Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-03-28T11:44:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Juan Sebastián Ospina Álvarez - 2018.pdf: 10060582 bytes, checksum: e9265c8445db36700e8cba059933db9b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-03-28T11:46:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Juan Sebastián Ospina Álvarez - 2018.pdf: 10060582 bytes, checksum: e9265c8445db36700e8cba059933db9b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-28T11:46:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Juan Sebastián Ospina Álvarez - 2018.pdf: 10060582 bytes, checksum: e9265c8445db36700e8cba059933db9b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present thesis intercrosses the visual cultures studies and the gender studies, having as object of analysis six encounters which made up the NarrATIVIDADES extension project. Genders Lab and narratives, which happened in November and December 2015, March and April 2017, in addition to the narratives produced by the people who committed themselves to the registered design from the School of Visual Arts (FAV) at the Pro-rector of Extension and Culture (PROEC) from the Federal University of Goiás (UFG). Masculinities in this study are treated as cultural constructs that are supported by the variety of speeches to operate in societies. For this reason, after reports of several visualities are problematized, these constructs of discipline and control that not only relate to the scope of the affective-sexual, but also to the domain of symbolic production. In this sense, this research craved analyze the possibilities and deconstruction strategies of visualities on masculinities and masculinization of looks, this from hypervisuals talks, works with memories and narratives produced by the group of students and teachers on the main subject of research: objectification and women hypersexualization, especially black women and black men; invisibility of the non heteronormative identities and androcentrism in using audiovisuals and media devices. The methodological approach nicknamed and used in this process corresponds to the hypervisual conversations that consist in an expansion of a narrative research expansion from works with visualities and countervisualities. To better comprehend the proper use of the term ‘hypervisuals’ are threshed, throughout the text, discussions around the concept of visual, visual images, the visualities, the countervisualities, the scopic regimes and many other terms of the studies of visual cultures. Since it’s a study linked to the Line of Image Cultural Research of image and Mediation Processes, this research outlines also the use of hypervisual narratives as possible to develop pedagogical processes with deconstructivist bias. / A presente tese entrecruza os estudos das culturas visuais e os estudos das relações dos gêneros, tendo como objeto de análise seis encontros que compuseram o projeto de extensão NarrATIVIDADES. Laboratório de gêneros e narrativas, os quais aconteceram em novembro e dezembro de 2015, março e abril de 2017, além das narrativas produzidas pelas pessoas que se vincularam ao projeto inscrito desde a Faculdade de Artes Visuais (FAV) ante a Pró-reitora de Extensão e Cultura (PROEC) da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG). As masculinidades neste estudo são tratadas enquanto construções culturais que têm como suporte os mais variados discursos para operar nas sociedades. Por este motivo, a partir dos relatos sobre múltiplas visualidades são problematizados esses construtos de disciplinamento e controle que não referem só ao âmbito do afetivo-sexual, mas também ao domínio da produção simbólica. Nesse sentido, esta investigação almejou analisar as possibilidades e estratégias de desconstrução das visualidades sobre as masculinidades e a masculinização dos olhares, isto a partir das conversações hipervisuais, trabalhos com memórias e as narrativas produzidas pelo grupo de estudantes e docentes sobre as temáticas principais da pesquisa: objetualização e hipersexualização das mulheres, principalmente das mulheres negras, e dos homens negros; invisibilização das identidades não heteronormativas e androcentrismo no uso de aparelhos e mídias audiovisuais. A abordagem metodológica alcunhada e usada neste processo corresponde às conversações hipervisuais que consistem em uma expansão da pesquisa narrativa a partir de trabalhos com visualidades e contravisualidades. Para compreender o uso do termo hipervisual são trilhadas, ao longo do texto, discussões em torno do conceito do visual, das imagens visuais, das visualidades, das contravisualidades, dos regimes escópicos e tantos outros termos caros aos estudos das culturas visuais. Por se tratar de um estudo vinculado à Linha de Pesquisa Culturas da Imagem e Processos de Mediação, esta investigação delineia, também, a utilização das narrativas hipervisuais como possível forma de desenvolver processos pedagógicos com viés desconstrutivista.

