An approach was developed which allows for design studies of commercial aircraft using physics-based noise analysis methods while retaining the ability to perform the rapid tradeoff and risk analysis studies needed at the conceptual design stage. A prototype integrated analysis process was created for computing the total aircraft EPNL at the Federal Aviation Regulations Part 36 certification measurement locations using physics-based methods for fan rotor-stator interaction tones and jet mixing noise. The analysis process was then used in combination with design of experiments to create response surface equations (RSEs) for the engine and aircraft performance metrics, geometric constraints and takeoff and landing noise levels. In addition, Monte Carlo analysis was used to assess the expected variability of the metrics under the influence of uncertainty, and to determine how the variability is affected by the choice of engine cycle. Finally, the RSEs were used to conduct a series of proof-of-concept conceptual-level design studies demonstrating the utility of the approach. The study found that a key advantage to using physics-based analysis during conceptual design lies in the ability to assess the benefits of new technologies as a function of the design to which they are applied. The greatest difficulty in implementing the physics-based analysis proved to be the generation of design geometry at a sufficient level of detail for high-fidelity analysis.

<p>In industry today, the need for excellent product development and realization in many different aspects is increasing. This calls for excellent quality, while at the same time time-to-market is increasingly important. A concurrent engineering (CE) approach is directed towards simultaneously developing different aspects of product realization in order to enhance both quality and speed. This thesis deals with the internal materials supply system (MSS) from a CE approach. Logistics aspects are often not dealt with until later stages of development, which leads to limitations in the possible solutions for the MSS. While designing a new production system, including MSS aspects early on in the project implies stating at an early stage what is required by the system. In order to aid the development of such requirements, this thesis aims at suggesting a structure for the requirements on the MSS where the relevant stakeholders of the system are involved. The thesis results are achieved through literature reviews and a case study at a manufacturing company in the automotive industry.</p><p>Through literature reviews the thesis suggests a four-level hierarchic approach to requirements, considering four levels: stakeholder level, system level, sub system level and component level. This approach is supported by the case study, where stakeholders and requirements are analyzed and content and important aspects for the requirements specification in a current product realization project are considered. Through the case study, the thesis suggests a view of MSS stakeholders and a two-part structure for MSS requirements with a requirements specification matrix and a tree diagram. The requirements specification matrix contains the four suggested levels, where twelve different requirement categories are considered on each level. The stakeholder level considers the stakeholder requirements, which are translated into requirements on the system. These are broken down into requirements on the various flows (sub systems) of the system, which are then broken down into six components (materials feeding, storage, transportation, handling, packaging and planning and control). The stakeholders considered are divided into operational, contextual and internal stakeholders to the system.</p><p>The thesis results are considered to have the possibility of aiding the inclusion of MSS aspects at an early stage of product realization, and many different aspects are considered through the inclusion of all the relevant stakeholders in the study. The results are expected to be applicable in many different contexts. However, this needs to be examined further and also the robustness of the results need to be established through further studies.</p> / <p>I dagens industriella verklighet är behovet av utmärkt produktutveckling och          -framtagning utifrån olika aspekter av ökande vikt. Detta antyder krav på ökad kvalitet samtidigt som betydelsen av att snabbt nå ut till marknaden ökar. Integrerad produktutveckling innebär att man utför olika delar av produktframtagningen parallellt för att öka både kvalitet och hastighet. Denna uppsats behandlar det interna materialförsörjningssystemet ur ett integrerat produktutvecklingsperspektiv. Logistikaspekter behandlas ofta inte förrän sent i ett utvecklingsprojekt, vilket medför begränsningar i antalet möjliga lösningar för materialförsörjningssystemet. Att under utveckling av ett produktionssystem inkludera materialförsörjningsaspekter i ett tidigt skede antyder att klargöra vilka krav som ställs på materialförsörjningssystemet. För att underlätta formuleringen av dessa krav är målet för denna uppsats att föreslå en struktur för kravställande på materialförsörjningssystemet där de relevanta intressenterna till systemet är inkluderade.