La formation continue et le roulement volontaire des ressources humaines semblent entretenir une relation confuse. Peu de recherches se sont intéressées à cette relation au niveau d’analyse de l’organisation et leurs résultats semblent ne pas présenter de conclusions probantes. La présente étude de type panel pose la question à propos de la relation entre la formation continue et le roulement volontaire des ressources humaines et vérifie l’effet modérateur d’autres pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines sur cette relation. La formulation de la problématique de cette étude a donné lieu au développement d’un cadre conceptuel puisé dans trois perspectives théoriques différentes : la théorie des organisations, la théorie du capital humain et celles des systèmes de travail à haute performance. Les tests statistiques menés pour vérifier les relations entre les variables issues de ce cadre conceptuel ont été appliqués aux données collectées par Statistique Canada, dans le cadre d’une enquête longitudinale pancanadienne, auprès d’un échantillon de plus de 4 000 entreprises appartenant à 14 secteurs d’activité économique. Les résultats dégagés par l’étude confirment que la formation continue entretient une relation positive et significative avec le roulement volontaire. Les six autres pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines introduites pour tester l’effet de modération entretiennent en majorité des relations négatives et significatives avec le roulement volontaire. Les interactions entre la formation continue et chacune des six pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines aboutissent à un seul effet significatif. La multiplication des valeurs de la rémunération alternative par celles de la formation continue agit dans le sens de la diminution du taux de roulement volontaire des ressources humaines. Malgré le fait que les cinq autres pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines entretiennent des relations significatives et négatives avec le roulement volontaire, leurs interactions avec la formation continue sont demeurées sans effets significatifs. Il ressort donc des résultats de l’étude que l’impact de la formation continue sur le taux de roulement volontaire des ressources humaines peut être contrôlé par la mise en place de la rémunération alternative. Somme toute, cette étude a affirmé l’existence d’un lien significatif et positif entre la formation continue et le roulement volontaire. Elle a aussi vérifié l’impact des effets modérateurs des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines sur la relation ci-dessus par le biais de tests d’interaction et a expliqué la possibilité de réduire le taux de roulement volontaire en associant la formation continue à la rémunération alternative. Enfin, cette recherche a permis de faire converger trois perspectives théoriques pour dégager un nouveau cadre conceptuel, lequel a servi de base à l’opérationnalisation des variables, la programmation et la réalisation des tests statistiques à travers lesquels ont été vérifiées les relations citées ci-dessus. / The association between employee turnover and training and development seems to be ambiguous at best. Few studies have shed light on this association at the organizational or workplace level of analysis and their results do not to present clear conclusions. The study reported here raises questions about this matter and verifies the moderating effect of other human resource management practices on this relationship. This study focused on the development of a conceptual framework drawn from three different theoretical perspectives: Theory of organizations, human capital theory and high performance work systems theories. The statistical tests conducted to verify the relationship between the variables included in the research framework were applied to data collected by Statistics Canada, as part of the national longitudinal survey of a sample of more than 4000 workplaces from 14 economic sectors. The results confirm that training has a positive and significant relationship with voluntary turnover, whereas the other six human resources management practices, introduced to test their moderating effect, have mostly negative and significant effects on turnover. The interactions between ongoing training and each of the six human resource management practices lead to a single significant effect. The product term formed by multiplying the values of alternative pay by those of continuous training acts in line with the decline in the voluntary turnover rate of human resources. Despite the fact that the other five human resources management practices maintain a significant negative relationship with voluntary turnover, their interactions with continuous training remain without significant effects. Hence, the findings of the study show that the impact of continuous training on voluntary turnover rate of human resources can be controled by the implementation of alternative pay practice. In fact, the study confirms that there is a positive and a significant link between training and voluntary turnover. The study also showed the impact of the moderating effects of human resources management practices on this relation through interaction tests, and explained the possibility of reducing the voluntary turnover rate by associating continuous training to alternative pay. Finally, in this research three theoretical perspectives have been merged in order to provide a new conceptual framework, which served as the basis in making the variables operational, and in programming and conducting the statistical tests used to verify the above relationships.