Nous présentons un système de structuration automatique d'enregistrements audiovisuels s'appuyant sur des informations non lexicales caractéristiques des rôles des intervenants et de leurs interactions. Dans une première étape, nous proposons une méthode de détection et de caractérisation de séquences temporelles, nommée " zones d'interaction ", susceptibles de correspondre à des conversations. La seconde étape de notre système réalise une reconnaissance du rôle des intervenants : présentateur, journaliste et autre. Notre contribution au domaine de la reconnaissance automatique du rôle se distingue en reposant sur l'hypothèse selon laquelle les rôles des intervenants sont accessibles à travers des paramètres " bas-niveau " inscrits d'une part dans l'organisation temporelle des tours de parole des intervenants, dans les environnements acoustiques dans lesquels ils apparaissent, ainsi que dans plusieurs paramètres prosodiques (intonation et débit). Dans une dernière étape, nous combinons l'information du rôle des intervenants à la connaissance des séquences d'interaction afin de produire deux niveaux de description du contenu des documents. Le premier niveau de description segmente les enregistrements en zones de 4 types : informations, entretiens, transition et intermède. Un second niveau de description classe les zones d'interaction orales en 4 catégories : débat, interview, chronique et relais. Chaque étape du système est validée par une grand nombre d'expériences menées sur le corpus du projet EPAC et celui de la campagne d'évaluation ESTER.

The starting point of this study is that the news media in general strongly influence which topics determine the public agenda by their choice of what is considered newsworthy. The study is based on articles from two major Swedish daily newspapers, Svenska Dagbladet and Dagens Nyheter.  The aim of our thesis is to establish how the environmental public debate as portrayed in the newspaper corresponds to the environmental discussion within the scientific (subject matter expert) field, that is taught by the academic institutions, or if the two materially differ. The environmental communication discourse at the academic institutions advocates ‘episodic’ formation as the driving force behind transformation of attitudes and behavioral preconceptions. This episodic formation is aimed at incentivizing change by creating intimacy to the incident by linking cause and consequence to the individual citizen instead of to society as a whole. The analysis consists of approximately 50 articles, all published in year 2010, and is based on CDA (Critical Discourse Analysis) where we sought to map out the discourses that frame the representation of environmental topics in these two daily newspapers.  The result shows that the newspapers account of environmental topics only weakly corresponds to the scientific account. The media representation mainly adopts a ‘thematic’ formation in which environmental topics are frequently approached by means of distancing itself or taking a broader and detached stance instead of a specific and attached link to the individual. The result thus shows that the newspapers discourse practice does not positively drive changes to attitudes and behaviors but rather reinforces the prevailing discourse and social posture in society. At the same time the analysis shows that the two newspapers form a forum where many different views and values are being voiced and where many different groups in society are represented in democratic spirit. Both supporting and inhibiting views are presented in this context. If the newspapers overall discourse practice promotes or inhibits transformation of the public’s environmental attitudes and behavior tends towards that ‘status quo’ is upheld at the expense of change. This despite, environmental topics are considered important by the Swedish public in general.

This essay deals with the various difficulties that can arise in conversations and meetings with parents and colleagues in the preschool world. The essay is based on two self-perceived stories that culminate in dilemmas that are difficult to assess, where our own actions come into question. The purpose of this essay is to gain a greater understanding and awareness of why we become insecure when our communication with others fails. Our research questions assist us in gaining an understanding that our own and others' behavior in meetings and conversations can be influenced by past experience, ourvalues and our emotions. This means, for example, that we must be aware that our values - ideal images, functions as both our guide and trip wires. We must also bear in mind that our ability to manage our own emotional reactions is  significant when it comes to facing our own and others' feelings. This essay also explores what kind of knowledge we may need in order to make conversations and meetings professional. Our writing is based from a hermeneutic perspective in which we interpret and reflect on the foundation  of our own experiences. The method we use is essay writing, a process that alternates between writing, reading and reflecting. We then connect our reflections to theories in psychology, philosophy and sociology to get an understanding of our complex dilemmas.  Some of the new theoretical knowledge that we gained comes from systems theory that has helped us to understand how we can create change in relationships by behaving differently. Conscious change in our own behavior is an important aspect in order to acquire new practical knowledge. In this way, we can become more professional in our conversations and meetings. / Denna essä handlar om olika svårigheter som kan uppstå vid samtal och möten med föräldrar respektive kollegor i förskolans värld. Essän utgår från två egenupplevda berättelser som mynnar ut i svårbedömda dilemman, där vi ifrågasätter vårt eget handlande. Syftet med vår essä är att få en ökad förståelse och medvetenhet om varför vi blir osäkra när vår kommunikation med andra misslyckas. Våra frågeställningar hjälper oss att få en förståelse för att vårt eget och andras beteenden i möten och samtal kan påverkas av de erfarenheter vi bär med oss, våra värderingar och våra känslor. Det innebär exempelvis att vi måste bli medvetna om att våra värderingar - idealbilder, fungerar både som våra vägvisare och snubbeltrådar, samt att vår förmåga att hantera egna känsloreaktioner har betydelse för att möta egna och andras känslor. Essän handlar även om vilken typ av kunskap som vi kan tänkas behöva för att samtal och möten ska bli professionella. Vårt skrivande utgår från ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv där vi tolkar och reflekterar utifrån våra egna erfarenheter. Metoden vi använder oss av är essäskrivande, en process som växlar mellan skrivande, läsande och reflekterande. Reflektionerna kopplar vi sedan till teorier inom psykologin, filosofin och sociologin för att få en förståelse för våra svårbedömda dilemman. Några av de nya teoretiska kunskaperna som vi fått kommer bland annat ifrån systemteorin, som har hjälpt oss att förstå hur vi kan åstadkomma förändringar i relationer genom att göra något annorlunda. Medvetna förändringar i vårt eget beteende är en viktig aspekt för att kunna erövra ny praktisk kunskap. På så sätt kan vi bli mer professionella i våra samtal och möten.

