Uppsatsen tydliggör och beskriver innehållet i elva lokala överenskommelser (LÖK) mellan civilsamhället och offentlig sektor. Studien visar också hur relationen mellan parterna avspeglas i texterna. Uppsatsen visar också på hur olika idéer och synsätt i överenskommelserna kan få praktiska konsekvenser för civilsamhället.

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka vilken symbolisk bild som framhävs av det regionala civilsamhällets samtida roll som aktör på samhällsarenan, och undersöker detta ur ett institutionaliseringsperspektiv. I bakgrund av utvecklingarna med governance, kommersialisering i offentliga policyområden och nedmontering av välfärdsstater har det skapats utmaningar för civilsamhällets organisationer rörande utvecklingen av deras samhällsroll. I Sverige, där folkrörelser fungerat som röstbärare åt människor vars idéer hittade väg in i politiken samtidigt som välfärdsstaten hade en dominerande roll fram till 90- talet, har det skett stora förändringar för civilsamhällets förutsättningar under de senaste decennierna. I allt högre grad arbetar de konkratsbaserat med offentlig sektor för att bistå i välfärdsproduktion, och denna utveckling beskrivs av många teoretiker som "från röst till service". Ett samverkansavtal, Överenskommelsen, lanserades i Oktober 2008 med inspiration från Englands motsvarighet. Idén till avtalet kom från en paraplyorganisation för ideella organisationer med avsikt att tydliggöra de ideella organisationernas roll i en allt osäkrare samhällskontext, dock satte den dåvarande regeringen sin agenda på den och slutresultatet blev en avsiktsförklaring att välfärdsarenan ska inneha en större mångfald av ideella organisationer. Trots detta ägnar avtalet en stor del åt att beskriva visioner om att synliggöra den ideella sektorns röstgivande roll i samhället. Detta arbete grundar sig i Överenskommelsen, men fokuserar på de tre regionala varianterna från Örebro, Skåne och Västra Götaland, i bakgrund av samhällets samtida regionaliseringsprocesser. Dessa tre avtal analyseras för att se vilken symbolisk bild som framhävs och om det rör sig om en institutionalisering av den rollen som tidigare forskning menar håller på att utvecklas. Resultaten visar en symbolisk bild av en aktör med en särskild kraft och ett särskilt värde som bidrar med demokrati och sammanhållning. Dock skiljer sig beskrivningarna av organisationernas karaktär med vad avtalet vill att de ska ägna sig åt, det finns inga indikationer på att de demokratigivande aspekterna ska förstärkas, snarare ska de ta med sig deras särart, demokrati och frivillighet, för att bidra med en mångfald till den regionala välfärden. Denna bild befinner sig i ett semiinstitutionellt tillstånd eftersom en stor osäkerhet  och otydlighet är genomgående i avtalen, och eftersom det finns ett glapp i beskrivningarna av vad organisationerna är och vad de ska ägna sig åt. / This study aims at investigating what symbolic image that is emphasized by the contemporary civil society role as an actor in the societal arena, and examining this from an institutionalization perspective. In the light of developments in governance, commercialization in public policy areas and dismantling of welfare states, challenges have been created for civil society organizations regarding the development of their social role. In Sweden, where movements of people acted as voters for people whose ideas found their way into politics while the welfare state had a dominant role in the 90's, there has been major change in civil society conditions in recent decades. More and more, they work in a contractbased manner with the public sector to assist in welfare production, and this development is described by many theorists as "from voice to service". A cooperation agreement, Överenskommelsen (The agreement), was launched in October 2008 with inspiration from England's counterpart. The idea of the agreement came from an umbrella organization for nonprofit organizations with the intention of clarifying the role of non-profit organizations in an increasingly insecure societal context, however, the then government put its agenda on it and the final result was a declaration of intention that the welfare arena should hold a wider variety of non-profit organizations. Despite this, the agreement devotes a great deal to describing visions of making visible voice role of the nonprofit sector in society. This work is based on Överenskommelsen, but focuses on the three regional variants from Örebro, Skåne and Västra Götaland, in the light of society's contemporary regionalization processes. These three agreements are analyzed to see what symbolic picture is highlighted and if it is an institutionalization of the role that earlier research is considering developing. The results show a symbolic image of an actor with a special force and a special value that contributes to democracy and cohesion. However, the descriptions of the nature of the organizations differ with what the agreement would like them to do, there are no indications that the democratization aspects should be strengthened, rather, they should bring their distinctive character, democracy and voluntaryness, to contribute a diversity to regional welfare. This image is in a semi-institutional state because a lot of uncertainty and ambiguity are throughout the agreements, and because there is a gap in the descriptions of what the organizations are and what they are aimed to do.

