Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-08-29T11:54:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011- Kelly Cristina da Silva.pdf: 7307607 bytes, checksum: 8d84ec46e5af2c80b3625d586980819b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T11:54:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011- Kelly Cristina da Silva.pdf: 7307607 bytes, checksum: 8d84ec46e5af2c80b3625d586980819b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The Atlantic Forest is one of the world's biodiversity hotspots because of the diversity and high degrees of endemism and threat. Melastomataceae is a plant family typical of this biome, and it is represented by more than 500 species that occur from restingas (sandy coastal plain habitats) to the upper montane forests and high-altitude grasslands. Despite this broad representation, there are few taxonomic studies of this family for this biome, and especially of the flora of Rio de Janeiro state. The present study aims to survey the Melastomataceae at Marambaia, an island included in the Atlantic Forest biome, as well as taxonomic and floristic similarity studies. It has significant ecological importance as a natural refuge for several plant species of the Tropical Moist Forest and for the preservation of genetic heritage. The vegetation types are Submontane Tropical Moist Forest and restinga, and the Melastomataceae is represented by seven genera and 25 species, of which 13 (52%) represent new records for the area. Miconia is the largest genus with 10 species, followed by Tibouchina (6 spp.), Leandra (4 spp.), Clidemia (2spp.) and Huberia, Marcetia and Ossaea (1 sp. each). Descriptions, illustrations, and a key to identify the taxa are provided. Morphological characteristics of leaves, inflorescences, buds, petals, hypanthium, stamens, indumentum, fruits, and seeds are diagnostic to distinguish the taxa. Comments on morphological peculiarities of species and geographical, phenological, and conservation status data are also presented. Three species are cited on the list of endangered species of Rio de Janeiro municipality. Among the vegetation formations, the Submontane Tropical Moist Forest has the highest species richness (23 species), while in restingas the richness is lower, with eight species in forest formations, five species in shrubby formations, and only two species in herbaceous formations. Similarity between the vegetation formations of Marambaia was low, ranging between 4.2% and 40%. Despite the strong relationship between these formations and their physical proximity, the four areas at Marambaia have low species similarity. Key words: Atlantic / A Floresta Atl?ntica ? um dos hotspots mundiais de biodiversidade devido ? elevada diversidade e graus de endemismo e amea?a. Dentre as fam?lias vegetais t?picas desse bioma est? Melastomataceae, com mais de 500 esp?cies e que ocorrem desde as restingas at? as florestas altomontanas e campos de altitude. Apesar dessa numerosa representatividade, poucos s?o os estudos taxon?micos sobre esta fam?lia na flora fluminense. Desse modo, o presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar o levantamento flor?stico da fam?lia Melastomataceae na Marambaia, uma regi?o insular integrada no bioma Floresta Atl?ntica, bem como estudos taxon?micos e de similaridade flor?stica. Ela desempenha significativa import?ncia ecol?gica como um ref?gio natural para diversas esp?cies de plantas da Mata Pluvial e atua na preserva??o do patrim?nio gen?tico. Nessa regi?o insular, onde a cobertura vegetal ? de Floresta Ombr?fila Densa Submontana e Restinga, a representatividade da fam?lia Melastomataceae mostra-se expressiva, constitu?da de sete g?neros e 25 esp?cies, das quais 13 correspondem a novos registros para a ?rea. Miconia ? o g?nero mais numeroso, com 10 esp?cies, seguido por Tibouchina (6 spp.), Leandra (4 spp.), Clidemia ( 2spp.) e Huberia, Marcetia e Ossaea (1 sp. cada). S?o apresentadas descri??es, ilustra??es e chaves para identifica??o dos t?xons. Caracter?sticas morfol?gicas das folhas, infloresc?ncias, ?pice dos bot?es florais e p?talas, hipanto, estames, tipos de indumento, frutos e sementes mostram-se diagn?sticas para a identifica??o dos t?xons. Coment?rios sobre particularidades morfol?gicas das esp?cies e dados geogr?ficos, fenol?gicos e sobre o estado de conserva??o das esp?cies, tamb?m s?o apresentados. Tr?s esp?cies s?o citadas na lista das esp?cies amea?adas de extin??o para o munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro. Dentre as forma??es vegetais analisadas, a Floresta Ombr?fila Densa Submontana apresentou a maior riqueza de esp?cies (23 esp?cies), enquanto nas restingas a riqueza foi menor, com oito esp?cies nas Forma??es Florestais, cinco esp?cies nas Forma??es Arbustivas e apenas duas esp?cies nas Forma??es Herb?ceas. A similaridade entre as forma??es vegetais da Marambaia foi baixa, variando entre 4,2% e 40%. Apesar da elevada rela??o entre essas forma??es e suas proximidades f?sicas na Marambaia, as quatro ?reas guardam poucas semelhan?as na composi??o de esp?cies

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-27T17:19:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Ursula Brazil Rocha.pdf: 1722733 bytes, checksum: 768336c79a95bc3e4ae3515b2283d559 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T17:19:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Ursula Brazil Rocha.pdf: 1722733 bytes, checksum: 768336c79a95bc3e4ae3515b2283d559 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The epiphyte richness contributes significantly for the total biomass, species diversity and nutrient cycling in the Atlantic Forest. They grant structural complexity for the environment and contribute for the maintenance of various animal and plant species. Moreover, researches indicate that the epiphyte species are highly vulnerable to deforestation, being a biological indicator. The present study highlights the importance on identification and estimate of vascular epiphytes, species of extreme relevance for the evaluation on ecosystem functions and subsequent comprehension on the richness patterns with reference to environmental gradients. Epiphyte records from Araceae family in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, among five herbaria were raised and evaluated concerning its composition, altitudinal distribution patterns and also the state of knowledge of the family and its epiphytes throughout Rio de Janeiro. Fifty eight epiphyte species were listed for the state of Rio de Janeiro. Among the studied herbaria, the majority of the records of epiphyte individuals were found at RB (70,68%), followed by GUA (12,95%), RUSU (8,33%), R (5,21%) e HB (2,83%). However, the lack of information about the habit, life-form, and altitudinal occurrence reduces the perception of the real state of occurrence of these species. From 2849 epiphyte exsiccates of Araceae family, the biggest frequency (53,24%) occurs in the Metropolitan Region. The majority of the epiphytes (10,5%) was found between 0 and 200 m.s.l. and no record was found between 2001 and 2400 m.s.l., besides of having records to the family. / A riqueza de esp?cies de ep?fitas contribui significantemente para o total de biomassa, diversidade de esp?cies e ciclagem de nutrientes na Floresta Atl?ntica. Elas conferem complexidade estrutural ao ambiente e contribuem para a manuten??o de v?rias esp?cies vegetais e animais. Al?m disso, estudos indicam que as esp?cies ep?fitas s?o altamente vulner?veis ao desmatamento, constituindo um indicador biol?gico. O