VitalSmarts® Crucial Conversations™ general program theory might be a possible countermeasure addressing organizational culture and communication factors affecting quality and safety. This practice inquiry reports: a VitalSmarts® Crucial Conversations™ general program logic model, a major medical center's Crucial Conversations™ historical implementation program logic model, a clinical exemplar central line associated blood stream infection program logic model; and, findings that describe the fidelity of the major medical center's Crucial Conversations™ historical implementation and clinical exemplar central line associated blood stream infection program logic model to the VitalSmarts® Crucial Conversations™ general program logic model. The results demonstrated there was no fidelity between the major medical center's Crucial Conversations™ program logic model and the VitalSmarts® Crucial Conversations™ general program logic model. The clinical exemplar CLABSI program logic model and VitalSmarts® Crucial Conversations™ general program logic model fidelity differed in intended outcomes. The results might suggest that program adaptability along with program fidelity are factors that influence program strength, and these factors must be uniquely balanced within organizational dynamics to realize intended outcomes. The formative evaluation and program logic model might be a feasible methodology and applicable tool for exploring quality and safety within complex adaptive systems, such as organizational culture, where constraints possibly could exclude more rigorous scientific methodologies until factors are more understood.

The beliefs that teachers have about teaching and learning have an influence on the practices that teachers implement. This is particularly relevant, although not exclusively, to teaching practices that meet the needs of Māori students in our bicultural learning environments of New Zealand. There is a growing amount of research to support the use of student voice data, the benefits of which can be seen at a school level, at the classroom teacher level as well as for the individual students themselves. This research project focused on exploring the impact of students sharing their thoughts and opinions about their learning, (i.e.: student voice data) on influencing teachers’ beliefs about teaching and learning. In doing so it explores effective facilitation of this process in a bicultural learning environment. In particular it investigates the potential of a combination of specific tools, notably student focus groups and coaching conversations with teachers to influence teachers’ beliefs. This study took place in two low decile schools in Christchurch. It involved focus groups of Māori and non-Māori primary-aged students, alongside teacher reflective interviews being conducted on repeated visits. Its findings identified approaches for accessing authentic student voice in a bicultural learning environment. The thoughts and opinions shared by Māori students highlighted a focus on their own learning as well as celebrating their culture. Teachers reacted to student voice by making connections to their classroom programmes, and by accepting or dismissing more provocative statements. These reactions by teachers helped emphasize the most helpful methods for reflecting on this data. Their reflections, used alongside a specially designed ‘Teacher Belief Gathering Tool’, ascertained that teachers’ beliefs were both reaffirmed and changed through guided reflection and coaching conversations on student voice data. Teachers’ knowledge of effective teaching and learning, their motivation for changing their teaching practices, as well as witnessing success were all considerable factors in teachers changing their beliefs.

