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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
661

På nåt sätt växer man ju eller man lär sig ju nånting. En studie om hur skolan och dess pedagoger i de lägre årskullarna hanterar sorgarbete / In some way one grows orone learns something. A study about how the school and it’s educationalists in the lower levels manage working with grief.

Strand, Stefan, Svensson, Jonas January 2004 (has links)
Vårt arbete riktar in sig på hur skolor och pedagoger hanterar sorgliga och traumatiska händelser som kan drabba någon på skolan eller någon nära anhörig till en skolelev. De frågeställningar vi försöker besvara i arbetet är: Vilket stöd i handlingsplanen har pedagogen för att hantera klassrumssituationen vid traumatiska händelser? Finns det handlingsplaner för sorgarbete i kommuner och skolor? Vilka reaktioner kan uppstå hos barn när de drabbas av traumatiska händelser? Vad kan det stå i handlingsplanerna? Använder pedagogerna handlingsplanen? Vi har intervjuat pedagoger för att ta reda på hur de hanterar klassrumssituationen när sorg drabbar skolan. I undersökningen har vi valt att via enkät fråga ett antal kommuner hur deras skolor hanterar sorgarbetet, om de har tillsett att skolorna har handlingsplan, vilka direktiv de ger skolorna angående dessa frågor. De frågor som ställts har utgått från följande händelser: elevs förälder eller syskon går bort, elev i klassen avlider eller en lärare på skolan dör. Elev i klassen avlider var det ingen av de intervjuade pedagogerna som hade varit med om. Vårt resultat visar att de intervjuade pedagogerna ofta agerar i enlighet med vad den forskning, som studerats i denna uppsats, säger att man ska göra. De handlingsplaner som undersökts synes också samstämmiga med stora delar av den litteratur vi läst inom området, speciellt de olika reaktionsfaser, som drabbade går igenom, vilka redogörs för i arbetet. De slutsatser som dras är att skolorna har ett väl fungerande sorghanteringsarbete som på en del håll kanske behöver struktureras lite ytterligare.
662

Nordea Liv och Pension under finanskris

Öngörur, Seyithan, Yari, Adnan January 2010 (has links)
Title: Nordea Life and Pension during financial crisis   Subject: Business administration, Candidate thesis 15 p.   Authors: Seyithan Öngörur och Adnan Yari   Instructor: Peter Lindberg   Date: 2010-01-13   Key words: Nordea, the financial crisis, advice, marketing, customer relationship   Purpose: The purpose of the study is to provide an understanding of how the financial crisis has affected Nordea Life and Pensions market growth based on market share. We also want to give an understanding of what factors may be responsible for the outcome that it may be helpful in future financial crises.   Method: A qualitative study was the basis for the study, where three interviews were carried out by the respondents from Nordea Life and Pension.   Theory: In this section we have focused on relevant theory and has divided them into different themes, advice, current legislation, marketing, consumption and buying behavior.   Conclusion: The study shows that Nordea Life and Pension had a positive growth during the financial crisis and a number of factors are presented that may be the basis for the outcome. Proposal for further research: Since this study was limited to one company it may be intresting to investigate and examine the consuling industry market as a whole affected by the financial crisis.   Contributions: This paper has provided an understanding of how Nordea Life and Pensions affected during a financial crisis, based on market share and the factors that may have been the basis for this. / Titel: Nordea Liv och Pension under finanskris   Ämne: Företagsekonomi, kandidatuppsats 15 hp, C-nivå   Författare: Seyithan Öngörur och Adnan Yari   Handledare: Peter Lindberg   Datum: 2010-01-13   Nyckelord: Nordea, Finanskris, rådgivning, marknadsföring, relationsmarknadsföring   Syfte: Syftet med undersökning är att ge en förståelse för hur finanskrisen har påverkat Nordea Liv och Pensions tillväxt på marknaden, baserat på marknadsandelar. Vi vill också ge en förståelse för vilka faktorer som kan ligga bakom utfallet som därmed kan vara till hjälp vid framtida finanskriser. Metod: En kvalitativ studie har varit i grund för undersökningen, där tre intervjuer har genomförts av respondenter från Nordea Liv och Pension. Teori: I detta avsnitt har vi fokuserat på relevant teori och har delat upp dessa i olika teman, rådgivning, rådande lagstiftning, marknadsföring, konsumtions- och inköpsbeteende. Slutsats: Studien visar att Nordea Liv och Pension haft en positiv tillväxtfas under finanskris och ett antal faktorer presenteras som kan vara till grund för utfallet. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Då denna undersökning begränsades till ett företag kan det vara idé att vidareforska och undersöka hur rådgivningsbranschen i sin helhet påverkats av den globala krisen. Uppsatsens bidrag: Uppsatsen har gett en förståelse för hur Nordea Liv och Pension påverkats under en finanskris, baserat på marknadsandelar och vilka faktorer som kan ha varit till grund för detta.
663