presente estudo ressalta a import?ncia da identifica??o e estimativa de ep?fitas vasculares, esp?cies altamente relevantes para a avalia??o das fun??es dos ecossistemas e para a posterior compreens?o do padr?o de riqueza de esp?cies em rela??o aos gradientes ambientais. S?o levantados os registros de esp?cies ep?fitas da fam?lia Araceae para o estado do Rio de Janeiro em v?rios herb?rios, avaliados a sua composi??o e padr?es de distribui??o em diferentes classes de altitude e indicado o estado do conhecimento da fam?lia e das formas ep?fitas em todo estado. Foram listadas 53 esp?cies ep?fitas para o estado do Rio de Janeiro. Dentre os herb?rios estudados, o maior n?mero de registros com a informa??o do h?bito epif?tico foi encontrado no RB (70,68%), seguido de GUA (12,95%), RUSU (8,33%), R (5,21%) e HB (2,83%). Por?m a falta de informa??es sobre o h?bito, forma de vida, altitude de ocorr?ncia reduz a percep??o da real distribui??o dessas esp?cies no estado. De 2849 exsicatas da fam?lia Araceae, apenas 672 (23,6%) est?o indicadas como ep?fitas. Entre as exsicatas de ep?fitas, a freq??ncia maior (53,24%) est? na Regi?o Metropolitana. A maioria das ep?fitas (10,5%) foi encontrada entre 0 e 200 m.s.m. e nenhum registro foi encontrado entre 2001 e 2400 m.s.m., apesar de haver registros para a fam?lia Araceae.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-25T13:39:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Carine Cristina Gon?alves Galv?o.pdf: 2315391 bytes, checksum: 154e1cdd3a9bb2de5fd18d636c4a6543 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-25T13:39:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Carine Cristina Gon?alves Galv?o.pdf: 2315391 bytes, checksum: 154e1cdd3a9bb2de5fd18d636c4a6543 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do RJ - FAPERJ / Some animals have extremely complex relationships including the formation of matriarchal societies, alliances and communities, specific long-term relationships, and formation of flexible groups, such as dolphins. Ilha Grande Bay, along with Sepetiba Bay, have the largest population of Sotalia guianensis throughout its distribution, with about 1311 individuals in the first one, and 1043 individuals in the second, where it has been registered groups with up to 450 individuals. This study aimed to analyze the social organization of the mothers of S. guianensis from Ilha Grande Bay. The mothers were considered those dolphins observed at least five times in high proximity of a calf; all its associates were also classified as females and included in the analysis. The analysis of these mothers? social structure was carried out in SOCPROG? software (2.5 version) using a Half Weight Index (HWI). It was performed an analysis of the community division by modularity which indicated that individuals do not form independent clusters. A Monte Carlo permutation test was done and showed the presence of preferred associations among some dyads. Finally, a temporal analysis was performed with the use of mathematical models fitted to the Lagged Association Rate to try to explain how associations behave over time. The social structure of the 25 mothers identified in Ilha Grande Bay seems to be poorly differentiated, forming a large social network with weak associations between dyads, and following a fission-fusion dynamics. There was no statistical difference in the associations between and within classes (mothers X females). This work is a contribution to the understanding of the species? social dynamics, which are still poorly known, and highlights the need for more research in the area. / Alguns animais possuem rela??es extremamente complexas, incluindo forma??o de sociedades matriarcais, alian?as e comunidades, relacionamentos espec?ficos de longa dura??o, e forma??o de grupos flex?veis, como ? o caso dos golfinhos. A Ba?a da Ilha Grande, juntamente com a Ba?a de Sepetiba, possui a maior popula??o de Sotalia guianensis em toda a sua distribui??o, com estimativa de 1311 indiv?duos na primeira, e 1043 indiv?duos na segunda, onde j? foram registrados grupos com at? 450 indiv?duos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a organiza??o social das m?es de S. guianensis da Ba?a da Ilha Grande. Foram consideradas m?es aqueles golfinhos vistos no m?nimo cinco vezes em forte proximidade de um filhote, e todos os seus associados foram classificados como f?meas e inclu?dos nas an?lises. A an?lise da estrutura social destas m?es foi feito no programa SOCPROG? (vers?o 2.5) atrav?s do ?ndice Half Weight (HWI). Foi feita uma an?lise de divis?o de comunidades por modularidade que indicou que os indiv?duos n?o formam agrega??es independentes. Um teste de permuta??o de Monte Carlo foi realizado e mostrou a presen?a de associa??es preferidas entre algumas duplas. Por fim, uma an?lise temporal foi realizada com a utiliza??o de modelos matem?ticos ajustados ? Lagged Association Rate para tentar explicar como as associa??es se comportam no decorrer do tempo. A estrutura social das 25 m?es identificadas de S. guianensis na Ba?a da Ilha Grande se mostrou pouco diferenciada, formando uma grande rede com fracas associa??es entre duplas, seguindo uma din?mica de fiss?o-fus?o. N?o houve diferen?a estat?stica nas associa??es entre e dentro das classes (m?es X f?meas). Este trabalho ? uma contribui??o para o entendimento das din?micas sociais da esp?cie, que ainda s?o pouco conhecidas, e ressalta a necessidade de mais pesquisas na ?rea.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-01-23T10:52:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Luziane Montezoli Damon Mendes.pdf: 10632014 bytes, checksum: c93d6f0447b91ec5177b962e2f091bd9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-23T10:52:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Luziane Montezoli Damon Mendes.pdf: 10632014 bytes, checksum: c93d6f0447b91ec5177b962e2f091bd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-07 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPQ / Species of the genus Uca Leach 1814, have wide distribution in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the world, especially as a species excavators substrate, activity is important the processes of energy transfer and nutrient cycling, and is considered a keystone species in the ecosystem. This study was conducted with the aim of investigate the ecology distribution, population biology and somatic growth and natural mortality of the genus Uca in Itacuru??