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Das primäre Ziel dieser Dissertation ist es, Belege für die zentrale Hypothese der Humankapi-taltheorie zu finden, dass Investitionen in Bildung, Forschung und Entwicklung einen erhöh-ten Output für die Gesellschaft und für das Individuum generieren. Die dafür notwendige Untersuchung wird anhand langer Zeitreihen für Deutschland mit Hilfe cliometrischer und ökonometrischer Methoden durchgeführt und das Ergebnis einer kritischen Würdigung unterzogen. Zur Einstimmung und zum besseren Verständnis des Untersuchungshintergrundes werden die Initiativen der in Deutschland bildungspolitisch Verantwortlichen beschrieben und an der Bildungssituation der früheren Bundesrepublik und des wiedervereinigten Deutschlands ab 1990 gespiegelt. Ein wesentlicher Bestandteil dieser Arbeit ist es, die Genese der Bildungsökonomie, ihre wichtigsten Aussagen und mathematischen Modelle zu skizzieren. Außerdem werden die in der Literatur schon veröffentlichten wichtigsten statistischen Ergebnisse, z. B. über Kosten und Renditen von Bildungs- und Forschungs-investitionen, wiedergegeben. Im Ergebnisteil dieser Dissertation werden die Interdependenzen der Bildungs-, Forschungs- und Entwicklungsausgaben u. a. mit den Schul- und Studienabschlüssen und dem Bruttoinlandsprodukt mit Hilfe der Zeitreihenanalyse untersucht. Bei kointegrierten Variablen werden die Schätzungen einer Fehlerkorrekturrechnung unterzogen, um eine Scheinregression zu vermeiden. Die Interdependenz der Variablen im Sinne der Humankapitaltheorie wird bestätigt; allerdings zeigen die Schätzgleichungen unterschiedlich große Ergebnisse bzgl. der Bestimmtheitsmaße. / The primary objective of this thesis is to provide proof for the central hypothesis of Human Capital Theory, that investment in education, research and development generates an increase in output for society and for the individual. Analysis will be made on the basis of long time series for Germany by making use of cliometric and econometric methods. The findings will then be thoroughly discussed and critically compared. To begin with, and to give a better understanding of the issue the initiatives of the educational-policy-makers will be described and put into relation to the educational situation in former West Germany and reunited Germany since 1990. The main aspect of this piece of research is to outline the genesis of economics of education, its core statements and underlying mathematical models. Furthermore, important statistical data which has already been published regarding (for example) the costs and return of investments in education, research and development will be presented. In the conclusion of this thesis, the interdependences of spending in education, research and development with inter alia graduation and gross domestic product (GDP) will be analysed by the means of time series analysis. When variables are cointegrated, estimates will be subjected to an estimate correction in order to avoid a spurious regression. The interdependency of the variables in the Human Capital Theory is affirmed, although the estimating equations give different results for the coefficients of determination.