</p><p>Uppsatsens resultat nås genom litteraturgenomgång och en fallstudie på ett tillverkande företag som är underleverantör till fordonsindustrin. Genom litteraturgenomgång föreslår uppsatsen ett hierarkiskt angreppssätt i fyra nivåer till kraven: intressentnivå, systemnivå, subsystemnivå och komponentnivå. Detta angreppssätt stöds av fallstudien, där intressenter och krav analyseras och innehåll i och viktiga aspekter av kravspecificering i ett pågående produktframtagningsprojekt beaktas. Genom fallstudien kan uppsatsen föreslå en vy över materialförsörjningssystemets intressenter och en tvådelad struktur för krav på materialförsörjningssystemet med en kravspecifikationsmatris och ett träddiagram. Kravspecifikationsmatrisen består av de fyra föreslagna nivåerna, där tolv olika kravkategorier beaktas på varje nivå. Intressentnivån betraktar intressenternas krav, vilka översätts till kravställningar på systemet. Dessa bryts ner till krav på de olika flödena (subsystemen) i systemet, vilka sedan bryts ner i sex komponenter (materialtillförsel, lagring, transporter, hantering, paketering och produktionsstyrning). De urskiljda intressenterna delas upp i operationella, kontextuella och interna intressenter till systemet.</p><p>Uppsatsens resultat ses som ett tänkbart verktyg för att bidra till att inkludera materialförsörjningsaspekter tidigt i produktframtagningsprocessen och många olika aspekter berörs genom inkluderandet av alla relevanta intressenter i studien. Resultatet förväntas vara applicerbart i många olika sammanhang. Detta behöver dock utredas närmare, likaså behöver robustheten i resultatet utredas vidare genom fortsatta studier.</p>

A multidisciplinaridade, característica de um Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos (PDP), sobretudo em um ambiente de Engenharia Simultânea (CE - do inglês Concurrent Engineering), no qual vários métodos e ferramentas são utilizados, torna complexo o fluxo de informações ao longo do processo. Embora existam abordagens como a Gestão do Ciclo de Vida do Produto (PLM - do inglês Product Lifecycle Management) e ferramentas de apoio (e.g. CAD; CAE; CAM), não há uma linguagem comum a todos os elementos do PDP, causando múltiplas interpretações da informação, podendo prejudicar os resultados. Neste contexto, destaca-se o dinamismo dos requisitos do produto ao longo do PDP. Muitas empresas costumam considerar etapas isoladas no início do PDP para a identificação dos requisitos do produto, porém, geralmente, não consideram as interações entre os diferentes requisitos e seu impacto sobre os elementos do sistema que compõem o produto. Diante de tal problemática, a abordagem Engenharia de Sistemas, baseada em Modelos (MbSE - do inglês Model-based System Engineering), propõe uma representação de produto através de um modelo único e atemporal, que assume o papel de guiar todo o ciclo de vida do produto, sendo a única fonte de informação aos stakeholders (i.e. envolvidos no PDP), representando todas as inter-relações existentes entre componentes, sistemas e subsistemas. Para aplicar a abordagem MbSE, muitos estudos propõem o uso da linguagem SysML (System Modeling Language) para modelar sistemas complexos. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é propor um modelo de sistema que possibilite a fiel representação de um produto, auxiliando a identificação e gestão dos requisitos ao longo do PDP. O modelo proposto possibilita o acesso e rastreabilidade das informações do produto, em diferentes níveis de abstração, a todos os stakeholders. A execução dos procedimentos metodológicos da pesquisa baseia-se na abordagem DSR. Tal abordagem é composta pelas etapas de identificação do problema, definição de objetivos, desenvolvimento da solução, avaliação e comunicação dos resultados. A pesquisa é aplicada no contexto de uma fabricante global de máquinas agrícolas, sobretudo no PDP de um trator. O produto será representado através de um modelo de sistema usando a linguagem SysML. A modelagem e acesso às informações do produto, através do modelo, são demonstrados e avaliados de acordo com os critérios da DSR. Utilizando o modelo, é possível identificar o impacto dos requisitos nos diferentes componentes do produto, bem como as inter-relações presentes no sistema. Além disso, possibilita-se o acesso às informações do modelo por diferentes stakeholders, demonstrando seu uso com ferramentas CAD e de Gestão de Requisitos. / The Product Development Process (PDP) multidisciplinary characteristic, into a Concurrent Engineering (CE) environment, where several systems, methods and tools are used, means that the information flow on PDP becomes complex. There are approaches, even as Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), and support tolls (e.g. CAD; CAE; CAM), but there is no a common language for all PDP components, arise multiple interpretations about information, prejudicing product results. This scenario highlights the requirements dynamism along the PDP stages. These are given from the customer needs, increasing its detail level through the process evolution. Generally, enterprises treat the requirements through standalone stages at the PDP start, but not consider the requirements interactions and its impacts about the all products systems components. In this context, the Model-based System Engineering (MbSE) approach proposes a product representation structure, through a unique and atemporal model, which assumes the role of a PDP guide, being the unique information source to stakeholders. This model is able to represent all components, system and subsystems interactions. Last years, several enterprises has used the language System Modeling Language (SysML) for modeling complex systems, achieving good results. In this sense, the goal of this work is propose a model that allows a loyal product representation, able to help the requirements definition and management along the PDP. This model allow the product information access, usage and traceability at various abstraction levels, by all stakeholders. The execution of the methodological procedures is based on the DSR approach. This approach consists of problem identification, goal setting, solution development, evaluation and reporting of results. The research is applied in the context of a global manufacturer of agricultural machinery, especially a tractor PDP. The product is represented through a system model using the SysML language. The modeling and product information is demonstrated and evaluated according to the DSR criteria. Using the model, is possible to identify the impact of the requirements on the different components of the product, as well as the interrelationships present in the system. In addition, it is possible to access the model information by different stakeholders, demonstrating its use with CAD tools and Requirements Management.

