Inledning Yrket som kabinanställd inom flyget präglas av serviceanda och ansvar för passagerares säkerhet. Arbetsmiljön innebär fysiska påfrestningar vad gäller till exempel kabintryck och låg syrenivå. Mat och måltider intas under olika tider på dygnet och infaller sällan på normala måltidstider. Kabinpersonalens måltider regleras av regler, avtal och policyer rörande arbetstidens längd. Syfte Syftet var att undersöka kabinpersonalens måltider under arbetstid, med fokus på riktlinjer och policyer samt hur de kabinanställda upplevde maten och måltiderna. Material och Metod Efter en inledande litteraturgenomgång genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med personalchefen för ett flygbolag i Sverige samt med VD:n för det företag som levererar mat till de kabinanställda inom detta specifika flygbolag. Därefter genomfördes en enkätundersökning bland kabinanställda i Skandinavien. Resultat Studien visade att maten och måltiden hade stor betydelse för kabinpersonalens arbete och välmående. Från flygbolagets och matföretagets sida fanns en intention att ge kabinpersonalen tillräckligt med tid för att äta och en välbalanserad kost utifrån fackliga avtal om varm mat. I intervjuerna framkom dock att maten inte var näringsberäknad. Enkätsvaren angav att gillandet var lågt vad gäller kabinpersonalens mat, därför medtogs hellre egen mat. Många upplevde också riktlinjer och policyer för maten som oklara och att dessa i vissa fall saknades. Slutsatser Det fanns få riktlinjer och policyer för kabinanställdas mat- och måltidssituation. Detta ledde istället till att informella riktlinjer skapades. Måltidsmiljön upplevdes som stressig och få upplevde att kabinpersonalens mat tillgodosåg deras behov, varken sensoriskt eller näringsmässigt. Ändå önskade många att arbetsgivaren regelbundet skulle tillhandahålla personalmat. / Introduction The cabin crew profession is characterized by a spririt of service and responsibility for the safety of passengers. The work environment involves certain physical strain such as cabin pressure and lack of oxygen. Meals are consumed during different times of the day and rarely occur at normal meal times. The meals of the cabin crew are regulated by guidelines, agreements and policies regarding working hours. Purpose This study was conducted to investigate the cabin crew meals during working hours, with focus on guidelines and policies and how the cabin employees experience the food and the meal environment. Methodology After an initial literature review, a personel manager of a Swedish airline company and the CEO of the food company that provides the airline company with food, were interviewed using semi-structured inteviews. Then a survey was conducted among cabin crew in Scandinavia. Results The study showed that food and meals were of great importance for the work of the cabin crew and for their well-being. There was an intention, from the airline company and the food company, to provide the cabin crew with time enough to eat and with a well-balanced diet based on union agreements on hot food. The interviews revealed that the crew food was not nutrition calculated. The survey indicated that the liking of the provided crew food was low, hence the cabin crew bring their own food. Many of the participants experienced food guidelines and policies as unclear and in some cases as non-existing. Conclusion There were few guidelines and policies for the cabin crew food and meal situation. However informal guidelines balanced the absence of formal regulations. The meal environment was perceived as stressful and few experienced that the crew food met their needs, neither sensory or nutritionally. Even so, many wanted the employer to regularly provide crew food.