隨著社群網路不斷快發展而使得上社群網站成為使用者每日生活的一部分，而社群商務也因此蓬勃發展。社群商務是社群網站使用者因社交活動而彼此交換分享產品或服務資訊的行為。根據Forrester Research在2011年的報告，預測至2015年時社群商務的產值將達300億美金。因此社群商務將隨社群網站不斷的發展，將越來越重要。 因此，本研究文獻回顧及焦點訪談藉由社群網站行為-參與及瀏覽二種行為、社會資本-結合型社會資本(親密朋友)及橋接型社會資本(普通朋友)來預測社群網站使用者採用社群商務-給予及接受二種意願。 本研究以社群網站臉書的使用者為研究對象，研究以紙本及線上二種方式來搜集使用者問卷。紙本問卷主要以北部某大學生為主要搜集對象，線上問卷則以在電腦教室的大學生、社群網站臉書的線上使用者及BBS-批踢踢實業坊的使用者同時也是社群網站臉書上的使用者為主。有效問卷970份。經由信度分析、效度分析及共同方法變異分析，確認本研究之信效度，並採用偏最小平方法(Partial Least Square,PLS)，來進行結構方程模式(Structural Equation Modeling, SEM)研究模型分析。 總體研究一開始先進行分析社群網站行為、線上社會資本及採用社群商務三者主構面皆為二階構面之間的關係。結果發現社群網站行為對線上社會資本及線上社會資本對採用社群商務三個主構面皆是顯著正向的關係。接著本研究模型整體分析社群網站行為-參與及瀏覽、線上社會資本-結合型(親密朋友)及橋接型(普通朋友)對使用者採用社群商務的意願-給予及接受皆有正向顯著的影響。因此本研究並繼續在就個別研究子構面進行探討。 參與行為和瀏覽行為皆對結合型(親密朋友)社會資本有顯著的正向影響，但瀏覽行為對於結合型(親密朋友)社會資本的正向影響程度大於參與行為對於結合型(親密朋友)社會資本的正向影響程度。參與行為和瀏覽行為皆對橋接型(普通朋友)社會資本有顯著的正向影響，但瀏覽行為對於橋接型(普通朋友)社會資本的正向影響程度大於參與行為對於橋接型(普通朋友)社會資本的正向影響程度。 參與行為對採用社群商務意願（給予）有顯著的正向影響，但瀏覽行為對採用社群商務意願（給予）沒有影響。參與行為和瀏覽行為皆對採用社群商務意願（接受）皆有顯著的正向影響，但參與行為與瀏覽行為二種行為對於採用社群商務意願（接受）沒有顯著的不同。 結合型(親密朋友)及橋接型(普通朋友)社會資本對採用社群商務意願（給予）皆有顯著的正向影響，且橋接型(普通朋友)社會資本對於採用社群商務意願（給予）的正向影響程度大於結合型(親密朋友)社會資本對於採用社群商務意願（給予）的正向影響程度。結合型(親密朋友)及橋接型(普通朋友)社會資本對採用社群商務意願（接受）皆有顯著的正向影響，但結合型(親密朋友)及橋接型(普通朋友)二種社會資本對於採用社群商務意願（接受）沒有顯著的不同。 綜上所述，總體而言，瀏覽行為對於社會資本優於參與行為對於社會資本的影響。參與行為對於採用社群商務意願優於瀏覽行為對於採用社群商務意願。橋接型(普通朋友)社會資本對於採用社群商務意願優於結合型(親密朋友)社會資本對於採用社群商務意願。 此外，在經由量化分析研究，本研究獲得全部研究假設分析的結果，接著本研究並採用事後質性分析(Post Hoc Qualitative Analysis)，利用半結構式深度訪談，對象包括大學部1-4年級的學生及上班族來做事後質性分析。事後質化分析的結果是將量化分析的所支持的假設加以驗証及探究更深一層的說明，並提供解釋量化分析所不支持假設的可能原因。 本研究理論貢獻在於採用社群網站行為-參與及瀏覽及線上社會資本-結合型(親密朋友)及橋接型(普通朋友)來預測採用社群商務-給予及接受之意願。較少研究採用社群網站行為及社會資料理論來解釋社群商務。管理意涵在於社群網站的營運者，應思考如何藉由社群網站來增加對使用者的〞黏性〞及提昇使用者瀏覽網站的流量，並依據使用者之前瀏覽的記錄，來推測並提供使用者所喜好的内容。更進一步來說，為增加使用者的參與行為可依照使用者彼此間的互動來分析使用者社群網站上的行為以推薦使用者加入其有興趣的粉絲團及社團，以增加親密朋友及普通朋友之使用者彼此的互動，同時增加線上結合型及橋接型社會資及使用者採用社群商務的意願。此外，本研究建議社群網站經營者應努力發展線上朋友介紹功能，並藉由大數據的資料分析擴大使用者的交友範圍。對於使用者線下的朋友，希望將其成為本身結合型(親密朋友)或橋接型(普通朋友)的社會資本。對於使用者線上不認識的朋友，希望能其成為橋接型(普通朋友)的社會資本，因為他們可能加入同一粉絲團或社團，以促進社群網站的使用者採用社群商務的意願。 / Following the fast growing of social network sites (SNS) such as Twitter, LinkedIn and Facebook in the cyber world recently, the social commerce has become an important emerging issue in these SNS. According to the Forrester Research (2011) predicted the total value of output for social commerce will reach US$30 billion in 2015. Because the development of social commerce will follow the continueous growing of SNS, the social commerce will play a pivotal role in the e-commerce. According to the literature review and focus group discussions, the study explored and applied SNS behavior including participating and browsing, social capital theory including bonding (close friends) and bridging (ordinary friends) to predict SNS users to adopt giving and receiving social commerce intention (SCI). The study applied an empirical research on SNS users i.e. FB users to be research target samples. The data collection were applied by paper_based and online_based as two way to collect sample data. With regard to sample data from paper_based survey, the study adopted undergraduate students of a university located in northen Taiwan was the research main collection samples for paper_based survey. As to online_based survey, the study utilized undergraduate students, who are the same as paper_ based survey in the same university with computer lab classes, FB users of researchers’ friends and Taiwan largest Bulletin Board System-PTT who are also FB users to collect online users’ data. The total valid samples are 970 from online_based and paper_based survey. After reliability analysis, validity analysis and common method variance testing, the study confirmed that reliability and validity of study samples met the requirement of each statistical testing and were qualified for testing the study whole research model. Then, the study adopted partial least square (PLS) to proceed with structural equation modeling (SEM) research model testing. As to whole model research testing, in the beginning the study was testing the relationship among SNS behavior, online