During product development, most of the customer value, as well as the cost and the quality of a product are defined. This key role of development in industry has led to an intense search for better ways to develop products, software, services and systems. One development methodology that has received positive attention is Set-Based Concurrent Engineering (SBCE). Some authors claim that SBCE and related practices from Lean Development are four times more productive than traditional development models. Unfortunately, SBCE is also described as hard to implement. This thesis presents the results of a three year research project aimed at implementing and describing the effects of Set-Based Concurrent Engineering in industry. The scope of the research is to use the principles of SBCE as a means to improve the productivity of industrial product development processes and its resulting products. The contribution of this work is a better understanding of Set-Based Concurrent Engineering and a support to implement its principles. The results show that SBCE gives positive effects on many aspects of product development performance and on the resulting products. The improvements are especially dominant on product performance, product cost and the level of innovation Moreover, a comparison between a Set-based decision process and a traditional matrix for design evaluation is presented, showing that these two approaches generate different results. The matrix evaluation promoted the development of new technology and the Set-based process promoted a thorough understanding of the important design parameters of the current designs. Finally, this work presents a structured design process and computer tool for implementing the principles of SBCE. The process was demonstrated by using information from an industrial development project, showing how the proposed process could implement the three principles of SBCE in a traditional Point-based development environment.

[pt] Atualmente, o intercâmbio eletrônico de dados é uma importante ferramenta para as parcerias entre empresas de setores competitivos do mercado global. A indústria da construção civil também necessita usufruir os benefícios oferecidos pelo trabalho colaborativo, através de ferramentas desenvolvidas segundo os conceitos da Engenharia Simultânea, como sistemas integrados para planejamento e projeto em CAD. Este trabalho propõe um ambiente de integração de sistemas de planejamento e de projeto na construção de estruturas de aço. O princípio básico deste ambiente é facilitar a relação entre as diversas atividades, como o planejamento da construção, o projeto e a montagem da estrutura e a análise de custos. Uma das premissas adotadas é que as tarefas básicas do sistema integrado são executadas por programas já existentes e utilizados normalmente pelo mercado, com o objetivo de minimizar o impacto do uso deste padrão de desenvolvimento. A integração entre os diversos módulos é feita através dos recursos disponibilizados pela Internet. Tendo em vista a consolidação da Internet como um padrão de comunicação e um banco de dados como ponto central de toda a integração proposta, as principais tarefas deste trabalho consistem na definição de um modelo de dados utilizando um padrão estabelecido para a comunicação entre os diversos programas e o desenvolvimento de um protótipo da arquitetura proposta para a integração dos diversos módulos. Estudos amplos têm sido feitos para o desenvolvimento de um padrão completo para representação de dados de um projeto de estruturas de aço. Este trabalho utiliza o padrão CIS/2, publicado para o projeto CIMsteel, e que envolve o trabalho de diversas organizações representativas de várias áreas da indústria da construção civil. / [en] Nowadays, electronic data interchange is an important tool for the partnership between companies from global market competitive sectors. The steel construction industry can also benefit from the collaborative work, through tools developed according to the concepts of the Concurrent Engineering, such as CAD design integrated systems. This work proposes an environment for integration of steel construction design and building planning systems. The basic principle of this environment is to facilitate the relationship amongst the several activities involved, such as the construction planning, the structure project, structural assembly and the cost evaluation. One of the adopted proposition is that the basic tasks of the integrated system are executed by software already available in the market and used in current professional ativities, with the objective of minimizing the impact of the use of this development standard. System modules are integrated by the Internet resources. With the consolidation of the Internet as means of communication and a database as the central point of all the proposed integration, the main task of this work consists on the definition of a data model using an established procedure for the inter-programs communication. Another task is the development of a prototype of the proposed architecture for the several modules integration. Worldwide studies have been made for the development of a complete standard for representation of steel structures data. This work uses the CIS/2 pattern, published for the CIMsteel project, with involvement of several representative organizations of many construction industry areas.