[EN] This PhD thesis studies the application of the magnetic refrigeration technology in the air-conditioning system of automobiles. Thermal models of each of the components of such a system have been developed with the purpose of determining accurately its global performance. A dynamic one-dimensional model of a parallel-plate active magnetic regenerator (AMR) has been developed. The model is based in a new numerical scheme that reduces the computation time by 88% compared to the most commonly employed method. The model reproduces very accurately the passive regenerator cases with analytic solution and has been thoroughly validated against experimental results of both passive regenerator and AMR tests. The inclusion in the model of the magnetocaloric properties experimentally measured with a sample of the employed material, the demagnetizing effect, the fluid flow maldistribution and the losses to the ambient in the experimental setup have all been keys to obtain a good agreement with the experiments. The influence of the uncertainties and simplifications assumed when modelling these physical phenomena has been analyzed in detail, which has allowed the validation of different approaches. Besides, a dynamic model of the air-conditioning (AC) system of an electric vehicle has been developed. Thermal models of each of the system components have been included, namely the cabin, the hydraulic loops with the air-to-coolant heat exchangers and the electric auxiliaries. The modelling methodology employed is based on the combination of the conservation equations with the semi-empirical fitting of the global heat transfer coefficient. Excellent validation results have been obtained with experimental results in a wide range of operating conditions. The vehicle model has been employed to obtain the cooling and heating demand of a commercial full electric minibus, as well as the working temperatures. A broad optimization study has been carried out with the AMR model with the purpose of determining the design and working parameters of such a refrigerator that fulfil the cooling requirements of the vehicle with a minimum combined total system mass (affecting the weight of the vehicle and the economic cost) and electric consumption. The electric demand of the electrical AC auxiliaries has also been considered. Additionally, the heating performance of the optimal designs has been calculated. The application of AMR refrigerators in mobile air-conditioning systems is analyzed in comparison to the features of current vapor-compression systems. / [ES] En la presente tesis doctoral se ha estudiado la aplicación de un refrigerador magnético en un sistema de aire acondicionado para automóviles. Con el fin de determinar las prestaciones de dicho sistema de manera global y precisa, se ha desarrollado un modelo térmico de cada uno de sus componentes. Por un lado, se ha desarrollado un modelo dinámico unidimensional de regenerador magnético activo (AMR) de placas planas paralelas, basado en un nuevo esquema numérico que reduce el tiempo de cálculo hasta en un 88% respecto al esquema más empleado. El modelo reproduce con gran exactitud los casos de regenerador con solución analítica y ha sido validado exhaustivamente con resultados experimentales funcionando como regenerador pasivo y como AMR. Para obtener buenos ajustes ha sido clave la inclusión en el modelo de las propiedades magnetocalóricas medidas experimentalmente con una muestra del material empleado, el efecto desmagnetizante, la mala distribución del fluido y las pérdidas hacia el ambiente del montaje experimental. La influencia de las incertidumbres y las simplificaciones en el modelado de estos fenómenos se ha analizado detalladamente, lo cual ha permitido validar diferentes aproximaciones. Por otro lado, se ha desarrollado un modelo dinámico del sistema de aire acondicionado de un vehículo eléctrico. Se incluye el modelo térmico de la cabina, los bucles hidráulicos para la distribución de la potencia térmica con los intercambiadores de calor agua-aire y los auxiliares eléctricos. La metodología empleada para el desarrollo de estos modelos, basada en la combinación de ecuaciones de conservación con el ajuste semi-empírico de los coeficientes globales de transmisión de calor, ha producido excelentes resultados de validación con resultados experimentales en un amplio rango de condiciones de funcionamiento. El modelo del vehículo se ha empleado para obtener la demanda de refrigeración y calefacción de un minibús eléctrico comercial, así como las temperaturas de funcionamiento del sistema. Con el modelo de AMR se ha llevado a cabo un amplio estudio de optimización para determinar los parámetros de diseño y de funcionamiento de dicho refrigerador que cubren las necesidades de refrigeración del vehículo una masa del conjunto del sistema y un consumo eléctrico mínimos, incluyendo el consumo de los auxiliares. Adicionalmente se han calculado las prestaciones de calefacción de las combinaciones óptimas. La aplicabilidad de este sistema en automóviles se analiza en comparación con un sistema equivalente de compresión de vapor. / [CA] En aquesta tesi doctoral s'ha estudiat l'aplicació d'un refrigerador magnètic en un sistema d'aire condicionat per a automòbils. A fi de determinar les prestacions d'aquest sistema de manera global i precisa, s'ha desenvolupat un model tèrmic de cadascun dels components. D'una banda, s'ha desenvolupat un model dinàmic unidimensional de regenerador magnètic actiu (AMR) de plaques planes paral·leles, basat en un nou esquema numèric que redueix el temps de càlcul fins d'un 88% respecte a l'esquema més emprat. El model reprodueix amb gran exactitud els casos de regenerador amb solució analítica, i ha sigut validat exhaustivament amb resultats experimentals funcionant com a regenerador passiu i com a AMR. Per a obtenir bons ajustos ha sigut clau la inclusió en el model de les propietats magnetocalòriques mesurades