Regulation Theory And Economic Crises: The Cases Of Greece And Turkey

Uctug, Cagan 01 December 2012 (has links) (PDF)
This thesis analyzes the economic crises of recent years through the lens of the Regulation Theory. It focuses on the Greek Crisis of 2009 and the Turkish Financial Crises of 2000 and 2001. Furthermore it also analyzes the crisis in the United States to give a better grounding for the current crises. The thesis tries to answer the questions of whether or not Regulation Theory proves to be a sufficient tool for analyzing these crises and whether or not these fit the definition of crisis that the Regulation Theory puts forward. It is argued that Regulation Theory explains to a great extent both the causes and the structure of the crises.
664

Hos  rörmokaren finns de sämsta rören : En kvalitativ fallstudie om sociala mediers betydelse för reklam- och kommunikationsbyråer vid kriskommunikation / The plumbers’ pipes are the worst

Degaardt, Eric, Demirtok, Dennis January 2013 (has links)
Problem: Companies are becoming more active in social media. They usechannels such as Facebook, to communicate and interact with theirenvironment. In connection with this, companies must also be prepared todeal with crises in social media. Previous research shows no clear guidelineson how companies can work in social media to prevent crises. Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study is to examine how companiesin the communications industry can work with Facebook to prevent crises.We hope that our study can provide new perspectives and guidance on howcompanies can work with emergency communication for prevention. Methodology: We used a qualitative research to arrive at our results. Thismeant we got an insight into the complex world that companies are workingin. We interviewed six companies working in the communications industry.The material has been analyzed and reviewed in accordance with acceptedpractices. Conclusions: By analyzing the empirical material, we found out manyinteresting results. The results show that the companies we investigated arenot working to prevent crises in social media to any great extent. They ratheruses social media for marketing and commercial purposes. Companies needto develop strategies that can prevent crises from occurring
665

Prozeßstrukturen der Jugenddelinquenz / Empirische Beiträge zur Pädagogischen Kriminologie und Ableitungen für die Interventionspraxis

Enke, Thomas 01 October 2001 (has links) (PDF)
The dissertation offers two main topics: To the first an empirical study of the structures of development of juvenile delinquency and to the second an educational concept for interventiones at juvenile deliquency, enriched by practical experiencies and that empirical study. With that a contribution to the pedagogical crimonology should be given. An essential part of the dissertation represents a qualitative longitudinal study. Investigated are the ways of young persons into deliquency and how they succeed in coming back to a conformable style of life. A main attention is directed on typical patterns of treatments and copings of the young persons. Four youthfull action-types are discovered. The episodes of juvenile deliquency turn out differently in dependence to the respective action-type. Both the motives for the deliquent behavior and the ones to refrain from such behavior are mainly determined by the action-types. Corresponding differences can also be shown in regard to the typical reaction manners on interventions and in regard to the acceptance and the effect of supports. The reference to the deliquent behavior might be therefore not arbitrary. Following Nohl and Bönisch the importance and effectiveness of the pedagocical reference and pedagogical relation are emphasized. The manifestation of deliquency can be counteracted with an appropriate pedagogical intervention. These considerations lead to conceptional and methodilogical derivations for the practice of interventions. The intervention-paradox and the necessary differentiation between person and offence are also taken in consideration. / Die Dissertation leistet zweierlei: Zum einen eine empirische Studie zu den Verlaufsstrukturen von Jugenddelinquenz und zum anderen ein aus Praxiserfahrungen und durch die empirische Studie bereichertes pädagogisches Interventionskonzept bei Jugenddelinquenz. Damit soll ein Beitrag zur pädagogischen Kriminologie geleistet werden. Das Kernstück stellt eine qualitative Längsschnittstudie dar. Untersucht werden die Wege junger Menschen in die Delinquenz und wie es ihnen gelingt, in ein konformes Leben zurückzukehren. Ein Hauptaugenmerk richtet sich dabei auf typische Verarbeitungs- und Bewältigungsmuster der Jugendlichen. Dabei lassen sich vier jugendliche Handlungstypen vorfinden. Die Episoden der Jugenddelinquenz gestalten sich in Abhängigkeit zu den jeweiligen Handlungstypen unterschiedlich. Sowohl die Motive für das delinquente Handeln als auch die Beweggründe, von diesem wieder Abstand zu nehmen, werden maßgeblich vom Handlungstyp bestimmt. Entsprechende Unterschiede können auch für die typischen Reaktionsweisen auf Interventionen und für die Akzeptanz und die Auswirkungen von Unterstützungen aufgezeigt werden. Die Bezugnahme auf das delinquente Verhalten darf also nicht beliebig sein. Im Anschluß an Nohl und Böhnisch wird die Wichtigkeit und Verhaltenswirksamkeit des pädagogischen Bezuges und der pädagogischen Beziehung hervorgehoben. Der Verfestigung der Delinquenz kann mit einer angemessenen pädagogischen Intervention entgegengewirkt werden. Diese Überlegungen münden in konzeptionelle und methodische Ableitungen für die Interventionspraxis. Betrachtet wird das Interventionsparadox und die notwendige Trennung zwischen Person und Delikt.
666