En estos tiempos de acelerado desarrollo de la tecnología es inadmisible que el sector de la construcción en el Perú continúe como en el pasado: sumando baja productividad, enormes pérdidas de dinero, clientes (públicos o privados) descontentos y usuarios finales disgustados. La ventaja que representa el tener el proyecto totalmente modelado antes de ni siquiera haber empezado no tiene precedentes en la industria de la construcción, en el mundo entero. Además, el costo comparativo de obtener este resultado versus lo que cuesta implementarlo es totalmente mínimo, casi inexistente, comparado con los montos de inversión de un proyecto. Esta metodología de diseño y construcción virtual VDC, consiste en la unión moderna de diseño, construcción y operación desde las etapas iniciales de un proyecto, y este se apuntala en el modelado BIM. La intención de esta metodología es definir, alinear y alcanzar fines y metas, así como contribuir al descenso de recursos innecesarios (tiempo, capacidad, inventarios, costos) durante el proceso de elaboración. La base teórica de esta metodología incluye: Métodos de modelado de ingeniería: producto, organización y proceso. Métodos de análisis y diseño basado en modelos: cantidades, cronogramas, costos, riesgos de procesos. Todas estas son las herramientas de modelado de información de construcción (BIM). Métodos de visualización de la información. Métricas de negocios y un enfoque en la gestión estratégica. Análisis del impacto económico: modelos del costo y del valor de las inversiones de capital. Beneficia, tanto en el formato virtual como en el físico. En primer lugar, produce una mejora considerable del trabajo colaborativo entre los distintos agentes que intervienen en el proyecto; en segundo lugar, y como resultado del primero, una disminución de los tiempos y los costos al reducir las incompatibilidades en el diseño y proporcionar información más detallada para la toma de decisiones ante posibles imprevistos. / In these times of accelerated technology development, it is inadmissible that the construction sector in Peru continues as in the past: adding low productivity, enormous losses of money, disgruntled owners (public or private) and disgruntled end users. The advantage of having the project fully modeled before it has even started is unprecedented in the construction industry worldwide. Furthermore, the comparative cost of obtaining this result versus the cost of implementing it is totally minimal, almost non-existent, compared to the investment amounts of a project. This virtual VDC design and construction methodology consists of the modern union of design, construction and operation from the initial stages of a project, and this is underpinned by BIM modeling. The intention of this methodology is to define, align and achieve ends and goals, as well as to contribute to the decrease of unnecessary resources (time, capacity, inventories, costs) during the elaboration process. The theoretical basis of this methodology includes: • Engineering modeling methods: product, organization and process. • Methods of analysis and design based on models: quantities, schedules, costs, risks of processes. These are all building information modeling (BIM) tools. • Information visualization methods. • Business metrics and a focus on strategic management. ¡ • Analysis of the economic impact: models of the cost and value of capital investments. It benefits, both in the virtual and physical formats. Firstly, it produces a considerable improvement in collaborative work between the different agents involved in the project; second, and as a result of the first, a decrease in time and costs by reducing design incompatibilities and providing more detailed information for decision-making in the face of possible unforeseen events. / Trabajo de investigación

