attrition rate, and congruence levels. The buddy system treatment randomly paired two students for the purposes of sharing ideas, working on assignments, getting to know each other, and supporting one another. The study included three randomly selected sections of pre-college level, developmental writing classes from the Brookhaven College of the Dallas County Community College District. Three other classes served as the control group, and one instructor taught all six sections of the course. Three instruments were used as measures of change: the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS), designed by William H. Fitts, measured self-concept levels; the Personality and Educational Environment Scale (PEES), created by Roger Boshier, measured congruence levels; and a written paragraph measured achievement levels in English. Attrition percentages were based on the number of students enrolled during the second week of class who were not present during the sixteenth week of class. To test for significance, an analysis of covariance procedure was used on the TSCS, PEES, and written paragraph results, and a test for the difference between proportions for independent groups was used on the attrition percentages. The class sections were nested under either the experimental or the control group to identify significant differences between class sections. On the TSCS, a significance of .96 among sections and .48 between groups indicated no significant change had occurred in self-concept levels. For the PEES, a significance of .30 among sections and .75 between groups indicated no change had occurred in congruence levels. Finally, on the paragraph assessment, a significance of .87 among sections and .31 between groups showed no change had occurred in achievement levels. However, the test for significance of the difference between attrition percentages revealed that the buddy system treatment was an effective method of retention.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether goal congruence exists among administrative, supervisory and direct service personnel within public leisure service organizations and among public leisure service organizations of different sizes,. The source of data for the study was a Goal Study Questionnaire distributed to 344 employees of selected leisure service organizations. The results indicated that goal congruence was not established either among duty levels within public leisure service organizations or among public leisure service organizations of different sizes.

I dagens läge med ökad konkurrens om att dels attrahera men också behålla en kompetent arbetskraft, så står företag inför stora utmaningar. Att behålla anställda inom företaget är idag en hög prioritet då kostnaderna för att ersätta anställda är stora. Få studier har undersökt hur olika aspekter av arbetsgivarvarumärket och personliga värderingar påverkar anställdas avsikter att stanna kvar hos arbetsgivaren. Syftet för denna fallstudie är att skapa större förståelse för vilka aspekter som är attraktiva i ett arbetsgivarvarumärke, med CSR som en integrerad del, samt vad som påverkar anställda att stanna kvar hos arbetsgivaren. Forskningsansatsen för denna studie är förklarande med en deduktiv och kvantitativ ansats. Datainsamlingen har skett i samarbetet med företaget BDX i Luleå i form av en enkätundersökning med 97 respondenter. Resultatet indikerar på att företag bör fokusera på vilket innovationsvärde och ledarskapsvärde som de kan erbjuda sina anställda för att öka attraktiviteten till företaget. När anställdas personliga värderingar stämmer överens med företagets värderingar så påverkar det positivt deras avsikter att stanna kvar hos arbetsgivaren. Studien har bidragit teoretiskt till litteraturen i form av en djupare förståelse av vilka aspekter som anses attraktiva i ett arbetsgivarvarumärke samt vad som påverkar anställdas avsikter att stanna hos arbetsgivaren inom entreprenad- och logistiksektorn.