Dubai, debt, and dependency : the political and economic implications of the bailout of Dubai

Frasca, Alexandra Marguerite 12 July 2011 (has links)
The goal of this thesis is to identify the main political and economic implications of Dubai’s debt crisis and subsequent bailout by her wealthier and more powerful sister emirate Abu Dhabi. This paper examines the implications of the bailout of Dubai on two levels: Dubai’s relationship with Abu Dhabi and Dubai’s relationship with the international investment community. The paper first provides a brief background on Dubai, one of the seven emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and discusses Dubai’s key characteristics that helped give Dubai her nickname Dubai Inc. – an opportune location, the Al-Maktoum ruling family, and state-led entrepreneurship. It then discusses Dubai’s historically competitive relationship with Abu Dhabi and Dubai’s push to diversify economically away from oil. The paper outlines two key economic developments – the rise of Dubai’s real estate and tourism sectors and the creation of Dubai’s government-related enterprises (GREs), which helped finance the real estate bubble. This thesis suggests that Abu Dhabi now holds unquestionable power over Dubai and can control Dubai’s GREs and their subsidiaries such as Dubai World. This paper also argues that the international investment community will demand increased transparency and higher standards of corporate governance of Dubai’s businesses in light of the entrenched poor practices that the bailout exposed within the tiny-city state's GREs and companies. / text
667

Διοίκηση συγκρούσεων, ηγεσία και συναισθηματική νοημοσύνη στις ομάδες διαχείρισης κρίσεων