Autismspektrumtillstånd (AST) är en neuropsykiatrisk funktionsnedsättning som kan påverka individens vardagsliv. Livsområden som kan vara problematiska är bland annat arbetsliv, familjeliv, relationer och områden som kräver social interaktion. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka vardaglig kommunikation hos vuxna med AST samt att genom deltagarnas personliga berättelser undersöka hur AST kan påverka en individs liv. Denna typ av studie är viktig för att generera en bättre förståelse för behoven hos vuxna med AST och därmed ge indikationer för vilka typer av anpassningar som kan behövas i samhället. Föreliggande studie baserades på en videoinspelad fokusgruppsdiskussion med fyra deltagare som i vuxen ålder har diagnostiserats med AST. Två olika analysmetoder användes för att studera materialet, nämligen samtalsanalys och innehållsanalys. Resultaten visade att deltagarna har kompetens för social interaktion och empatisk förmåga. Ett par av deltagarna uppfattades ha annorlunda blickanvändning, och oväntade ämnesbyten och avbrottsförsök observeras under diskussionen. Flertalet av deltagarna uppgav att de har haft psykiska svårigheter under sina liv och de ser diagnostiseringen som viktig för deras livskvalitet då den möjliggör kontaktskapande med likasinnade. Detta förefaller vara betydelsefullt för dem då de har svårt att bygga relationer. Resultaten i föreliggande studie kan bidra till en ökad förståelse för hur en neuropsykiatrisk diagnos kan påverka en individs liv. / Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a neuropsychiatric impairment that may affect an individual's everyday life. Life areas that may be problematic include work, family, relationships and areas that require social interaction. The aim of the present study was to investigate communication in everyday life amongst adults with ASD as well as, by listening to the participants' personal narratives, explore how AST can affect an individual's life. The study was based on a video recorded focus group discussion with four participants who in adulthood have been diagnosed with ASD. Conversation Analysis and Content analysis were used for analysis of the material. The results showed that the participants have skills for social interaction and empathy. Some of the participants were perceived as using their gaze in a deviant way, and unexpected changes in topics and attempted interruptions were observed during the discussion. The majority of the participants described periods of psychiatric problems during their lives, and that the diagnosis has been important for their quality of life as it enables them to create relationships with people with similar difficulties. This appears to be important to them since they have difficulties building relationships. The results contribute to a better understanding of how a neuropsychiatric diagnosis can affect an individual's life.

Abstract The purpose of the 6-week qualitative study was to explore how Grade 1 children responded to five picturebooks by Anthony Browne during interactive read-alouds. The 13 participants and the other non-participants were organized into four mixed gender and mixed reading-ability groups. Data included transcripts from 20 small group read-aloud sessions and field notes that documented additional student affective responses to the texts. Other data included the children’s drawings that were completed after each picturebook small group read-aloud session, as well as transcripts of the students’ individual interviews about their artistic responses. Coding of student conversation turns during the read-aloud sessions revealed the identification of six categories of statements. These six categories were then applied to the students’ individual interview data to facilitate comparison between the two settings. The artwork and interviews of three students were analyzed as three individual cases and represented a sample of student readers of differing abilities. Data analysis of the read-aloud session transcripts revealed that labeling statements accounted for approximately one-third of all student comments. The remaining students’ statements were categorized as following: approximately one-quarter were character description, one-fifth were ‘other,’ (i.e. indecipherable statements and/or off-topic comments), approximately one-tenth were character feeling, less than one-tenth were autobiographical, and a small amount were intertextual in nature. The comparison of the three focus children’s individual interviews to their small group conversations revealed that the children generated a greater number of autobiographical statements during the individual interviews about their art. Implications for research and pedagogy included teaching and conducting research about visual literacy that involves pre- and post-treatment study, and examining children’s conversations about characters in picturebooks by numerous authors. / Graduate

This qualitative study is aimed to explore the leaders’ experiences of difficult conversations in their work. We have examined if they take on a different role during the difficult conversations and how communication can affect their leadership during the conversation. We have also examined the importance of the leaders’ ability to distance themselves from the sensitive subject and situation, to maintain their role as leaders. We conducted six interviews with leaders who often convey difficult messages in their daily work. The interviews were based on a semi- structured interview guide. The interview results were analyzed with the help of George H. Mead´s role-taking theory and his concept of "I" and "Me", and Erving Goffman´s dramaturgical perspective and impression management concept. The theories and concepts contributed to a deeper understanding of leaders´ experiences regarding difficult conversations. According to the results, the leaders seem to practice Role-taking in their everyday work, to be able to distance themselves from the sensitive subject and avoid getting too emotionally involved. Impression management also appears to be a useful tool that leaders use in order to control the situation during the difficult conversation. Communication, both verbal and non-verbal communication is something that is perceived by the leaders, to have an impact on the impression that the employee gets during the difficult conversations. Adapting the leaders´ ways of communication can therefore help to influence, and regulate the experience, impression and reaction the employee will have. / I denna kvalitativa studie undersöker vi ledares erfarenheter av svåra samtal i arbetslivet, om dessa intar en annan roll vid svåra samtal samt på vilket sätt kommunikationen kan påverka ledarskapet under samtalet. Vi undersökte även vilken betydelse distansering har för att lyckas behålla sin roll som ledare. Vi har genomfört 6 intervjuer med ledare som ofta förmedlar svåra budskap i sitt arbete. Intervjuerna gjordes utifrån en semistrukturerad intervjuguide. Sedan analyserades resultatet med hjälp av George H. Meads teori om rollövertagande och begreppen den generaliserade andre, I och Me. Samt Erving Goffmans teori om den dramaturgiska handlingsmodellen och begreppet intrycksstyrning. Teorierna och begreppen bidrog till en djupare förståelse av ledares erfarenheter av svåra samtal. Rollövertagande verkar enligt resultaten vara något som ledarna utövar, för att enklare kunna utföra sitt arbete och distansera sig, för att inte bli för emotionellt engagerad. Intrycksstyrning verkar också vara ett användbart verktyg som ledare använder sig av för att styra situationen under samtalet. Kommunikation, både verbal och icke-verbal uppfattas ha en påverkan på intrycket som medarbetaren får. Anpassning av ledarens sätt att kommunicera på kan hjälpa till att styra och reglera medarbetarens intryck och reaktion.