Background & problem: Modern day companies face increasingly harsh economic conditions,which in turn increases the pressure to meet markets requirements. When more stringentdemands are made on corporate finances, it is necessary to have sufficient knowledge aboutthe management of limited resources. Companies justify their existence by striving to achievetheir goals, financial as well as non-financial. Therefore, it is important to be aware that thereare a number of different goals at different levels of a company. One way of influencing theemployee’s personal goals and to create performance that is in favor of the organization’soverall goals is by using reward systems. The balance between rewarding employees to achievethe goals of an organization whilst consuming a limited amount of resources available for thispurpose is a challenge for all managers.Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyse how a reward system is designedin accordance with company goals.Method: The thesis is based on a case study with a qualitative research strategy. The study isbased on previous research on reward systems and goal congruence. The conducted surveyconsisted of interviews with people who have a good understanding of reward systems.Result and conclusions: For the sales force, it is common to base the financial part of a rewardsystem on commission, a performance-based system. The results strongly suggest that financialrewards should be combined with non-financial rewards to increase the total benefit of theoverall reward system. Among these, personal responsibility, free working hours and praise, orpositive feedback should be emphasized. The conclusions of the study show that through theuse of a well-designed reward system, companies can create goal congruence despite a lack ofclear goals and in some cases even when these goals have not reached the employees. / Bakgrund & problemdiskussion: Dagens företag möter allt hårdare ekonomiska villkor som isin tur leder till att det ställs högre krav för att överleva. När det ställs högre krav på företagensekonomi krävs det en god lära om hushållning med begränsade resurser. Företag skapar sittexistensberättigande genom att sträva efter att uppnå sina mål, finansiella som icke-finansiella.Därför är det viktigt att vara medveten om att det finns en rad olika målbilder inom olika nivåeri ett företag. Ett sätt att påverka de anställdas personliga målbilder och få dem att prestera ilinje med organisationens övergripande mål är att nyttja belöningssystem som styrmedel.Balansgången mellan att genom belöning styra sina anställda mot att uppnå organisationensmål och samtidigt förbruka en begränsad mängd resurser, som är tillgängliga för detta ändamål,är en utmaning för alla företagsledare.Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva och analysera hur ett belöningssystem designas iriktning med företags mål.Metod: Uppsatsen bygger på en fallstudie med kvalitativ forskningsstrategi. Studien bygger påtidigare forskning om belöningssystem och målkongruens. Undersökningen utgjordes avintervjuer med personer som har god kännedom om belöningssystem.Resultat och slutsatser: För säljkåren är det vanligt förekommande att basera den finansielladelen av ett belöningssystem kring provision, ett prestationsbaserat system. Resultaten talarstarkt för att finansiella belöningar bör kombineras med icke-finansiella belöningar för att ökaden totala nyttan av det sammantagna belöningssystemet. Bland dessa läggs störst vikt främstvid eget ansvar, fria arbetstider och beröm, eller positiv feedback. Slutsatsen visar att företaggenom nyttjandet av ett väl designat belöningssystem kan skapa målkongruens trots enavsaknad av tydliga mål och i vissa fall även då dessa mål inte nått ut till de anställda.

Grandes estruturas, sejam elas naturais ou artificiais, estão sujeitas a variações, em suas dimensões e posição, no espaço e no tempo. O monitoramento de estruturas está diretamente ligado com a segurança das mesmas, pois o colapso de uma estrutura artificial ou movimentação de estruturas naturais podem causar perdas econômicas, impactar o meio ambiente e ceifar vidas. Neste sentido o foco deste trabalho é aplicar a tecnologia GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) e redes geodésicas no monitoramento de estruturas. Para confirmar a ocorrência de deslocamentos utilizou-se o Teste de Congruência Global. Durante o desenvolvimento do trabalho foi proposto um método designado por Análise Geométrica, para fornecer indicação de possíveis deslocamentos. A metodologia proposta nesta pesquisa foi aplicada no monitoramento da barragem da Usina Hidrelétrica de Itaipu e pilares da sua rede de trilateração. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram realizadas quatro campanhas de observações. Os dados de cada campanha foram processados para determinar vetores, que posteriormente participaram de ajustamento vetorial pelo Método dos Mínimos Quadrados, para cada época de levantamento. O ajustamento forneceu coordenadas dos pontos da rede e a matriz variânvia-covariância, para cada época de observação. Estas informações foram combinadas duas a duas para aplicar a Análise Geométrica e o Teste de Congruência Global. Os resultados dos dois métodos de teste apresentaram boa correlação entre si e indicaram possíveis deslocamentos em pontos da rede de referência de monitoramento por trilateração e pontos da barragem. / Natural or artificial large structures are subjected to variations in their dimensions and position, in space and time. Structures monitoring is directly attended with their security, since the collapse of an artificial structure or displacement of natural structures can cause economic loss, impact the environment and cause the death of people. Hence, the aim of this study is to apply GNSS technologie (Global Navigation Satellite System) and geodetic networks in structures monitoring. In order to confirm the occurrence of the displacements the Global Congruence Test was employed. During the development of this study it was proposed a method so-called Geometric Analisys, to indicate possible displacements. The methodologie proposed in this research was applied to Itaipu hydro-electric power station and its trilateration networks. GNSS data was surveyed in four campaings. Data from each campaing were processed to determine vectors, which were posteriorly adjusted by means of the least squares method, for each survey epoch. The adjustment provided the coordinates of the network vertices and the covariance matrix, for each observation epoch. These informations were combined two by two to apply the Geometrical Analisys and the Global Congruence Test. Results from both test methods show good agreement and indicate possible displacements in vertices of the monitoring reference network and in object points of the dam.