experimentalment amb una mostra del material emprat, l'efecte desmagnetitzador, la mala distribució del fluid i les pèrdues cap a l'ambient del muntatge experimental. La influència de les incerteses i les simplificacions en la modelització d'aquests fenòmens s'ha analitzat detalladament, la qual cosa ha permès validar diferents aproximacions. D'altra banda, s'ha desenvolupat un model dinàmic del sistema d'aire condicionat d'un vehicle elèctric. S'hi inclouen el model tèrmic de la cabina, els bucles hidràulics per a la distribució de la potència tèrmica amb els bescanviadors de calor aigua-aire i els auxiliars elèctrics. La metodologia emprada per al desenvolupament d'aquests models, basada en la combinació d'equacions de conservació amb l'ajust semiempíric dels coeficients globals de transmissió de calor, ha produït excel·lents resultats de validació amb resultats experimentals en un ampli rang de condicions de funcionament. El model del vehicle s'ha emprat per a obtenir la demanda de refrigeració i calefacció d'un minibús elèctric comercial, així com les temperatures de funcionament del sistema. Amb el model d'AMR s'ha dut a terme un ampli estudi d'optimització per determinar els paràmetres de disseny i de funcionament de la refrigeradora esmentada que cobreixen les necessitats de refrigeració del vehicle, una massa del conjunt del sistema i un consum elèctric mínims, incloent el consum dels auxiliars. Addicionalment s'han calculat les prestacions de calefacció de les combinacions òptimes. L'aplicabilitat d'aquest sistema en automòbils s'analitza comparant-la amb la d'un sistema equivalent de compressió de vapor. / Torregrosa Jaime, B. (2016). Modelling and analysis of an air-conditioning system for vehicles based on magnetocaloric refrigeration [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/68503 / TESIS / Premios Extraordinarios de tesis doctorales

With increasing demand for autonomous systems and self-driving heavy-dutyvehicles there is an even more increasing demand for safety. In order to achievedesired safety level on the public roads, engineers have to tackle many technicalissues, like decision making, object detection and perception. In order to detect anobject or to have an understanding of its surroundings, autonomous heavy-dutyvehicles are equipped with different types of sensors. These sensors are placed ondifferent parts of the autonomous truck. The fact that some parts of the truckare highly dynamical introduces additional disturbances to the signals comingfrom onboard sensors. One of the most dynamic parts of every truck is its cabin.Moving cabin may induce additional disturbances into data coming from sensorsattached to it. This corrupted data may lead the autonomous trucks to make wrongdecisions. In the worst case, such decisions may be fatal.This thesis uses a data driven modeling approach for creating a mathematicaldescription of cabin movements based on data from onboard sensors. For thatpurpose, tools from system identification field are used. The resulting modelsare aimed to be used for implementation of real-time estimation algorithm forthe cabin dynamics, which in turn can be used for real-time compensation of thedisturbances. / Ee ökad efterfrågan efter autonoma fordon sätter ännu högre krav på säkerhet.Eftersom mäniskors säkerhet alltid prioriteras högst så måste ingenjörer runtom i världen att se till att framtida självkörande lastbilar inte bara är heltautonoma utan framför allt säkra. För att uppnå önskad säkerhetsnivå på deallmänna vägarna måste ingenjörerna ta itu med många tekniska problem, somexempelvis beslutsfattande, objektdetektering och perception. För att upptäckaett föremål eller att förstå sin omgivning är autonoma lastbilar numera utrustademed olika typer av sensorer. Dessa sensorer är monterade på olika delar av denautonoma lastbilen. Det faktum att vissa delar av en lastbil är mycket dynamiskaintroducerar ytterligare störningar i signler som kommer från de sensorer somfinns monterade på fordonet. En av de mest dynamiska delarna av varje lastbilär hytten. Hyttens rörelser kan orsaka ytterligare störningar i data som kommerfrån sensorer som är anslutna till den. Den felaktiga informationen kan ledatill att det autonoma fordonet fattar felaktiga beslut, som i värsta skulle kunnaorsaka dödsfall. Detta examensarbete använder sig av datadriven modelleringför att beskriva det matematiska förhållandet mellan hytt och chassi baserat pådata som kommer från de sensorer som finns monterade på fordonet. För attdetta ändamål skulle kunna uppnås används systemidentifieringsteknik. Bådegrey-box och black-box systemidentifieringsmetod användas och jämföras för attkunna erhålla ett resultat som visar vilken av de två teknikerna är bäst lämpad fördetta ändamål.

What I have tried to do in this project is to come up with a system of building that gives the building and the materials within, a chance for a longer life. A system that does not only make it easier to change the layout on the inside, but also makes it easier to disassemble the entire structure with minimal damage to the materials and the surroundings.  The pillar-beam glulam system is inspired by the Scandinavian and asian wood traditions. With wood joints and bolts, the inner structure can be assembled, disassembled and reassembled multiple times. By Designing for deconstruction the materials are not wasted if the building needs to move, and by making the layout flexible on the inside, the building can serve different functions and hold other family constellations within without too much effort or cost.  The appearance of the system is meant to make you think of trees, with the stems and branches and holes between the leaves where the sun can come through. This is something that has come through the different iterations of the system and the buildings, together with the initial research of wood and the forests and through the process it eventually evolved into System:Forest.