Γαρδίκη, Αντιόπη 09 October 2014 (has links)
Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία αποτελεί μια προσπάθεια διερεύνησης της Συναισθηματικής Νοημοσύνης, της Ηγεσίας και της Διοίκησης Συγκρούσεων σε Ομάδες Διαχείρισης Κρίσεων (ΟΔΚ) και πώς όλα τα παραπάνω διαμορφώνονται με βάση τη χρονική στιγμή σε σχέση με την κρίση, δηλαδή τι ισχύει πριν, κατά τη διάρκεια και μετά την κρίση. Στην εμπειρική έρευνα που πραγματοποιήθηκε χρησιμοποιήθηκαν 117 δομημένα ερωτηματολόγια τα οποία συμπληρώθηκαν από στελέχη που είχαν συμμετάσχει τουλάχιστον μια φορά σε ΟΔΚ. Tο μεγαλύτερο ποσοστό των συμμετεχόντων στην έρευνα προέρχεται από τα Σώματα Ασφαλείας (Αστυνομία, Πυροσβεστική, Λιμενικό). Επίσης συμμετείχαν μέλη ΟΔΚ από Υπουργεία, Οργανισμούς του Ευρύτερου Δημοσίου Τομέα και Ένοπλες Δυνάμεις. Η παρούσα έρευνα οδήγησε σε ενδιαφέροντα συμπεράσματα, αναδεικνύοντας τους παράγοντες εκείνους που επηρεάζουν σημαντικά τη διαχείριση κρίσεων από τις εργασιακές ομάδες. Η διαχείριση κρίσεων αποτελεί μια δυναμική διαδικασία αλληλένδετων φάσεων, όπου η μια επηρεάζει την άλλη σημαντικά, καθορίζοντας σε μεγάλο βαθμό την εξέλιξή της. Παρατηρούμε λοιπόν ότι όταν η κάθε οργάνωση έχει την ικανότητα να εντοπίσει έγκαιρα τα σημάδια της επερχόμενης κρίσης, αυτό οδηγεί στην καλύτερη αντιμετώπισή της κατά τη δεύτερη φάση και εν συνεχεία όσο πιο αποτελεσματική είναι η αντιμετώπιση κατά τη δεύτερη φάση τόσο πιο γρηγορα θα επιστρέψει ο οργανισμός σε ομαλή λειτουργία. Συγκεκριμένα εξετάζοντας τη φάση πριν την κρίση καταλήγουμε στο συμπέρασμα ότι η φάση αυτή εξαρτάται σημαντικά από την κατηγορία της κρίσης που ξεσπά στην οργάνωση. Oι δυσεπίλυτες κρίσεις επηρεάζουν σε πολύ μεγάλο βαθμό την ανίχνευση, την πρόληψη και την προετοιμασία για την αντιμετώπιση τους, δηλαδή τη φάση πριν την κρίση, ενώ με ένα μικρότερο ποσοστό ακολουθούν οι συνηθισμένες κρίσεις. Έτσι καταλήγουμε στο ότι αυτοί οι τύποι κρίσεων διευκολύνουν τη Δημόσια Διοίκηση να είναι σε θέση να αναγνωρίζει πιθανά σημάδια έλευσής τους, να είναι προετοιμασμένη και να έχει την ικανότητα να τις αποτρέψει εν τη γενέσει. Σε ότι αφορά την αυτοεπίγνωση ως μερος της συναισθηματικής νοημοσύνης του επικεφαλής της ομάδας, θα μπορούσαμε να πούμε ότι με το να έχει ο τελευταίος αυτοεπίγνωση και επίσης να διατηρεί τον έλεγχο των αντιδράσεών του είναι δυνατό να προετοιμάσει την ομάδα του καλύτερα για μια κατάσταση κρίσης. Οι συνηθισμένες κρίσεις όπως και στην πρώτη φάση έτσι και κατά τη διάρκεια της κρίσης επηρεάζουν σημαντικά την αντιμετώπισή της. Επιπρόσθετα οι απρόσμενες κρίσεις φαίνεται να επηρεάζουν αρνητικά την αντιμετώπιση μιας κρίσης, προκαλώντας προβλήματα κατά τη φάση της κρίσης. Επίσης η επικοινωνία του επικεφαλής με τα μέλη της ομάδας του μέσα κυρίως από την ενσυναίσθηση και τις κοινωνικές του δεξιότητες και η ικανότητα του να λαμβάνει γρήγορες αποφάσεις στη διάρκεια της κρίσης συμβάλλει στην συνεργασία. Όσο καλύτερα οι ομάδες διαχειρίζονται τις κρίσεις, τόσο θα διασφαλίζεται η αποκατάσταση της ομαλότητας του οργανισμού και εν συνεχεία η αποκόμιση γνώσης και εμπειρίας. Η συναισθηματική νοημοσύνη και η επικοινωνία του ηγέτη επιδρά θετικά τόσο στην οργανωσιακή μάθηση, όσο και στη διαχείριση του άγχους των μελών της ομάδας. Αναφορικά με τη διοίκηση συγκρούσεων στο πλαίσιο της ομάδας αποδεικνύεται ότι η επιλογή της ενσωμάτωσης ή του συμβιβασμού επηρεάζεται σημαντικά από την ικανότητα των μελών της ομάδας να λαμβάνουν αποφάσεις. Όταν η ομάδα είναι προετοιμασμένη σωστά και έχει την ικανότητα να εντοπίσει έγκαιρα τα σημάδια της επερχόμενης κρίσης, αυτό οδηγεί στην επιλογή από το μέλος της ομάδας της εναρμόνισης με τον επικεφαλής ή έστω του συμβιβασμού για τη διαχείριση