social capital and SCI. The three constructs are second order constructs. The testing results show the effects of SNS behavior on online social capital and the effects of online social capital on SCI are significantly positive. Hence, the research continues to proceed with the research model testing. The research findings of whole research model testing have shown SNS behavior as a second order construct of participating and browsing, online social capital-bonding and bridging are both significantly positive influence to adopt social commerce intention as a second order construct as SCI (giving and receiving). Hence, the study will continue to explore the relationships between each sub-construct in the research. Participating and browsing behavior are both significantly positive on bonding social capital. Moreover, browsing behavior is more significantly positive associated with bonding social capital than participating behavior is associated with bonding social capital. Participating and browsing behavior are both significantly positive on bridging social capital. Browsing behavior is more significantly positive associated with bridging social capital than participating behavior is associated with bridging social capital. Participating behavior is significantly positive on adopting SCI (giving). However, browsing behioavr is no significant influence on adopting SCI (giving). Participaiting behavior and browsing behavior both have significantly positive influences on SCI (receiving). However, there are no significant differences between participating behavior and browsing behavior on adopting SCI (receiving). Bonding and bridging social capital are both significantly positive on SCI (giving). Moreover, bridging social capital is more significantly positive associated with SCI (giving) than bonding social capital is associated with SCI (giving). Bonding and bridging social capital are both significantly positive on SCI (receiving). However, there are no significant differences between bonding and bridging social capital on adopting SCI (receiving). To Sum up, generally speaking, browsing behavior is better on social capital than participating behavior is on social capital. Participating behavior is more suitable on adopting SCI than browsing behavior is on social capital. Bridging social capital is more appropriate on adopting SCI than bonding social capital is on adopting SCI. Besides, after quantitative data analysis, the study proceeds with the post hoc qualitative analysis. Utilizing semi-structured in-depth interviews with undergraduate students and working persons to continue post hoc qualitative analysis. The aim of post hoc qualitative analysis is to validitate and provide insight for the hypotheses which are supported by quantitative analysis. Moreover, it provides the explainations for the hypotheses which ae not supported by the quantitative analysis. The theory contributions of the study are applying SNS behavior including participating and browsing, social capital theory including bonding and bridging to predict SNS users to adopt SCI (giving and receiving). Seldom researches SNS behavior and social capital theory to explain social commerce individually. With regard to managerial implications are for SNS operators to think how to utilize SNS to increase users stickiness and raise users’ browsing quantities - following the users’ accumulated browsing behaivors history to predict and provide the contents which users may have interest. Moreover, regarding the interacting behavior for SNS users of participating behavior is to analyze the behaviors of SNS users and to recommend uers to join the fan pages or clubs that they may be interested in. Doing so is to increase the interactions with close friends and ordinary friends to enhance online bonding and bridging social capital and the users’ intentions to adopt SCI simotenously. In addition, the study recommends SNS operators to adopt friends introducing functions thoroughly and apply big data statistical analysis to enlarge the users’ friends rang to make more SNS friends. For the SNS offline friends, the study wish to let SNS users’ offline friends to become their online bonding or bridging social capital. For the SNS online unknown friends, the study wish to let SNS users’ online unkown friends to become their online bridging social capital because they may join the same fan pages or clubs to enlarge and accelerate SNS users to adopt SCI.