O principal desafio para o desenvolvimento de híbridos contendo alto teor de óleo é a correlação negativa entre este caráter e a produção de grãos. O conhecimento da herança do caráter teor de óleo e da produção de grãos e seus componentes conjuntamente podem auxiliar a condução de programas de melhoramento que visam ao desenvolvimento de genótipos produtivos e com alto teor de óleo. Assim, os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: estimar parâmetros genéticos; mapear QTL e a congruência destes para os caracteres teor de óleo (OL), produção de grãos (PG) e seus componentes. Duzentas e cinquenta e seis progênies F2:3 obtidas do cruzamento de duas linhagens endogâmicas contrastantes para teor de óleo foram avaliadas em experimentos com repetições. O mapeamento de QTL foi realizado considerando um mapa genético com 139 marcadores microssatélites e mapeamento por intervalo composto expandido para múltiplos ambientes (mCIM). As estimativas de variância genética de progênies e coeficientes de herdabilidade diferiram de zero para todos os caracteres. Os coeficientes de herdabilidade apresentaram magnitudes elevadas para todos os caracteres. A estimativa de variância progênies por ambientes foi significativa para PG e seus componentes. As correlações entre OL e os caracteres PG e seus componentes não foram significativas. Os caracteres prolificidade (PROL), diâmetro de espiga (DE), profundidade de grãos (PFG), comprimento de espiga (CE) e número de grãos por fileira (NGF) apresentaram valores altos de coeficientes de correlação com PG. Foram mapeados 13 QTL para OL, 16 para PG, 17 para PROL, 12 para peso de 500 grãos (P500), 19 para CE e para DE, 18 para PFG, 15 para número de filerias NFI e 13 para NGF. Os QTL não estão uniformemente distribuídos ao longo do genoma para OL e a maioria dos componentes da produção. O grau médio de dominância foi de dominância parcial para PG, dominância para PROL e P500 e sobredominância para OL, CE, DE, PFG, NFI e NGF. A maioria dos QTL mapeados para PG e seus componentes interagiu significativamente com ambientes, indicando que experimentos conduzidos em vários locais e anos são necessários para identificar genótipos e QTL estáveis. A proporção da variância genética explicada pelos QTL foi de 52,22% para OL, 42,49% para PG e para seus componentes variou de 25,69% para NGF a 55,03% para PROL. Foram identificadas 34 regiões genômicas contendo QTL mapeados para os diferentes caracteres, não sendo, portanto identificadas regiões congruentes entre OL e PROL. A maioria dos QTL foi mapeada em regiões genômicas distintas, indicando que é possível aumentar o teor de óleo e a produção de grãos simultaneamente, utilizando os QTL independentes. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o desenvolvimento de híbridos produtivos com alto teor de óleo pode ser obtido por retrocruzamento assistido por marcadores envolvendo OL, PG e seus componentes e, devido ao reduzido número de QTL estáveis para a PG e seus componentes, os programas de melhoramento devem ser direcionados para regiões específicas. / The main challenge for the development of hybrids with high oil content is a negative correlation between this trait and grain yield. The knowledge of the inheritance of kernel oil content and grain yield and its components together can assist breeding programs for the development of productive genotypes with high oil content. The objectives of this research were to: estimate genetic parameters, map QTL and their congruence to oil content (OC), grain yield (GY) and its components. Two-hundred and fifty-six F2:3 progenies obtained from the cross between two inbred lines contrasting for oil content were evaluated in experiments with repetitions. The QTL mapping was performed considering a genetic map with 139 microsatellites markers and the multiple-environment composite interval mapping analysis (mCIM). Estimates of genetic variances of progenies and heritability coefficients differed significantly from zero for all traits. The heritability coefficients showed high magnitudes for all traits. The estimate of progenies by environments variance was significant for GY and for yield components. The correlations between the OC, GY and its components were not significant. The traits prolificacy (PROL), ear diameter (ED), kernel depth (KD), ear length (EL) and kernels per row number (KRN) showed high values of correlation coefficients with GY. Thirteen QTL were mapped for OC, 16 for GY, 17 for PROL, 12 to 500 kernels weight (W500), 19 for EL and for ED, 18 for kernel depth (KD), 15 for row number per ear (RN) and 13 for KRN. The QTL are not evenly distributed in the genome for OC and most of yield components. The average level of dominance was partial dominance for GY, dominance for PROL and W500 and overdominance for OC, EL, ED, KD, RN and KRN. Most of QTL mapped for GY and its components interacted significantly with environments, indicating that the experiments conducted in several locations and years are required to identify genotypes and QTL stable. The proportion of genetic variance explained by all QTL was 52.22% for OC, 42.49% for GY and for its components ranged from 25.69% for KRN to 55.03% for PROL. We identified 34 genomic regions containing QTL mapped for different traits, and therefore, we did not identify congruent regions between OC and PROL. Most of QTL were mapped in different genomic regions, indicating the possibility to increasing oil content and yield simultaneously, using the independent QTL. The results indicate that the development of high-oil hybrid with high yields can be obtained by marker-assisted backcrossing involving OC, GY and its components and due to the small number of stable QTL for GY and its components, the breeding programs should be directed towards specific areas.