/Coroa Grande mangrove, Sepetiba Bay- RJ. Sampling was conducted in the right bank of the Draga river and Itingussu river during May/2010 to April/2011. The samplings were made monthly by two collectors during 10 minutes in low tide, digging sediment and removing crabs. Sediment samples were collected in 72 subareas of 5x5m, to determine the granulometry, organic matter, calcium, phosphor and metal zinco e manganese. They were studied seven species of the genus Uca: Uca cumulanta, Uca leptodactylus, Uca rapax, Uca thayeri, Uca uruguayensis, Uca mordax and Uca vocator. Uca cumulanta was the more abundant species and Uca vocator the rarer.The results indicated that distribution of the species was influenced by abiotic factors, being the main limiting factors: salinity, sediment grain size, organic matter, concentrations of phosphor and metals, zinc and manganese. Only air temperature presented correlatin with the abundance of the ovigerous females. During the study period was collected a total of 4234 crabs, with 2570 males and 1664 females (61 ovigerous females). The results of the mean size revealed the occurrence of significant differences between the sexes, with a predominance of larger males, for the most populations. Only the females of U. cumulanta presented larger mean size compared to males, and U. thayeri no difference between the sexes. The results of the growth dynamics revealed that a longevity for the study populations ranged from 3.27 to 4.22 years. U. thayeri was the species with the lowest difference in relation to longevity between the sexes, with 3.43 years for males and 3.53 years for females, and U. leptodactylus showed higher amplitude, with 3.43 years for males and 4 07 years for females. The coefficients of natural mortality showed no marked inter and intraspecific differences according to species and sexes, although the values of natural mortality have been higher on males than females / As esp?cies do g?nero Uca possuem ampla distribui??o nas regi?es tropicais, subtropicais e temperadas do mundo, destacando-se como esp?cies escavadoras do substrato, atividade importante para os processos de transfer?ncia de energia e ciclagem de nutrientes e ? considerada uma esp?cie-chave do ecossistema. Este trabalho foi realizado com objetivo de analisar a biologia populacional, distribui??o ecol?gica, crescimento som?tico e mortalidade natural das esp?cies do g?nero Uca no manguezal de Itacuru?a/Coroa Grande, Ba?a de Sepetiba ? RJ. A amostragem foi realizada ? margem direita do rio da Draga e do Rio Itingussu, em tr?s grades (0, 100 e 200 m), durante o per?odo de maio/2010 a abril/2011, mensalmente, durante a mar? baixa, por 10 minutos, atrav?s de coletas manuais escavando o sedimento e removendo os caranguejos. Amostras do sedimento foram coletadas nas 72 sub?reas de 5x5m, para determinar o tamanho das part?culas, mat?ria org?nica, teor de c?lcio, f?sforo e os metais, ferro, zinco e mangan?s. Foram capturadas sete esp?cies do g?nero Uca: Uca cumulanta, Uca leptodactylus, Uca rapax, Uca thayeri, Uca uruguayensis, Uca mordax e Uca vocator. A esp?cie mais abundante foi U. leptodactylus e U. vocator a mais rara.. As principais vari?veis limitantes da abund?ncia das esp?cies do g?nero Uca no manguezal de Itacuru??/Coroa Grande, foram a salinidade, tamanho dos gr?os do sedimento, teor de mat?ria org?nica, concentra??o de f?sforo e dos metais ferro, zinco e mangan?s. Para as f?meas ov?geras a vari?vel temperatura do ar foi a ?nica, que apresentou correla??o com a abund?ncia desses organismos. Durante o per?odo de estudo foi analisado um total de 4234 caranguejos, sendo 2570 machos e 1664 f?meas (61 f?meas ov?geras). A an?lise dos resultados do tamanho m?dio revelou a ocorr?ncia de diferen?as significativas entre os sexos, com predomin?ncia de machos maiores, para maioria das popula??es. Somente as f?meas de U. cumulanta apresentaram maior tamanho m?dio quando comparadas aos machos, j? U. thayeri n?o apresentou diferen?a significativa entre os sexos. Os resultados da din?mica de crescimento, revelaram que a longevidade para as popula??es em estudo, variou de 3,27 a 4,22 anos. U. thayeri foi a esp?cie que apresentou menor diferen?a em rela??o ? longevidade entre os sexos, com 3,43 anos para machos e 3,53 anos para f?meas, j? U. leptodactylus apresentou maior amplitude, com 3,43 anos para machos e 4,07 anos para f?meas. Os coeficientes de mortalidade natural n?o evidenciaram diferen?as inter e intraespecificas acentuadas de acordo com a esp?cie e o sexo, embora os valores de mortalidade natural tenham sido um pouco mais elevados sobre os machos, do que sobre as f?meas. Palavras-chave: Ba?a de Sepetiba, chama-mar?s, longevidade, padr?o de distribui??o, mortalidade.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-01-24T15:47:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - L?via da Rocha Natalino Monteiro.pdf: 1451629 bytes, checksum: c984d90970fa9192a11dedd19eb857df (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-24T15:47:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - L?via da Rocha Natalino Monteiro.pdf: 1451629 bytes, checksum: c984d90970fa9192a11dedd19eb857df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-17 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do RJ - FAPERJ / The constant regulation of sodium and water balance is essential for the maintenance of life. From the simplest to the most complex organisms, conservation of such elements at appropriate levels is a vital issue for the homeostasis of the individual. In order to maintain this balance, organisms resort a set of neurohumoral mechanisms that constantly regulate the content of bodily water and sodium. In recent decades, studies of neural mechanisms involved in the regulation of sodium appetite have gained ground since the excessive intake of sodium chloride has been directly related to functional changes which can lead to diseases such as hypertension. Besides the high daily consumption of sodium chloride by occidental societies, there is also a growing number cases of hypertension, particularly the so-called ?salt-sensitive?. Therefore, it is necessary that the mechanisms involved in these changes are intensively studied in scientific models. Thus, through the use of an animal model, we investigated the functional changes arising from the modification of sodium content in the diet of animals. Wistar male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: i) control (CTRL); ii) low-sodium diet (LSD); iii) furosemide (FURO); iv) saline overload (SO). From this division, we draw the hydroelectrolytic, cardiovascular and molecular profiles of these paradigms four days after the protocols beginning. We found that low-sodium diet and furosemide were able to induce a sustained sodium appetite 4 hours after reintroduction of fluids when compared to control group (LSD: 4.1 ? 0.8 and FURO: 8.5 ? 1.0 vs. CTRL 0.15 ? 0.08 mL/100g body weight, p<0.05, respectively). Besides we have confirmed the occurrence of hypernatremia in SO group (163.7 ? 1.6 vs. 143.2 ? 0.7 mEq/L, p<0.05) we surprisingly have found higher plasma sodium levels in LSD (148.7 ? 1.0 vs. 143.2 ? 0.7 mEq/L, p<0.05) when compared to control group. During the assessment of cardiac parameters, only the FURO group showed smaller mean arterial pressure than control after administration of phenylephrine at both 10 and 50 ?g/mL concentrations (Phe10: 142.6 ? 19.1 vs. 222.4 ? 14 bpm, p<0.05; Phe50: 261.0 ? 74.8 vs. 190.9 ? 19.6 mmHg, p<0.05, respectively), probably due to hypovolemia, a factor which could also explain the absence of hyponatremia in these animals. Concerning the molecular parameters within the PVN, SO group showed an increased mRNA expression of AVP (2.61 ? 0.16 vs. 1.04 ? 0.04 a.u., p<0.05) and OT (1.52 ? 0.12 vs. 1.01 ? 0.05 a.u., p<0.05), while in the LSD group, these parameters are reduced (AVP: 0.65 ? 0.07 vs. 1.04 ? 0.04 a.u., p<0.05; OT: 0.65 ? 0.06 vs. 1.01 ? 0.05 a.u., p<0.05), when compared to control group, respectively. Finally, we found increased levels of AT1 receptor mRNA in SO group (2.94 ? 0.26 vs. 1.14 ? 0.25 a.u, p<0.05) and FURO (3.08 ? 0.51 vs. 1.14 ? 