在全球化經濟趨勢下，企業不只可以更廣泛的應用全世界的資源，相對的也必須迎接來自全世界的挑戰。統一企業是台灣傳統企業的代表，在台灣扎根、茁壯並成長，至今已超過40年歷史，其發展也由最初的創業草創期，歷經茁壯期、集團化與國際化時期，發展到今日的全球化時期。在成長的歷程中，面對外部經濟結構以及市場環境的變遷，不只在技術構面上逐漸由技術導向轉變為市場導向，其內部組織架構的整合，也因應著外部環境同步的在調整。 本研究首先將由企業的階段性發展，分析在不同時期下研發單位與事業單位組織架構的演進。再進一步以新產品開發流程及品類管理，探討在食品業這一個快速消費品產業中，面對外部環境變動，消費者需求千奇百怪、日新月異的市場條件下，新產品開發自第三階段－集團化時期，至現今第五階段－全球化時期的階段性轉變。最後以同步工程的概念，討論在新產品開發流程中，最重要的兩個階段－事業單位主導的企劃流程，以及研發單位負責的開發流程之間的互動方式和頻率。 透過本研究討論分析後，可以清楚台灣食品產業隨著外部經濟發展與市場環境變化下的階段性發展歷程，透析在新產品開發流程上的演進、轉變與調整，同時了解研發單位和事業單位之間的互動溝通方式。提供成長中的快速消費品產業中企業，或是同樣面臨市場飽和與消費者需求變化迅速之產業，一個如何因應外部快速變遷的管理方式，以及如何學習並加以改善的新產品開發流程與組織內互動機制。 / Under global economic conditions, corporations could make use of the resources all around the world, but they also have to face the challenges from competitors worldwide. Uni-President is the largest food industry corporation of Taiwan, and it has developed over 40 years, from foundation period, growing period, bloc period, international period to global network period. In the developing process, the technology dimension changes from the technology-oriented approach to the market-oriented approach because of the transformation of external economic structure and marketing environment. of the R&D unit and business unit in different period. And then discuss the periodic transformation from bloc period to global network period with NPD（new product development）process and category management. At the end, discuss the interaction way of planning which the business unit is responsible for and development which the R&D unit is responsible for, the most important stages of NPD process, with concurrent engineering concept. The periodic development of Taiwanese food industry with the external transformations can be clearly understood through this research analysis. The reader could not only realize the evolution, shift and adjustment of NPD process but also the communication way of R&D department and business department, providing a management mode for developing fast moving consumer goods industry that faces pressures from marketing and customer.

Ces travaux de recherche concernent le domaine de l’ingénierie des connaissances pour laconception de produits et plus particulièrement les phases amont du couple produit-simulation dansle processus de conception.Au cours de ces différentes phases amont, les acteurs d’un même projet utilisent simultanément denombreuses modélisations géométriques et comportementales du produit. Ils peuvent aussi avoirrecours à plusieurs outils logiciels hétérogènes, communiquant très difficilement entre eux.Dans ce contexte, le partage des connaissances entre les différents modèles métiers apparait commeune nécessité. En effet, concevoir un produit implique une gestion des connaissances d’unegranularité fine en tenant compte de leur niveau de maturité et de leur cohérence.Le recours à de nouvelles méthodes et de nouveaux outils est alors nécessaires dans le but desoutenir l’approche globale PLM et continuer à optimiser et rationaliser le processus de conceptionde produits.Dans ce cadre, nous proposons une approche qualifiée de KCM – Knowledge ConfigurationManagement, basée sur la gestion des connaissances de granularité fine, en configurations. Cetteapproche est de nature à favoriser la collaboration entre les acteurs d’un projet, en améliorant lacapitalisation, la traçabilité, la réutilisation et la cohérence des connaissances, utiliséessimultanément dans plusieurs activités en parallèle du processus de conception.Les principaux résultats de notre travail de recherche se structurent autour de trois axes :· Une méthodologie de gestion des connaissances en configurations qualifiée de KCMethod.· Un méta-modèle, baptisé KCModel, de structuration des concepts manipulés parKCMethod.