This study set-out to examine how university-industry linkage (UIL) is managed in government universities of Ethiopia to contribute to the economic development of the country. Basic questions related to the level of management of UIL, areas of linkage, benefits obtained so far from this partnership, challenges to the proper management of UIL, and the existing opportunities for promoting UIL were raised. In addition to this, strategies for strengthening UIL were also dealt with. In relation to this, the study was framed with the system theory viewpoints and human capital theory viewing universities as a system linked to its external environment like industries. As a model, interactive/balanced type of Triple Helix model was used as it integrates the activities of the government, universities and the industries. Moreover, this study reviewed global perspectives on UIL and an overview of the study context with greater emphasis on higher education reforms and proclamations. Philosophically, this study followed pragmatism research paradigm using mixed research approach. It also employed concurrent/parallel/convergent design in which both quantitative and qualitative data were collected simultaneously, interpreted separately and combined at the time of discussion for better understanding of the problem. Equal importance for both data sets was given. Data were gathered from 99 college deans and department heads, 200 instructors and 316 prospective graduates. In addition to this, 23 interviewees from UILOs, industries, MoE, and MoST took part in this study. Moreover, two focus group discussions were also conducted with the university alumni and data were gathered through survey questionnaires, semi-structured interview, FGD question guides and document reviews. The study result indicated that both quantitative and qualitative data support one another. It was found out that UIL was at its infant stage of development in government universities of Ethiopia with limited areas, dominated by students’ internship. Ethiopian government universities have a link with the industries in areas of some limited joint research projects, consultancies and capacity building. Consequently, universities benefitted by attaching their students with the industries and students got practical exposure to the real world of work. Industries also benefitted from the training provided to them, consultancies and joint research projects. On the other hand, UIL in government universities of Ethiopia was challenged by institutional bottlenecks, policy-practice gaps, contextual variation and information gaps, finance and awareness related caveats, work overload, and facility related hurdles. Moreover, lack of trust and commitment between U & I, lack of commitment and support from the leadership of both universities and industries, and the reluctance of the local industries to work with the universities remained a big rift to UIL. This study also sheds light on the expansion of universities and industries in different parts of the country as the opportunities to be tapped to promote UIL. Further, the attention of the government by designing different policies, strategies, directives and conferences was taken as the opportunity. As a major contribution, this study came up with the model that was designed to improve the practice of management of UIL in government universities of Ethiopia. To overcome the above challenges and to make use of existing opportunities, it was recommended that improving leadership and management related challenges through joint planning, organising, staffing and decision-making. Moreover, it was highly laudable to make a paradigm shift in the roles of universities from teaching dominated to research and innovation universities. Finally, bridging policy-practice gaps, increase networking, arranging various sensitising and advertising programmes and creating a further avenue for more research were commented. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)