0.25 a.u, p<0.05) compared to control, respectively. Thus, these results underscore the central role of neuroendocrine systems in the modulation of electrolyte and cardiovascular homeostasis / A regula??o constante do balan?o de ?gua e s?dio ? essencial para a manuten??o da vida. Desde os organismos mais simples at? os mais complexos, a conserva??o de tais elementos em n?veis adequados constitui ponto crucial para a homeostase do indiv?duo. Para tanto, os organismos lan?am m?o de uma s?rie de mecanismos neuro-humorais que regulam a todo momento o conte?do de ?gua e s?dio corporal. Nas ?ltimas d?cadas, estudos sobre mecanismos neurais envolvidos na regula??o do apetite ao s?dio t?m ganhado destaque, uma vez que o consumo exagerado de cloreto de s?dio est? diretamente relacionado a altera??es funcionais que podem gerar doen?as como a hipertens?o arterial. Al?m do alto consumo di?rio de s?dio pelas sociedades ocidentais, h? tamb?m um crescente n?mero de casos de hipertens?o arterial, particularmente do tipo denominado sal-sens?vel. Assim, ? necess?rio que os mecanismos envolvidos nessas altera??es sejam intensamente estudados em modelos cient?ficos. Desta forma, atrav?s do uso de modelo animal, investigamos neste trabalho as altera??es funcionais advindas da modifica??o do conte?do de s?dio presente na dieta dos animais. Para tanto, ratos Wistar machos foram randomicamente divididos em 4 grupos experimentais: i) controle (CTRL); ii) dieta pobre em s?dio (DP); iii) furosemida (FURO); iv) sobrecarga salina (SS). A partir desta divis?o, tra?amos os perfis hidroeletrol?tico, cardiovascular e molecular desses paradigmas de desafio ao balan?o hidroeletrol?tico. Verificamos que a dieta hiposs?dica e a furosemida foram capazes de induzir o apetite ao s?dio de forma sustentada at? 4 horas ap?s reapresenta??o de fluidos (DP 4,1 ? 0,8 de peso corporal; FURO 8,5 ? 1,0 vs. CTRL 0,15 ? 0,08 mL/100g; p<0,05). Confirmamos a ocorr?ncia de hipernatremia a partir da sobrecarga salina (SS 163,7 ? 1,6 vs. CTRL 143,2 ? 0,7 mEq/L; p<0,05) e, surpreendentemente, encontramos n?veis natr?micos maiores que o controle no grupo DP (DP 148,7 ? 1,8 vs. Ctrl 143,2 ? 0,7 mEq/L; p<0,05). Quanto ? avalia??o dos par?metros card?acos, somente o grupo furosemida apresentou PAM menor que o controle ap?s a administra??o de fenilefrina nas concentra??es de 10 e 50 ?g/mL ( Phe10 = Furo 142,6 ? 19,1 vs. Ctrl 222,4 ? 14,2 ; Phe50 = Furo 261,0 ? 74,8 vs. Ctrl 190,9 ? 19,6 mmHg; p<0,05), provavelmente devido ? hipovolemia nestes animais. Verificamos ainda que no grupo submetido ? sobrecarga salina ocorre aumento da express?o de mRNA para AVP (SS 2,61 ? 0,16 vs. CTRL 1,04 ? 0,04 a.u - unidades arbitr?rias; p<0,05) e OT (SS 1,52 ? 0,12 vs. CTRL 1,01 ? 0,05 a.u; p<0,05), enquanto que no grupo dieta pobre estes par?metros s?o reduzidos (AVP - DP 0,65 ? 0,07vs. CTRL 1,04 ? 0,04; OT - DP 0,65 ? 0,06vs. CTRL 1,01 ? 0,05 a.u; p<0,05). Por fim, encontramos n?veis aumentados de mRNA do receptor AT1 nos grupos sobrecarga salina (SS 2,94 ? 0,26 vs. CTRL 1,14 ? 0,25 a.u; p<0,05) e furosemida (Furo 3,08 ? 0,51 vs. CTRL 1,14 ? 0,25 a.u; p<0,05). Deste modo, estes resultados refor?am o importante papel dos sistemas neuroend?crinos centrais na modula??o da homeostase hidroeletrol?tica e cardiovascular

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-01-26T12:52:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - William Douglas de Carvalho.pdf: 2195014 bytes, checksum: b6deab05010b9d498b671e9f59a39141 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T12:52:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - William Douglas de Carvalho.pdf: 2195014 bytes, checksum: b6deab05010b9d498b671e9f59a39141 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-09 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Many world hotspots for conservation are located in mountains, which are considered priority areas for preservation of plants and vertebrates species. Species that occur in these locations have functional traits that favor the colonization of forests in high areas. Furthermore, we know little about the biology of these species along elevational gradients, for example, reproductive rate. Thus, the objectives of this thesis were divided into two sections, namely: (1) verify how the species and the different Phyllostomidae guilds vary in richness along an altitudinal gradient and identify the functional traits that facilitate the colonization of forests in high areas, and (2) determine if the reproductive rate of fruit bats Phyllostomidae varies locally and if this variation can be explained by local responses to variations in the abundance of resources. For this, we compiled studies in the Atlantic Forest of southern and southeastern Brazil through database (Capes bank of thesis; Scielo; Web of Science), journals and the database of Laborat?rio de Diversidade de Morcegos (LADIM) of Instituto de Biologia of Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). After the selection of 35 different species of Phyllostomidae bats of 45 different locations, where the altitude varies between 60 and 2.450 m.a.s.l., 10 functional traits for each species were selected: trophic guild (GT), trophic level (NT), relative wing load (CRA), aspect ratio (AA), degree requirement forest habitat (GEHF), using natural cavities (UCN), southern latitudinal limit (LLS), body mass (MC), forearm size (TA) and body size (TC). The selected functional traits were related to an altitudinal index, calculated for each species, and those with greater correlation were chosen to be the best model to describe and determine the main functional traits that lead the species to colonize forests in high areas. Furthermore, we considered species with over 300 captures (Carollia perspicillata, Sturnira lilium e Artibeus spp.) to verify the effect of altitude on their reproductive rate. We found that there was a decline in the abundance and richness of Phyllostomidae species in high altitudes, with a decline in the abundance of fruit bats and increase of hematophagous species. The nectarivorous bats, gleaners and omnivore bats were not affected by altitude. The results also indicated that the forest habitat requirements degree was the main functional trait that leads the species to colonize forests in high areas, and the use of natural cavities and southern latitudinal limit could be relevant to colonize. All bat species had a higher reproductive rate in months of major rainfall (October to March). Sturnira lilium was the species that has the highest reproductive rate in high altitudes, which coincides with the area where there is a greater wealth and abundance of Solanum sp. Artibeus sp. had a higher reproductive rate in medium and low altitudes, where there is a greater richness of Ficus species and Carollia perspicillata showed no altitudinal preference for reproduction. At the areas with larger bat abundance, more reproducing females were observed, as these sites appear to have a higher amount of resources. The conservation of the whole altitudinal gradient with the possible implementation of conservation units is necessary, because bat species occur in greater abundance at different altitudes and reproduce at different altitudes. / Em ?reas montanhosas localizam-se muitos hotspots mundiais para conserva??o, sendo que esses locais s?o considerados ?reas priorit?rias para preserva??o de esp?cies de plantas e vertebrados. Esp?cies que ocorrem nesses locais possuem tra?os funcionais que propiciam a coloniza??o de florestas em ?reas elevadas. Al?m disso, pouco ? conhecido sobre a biologia dessas esp?cies em gradientes altitudinais, como por exemplo sua taxa reprodutiva. Sendo assim, os objetivos da presente tese foram divididos em dois cap?tulos, sendo eles: (1) verificar como as esp?cies e as diferentes guildas de Phyllostomidae variam ao longo de um gradiente altitudinal e identificar que tra?os funcionais facilitam a coloniza??o de florestas em ?reas elevadas e (2) determinar se a taxa reprodutiva de morcegos Phyllostomidae frug?voros