Syfte med denna uppsats är att få en bättre förståelse för vilka dessa organisationer och sociala entreprenörer som använder idrott som medel er. Jag önskar också utifrån teori förstå varför dessa organisationer uppstått. Då dessa organisationer arbetar tvärsektoriellt är det också intressant att veta hur de upplever samarbetet med den offentliga, privata och ideella sektorn. Utifrån teori kommer jag försöka förklara varför de upplever samarbetet som de gör.De flesta av aktörerna jag har intervjuat är inte en del av den traditionella idrottsrörelsen, eller upplever sig inte som en del av den, men de använder idrott som medel för att lösa olika samhällsutmaningar. Ofta samhällsutmaningar som traditionellt har varit välfärdsstatens uppgift. De har olika organisationsformer, och få av dem har medlemmar i traditionell mening. Jag har gjort kvalitativa intervju med sju sociala entreprenörer som alla har startat upp organisationer som vill lösa sociala utmaningar genom att använda idrott som medel. Intervjuerna visade att det som är utmärkande för dessa organisationer, är att de alla har olika organisationsformer. De samarbetar med både offentliga, privata och den ideella sektorn. Flera av intervjupersonerna tyckte samarbetet med det offentliga fungerade bra nu, men att det i början hade varit svårt att komma i kontakt med rätt förvaltning och rätt person i kommunerna. Det var också väldigt personbaserat om samarbetet eller kontakten fungerade. Flera av intervjupersonerna upplever att det är svårt att få till ett samarbete med idrottsrörelsen, och de upplever att idrottsrörelsen är skeptisk till dem. Samtidigt upplever flera att både det offentligas och idrottsrörelsens inställning till dem har blivit bättre de senaste åren. Flera tyckte det var enklare att få till samarbete med näringslivet.För att besvara problemställningen och syftet så har jag i bakgrunden gett en beskrivning av den historiska utvecklingen i civilsamhället, idrottsrörelsen och den statliga styrningen. Som teoretisk referensram har jag använt teorier om Nyinstitutionell teori, översättningsmodellen, teorin om organisatoriska mellanrum och teorin om hybrida organisationer. / The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of who these organizations and these social entrepreneurs who use sports as a means are. By using theory I will try to explain why these organizations emerges. As these organizations work across sectors, is it also interesting to know how they experience the collaboration with the public, private and non-profit sectors. Based on theory, I will try to explain why they experience the collaboration as they do.Most of the social entrepreneurs I have interviewed are not part of the traditional sports movement, or do not feel part of it, but they use sports as a means of solving various societal challenges, which traditionally have been the task of the welfare state. They have different forms of organization, and few of them have members in the traditional sense.I have done qualitative interviews with seven social entrepreneurs who all have started organizations that want to solve social challenges by using sports as a means. The interviews showed that what is characteristic of these organizations is that they all have different forms of organization. They collaborate with both the public, private and non-profit sectors. Several of the interviewees thought that the collaboration with the public sector worked well now, but in the beginning they had run into problems as getting in touch with the right administration and the right person in the municipalities. It was very person-based if the collaboration or relationship worked. Several of the interviewees feel that it is difficult to get a collaboration with the sports movement, and they feel that the sports movement is sceptical to them. At the same time, many feel that both the public sector's and the sports movement's attitude towards them has improved in recent years. They thought it was easier to get cooperation with the privat sector, the business community.To answer the purpose and the problem in this study, I have given a description of the historical development in civil society, the sports movement and in the Swedish governance. As a theoretical frame of reference, I have used theories of New Institutional theory, theory of organizational spaces and theory of hybrid organizations.