· Une maquette de faisabilité sous forme d’outil logiciel ADES, permettant d’expérimenteret valider notre approche.L’ensemble des résultats obtenus s’articule autour d’une solution logicielle de nouvelle génération,qualifiée de KCManager, permettant de déployer en entreprise l’ensemble de la démarche proposée. / This research work deals with the field of knowledge engineering for product design, especially theupstream phases of the design-simulation couple in the product design process.In these phases, the project participants use many geometric and behavioural models of the productin parallel, while using multiple heterogeneous software tools, with difficulties to communicatebetween each other. However, especially in the upstream phases of the design process, designing aproduct requires sharing fine granularity knowledge between the different expert models, takinginto account their levels of maturity and consistency. Consequently, new methods and tools arethen needed in order to support the overall PLM approach and continue to optimize and streamlinethe product design process.Thus, in this research context, we propose an approach referred to as KCM – KnowledgeConfiguration Management, based on management of fine granularity knowledge in configuration.This approach is likely to improve collaboration between project participants, improvingcapitalization, traceability, reuse and consistency of the knowledge used simultaneously on severalactivities in parallel within the design process.The main results of our research are structured around three axes :· A methodology for knowledge configuration management qualified as KCMethod.· A meta-model, called KCModel, structuring concepts manipulated by KCMethod.· A model of feasibility, namely ADES software tool, allowing testing and validation ourapproach.The overall results are articulated around a next-generation software solution, described asKCManager, in order to deploy the approach proposed.

研發計畫的評估是一個複雜且重要的問題，特別是在新興的生技醫藥產業，生技醫藥產業雖然爆發力強，卻具有研發時程長、風險大的特性，再加上投資金額龐大，回收期長，如何在有限的資源及高度的不確定性下，進行正確的投資評估變成了關乎未來公司存亡的關鍵。 一般而言，質化的評估方式，容易受決策者主觀意見所影響，造成決策品質的不確定性。而量化的評估方式，並不易讓企業管理者瞭解與使用，加上模式的限制可能只適用於某些特定情形，造成決策的真實情境無法完全由數學模式中表達出來，而降低了決策的參考性。 以藥物開發為例，針對生醫產業的特性，從評估參與人員、質化評估、量化評估、評估要求、評估標準、評估程序等不同的構面去探討與分析可能合適的研發評估模式。本論文進一步以個案訪談的方式，收集實際運作的經驗與意見，瞭解目前業界目前實務上使用的評估方式，並與先前的生醫產業評估模式對照比較，瞭解理論與實務上的落差，探討其關鍵要素，以整體的效益評估觀點，對公司決策者或研發主管提出建議。 / The evaluation for R&D project is usually regarded as an important and complicated issue for enterprises, especially in the biomedical industry. Such a concern may be highly applied to the biomedical industry, which is involved with lengthy R&D process, high level of risk, and large cost. This project, therefore, will attempt to study the appropriate approaches to determine whether a proposed R&D project is worthwhile to be launched for a biomedical enterprise with limited resources. In general, qualitative research may be involved with the evaluator’s personal experience, negatively influencing the evaluation results. On the other hand, not each of the selected models employed by quantitative research is fully compatible to evaluation process. This study suggests that either qualitative or quantitative research may not be the most appropriate tool to conduct R&D project evaluation. This study aims to use drug development as a study target and further to discuss the most appropriate evaluation approach from the five aspects, including reviewer’s professional, evaluation items of qualitative research, evaluation items of quantitative research, requirement for evaluation process, and criteria for project approval. This study also assumes that a final review process is required to be proceeded in addition to taking the above five aspects into account. This study begins with related references and collecting the opinions provided by the professionals working in the biomedical industry about real cases. Through the case study method, the study may better understand the difference between the theoretical models and real practices and further to identify the key successful factors for the evaluation model. Finally the study suggests a comprehensive evaluation model to decision makers or research managers.