varia localmente e se esta varia??o pode ser explicada pelas respostas locais ? varia??o na abund?ncia de recursos. Para isto, compilamos estudos realizados na Floresta Atl?ntica do sul e sudeste do Brasil atrav?s de banco de dados (banco de teses da CAPES; Scielo; Web of Science), revistas especializadas, e do banco de dados do Laborat?rio de Diversidade de Morcegos (LADIM) do Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Ap?s a sele??o de 35 diferentes esp?cies de morcegos Phyllostomidae de 45 diferentes localidades, onde a altitude variou entre 60 e 2.450 m de altitude, selecionamos 10 tra?os funcionais para cada esp?cie: guilda tr?fica (GT), n?vel tr?fico (NT), carga relativa da asa (CRA), aspecto da asa (AA), grau de exig?ncia de habitat florestal (GEHF), utiliza??o de cavidades naturais (UCN), limite latitudinal sul (LLS), massa corporal (MC), tamanho do antebra?o (TA) e tamanho corporal (TC). Os tra?os funcionais selecionados foram relacionados com um ?ndice altitudinal, representando a altitude em que a esp?cie ? mais abundante, e aqueles tra?os funcionais que apresentaram maior correla??o foram submetidos a escolha de melhor modelo para descrever quais foram os principais tra?os funcionais que levam as esp?cies a colonizarem florestas em ?reas elevadas. Al?m disso, consideramos as esp?cies com mais de 300 capturas (Carollia perspicillata, Sturnira lilium e Artibeus spp.) para verificar o efeito da altitude sobre sua taxa reprodutiva, relacionando a propor??o de animais em reprodu??o com a altitude. Encontramos uma queda na abund?ncia e riqueza de esp?cies de Phyllostomidae em altitudes elevadas, com queda na abund?ncia de frug?voros e aumento de esp?cies de h?bitos hemat?fagos. As guildas de nectar?voros, catadores e on?voros n?o foram influenciadas pela altitude. Nossos resultados tamb?m indicaram que o grau de exig?ncia de habitat florestal foi o principal tra?o funcional que leva as esp?cies a colonizarem florestas em ?reas elevadas, sendo que a utiliza??o de cavidades naturais e o limite latitudinal sul tamb?m podem ser relevantes para a coloniza??o. Todas as esp?cies de morcegos apresentaram maior taxa reprodutiva nos meses em que historicamente ocorrem maiores precipita??es (de outubro a mar?o). Sturnira lilium foi a esp?cie que apresentou maior taxa reprodutiva em altitudes elevadas, sendo esta taxa coincidente com a ?rea onde h? maior riqueza e abund?ncia de Solanum sp. Artibeus sp. apresentou maior taxa reprodutiva em m?dias e baixas altitudes, locais onde h? maior riqueza de esp?cies de Ficus e Carollia perspicillata n?o apresentou prefer?ncia altitudinal para a reprodu??o. Naquelas localidades onde a abund?ncia de morcegos foi maior, mais f?meas estavam reproduzindo-se, sendo que estes locais parecem ter maiores quantidades de recursos. Mostra-se necess?rio a conserva??o de todo o gradiente altitudinal com a poss?vel implanta??o de unidades de conserva??o, pois determinadas esp?cies de morcegos ocorrem em maior abund?ncia em altitudes diferentes, al?m de se reproduzirem em altitudes diferentes

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-04-05T12:02:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Julia Lins Luz.pdf: 1276196 bytes, checksum: 90a4bf9cffa0df2d66d28e4e7c42b80b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-05T12:02:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Julia Lins Luz.pdf: 1276196 bytes, checksum: 90a4bf9cffa0df2d66d28e4e7c42b80b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Modification of the landscape for food production and other facilities for human consumption is the most common and severe threat to global biodiversity. The aims of this study were to analyze how banana plantations affect bats assemblages, to check whether the planting of bananas causes a decrease in the dispersion of seeds, to verify if the abundance of nutritional resources have some influence on bat abundance and richness in areas of banana plantation, to verify if bats move between plantations and forest fragments or if they show site fidelity to the areas. A total of 12 banana plantations in Rio de Janeiro State were sampled. Each month, from November 2008 to October 2010, two capture nights were conducted, being one night in a banana plantation area and another in an adjacent forest fragment. Bats were sampled with mist nets, totaling 142,560 m2.h of sampling effort. Bats were identified, marked, remained in cloth bags to obtain fecal samples, and released after it. The seeds obtained in fecal samples were counted and classified. The availability of food resources in banana plantation areas was estimated in five 100 m2 plots, where the number of banana trees, flowers and fruits was counted. A total of 2,369 captures and recaptures of bats of 27 species were recorded. In banana plantations 22 species were recorded (four of which were exclusive to such habitat), and in fragments 23 (with five exclusive). The capture frequency was higher in plantations than in fragments. Richness, diversity and evenness were similar between habitats. Artibeus lituratus, Carollia perspicillata, Glossophaga soricina and Phyllostomus hastatus were more abundant in the banana plantations. The abundance of frugivores, nectarivores and omnivores was higher in plantation areas while insectivores were more abundant in forest areas. The estimated richness for each environment suggests that forest fragments are richer than the banana plantations. A non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) indicated separation between banana plantations and forest fragments based on species abundance, using Braycurtis similarity. We analyzed 1,127 fecal samples from 20 species that had 33 morphotypes of seeds of 12 plant families. There was presence of banana pulp in fecal samples from 10 species. The richness and abundance of seeds dispersed in the two environments did not differ, however the abundance of seeds per fecal sample was lower in banana plantations. The abundance of Sturnira lilium was correlated negatively with the abundance of banana and fruits. The abundance of G. soricina, A. lituratus, nectarivorous and frugivorous bats showed positive relationship with the abundance of food resource. We obtained 102 recaptures of 99 individuals of 10 species. The most recaptured species were C. perspicillata, A. lituratus and P. hastatus. Twenty-eight individuals moved between environments, 68 remained in the same environment of the capture. In all analyzed cases, the proportion of individuals recaptured in the same location of capture was higher than the recapture proportion in different environments. These results reinforce the potential of bats as regenerators in habitats modified by humans, since banana plantations maintain a diverse assemblage. The ability of bats to disperse pioneer plants species and the use of different environments assure that nature services of forest regeneration are continued / A modifica??o da paisagem para a produ??o de alimentos e outras comodidades para consumo humano representa a mais severa e comum amea?a ? biodiversidade global. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar como o plantio de bananas afeta a comunidade de morcegos, analisar se o plantio de bananas diminui a dispers?o de sementes, verificar se a abund?ncia de recurso alimentar influencia a abund?ncia e a riqueza de morcegos em ?reas de planta??o de banana, verificar se os morcegos se deslocam entre ?reas de planta??es e fragmentos florestais e se mant?m fidelidade ? ?rea de captura. Foram selecionadas 12 ?reas de planta??o do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Mensalmente, entre novembro de 2008 e outubro de 2010, foram realizadas duas noites de coleta, sendo uma em ?rea de planta??o de banana e outra em um fragmento florestal adjacente. As coletas foram realizadas com redes de neblina, totalizando 142.560 m2.h de esfor?o amostral. Os morcegos foram identificados, permaneceram em sacos de pano para obten??o de amostras fecais, e soltos ap?s receberem marca??o. No laborat?rio, as sementes foram classificadas em morfotipos e contadas. A disponibilidade de recurso alimentar nas ?reas de planta??o de banana foi estimada atrav?s de cinco plots de 100 m2 , nos quais era contabilizado o n?mero de bananeiras, infrutesc?ncias e infloresc?ncias de banana. Um total de 2.369 capturas e recapturas de 27 esp?cies foi registrado. Nos bananais, foram capturadas 22 esp?cies, sendo quatro exclusivas; nos fragmentos, 23, sendo cinco exclusivas. A frequ?ncia de captura nos bananais foi maior do que nos fragmentos. A riqueza, a diversidade e a equitabilidade mostraram-se similares. As esp?cies significativamente mais abundantes nos bananais foram Artibeus lituratus, Carollia perspicillata, Glossophaga soricina e Phyllostomus hastatus. A abund?ncia de frug?voros, nectar?voros e on?voros foi maior em ?reas de plantio, enquanto a de inset?voros foi maior em ?reas de floresta. A riqueza estimada para cada ambiente sugere que os fragmentos florestais s?o mais ricos do que as ?reas de plantio. Uma an?lise de escalonamento multidimensional (NMDS) indicou separa??o entre os bananais e os fragmentos florestais baseado no n?mero de capturas por esp?cie, atrav?s da dist?ncia Bray-curtis. Foram analisadas 1.127 amostras fecais de 20 esp?cies, que apresentaram sementes de 33 morfotipos de 12 fam?lias de plantas. Foi poss?vel verificar a presen?a de polpa de banana em amostras fecais de 10 esp?cies. A riqueza e abund?ncia de sementes dispersadas nos dois ambientes n?o diferiram. No entanto, a abund?ncia de sementes por amostra fecal foi menor em ?reas de planta??o de banana. A abund?ncia de Sturnira lilium foi inversamente proporcional ? abund?ncia de bananeiras e infrutesc?ncias de banana. A abund?ncia de G. soricina, A. lituratus, morcegos nectar?voros e frug?voros foi diretamente proporcional ? abund?ncia de recurso alimentar. Foram obtidas 102 recapturas de 99 morcegos de 10 esp?cies. As esp?cies mais recapturadas foram C. perspicillata, A. lituratus e P. hastatus. Vinte e oito indiv?duos transitaram entre os ambientes, 68 permaneceram no mesmo ambiente da captura e tr?s foram recapturados duas vezes, uma em cada ambiente. Em todos os casos analisados, a propor??o de indiv?duos recapturados no mesmo local da captura foi maior do que a propor??o de indiv?duos recapturados em ambientes diferentes. Em ?reas de planta??o de banana, a ordem Chiroptera foi capaz de manter uma comunidade diversa, a capacidade de dispers?o de esp?cies pioneiras de plantas e a capacidade de deslocamento. Esses resultados refor?am o potencial dos morcegos como regeneradores de habitats modificados pelo homem.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-12T11:13:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Michele Rodrigues Francisco.pdf: 1285744 bytes, checksum: 598c2fe8a98038b9745debaf13625959 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T11:13:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Michele Rodrigues Francisco.pdf: 1285744 bytes, checksum: 598c2fe8a98038b9745debaf13625959 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Trichoderma spp. They are not pathogenic fungi and develop in substrates and diverse environmental conditions. Identification based only on morphological characteristics is considered complex, due to the genetic diversity of the species. Therefore, the taxonomy of the genus Trichoderma is performed with the aid of other analyzes such as biochemical and molecular changes. Some species are capable of producing high amounts of extracellular enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of polysaccharides are thus considered fungi with high potential in the production of hydrolytic enzymes. The aim of this study was to select and identify the species of the genus Trichoderma spp. And evaluate the production of industrial enzymes these isolates. They identified 58 isolates of Trichoderma spp fungi. soil and plants by morphological and molecular analysis and was also evaluated the enzymatic production capacity. Enzyme technology is a promising area in new technologies for synthesis of compounds with high added value, where biocatalisados industrial processes have a lower environmental impact, lower energy cost, because the enzymes are biodegradable substances and have specificity to minimize the undesirable effects. In this work, we used PDA culture medium for development of fungi. Morphological identification is achieved using the identification key according to Samuels et al. (2015) Molecular and held by DNA extraction from the mycelium of fungi in accordance with CTAB protocol. For enzyme analysis, qualitative assays were performed, used specific means of solid culture to evaluate the production of hydrolytic enzymes: Where the culture media containing as a substrate for development and enzyme production of Trichoderma spp. skimmed milk production peptidase; soluble starch for the production of amylase, cellulase production carboxymethylcellulose, citrus pectin for the production of pectinase and yeast extract, dextrose, ferrous sulfate, ammonium, magnesium, manganese and potassium chloride for the production of phytase. According to the results, the morphological analysis identified 4 species such as T. atroviride, T .asperelloide, T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, these species were verified by molecular analysis. In relation to the enzyme potential, the result was negative for the activity of peptidase enzymes, cellulase and pectinase and positive for amylase, and the activity of the enzyme phytase, only an isolated was positive, this was identified according to morphological analysis as It is the species T. longibrachiatum / Os Trichoderma spp. n?o s?o fungos patog?nicos e se desenvolvem em diversificados substratos e condi??es ambientais. Sua identifica??o baseada apenas em caracter?sticas morfol?gicas ? considerada complexa, por conta da diversidade gen?tica das esp?cies. Portanto, a taxonomia do g?nero Trichoderma ? realizada com o aux?lio de outras an?lises, tais como bioqu?micas e moleculares. Algumas esp?cies s?o capazes de produzir elevadas quantidades de enzimas extracelulares envolvidas na hidr?lise de polissacar?deos, sendo assim considerados fungos com alto potencial na produ??o de enzimas hidrol?ticas. O objetivo deste estudo foi selecionar e identificar as esp?cies do g?nero Trichoderma spp. e avaliar a produ??o de enzimas industriais destes isolados. Foram identificados 58 isolados de fungos Trichoderma spp. de solo e plantas por an?lise morfol?gica, molecular e tamb?m foi avaliado a capacidade de produ??o enzim?tica. A Tecnologia enzim?tica ? uma ?rea promissora dentro das novas tecnologias para s?ntese de compostos que possuem alto valor agregado, onde os processos industriais biocatalisados apresentam menor impacto ambiental, menor custo de energia, pois as enzimas s?o subst?ncias biodegrad?veis e possuem especificidade que minimizam os efeitos indesej?veis. Neste trabalho, foi utilizado meio de cultura BDA para desenvolvimento dos fungos. A identifica??o morfol?gica foi realizada com aux?lio da