Detta är en studie med syfte att öka kunskapen om vad som motiverar människor att arbeta i den ideellt avlönade kultursektorn. Uppsatsen fokuserar på ideella organisationer inom kulturområdet som bedrivs med stöd av statliga, kommunala och regionala bidrag och som har avlönad anställd personal. Studien utgår ifrån intervjupersonernas upplevelse av vad som motiverar dem i sin arbetssituation. Studiens empiri bygger på åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med personer som arbetar främst med att administrera och leda verksamheten inom sin kulturorganisation. Intervjuerna genomfördes med hjälp av en intervjuguide vartefter materialet analyserades utifrån vald tematisering: kontroll, självförverkligande, styrelsens betydelse, sammanhang och ekonomi. Resultatet gav en samstämmig bild av att motivation styrs av kontrollen över sin arbetstid, arbetsuppgifter och sitt uppdrag.    Nyckelord: Ideella organisationer, kultursektorn, motivation, Self-Determination Theory, kultur, civilsamhället, styrelse

Idea-born – public partnership (IPP) is a state-initiated form of cooperation that are supposed to make it easier for civil society to cooperate with the public sector to solve complex social problems. The study explores how municipalities organize collaboration through IPP and examine opportunities and obstacles with the form of collaboration. Theoretically, the study is guided by concepts from Emerson et al' (2012) model of collaborative governance. The study adopts a qualitative research strategy, and the material was collected from semi-structured interviews with people who work in both the public and idea-based sectors. The results of the study show that the interaction through IPP is complex. There is no predetermined template – IPP becomes what the parties make it. Since there is no uniform definition, there is also no given organization. The parties establish the organization deemed necessary to achieve the purpose of the collaboration. IPP can be preceded by time- and resource consuming processes or be a fast track to collaboration. Likewise, the IPP organization differs in terms of incentives for collaboration, number of participating parties, duration, steering groups, meeting frequency, meeting constellations and personnel administration. The study also shows that the respondents experience following opportunities with IOP; the actors complement each other; share and maximize resources and that the municipality can employ coordinators who are responsible for the IPP work. The obstacles appear to be inadequate procedural and institutional arrangements; lack of knowledge; insufficient dialogue and that trust is damaged by the voice function of civil society.

Initially, civil society received other emphases since the 1990s, which were associated with cooperation, empirical solutions and community of interests. In Sweden, segregation has increased and the current government for 2022 in Sweden has mentioned this in its government declaration that segregation is due to socio-economic and social problems. With this starting point, the purpose of the essay was built. The purpose of the study is to investigate how civil society organizations work with integration projects to counteract segregation in the city of Växjö, as well as what the cooperation between civil society organizations and the state, the county board and the municipality looks like. The method for the master's thesis is a qualitative interview study. The interviews are the empirical materials for the essay, and the interviews were based on semi-structured interviews from three civil society organizations and an interview with business developer in Växjö municipality. The conclusion of the survey is that communication, cooperation, interactions, common goals etcetera are instruments that are needed for cooperation between civil society organizations and the municipality, the county board and the state to function. But what is needed to carry out integration projects to counteract segregation is funding. This is what civil society organizations are in need of, because they have opportunities, knowledge and are first in line in the fields of integration. KeywordsCivil society, civil society organizations, integration, segregation, network governance, interdependence, coordination, pluralism.NyckelordCivilsamhället, civilsamhälletsorganisationer, integration, segregation, nätverksteori, ömsesidigt beroende, samordning, pluralism.