Submitted by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-10-09T18:35:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MPCC - MARIÂNGELA GALLINA.pdf: 2738383 bytes, checksum: 2dee930c11d516ee62ec9d342824ee72 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Debora Cristina Bonfim Aquarone (deborabonfim@espm.br) on 2018-10-09T18:35:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPCC - MARIÂNGELA GALLINA.pdf: 2738383 bytes, checksum: 2dee930c11d516ee62ec9d342824ee72 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Debora Cristina Bonfim Aquarone (deborabonfim@espm.br) on 2018-10-09T18:36:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPCC - MARIÂNGELA GALLINA.pdf: 2738383 bytes, checksum: 2dee930c11d516ee62ec9d342824ee72 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-09T18:36:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MPCC - MARIÂNGELA GALLINA.pdf: 2738383 bytes, checksum: 2dee930c11d516ee62ec9d342824ee72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 / Research on visual attention and consumer behavior reports how packaging design raises interest and stimulates point of sale choice. However, little attention is dedicate to packaging, that has a similar layout or congruent. The empiricist of this dissertation evaluates the decision making of the consumer in front of a packaging with congruent layout between the brands of the same category of product. It divided into three studies, all performed in a retail laboratory environment and using eye tracking. Two studies were exploratory, being that the second was the inclusion of a controlled variable, the observation distance. The third was an experiment with hypothesis testing constructed from the previous results and supported in the literature review. The results of the study show a correspondence between the shelf position and consumer choice, regardless of the congruent factors and distance of observation. The inputs serve as a basis for future research, can be validated for other product categories, and subsidize marketing strategies and packaging design. / Pesquisas sobre atenção visual e o comportamento do consumidor relatam como o design de embalagem desperta o interesse e estimula a escolha no ponto de venda. No entanto, pouca atenção é dedicada às embalagens que apresentam layout similar ou congruentes. O empírico dessa dissertação avalia a tomada de decisão do consumidor frente a uma embalagem com layout congruente entre as marcas de uma mesma categoria de produto. Está dividido em três estudos, todos realizados em ambiente de laboratório de varejo e com uso de eye tracking. Dois estudos foram de caráter exploratório, e o segundo houve a inclusão de uma variável controlada, a distância de observação. O terceiro foi um experimento com teste de hipóteses construídas a partir dos resultados anteriores e apoiados na revisão da literatura. Os resultados do estudo mostram uma correspondência entre a posição de gôndola e a escolha do consumidor, independente da congruência e da distância de observação. Os inputs servem como base para futuras pesquisas, podem ser validados em outras categorias de produtos e subsidiar estratégias de marketing e design de embalagem.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EDM - Benedita N Tojo.pdf: 2779778 bytes, checksum: f2799ac2d0e34baacac338e0ac77c860 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-10 / This dissertation has by purpose to investigate how first grade students of the High School appropriate of the congruence conception and utilize it in the proof process. The research was embased in the investigation of: Parzysz (2001) about thought progress for geometry teaching; Machado (2005) about knowledge net; Freudenthal (1973) about local organization for congruence teaching and Balacheff (1988) about kinds of proofs. It was utilized while research methodology, some didatic engineering principle which involved fourteen first grade students of the High School from a public school of the São Paulo State. The analyses of the experimentation showed that the changing process from concrete to the graphic-space contributed to the appropriation of the congruence conception and how this process collaborated, partially, to the passage from empirism to deduction. Other complements in didatic sequence become necessary to that this passage from empirism to deduction renders more widely / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo investigar como alunos da 1a série do Ensino Médio se apropriam do conceito