Abstract The rapid development of digital technology and software in recent years has created great variety of totally new business opportunities. Software startups are commonly considered to be the fastest in exploiting the new opportunities and the most innovative in creating new products and services. At the same time, software startups are often small, immature enterprises with limited resources and inexperienced teams. The initial team plays a key role in the early stages of a software startup. This research focuses on the initial team from the perspective of human capital – the knowledge, experiences, skills, and other cognitive abilities. It studies the initial team empirically, utilizing the multi-case study and triangulation methods applying the human capital, resource-based view, capability, and the opportunity discovery and creation theories. The empirical data were gathered from thirteen software startups in Italy, Norway and Finland, and from a student experiment. From the analysis of this data, a generic structure of a software startup’s initial team was identified, consisting of three different roles, with each having a specific human capital profile. This team structure sought a balance between the team’s human capital and problems and challenges to be solved. The level of the initial human capital of the team and the means to strengthen it varied, and affected the progress of the work in the studied startups. Though the components of the team’s human capital were not rare and inimitable in terms of the resource-based view, building a balanced startup team created a unique and task-specific setup, which is a key capability of a software startup. The balanced startup team structure is proposed to be the generic human capital model of a software startup’s initial team. / Tiivistelmä Digitaalitekniikan ja ohjelmistojen nopea kehitys viime vuosina on synnyttänyt suuren joukon kokonaan uusia liiketoimintamahdollisuuksia. Ohjelmistostartup-yrityksiä pidetään yleisesti nopeimpina hyödyntämään uusia mahdollisuuksia ja erityisen innovatiivisina luomaan uusia tuotteita ja palveluita. Kuitenkin samalla, ohjelmistostartup-yritykset ovat usein pieniä, kehityksensä alussa olevia yrityksiä, joilla on pienet resurssit ja kokematon henkilökunta. Varhaisen vaiheen ohjelmistostartup-yrityksissä alkutiimin merkitys on keskeinen. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan alkutiimiä inhimillisen pääoman, osaamisen, kokemuksen ja taitojen, näkökulmasta. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan alkutiimiä kokeellisesti, käyttäen monitapaustutkimuksen ja triangulaation menetelmiä ja soveltaen inhimillisen pääoman, resurssipohjaisen näkemyksen, kyvykkyyden ja liiketoimintamahdollisuuksien hyödyntämisen teorioita. Kokeellinen tutkimusaineisto on kerätty kolmestatoista yrityksestä Italiasta, Norjasta ja Suomesta ja yhdestä opiskelijoilla tehdystä kokeellisesta tutkimuksesta. Tutkimuksessa löydettiin alkutiimin yleinen malli. Mallissa on kolme roolia, kullakin oma inhimillisen pääoman profiili. Mallissa on tiimin inhimillisen pääoman ja ratkaistavien ongelmien tasapaino. Tiimien inhimillisen pääoman määrä ja sen kehitystavat vaihtelivat, ja vaikuttivat tutkittavien yritysten edistymiseen. Vaikka alkutiimien inhimillisen pääoman komponentit eivät olleet ainutkertaisia resurssipohjaisen näkemyksen kannalta, tasapainossa olevan alkutiimin rakentaminen synnytti ainutkertaisen, tehtävänmukaisen tiimirakenteen, jota voidaan pitää yrityksen keskeisenä kyvykkyytenä. Havaittu tiimirakenne esitetään yrityksen alkutiimin inhimillisen pääoman yleiseksi malliksi.