Syftet med studien var att belysa och analysera förekomsten samt betydelsen av ytliga samtal för äldre. Syftet var också att undersöka vilken betydelse ytliga samtal kan ha i äldres vardag och om det kan bidra till att skapa sociala gemenskaper. Utifrån syftet har studien haft följande frågeställningar: Hur kan ytliga samtal beskrivas och vad förmedlas i dessa samtal? Vilken betydelse har platsen för att skapa ytliga samtal? Hur kan ytliga samtal och platsen tillsammans bidra till att skapa sociala gemenskaper för äldre? Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och den vetenskapsteoretiska utgångspunkten är kritisk realism. Det empiriska material är inhämtat på en kommunalt driven lunchrestaurang. Sju deltagande observationer har genomförts, med cirka fyra informella intervjuer vid varje observationstillfälle. Vidare har fyra formella intervjuer genomförts, dessa har varit kvalitativa intervjuer; en kombination mellan semistrukturerad och ostrukturerad intervju. I samband med observationerna har dessa dokumenteras genom fältanteckningar, dessutom har alla formella intervjuer transkriberats. Respondenterna är män i åldrarna 40-90 år som lever ensamma i eget boende. Studiens resultat visar att det finns utvecklade sociala relationer på restaurangen som kan kategoriseras som tunna nätverksband. Resultatet visar också hur dessa sociala relationer kommer till uttryck och betydelsen av dessa nätverksband i förhållande till platsen. Resultaten har analyserats i förhållande till studiens teoretiska ram och tidigare forskning. Studiens slutsatser är att det ytliga samtalet har en betydelse för äldre att skapa sociala gemenskaper. Det visar även på att platsen har en betydelse, både ställt som sig själv men även i samverkan med det ytliga samtalet, för att skapa dessa gemenskaper. Platsen bidrar till att tunna nätverksband utvecklas och det ytliga samtalet bidrar till denna utveckling och håller dessa sociala relationer levande. En ökad förståelse om det ytliga samtalets betydelse skulle i socialpedagogiskt arbete kunna bidra till att hitta nya vägar för att förebygga socialt utanförskap och i arbetet med att utveckla mötesplatser för äldre. / The purpose of the study was to illustrate and analyze the occurrence and meaning of superficial conversation for senior citizens. The purpose was also to investigate what meaning superficial conversations can have regarding everyday life for the elderly and if it can contribute in creating social communities. Based on the objective of the study the following questions were formed: How can superficial conversations be described and what can be conveyed in these conversations? Of what importance is the place in creating superficial conversation? How can superficial conversation in conjunction with the place contribute to establishing social communities for the elderly? The study has a qualitative approach and the scientifically theoretical standpoint is critical realism. The empirical material has been gathered from a municipally driven diner. Seven participating observations has been conducted, where around four informal interviews have been conducted for every observation session. Furthermore four formal interviews were conducted; these have been qualitative interviews; a combination of semistructured and unstructured interviewing. Field notes were taken in conjunction to the observations and all formal interviews have been transcribed. The respondents are men in the ages 40-90 years old, living alone in private properties. The results of the study demonstrates that there are developed social relations at the restaurant which can be categorized as thin ties. The results also display how these social relations are expressed and the meaning of these thin ties in relation to the place. The results have been analyzed in relation to the studies theoretical framework and previous research. The conclusion is that the superficial conversation has a deeper meaning as a means for the elderly to create social communities. It also shows that the place is important, both in itself but also in conjunction with superficial conversation to help create these communities. The place is a contributing factor in the development of thin ties and superficial conversation nourishes this development and keeps these social relations alive. An increased understanding regarding the importance of superficial conversation would facilitate the social pedagogical work for finding new ways of preventing social exclusion and in the development of social meeting places for elderly people.