The pace of development in aviation technology is increasing, and there is a constantneed for new concepts to keep up. An innovative concept is desired to reach the netzero emission and sustainability target visualized in Flight path 2050. Introducing digital models and virtualization into aviation fields reduces time consumption onmanual modelling and increases design accuracy. Digital mock-up models also helpin minimizing costs due to errors in the later stage of development or manufacturing. The Institute of Systems Architecture in Aeronautics at German AerospaceCenter (DLR) works in digitizing cabin design environments with extensive implementation of the Knowledge-Based Engineering (KBE) approach. The virtual cabindesign system tool also known as Fuselage Geometry Assembler (FUGA) providesa digital model of the cabin of both single and twin aisle configurations of commercial aircraft. The information of aircraft characteristics is provided to FUGA using Common Parametric Aircraft Configuration Schema (CPACS). CPACS coupled with FUGA provides the user with a consistent model of aircraft and cabindesign, when viewed through a virtual platform provides an immersive experienceto be inside an aircraft cabin before physical production. The multidisciplinary capability of FUGA provides experts from different disciplines to perform analysis such as vibration analysis on the cabin environment. For ease of usage and better visualization of information from FUGA, a web-based application through Flask is hosted for FUGA. This enables the user to access the FUGA tool without the needof installing the tool on their devices. With the world now moving towards a greener approach, an alternative propulsion system may require a different fuel tank configuration. Retro-fit of liquid hydrogen fuel tank into an existing aircraft’s fuselage is done using FUGA tool and aircraft performance analysis is conducted and the outcomes are studied. The enhanced and advanced model of twin-aisle configuration, now on par with single-aisle configuration is used for hydrogen tank sensitivity analysis. The comparative study of different aisle configurations retro-fitted with liquidhydrogen fuel tank is further conducted for arriving at an optimal design point fora balance in range and passenger capacity.

A suspension system is to be made to increase driver comfort and ergonomics. This kind of system is widely used in a variety of vehicles, such as tractors and trucks, but is not yet standard for forklifts. The purpose of the case study is to design a fully mechanical, passive suspension system that can be retrofitted to a particular forklift without any cabin or chassis modification. The main focus will be on the linkages used to limit unwanted movement of the cabin. A concept utilizing 2 sets of parallel linkages is chosen to continue develop with the application of design for environment and design for manufacturing. This manages to reduce the total number of component sneeded for the system down to 33 from 43 in the first draft of the concept. The design needs to be dimensioned and further tested before a prototype is built. If the system then is implemented, it will have lasting effects on the forklift industry and the ergonomics of operators.

This master’s thesis deal with design of EV-55 Outback airplane with pressurized cabin. In this thesis are given common principles and requirements of regulations on construction pressurized cabin. A necessary fuselage modifications and fuselage construction are included. Also construction and build up of air-conditioning system and emergency oxygen system are included. Some parts of this thesis are about weight and balance, definition of pressurized cabin load, simple stability analysis and basic flight performance calculation. At the end of this master’s thesis a result of weight and flight performances are compared with analogous airplanes by other producers.

In this report an equation is derived to calculate the dynamic effect of primary and secondary aircraft cabin air contamination. The equation is applied in order to understand implications and hazards. Primary contamination is from an outside source in form of normal low level contamination or high level contamination in a failure case. Secondary contamination originates from deposited material released into the cabin by a trigger event. The dynamic effect is described as an initial value problem (IVP) of a system governed by a nonhomogeneous linear first order ordinary differential equation (ODE). More complicated excitations are treated as a sequence of IVPs. The ODE is solved from first principles. Spreadsheets are provided with sample calculations that can be adapted to user needs. The method is not limited to a particular principle of the environmental control system (ECS) or contamination substance. The report considers cabin air recirculation and several locations of contamination sources, filters, and deposit points (where contaminants can accumulate and from where they can be released). This is a level of detail so far not considered in the cabin air literature. Various primary and secondary cabin contamination scenarios are calculated with plausible input parameters taken from popular passenger aircraft. A large cabin volume, high air exchange rate, large filtered air recirculation rate, and high absorption rates at deposit points lead to low contamination concentration at given source strength. Especially high contamination concentrations would result if large deposits of contaminants are released in a short time. The accuracy of the results depends on the accuracy of the input parameters. Five different approaches to reduce the contaminant concentration in the aircraft cabin are discussed and evaluated. More effective solutions involve higher implementation efforts. The method and the spreadsheets allow predicting cabin air contamination concentrations independent of confidential industrial input parameters.