διαφωνιών. Η ανεπίσημη επικοινωνία μεταξύ των μελών της ομάδας επηρεάζει σε μικρό βαθμό αλλά αρνητικά τον συμβιβασμό μεταξύ των μελών της ομάδας και του επικεφαλής μιας και η προφορική επικοινωνία ή η καταγεγραμμένη ενημέρωση δημιουργούν πολλές φορές εντάσεις και τα άτομα δεν είναι διατεθειμένα να «μοιράσουν τη διαφορά» και να αναλάβουν ευθύνη φτάνοντας σε κοινές αποφάσεις. Σχευικά με τους παράγοντες εκείνους που επηρεάζουν σημαντικά τη διαχείριση κρίσεων δεν συναντήσαμε την αποτελεσματική ηγεσία του επικεφαλής μέσα από την ικανότητα του να εκτιμά πληροφορίες και να λαμβάνει αποφάσεις σε συνθήκες καθημερινής πίεσης και υψηλού ρίσκου καθώς και την βαθύτερη ανάπτυξη της συναισθηματικής του νοημοσύνης σχετικά με τα μέλη της ομάδας. Αυτό συνδέεται σε ορισμένες περιπτώσεις με την έλλειψη ή/και τοποθέτηση μη κατάλληλων στελεχών ικανών να ηγηθούν ομάδων σε συνθήκες κρίσης. Η αναπολεσματική διοίκηση σε πολλές περιπτώσεις ειδικά σε θέματα οργανωσιακών αλλαγών (δομές, διαδικασίες) ενισχύεται από την οργανωσιακή κουλτούρα καθώς και τους περιορισμούς από το πολιτικό και οικονομικό περιβάλλον (κεντρική διακυβέρνηση, μνημόνια). / This study aims to investigate the relationships between Emotional Intelligence, Leadership and Conflict Management in Crisis Management Teams (CMT). Participants were 117 individulas involved in CMT working at various fuctional units and different hierarchical levels in Police Force, Fire Service, Public Health Care organizations, Ministries and Army forces. This study contributes to our understanding of the defining factors that lead to successful crisis handling by teams. Crisis Management is a dynamic process that consists of three related stages: pre crisis, crisis and post crisis stage. Results provide support for the model since signal detection and preparation leads organization to a better response during crisis stage and subsequently to recovery in post crisis stage. Predictability of the crisis (intractable, conventional crises) is positively associated with handling during pre crisis stage. Also, leaders’ intrapersonal competencies (self awareness, self regulation) help them in order to face a crisis situation effectively on team basis. Research findings indicate that conventional crises are also related positively with appropriate handling during crisis stage. On the other hand, unexpected crises have a negative impact on crisis management process since public administration is not well prepared for the prescribed type of crisis. Overall leader-team member communication using interpersonal competencies (empathy, social skills) contributes effectively to cooperation. Team leader’s communication with members also enhance organizational learning during post crisis stage. On another but related issue crisis management is a group decision-making process. Results suggest that team members’ ability to make decisions is associated positively with the utilization of integrating or comprosing as conflict management style. Especially when CMT follows signal detection, prevention and crisis preparation, members have the willingness to integrate goals or to compromise with supervisor in order to reach a positive outcome for teamwork. Crisis leadership is another crucial factor for effective handling. According to empirical findings CMT leader’s ability in public administration to assess information and make decisions in the face of ambiguity, high stakes, and urgency is limited. Poor management in some cases maybe is due to internal factors (lack of human resources, selection process, organizational culture) as well as external factors (political leadership, economic crisis).
668