The purpose of this study was to compare the difference in democracy in two Subsaharan African countries. Namibia and Zimbabwe were compared in order to discover factors as to why there is a significant difference in democratic status in otherwise quite similar countries. To be able to do this, Linz and Stepan’s theory of consolidated democracy was used. The study used three of their five arenas, civil society, political society and the rule of law society, which were the basis of the analysis. To answer the purpose of the study, two questions were used; “What does civil society, political society and the rule of law society look like in Namibia and Zimbabwe 2023?” and “What factors make Namibia more democratic compared to Zimbabwe 2023?”. The study was qualitative and used a comparative method with a most-similar design to answer the purpose and questions. The conclusion was that Namibia’s civil society, political society and rule of law society functions broadly in accordance with democratic values and fulfills Linz and Stepans arenas to a large extent, while Zimbabwe has not progressed as far in its democratization process according to the arenas or in comparison with Namibia. Zimbabwe’s government is using autocratic tactics to consolidate their power which hinder the arenas to operate democratically.

<p>The aim of this study is to investigate differences that exist in Estonia and Russia with regard to civil society, democracy and corruption and try to find out what can be possible causes to the vast differences in these two countries. Many political scientists claim that civil society plays a key role in democratic transitions. This paper takes its point of departure in 1991, when the Soviet Union collapsed and Estonia and Russia became independent. Since then Estonia has had a flourishing economy which attract many foreign investments, with Sweden as the greatest investor. The country has also managed well to adjust quickly from totalitarianism to democracy. This paper also addresses issues with corruption as it is a major problem in Russia and affects every day life in society. My results show that since Vladimir Putin came to power, Russia has got a higher degree of corruption and the evolution of democracy has gone backwards. I also found that there is a lack of social capital in the Russian society. In Estonia however, the results show that the country now has a well-functioning democracy. The legal environment for NGOs has steadily improved since Estonia became member of the EU. However, there still remain some deficit with regards to being a participating democracy at the grass-root level within the civil society. The theories used in this paper are Heidenheimer´s theory on corruption and Robert Putnam´s institutional theory on horizontal organization and social capital. The methods used are comparative case study and most similar systems design.</p>

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Resultatstyrning är idag den centrala styrningsformen inom svenskt bistånd. På senare år har ett ökade fokus på resultatstyrning, kallat resultatagendan, kritiserats för hur frågor om långsiktighet och hållbarhet hamnar i skymundan med fokus på kvantitativa och kortsiktiga prestationsmått i utvärderingar. Syftet med denna studie är således att undersöka vad svenska civilsamhällesorganisationer upplever som dagens utmaningar med att utvärdera hållbarhet i biståndsprojekt. Datainsamling har skett genom en litteraturstudie från officiella dokument och tidigare forskning samt fyra intervjuer med medarbetare hos svenska civilsamhällesorganisationer. Uppsatsen har utmynnat i tre övergripande slutsatser: För det första upplever civilsamhällesorganisationer att de lever i en s.k. post-resultatagenda där resultatagendans eftermälen inte är anpassat för mer långsiktigt fokus. Vidare önskas ett processorienterat tillvägagångssätt för hållbarhetsperspektivet där biståndsaktörer arbetar tillsammans för att låta hållbarhetsperspektivet genomsyra svenskt bistånd på en strategisk och aggregerad nivå. Slutligen upplevs det även finnas konkreta hinder för god hållbarhetsutvärdering kopplat till projektens finansiering där ett exempel är timingen på utvärderingar. / Results-Based Management (RBM) is the central form of management in Swedish aid today. In recent years, the focus on RBM, commonly called the Results Agenda, has been criticised for how questions concerning long-term goals and sustainability has become neglected with the focus of quantitative and short-term results in foreign aid evaluations. The purpose of this thesis is to examine what Swedish Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) consider challenging when evaluating sustainability criteria in foreign aid projects. The data collection consists of a literature study of official documents and previous research as well as four interviews with coworkers at Swedish CSOs. The thesis has resulted in three overarching conclusions: Firstly, Swedish CSOs today experience living in a time of so-called Post-Results Agenda were the aftermath of the Results Agenda is not considered suited for more flexible and long-term focus. Furthermore, a process oriented approach for the sustainability perspective is desired, where foreign aid actors work together for a comprehensive sustainability approach on a strategic and aggregated level. Lastly, a couple of concrete obstacles for better evaluation of sustainability criteria are found to originate from the projects’ funding, such as the timing of evaluations.