chave de identifica??o de acordo com Samuels et al. (2015) e molecular, realizada atrav?s da extra??o de DNA do mic?lio dos fungos, de acordo com protocolo CTAB. Para as an?lises enzim?ticas, foram realizados ensaios qualitativos, utilizado meio de cultura s?lido espec?fico para avaliar a produ??o de enzimas hidrol?ticas: Onde os meios de cultura continham como substrato para desenvolvimento e produ??o enzim?tica dos isolados de Trichoderma spp. leite desnatado para produ??o de peptidase; amido sol?vel para produ??o de amilase, carboximetilcelulose para produ??o de celulase, pectina c?trica para produ??o de pectinases e extrato de levedura, dextrose, sulfato ferroso, am?nio, magn?sio, mangan?s e cloreto pot?ssio para produ??o de fitase. De acordo com os resultados, a an?lise morfol?gica identificou 4 esp?cies, tais como: T. atroviride, T. asperelloide, T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, estas esp?cies foram confirmadas por an?lise molecular. J? com rela??o ao potencial enzim?tico, o resultado foi negativo para a atividade das enzimas peptidase, celulase e pectinase e positivo para amilase, e para a atividade da enzima fitase, somente um isolado apresentou resultado positivo, este foi identificado de acordo com an?lise morfol?gica como sendo da esp?cie T. longibrachiatum

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-19T13:49:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Claudia Bezerra da Silva.pdf: 8032175 bytes, checksum: ef71dd2a0e7801e9000e116c822a3a00 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-19T13:49:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Claudia Bezerra da Silva.pdf: 8032175 bytes, checksum: ef71dd2a0e7801e9000e116c822a3a00 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / and investigate the circulation of this agent in dogs in the Itaguai microregion, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and dogs and ticks in two provinces of the island of Cuba, analyzing epidemiological aspects associated with infections caused by this bacterium in dogs. A new real-time polymerase chain reaction method (qPCR) was patterned to target the citrate synthase gene (gltA) for the identification of A. platys in naturally infected dogs. The primers and probe were designed to amplify a fragment of 84 base pairs based on gltA gene sequences of A. platys available in GenBank. 186 blood samples of dogs from Itaguai microregion, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were tested by qPCR. The same samples were tested by cytology and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR, 16S rDNA) to determine the performance of qPCR front of these techniques. 17.20% of the samples tested positive by qPCR were significantly more than that detected by nPCR (13.98%). The qPCR technique was more specific than cytology, due to false-positive results obtained by optical microscopy. The prevalence of A. platys in dogs from Itaguai microregion was 14.4%. Dogs less than six months, infested by ticks, that spend the most of the time restrict to domestic environment and without shelter are factors associated with infection by this hemoparasite in dogs in the study area. During research, A. platys held in Cuba, 100 blood samples were collected from residents dogs in four cities located in the provinces of Havana and Mayabeque. When inspecting the animals, found ticks were collected, identified and carefully grouped, forming a total of 49 pools. DNA extracted from blood samples from dogs and ticks were subjected nPCR (16S rDNA). Positive samples in nPCR were also subjected to conventional PCR (gltA gene), and the products were sequenced. Only the species Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato was found in Cuban dogs and 10.2% (n=5/49) of these ticks added to 16.0% (n=16/100) dogs were considered positive for A. platys. All sequences analyzed of the gltA and 16S rDNA genes, respectively, showed a 99-100% identity with sequences from A. platys reported in other countries. Phylogenetic analysis showed two clusters defined for the 16S rDNA gene and three clusters defined for the gltA gene. Based on the gltA gene, the deduced amino acid sequence showed two points of non-synonymous mutations at positions 88 and 168 compared to the reference sequence DQ525687. A preliminary study on the epidemiological aspects associated with infection with A. platys showed no statistical association with the variables studied (p> 0.05). This study also to report the first evidence of A. platys in both dogs and ticks in Cuba also presents for the first time the development of a new qPCR method that contributes to the advancement of research involving A. platys. The epidemiological study in Brazil allowed us to identify significant factors in the occurrence of canine anaplasmosis, while in Cuba, it can be concluded that more research is needed to assess what the deciding factors in the transmission and spread of A. platys in that country. / platys, e investigar a circula??o deste agente em c?es na microrregi?o de Itagua?, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, e c?es e carrapatos em duas prov?ncias da ilha de Cuba, analisando aspectos epidemiol?gicos associados ? infec??o causada por esta bact?ria em c?es. Um novo m?todo de rea??o em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real (qPCR) foi padronizado com alvo no gene citrato sintase (gltA) para a identifica??o de A. platys em c?es naturalmente infectados. Os oligoiniciadores e a sonda foram desenhados para amplificar um fragmento de 84 pares de base baseado em sequ?ncias do gene gltA de A. platys dispon?veis no GenBank. 186 amostras de sangue de c?es da microrregi?o de Itagua?, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, foram testados pela qPCR. As mesmas amostras foram testadas pela citologia e rea??o em cadeia da polimerase nested (nPCR, 16S rDNA) para determinar o desempenho da qPCR frente ? essas t?cnicas. 17,20% das amostras testadas pela qPCR foram positivas, significativamente mais do que detectado pela nPCR (13,98%). A t?cnica de qPCR foi mais espec?fica que a citologia, em virtude dos resultados falsopositivos obtidos pela microscopia ?ptica. A preval?ncia de A. platys em c?es da microrregi?o de Itagua? foi de 14,4%. C?es com menos de seis meses, infestados por carrapatos, que possam maior tempo restrito ao ambiente dom?stico e sem abrigo s?o fatores associados a infec??o por este hemoparasito em c?es na regi?o do estudo. Durante investiga??o de A. platys realizada em Cuba, 100 amostras de sangue foram coletadas de c?es residentes em quatro cidades localizadas nas prov?ncias de Habana e Mayabeque. Ao inspecionar os animais, carrapatos encontrados foram coletados, identificados e criteriosamente agrupados, formando um total de 49 pools. Amostras de DNA extra?das do sangue dos c?es e de carrapatos foram submetidas a nPCR (16S rDNA). Amostras positivas na nPCR foram tamb?m submetidas a PCR convencional (gene gltA), e os produtos foram sequenciados. Somente a esp?cie Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato foi encontrada em c?es cubanos, e 10,2% (n=5/49) desses carrapatos somado aos 16,0% (n=16/100) de c?es foram considerados positivos para A. platys. Todas as sequ?ncias analisadas dos genes gltA e 16S rDNA, respectivamente, mostraram uma identidade de 99-100% com sequ?ncias de A. platys reportadas em outros pa?ses. A an?lise filogen?tica mostrou dois clusters definidos para o gene 16S rDNA e tr?s clusters definidos para o gene gltA. Com base no gene gltA, a sequ?ncia de amino?cidos deduzidos demonstrou dois pontos de muta??es n?o-sin?nimas nas posi??es 88 e 168 comparados com sequ?ncia de refer?ncia DQ525687. Um estudo preliminar sobre os aspectos epidemiol?gicos associados com a infec??o por A. platys demonstrou nenhuma associa??o estat?stica com as vari?veis avaliadas (p > 0,05). O presente estudo al?m de relatar a primeira evid?ncia de A. platys em ambos c?es e carrapatos em Cuba, tamb?m apresenta pela primeira vez o desenvolvimento de um novo m?todo de qPCR que contribui para o avan?o da pesquisa envolvendo A. platys. O estudo epidemiol?gico realizado no Brasil permitiu identificar fatores importantes na ocorr?ncia da anaplasmose canina, enquanto em Cuba, pode-se concluir que mais investiga??es s?o necess?rias para avaliar quais os fatores decisivos na transmiss?o e dispers?o de A. platys nesse pa?s.