Millenniebubblan : Vilka faktorer hade betydelse för dess utveckling? / Bubble Trouble : Which factors caused the rise of the millennium bubble?

Stany, Linda, Söderberg, Anna January 2006 (has links)
Every tenth year a financial crisis tend to interfere with an economy. Price bubbles with an accompanying market plunge are therefore not a new phenomenon. Such market disruptions have been causing problems for centuries, as history has a tendency to repeat itself. The intention with this study is to learn more about the bubble phenomenon and increase the knowledge in this area in order to, if possible, prevent such a thing from happening again. The purpose of the essay is to identify factors that significantly affected the development of the so called IT-bubble in Sweden and Finland during the years of 1995-2000. The previous purpose can be divided into two sub-purposes, namely; to point out which financial theory/theories that succeeds the best to explain the development of the IT-bubble, and additionally; to detect factors that can help us foreseeing similar scenarios in the future. The study concentrates on Sweden and Finland. Furthermore, only stock market bubbles are studied. As a consequence, other types of financial crises, for example bank crises, are excluded from this study. The method used to answer the first sub-purpose is an analysis of financial theories which enables us to find factors that according to theory could have caused the rise of the price bubble. In order to answer the second sub-purpose we take use of a statistical method. We have designed a statistical model based on the results of previous mentioned analysis. In this model we try the relevance of the detected factors from the theoretical analysis in order to investigate if theory manages to explain the birth of a stock market bubble. The result of our study has generated four different factors; macro economic; institutional; psychological and asymmetric information. These four categories showed importance for the development of the IT-bubble in Sweden and Finland. Out of the four factors, the psychological factor is said to be the most important, but in the mean time the hardest one to predict. The statistical model indicates that the number of bankruptcies, the total amount of household’s borrowing and results from attitude surveys in the case of Sweden, and the number of bankruptcies, new registrations of cars and finally consumers attitude towards making a big purchase at present, in the case of Finland are variables to be aware of when looking out for a stock market bubble. The statistical model, as pointed out in the study, is not perfect. Additional studies are necessary to confirm the results presented in this report. / Finansiella kriser tenderar att drabba ekonomin med ungefär tio års intervaller. Prisbubblor med tillhörande djupdykning på marknaden är således inget nytt fenomen. Denna störning i marknadsharmonin har funnits under flertalet sekler och historien har en benägenhet att upprepa sig. Bakgrunden till studien är således att öka förståelsen för bubbelfenomenet och att, om det är möjligt, förhindra att det händer igen. Syftet med studien är att påvisa faktorer som har haft signifikant betydelse för den så kallade IT-bubblans utveckling i Sverige och Finland under åren 1995-2000. Det övergripande syftet kan vidare indelas i två delsyften, vars mål dels är att påvisa vilken eller vilka finansiella teorier som bäst förklarar IT-bubblans utveckling, dels hitta faktorer som kan hjälpa oss att förutse likartade scenarier i framtiden. Studien fokuserar på länderna Sverige och Finland, och avgränsar sig därmed från övriga länder. Vidare studeras enbart börsbubblor och fall, varför övriga typer av finansiella kriser, så som exempelvis bankkriser utesluts. Metoden för att besvara det första delsyftet är att göra en analys av finansiella teorier för att lyfta fram faktorer som enligt dem kan ha haft avgörande betydelse för bubblans uppbyggnad. Metoden för det andra delsyftet är att bygga en statistisk modell med hjälp av de faktorer som resulterat av ovan nämnda analys, för att pröva deras relevans. Resultatet av vår studie har genererat en grupp bestående av fyra olika faktorer; makroekonomiska, institutionella, psykologiska faktorer och asymmetrisk information som bäst förklarar IT-bubblans uppkomst. Av dessa är den psykologiska faktorn den viktigaste, och samtidigt också den svåraste att förutsäga. Det är framförallt teorierna inom ”behavioural finance” som fokuserar på psykologiska effekter, varför de bäst förklarar händelseförloppet under IT-bubblan. Den statistiska modellen indikerar att antalet konkurser, hushållens totala utlåning och resultatet av samhällsekonomiska attitydundersökningar i fallet Sverige, samt antalet konkurser, nyregistrering av bilar, och slutligen konsumenternas attityd till stora köp och till att ta lån för tillfället, i fallet Finland, är variabler som vi kan vara uppmärksamma på för att försöka förutse börsbubblor. Den statistiska modellen är, som poängteras i arbetet, inte fulländad utan ytterligare studier fordras för att belägga detta ytterligare.
669

Millenniebubblan : Vilka faktorer hade betydelse för dess utveckling / Bubble Trouble : Which factors caused the rise of the millennium bubble?