This master thesis aims to examine how the transfer of product related information is carried out in the manufacturing industry. The study was supposed to give suggestions for improving the CAD courses provided at Linköping University. This thesis is the concluding step for the authors’ master’s degree in mechanical engineering.In the beginning of the project a study of relevant literature was made. The literature was aimed to gain more knowledge of the subject at hand and finding relevant methods for collecting and analyzing data. To examine how the industry deals with product related data a multiple case study was conducted, investigating seven different companies that are working with both product development and production. As data collection method, semi-structured interviews of employees on the different companies were conducted.An adaptation of the “affinity diagram technique” was used when analyzing the collected data. The method divided the answers to questions provided by the different companies into different categories, in the form of statements. These where compared between the companies by the use of tables, showing the results in a clear manner. To give better insight in each company´s methods, a descriptive summary was written for each of the studied companies.To be able to give propositions of improvement for the courses at the University, some of the courses given where analyzed by reviewing the course description and goals, and through informal interviews of the course administrator. This led to better insight in what is included in the courses and what they are supposed to teach the students. The knowledge of what is included in the courses at this time and the results of the study of the companies, were the foundation when determining what could be changed in the courses.The case study showed that it varies greatly how much the companies are adapting new approaches for generating and spreading product related data. This made it difficult to find tangible evidence supporting changes to the courses, however, a few conclusions could be drawn from the results. It was found that 2D-drawings are still used to a great extent for carrying product related information. Only one of the studied companies have transitioned to using the 3D-model as an information carrier. Although it was mentioned on some of the other companies that such an approach seemed interesting.The study also showed that less handling of physical papers seems to be something most companies are interested in, and are also trying to achieve. It was also noted that all the companies studied had implemented some form of digital platform for handling product related documents.A few things that were deemed worth implementing in the mandatory courses were the introduction to PDM/PLM, introduction of 3D-annotations for dimensions and tolerances and increased use of the 3D-model for manufacturing operations. / Detta examensarbete ämnar undersöka hur informationsöverföringen av produktrelaterad data sker i industrin för att kunna ge förbättringsförslag för Linköpings Universitets CAD- och ritteknikskurser. Detta för att kurserna bättre ska spegla industrins nuvarande och även framtida behov. Examensarbetet utfördes på avdelningen maskinkonstruktion vid Linköpings Universitet och är det avslutande momentet på författarnas civilingenjörsutbildning i maskinteknik.Till att börja med utfördes en litteraturstudie. Detta för att ge kunskap inom det aktuella området och vilka metoder som kan användas för datainsamling och analys. För att undersöka hur industrins arbetssätt ser ut utfördes en flerfallstudie på sju olika företag som bedriver produktutveckling tillsammans med egen produktion. Som datainsamlingsmetod valdes semistrukturerade intervjuer med anställda på de olika företagen.Analysen utfördes med hjälp av en adaption av ”affinity diagram technique” vilket delade upp företagens svar i kategorier i form av påståenden. Dessa jämfördes mellan företagen med hjälp av tabeller eftersom det var tydligt sätt att representera resultatet. För att ge en inblick i hur varje enskilt företag arbetar utarbetades även en deskriptiv sammanfattning av varje företag.För att kunna ge förbättringsförslag till universitetets CAD- och ritteknikskurser granskades några av de nuvarande kursernas kursplaner. Detta tillsammans med en informell intervju av de kursansvariga ledde till bättre insikt om hur kurserna är uppbyggda och vad målen med dem är. Insikten om vad kurserna innehåller i dagsläget tillsammans med analysen av de studerade företagens arbetssätt bidrog till att ett antal förbättringsförslag kunde föreslås.Det visade sig att graden av användande av modernare arbetssätt varierar kraftigt bland företagen. Detta gjorde det svårt att komma fram till ett enhetligt resultat som gällde för alla de studerade företagen. Däremot kunde ett antal slutsatser dras. Bland annat används fortfarande 2D-ritningar flitigt som ett informationsbärande dokument. En övergång till att enbart använda 3D-modellen som informationsbärare noterades endast på ett utav företagen men nämndes på ett par andra.Papperslöst arbete verkar vara på frammarsch trots att vissa specifika moment fortfarande utförs på papper. Det noterades även att digitala system används för lagring och hantering av produktrelaterad information hos alla de studerade företagen.Det som ansetts värt att implementera i universitets obligatoriska kurser efter genomförd studie är främst ökad användning av PDM/PLM-system, introduktion av 3D-måttsättning samt utnyttjande av 3D-modellen vid tillverkning.