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-26T14:34:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Fernando de Azevedo da Cruz Seara.pdf: 1716878 bytes, checksum: 6a6ea74b23b441a8aafb15e937dea036 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-26T14:34:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Fernando de Azevedo da Cruz Seara.pdf: 1716878 bytes, checksum: 6a6ea74b23b441a8aafb15e937dea036 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / According to World Health Organization, ischemia heart diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Among therapeutic approaches, reperfusion is the most effective and indicated is reperfusion. Despite the better post-infarction prognostic, absolute improvement on cardiac function is hardly achieved due to ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Within this context, anabolic steroids (AS) administration, in adult Wistar rats, significantly increase IRI susceptibility. Moreover, chronic administration of AS, during adolescent phase, induces persistent cardiovascular dysfunctions along adulthood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of chronic administration of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone propionate, during adolescent phase, in the susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury, in adult Wistar rats. To perform it, 24 Wistar rats were allocated into two groups, AS (Testosterone propionate 5 mg kg-1, since 26? day postnatal, 5 days per week, during 5 weeks) and Control (Vehicle). In the 82? postnatal, rats were euthanized and hearts, livers, lungs, kidneys and testicles were collected. Isolated hearts were artificially perfused with modified Krebs-Henseleit solution, through Langendorff apparatus, and, then, submitted to ex vivo ischemia ? reperfusion protocol (20 minutes of stabilization, 30 minutes of global ischemia and 60 minutes of reperfusion). The left ventricle (LV) end diastolic- LVEDP), systolic- (LVSP) and developed pressures (LVDP), as well as first derivatives of pressure, maximum and minimum (dP/dt, maximum and minimum, respectively) were measured through an intraventricular latex balloon, connected to a pressure transducer. Through the electrocardiogram, susceptibility to arrhythmic episodes was analyzed. At the end of the protocol, area of infarct was delimited and gene expression of ? and ? myosin heavy chains and Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, as well as the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (Nox) enzymes, were calculated. In comparison to Control group, hearts from AS group presented: Hypertrophy, due to an increase in cardiac mass (33%, P<0,001) and index (37%, P<0,001); Significantly increase in the area of infarct (54,76%, P<0,05); Worst recovery of both LVEDP and LVDP, along reperfusion; Less recovery of maximum dP/dt, during reperfusion, despite the equivalent LVSP; Reduced basal minimum dP/dt and, subsequently, reduction in the recovery of the aforementioned parameter, regarding reperfusion period; Enhanced gene expression of MHC? (%), consistent with the loss of mechanical performance; Increased incidence of arrhythmic episodes in the reperfusion period (100%, P<0,01). No statistical difference could be seen in regard to the Nox activity. For the first time, we demonstrated that AS treatment during adolescent phase promotes cardiac hypertrophy and gene reprogramming, both persistent during adulthood, besides an increase susceptibility to IRI, through in the larger area of infarct and poor recovery of cardiac electrical and mechanical proprieties, in isolated hearts of adult Wistar rats / De acordo com a OMS, as doen?as isqu?micas do cora??o consistem na maior causa mortis global. Dentre as abordagens terap?uticas, a mais eficaz ? a reperfus?o. A despeito da melhora no progn?stico p?s-infarto, a recupera??o plena da fun??o card?aca dificilmente ? alcan?ada, devido a inj?ria de isquemia/reperfus?o (IIR). Neste contexto, a administra??o de EA em ratos Wistar adultos enaltece a susceptibilidade ? IIR. Ademais, a administra??o de EA em ratos Wistar, ao longo da adolesc?ncia, favorece o desenvolvimento de disfun??es cardiovasculares persistentes durante a fase adulta. Desta forma, objetivou-se, com o presente estudo, analisar os efeitos da sobrecarga cr?nica de propionato de testosterona, ao longo da fase adolescente, na susceptibilidade ? IIR, em ratos Wistar adultos. Para tanto, foram utilizados 24 ratos Wistar machos, divididos em dois grupos: EA (Propionato de testosterona 5 mg kg-1, a partir do 26? dia p?s-natal, 5 vezes por semana/ 5 semanas) e CTL (ve?culo). No 82? dia p?s-natal, os ratos foram submetidos ? eutan?sia para a coleta ?rg?os. Os cora??es isolados foram submetidos ? perfus?o artificial em aparato de Langendorff, e, assim, ao protocolo de isquemia/reperfus?o. As press?es diast?lica final (PDF), sist?lica (PS) e desenvolvida (PD), do ventr?culo esquerdo (VE), e as primeiras derivadas de press?o do VE, m?xima e m?nima (dP/dt m?xima e m?nima, respectivamente), foram mensuradas atrav?s de um bal?o de l?tex intraventricular, conectado a um transdutor de press?o. Atrav?s do eletrocardiograma, foi analisada a susceptibilidade aos epis?dios arr?tmicos. Ao final do protocolo, as ?reas de infarto foram demarcadas e a express?o g?nica das cadeias pesadas de miosina e gliceralde?do-3-fosfato desidrogenase, assim como a atividade enzimas da fam?lia de niconinam?da adenina dinucleot?deo fosfato oxidase (Nox), no ventr?culo esquerdo, foram avaliadas. Em rela??o ao grupo Controle, os cora??es dos animais tratados com EA apresentaram: Hipertrofia, atrav?s do aumento na massa (aumento de 33%, P<0,001) e do ?ndice card?aco (aumento de 37%, P<0,001); aumento significativo da ?rea de infarto (aumento de 54,76%, P<0,05); T?nue recupera??o da PDFVE, assim como da PDVE, durante a reperfus?o; Inferior recupera??o da dP/dt m?xima, ao longo da reperfus?o, a despeito da equivalente recupera??o na PSVE; Reduzida dP/dt m?nima basal e, subsequentemente, redu??o na recupera??o deste par?metro, ao longo da reperfus?o; Aumento significativo da express?o g?nica da MHC? (P<0,01), condizente o preju?zo no desempenho mec?nico; Maior incid?ncia de epis?dios arr?tmicos, ao longo da reperfus?o (aumento de 100%, P<0,01). N?o houve diferen?a em rela??o ?s atividades das Nox. Pela primeira vez, foi demonstrado que a administra??o de EA, ao longo da adolesc?ncia, provoca hipertrofia e reprograma??o g?nica card?aca, persistente durante a fase adulta, al?m de aumentar, significativamente, a susceptibilidade ? IIR, por meio do aumento na ?rea de infarto e piora na recupera??o das propriedades mec?nicas e el?tricas card?acas, em cora??es isolados de ratos Wistar adultos.