de congruência e o utilizam no processo de prova. A pesquisa foi baseada nas investigações de: Parzysz (2001) sobre o desenvolvimento do pensamento para o ensino da Geometria; Machado (2005) sobre a rede de conhecimentos; Freudenthal (1973) sobre a organização local para o estudo da congruência e Balacheff (1988) sobre os tipos de provas. Utilizou-se como metodologia de pesquisa, alguns princípios da Engenharia Didática que envolveu 14 alunos do 1o ano do Ensino Médio, de uma escola pública do Estado de São Paulo. As análises da experimentação mostraram que, o processo de transição do concreto para o espaço-gráfico contribuiu para a apropriação do conceito de congruência e que esse processo favoreceu, em parte, a passagem do empírico para o dedutivo. Outros complementos na sequência didática se tornam necessários para que a passagem do empírico ao dedutivo se concretize mais amplamente

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:14:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sheila Canevacci Ribeiro.pdf: 36581540 bytes, checksum: 4457fba39baff42f7ba0d86f7a0f3931 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-26 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo / Starting off from the experience crossed by digital culture, a mixture of apparently incongruent communicational elements has been proliferating in the metropolis. This is a phenomenon of communication named here as absurd congruence (AC) for conjugating odd occurrences that, being normalized and legitimized in contemporaneity, collaborate within themselves without, nevertheless, causing strangeness. The absurd congruencies (ACs) break out in unexpected and interspaced situations and locations in the communicational metropolis, fruit of the tension between communication, culture and consumption, hypertexting the verbalimage imbrications so very much accordingly to the environment that the strangeness of what they gather is not noticed. To identify the absurd congruencies , it is necessary to practice a methodology guided by a flâneur itinerancy, both in the city and online life, navigating through an interdisciplinary biographical review (Muniz Sodré), articulating four theoretical axes: a) mediabody theory (Helena Katz e Christine Greiner); b) methodological fetishism (Massimo Canevacci); c) cyber culture studies (Mcluhan, Lemos, Shirky); and d) post-colonial studies of communication (Souza Santos, Bhabha. Fanon). Treating absurd congruencies as glocal samplings promoted by the on/ offline transcodification, the objective of this research is to propose its proliferation as a cognitive symptom of the indexed subjects we are now. The hypothesis proposes AC as a communicational event of expanded authorship in diverse materializations, a mediabody of the communicational metropolis that, as it manifests itself, reveals values already present in the very communication / Um mix de elementos comunicacionais aparentemente incongruentes vem proliferando na metrópole, a partir da vivência atravessada pela cultura digital. Trata-se de um fenômeno da comunicação aqui nomeado de congruência absurda (CA) por conjugar ocorrências estranhas que coadjuvam normalizadas e legitimadas na contemporaneidade sem, no entanto, causar estranhamento. As congruências absurdas (CA) irrompem em situações e locais imprevistos e intersticiais na metrópole comunicacional, fruto da tensão entre comunicação, cultura e consumo, hipertextualizando a imbricação verbal-imagens de forma tão acordada com o ambiente, que a estranheza daquilo que reúne não é percebida. Para identificar as congruências absurdas devese praticar uma metodologia guiada por uma itinerância flâneur , tanto pela cidade quanto pela vida on line, navegando por uma revisão bibliográfica indisciplinar (Muniz Sodré), articulando quatro eixos teóricos: a) teoria corpomídia (segundo Helena Katz e Christine Greiner); b) fetichismo metodológico (Massimo Canevacci); c) estudos da cibercultura (McLuhan; Lemos; Shirky; e d) estudos póscoloniais da comunicação (Souza Santos; Bhabha; Fanon. Tratando as congruências absurdas como sampleamentos glocais, promovidos pela transcodificação on-off line, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo propor a sua proliferação como um sintoma cognitivo dos sujeitos indexados que agora somos. A hipótese propõe a CA enquanto evento comunicacional de autoria expandida em materializações diversas, um corpomídia da metrópole comunicacional que, ao se manifestar, revela valores já presentes na comunicação