Orientador: João Antônio Pereira / Resumo: O presente trabalho trata do estudo de uma fonte acústica com direcionamento sonoro controlado. A proposta envolve o desenvolvimento do projeto de um equipamento de teste para uso biomédico na aplicação e análises fonoaudiológicas, em que é proposto o dimensionamento de uma fonte acústica direcional, com adequada isolação e direcionamento do som emitido em relação ao posicionamento do ouvido do paciente, para ser usada dentro de um ambiente acusticamente isolado, dimensionado para permitir os testes, treinamentos e análise dos exames fonoaudiológicos relativos às percepções espaciais binaurais. / Abstract: The present work deals with the study of an acoustic source with controlled sound direction. The proposal involves the development of design a test equipment for biomedical use in the application and phonoaudiological analyzes, in which it is proposed dimensioning of a directional acoustic source, with adequate isolation and directness of the of the emitted sound in relation to the positioning of patient's ear, To be used within an acoustically isolated environment, sized to allow the testing, training and analysis of speech-language pathology examinations related to binaural spatial perceptions. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:44:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Keller Regina Viotto Duarte.pdf: 6118877 bytes, checksum: 782c170d0e229d65a5fdebfa481e0d99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The work developed presents the setting and occupation PRESENT/ABSENT, embodied through a photo job made by the artist. Its result is presented in the first part of the work and reveals the fictional and artistic self refered approach the author gave to the process as a narration of the research's paths, which are shown in the second part of the work. In a dialogue between times and spaces, it was necessary to build up environments for that artistic production. They can be hypermedia spaces (virtual space mainly on internet, such as blogs and social nets) as well as regular spaces (real environment such as the one selected, which is a hotel room) here named as the artist cabin. The artist family album is considered the starting point for a gathering and selection of the artist s father pictures, together with some personal objects of his. Those objects make up the data that will be related to other artist images produced in different times and spaces aiming at a new fictional and self-referenced creation. This way the artistic creation is developed building up new materials making use of specific elements of visual languages presented in the compositions through similar and contrastive approaches. From this action it can be identified the passage experience as much as the existence. In this study, both the artist and her father s existences are revealed in a expressive-reflected dimension embodied in an interdisciplinary doctoral these as a contemporary artistic production. / A tese aqui desenvolvida apresenta a instalação/ocupação PRESENTEAUSENTE, registrada por meio de um ensaio fotográfico realizado pela artista e que ocupa a Parte 1, e ainda, revela o modo de produção artística de criação ficcional e autorreferente apresentado na Parte 2, como um texto de revelação que evidencia os caminhos da pesquisa. Com a intenção de inserir tal produção artística na contemporaneidade, numa abordagem que reconhece a memória, a saudade, a vida do(a) artista e sua intimidade como temáticas frequentes da atualidade, assim como a apropriação por citacionismo, de imagens referenciais de artistas selecionados, desenvolve os argumentos produzindo novas imagens. Num diálogo tensional entre tempos e espacialidades, fez-se necessário constituir os ambientes para essa produção artística. Sejam eles espaços hipermidiáticos (ambiente virtual, principalmente na internet, em blogs e redes sociais) ou espaços de contenção (ambiente real, como é o caso de quarto do hotel, aqui selecionado), chamado de cabine do artista. O álbum de família da artista passa a ser o ponto de partida. Reunir e selecionar as fotografias do pai da artista, assim como alguns objetos pessoais dele constituindo o painel autorreferente e relacionar tais imagens com as do painel de referências, composto por imagens produzidas em diferentes tempos e lugares por artistas diversos, tendo por objetivo uma nova criação ficcional e autorreferente, aproximando-as por semelhança ou contraste, fazendo uso de determinados elementos da linguagem visual presentes nas composições, elegendo novas materialidades, desencadeia-se o percurso de criação artística. Desta ação identifica-se a experiência de passagem, assim como a existência. No caso, a existência da artista e do seu pai, revelada em dimensão expressivo-reflexiva em forma de tese doutoral vocacionalmente interdisciplinar, nessa produção artística contemporânea.