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Good governance occupies a centre stage in the development discourse. Since there are currently no guidelines on the practice of good governance for ECD centres, this qualitative study followed the exploratory research approach and employed the case study research design to gain insight into how ECD centres in Mabopane practiced good governance concerning the roles played by parents in decision-making and accountability. The study used the Social Capital and Stakeholder theoretical frameworks to contextualise the investigation and employed eclectic methodological approaches involving triangulated sampling techniques, data collection methods and tools as well as data sources to generate data. The data were analysed using thematic content analysis and it was found amongst others that there were weaknesses in the governance practices within the ECD centres regarding parents’ roles in decision-making and accountability. The study recommended, amongst others, for concerted efforts involving all stakeholders to address those flaws. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

Literaturpreise sind ein Phänomen des 20. Jahrhunderts. Ihre Zahl ist im deutschsprachigen Raum in den letzten Jahrzehnten deutlich gestiegen. Die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit über mehrere Jahre erfolgte Forschung hat gezeigt, dass für ein umfassendes Verständnis dieser Art Preise zwingend weitere Akteure in den Blick zu nehmen sind. Neben den Vertretern Preise vergebender Organisationen, den Autoren und Geldgebern sind das die Juroren, die Repräsentanten der Verlage einschließlich weiterer Literatur vermarktender Unternehmen sowie die ›reinen‹ Leser. In der Dissertation werden literarische Auszeichnungen zunächst innerhalb der literaturwissenschaftlichen Forschung verortet. Dafür werden sie aus drei verschiedenen Blickwinkeln vorgestellt: einem historischen, einem kontextuellen und einem begrifflichen. Anschließend wird die bisherige Forschung zu Literaturpreisen vorgestellt und das Potential des bisher einzigen Modells deutschsprachiger Literaturpreise gewürdigt. Der neue Ansatz besteht aus drei Komponenten: erstens einer theoretischen Modellierung der genannten sechs Arten von Akteuren. Diese werden als über bestimmte Möglichkeiten verfügende ›Konkurrenten‹ betrachtet, die sich um für sie spezifische ›Konkurrenzobjekte‹ bemühen. Die zweite Komponente ist die diachrone und asynchrone Beschreibung literarischer Auszeichnungen. So können mehrere, zeitlich einander folgende Verleihungen einer Auszeichnung genauso wie gleichzeitig stattfindende Vergaben verschiedener Preise sowie die dabei erfolgenden Handlungen der einzelnen Akteure theoriegeleitet zueinander in Beziehung gesetzt und analysiert werden. Die dritte Komponente ist Bourdieus ›literarisches Feld‹. Es wird als für diese Akteure zentraler Bereich vorausgesetzt. Die Vorzüge der diachronen Betrachtung werden unter anderem mit zwei für die Geschichte des Bremer Literaturpreises wichtigen Konflikten der Jahre 1959/60 und 1979/80 belegt. Auch der Streit um die Verwendung des Namens ›Thomas Mann‹ für zwei verschiedene literarische Auszeichnungen in den Jahren 2008 und 2009 zeigt deutlich: Das für Literaturpreise relevante Geschehen spielt sich keineswegs nur jeweils zwischen den Vertretern einer einen Preis vergebenden Organisation und einem oder mehreren Autoren ab. Darum müssen auch Konflikte zwischen den Mitgliedern mehrerer Preise vergebender Organisationen theoretisch modellierbar sein. Weiter werden mit dem Modell Erklärungen dafür angeboten, warum nicht immer alle Auszeichnungen die von den Gründern gewünschten Wirkungen erzielen. Schließlich gilt der Finanzierbarkeit von Literaturpreisen ein besonderes Augenmerk. Bei der Forschung für die vorliegende Arbeit wurden fast ausschließlich Quellen zu Preise verleihenden Organisationen benutzt. Nach deren systematischer Auswertung ist klar geworden, welche Objekte und Mittel für die Vertreter der einzelnen Konkurrentengruppen überhaupt in Frage kommen. Die Kenntnisse über die verschiedenen Arten Konkurrenten sind möglicherweise noch deutlich erweiterbar, wenn darüber hinausreichende Quellen zu Autoren, Juroren und Verlagsrepräsentanten sowie die anderer Literatur vermarktender Unternehmen hinzu gezogen würden. Dafür werden am Ende der Arbeit Vorschläge unterbreitet.