Stany, Linda, Söderberg, Anna January 2006 (has links)
Finansiella kriser tenderar att drabba ekonomin med ungefär tio års intervaller. Prisbubblor med tillhörande djupdykning på marknaden är således inget nytt fenomen. Denna störning i marknadsharmonin har funnits under flertalet sekler och historien har en benägenhet att upprepa sig. Bakgrunden till studien är således att öka förståelsen för bubbelfenomenet och att, om det är möjligt, förhindra att det händer igen. Syftet med studien är att påvisa faktorer som har haft signifikant betydelse för den så kallade IT-bubblans utveckling i Sverige och Finland under åren 1995-2000. Det övergripande syftet kan vidare indelas i två delsyften, vars mål dels är att påvisa vilken eller vilka finansiella teorier som bäst förklarar IT-bubblans utveckling, dels hitta faktorer som kan hjälpa oss att förutse likartade scenarier i framtiden. Studien fokuserar på länderna Sverige och Finland, och avgränsar sig därmed från övriga länder. Vidare studeras enbart börsbubblor och fall, varför övriga typer av finansiella kriser, så som exempelvis bankkriser utesluts. Metoden för att besvara det första delsyftet är att göra en analys av finansiella teorier för att lyfta fram faktorer som enligt dem kan ha haft avgörande betydelse för bubblans uppbyggnad. Metoden för det andra delsyftet är att bygga en statistisk modell med hjälp av de faktorer som resulterat av ovan nämnda analys, för att pröva deras relevans. Resultatet av vår studie har genererat en grupp bestående av fyra olika faktorer; makroekonomiska, institutionella, psykologiska faktorer och asymmetrisk information som bäst förklarar IT-bubblans uppkomst. Av dessa är den psykologiska faktorn den viktigaste, och samtidigt också den svåraste att förutsäga. Det är framförallt teorierna inom ”behavioural finance” som fokuserar på psykologiska effekter, varför de bäst förklarar händelseförloppet under IT-bubblan. Den statistiska modellen indikerar att antalet konkurser, hushållens totala utlåning och resultatet av samhällsekonomiska attitydundersökningar i fallet Sverige, samt antalet konkurser, nyregistrering av bilar, och slutligen konsumenternas attityd till stora köp och till att ta lån för tillfället, i fallet Finland, är variabler som vi kan vara uppmärksamma på för att försöka förutse börsbubblor. Den statistiska modellen är, som poängteras i arbetet, inte fulländad utan ytterligare studier fordras för att belägga detta ytterligare. / Every tenth year a financial crisis tend to interfere with an economy. Price bubbles with an accompanying market plunge are therefore not a new phenomenon. Such market disruptions have been causing problems for centuries, as history has a tendency to repeat itself. The intention with this study is to learn more about the bubble phenomenon and increase the knowledge in this area in order to, if possible, prevent such a thing from happening again. The purpose of the essay is to identify factors that significantly affected the development of the so called IT-bubble in Sweden and Finland during the years of 1995-2000. The previous purpose can be divided into two sub-purposes, namely; to point out which financial theory/theories that succeeds the best to explain the development of the IT-bubble, and additionally; to detect factors that can help us foreseeing similar scenarios in the future. The study concentrates on Sweden and Finland. Furthermore, only stock market bubbles are studied. As a consequence, other types of financial crises, for example bank crises, are excluded from this study. The method used to answer the first sub-purpose is an analysis of financial theories which enables us to find factors that according to theory could have caused the rise of the price bubble. In order to answer the second sub-purpose we take use of a statistical method. We have designed a statistical model based on the results of previous mentioned analysis. In this model we try the relevance of the detected factors from the theoretical analysis in order to investigate if theory manages to explain the birth of a stock market bubble. The result of our study has generated four different factors; macro economic; institutional; psychological and asymmetric information. These four categories showed importance for the development of the IT-bubble in Sweden and Finland. Out of the four factors, the psychological factor is said to be the most important, but in the mean time the hardest one to predict. The statistical model indicates that the number of bankruptcies, the total amount of household’s borrowing and results from attitude surveys in the case of Sweden, and the number of bankruptcies, new registrations of cars and finally consumers attitude towards making a big purchase at present, in the case of Finland are variables to be aware of when looking out for a stock market bubble. The statistical model, as pointed out in the study, is not perfect. Additional studies are necessary to confirm the results presented in this report.
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Reconceptualizing crisis : an exploration of the domestic crisis rhetoric genre across presidencies

Bergmaier, Michael J. 07 July 2011 (has links)
This thesis examines three case studies in presidential rhetoric in order to explore the genre of domestic crisis rhetoric as defined by Theodore O. Windt (1990). Windt (1986) notes the impressive scholarship on the rhetoric of war and international crises, but also laments the “neglect” of research into “equally significant speeches on domestic „crises,‟ especially those concerned with economic issues” (p. 104). Windt (1990) proposes a generic model that views domestic crisis rhetoric through a dialectic lens that explores how the discourse defines the president‟s policy and how it depicts the policy of the president‟s opponents. This study examines three of the most important presidential rhetorical texts on domestic issues of the last 50 years, each by a different president and each addressing a different domestic political issue – Barack Obama‟s September 9, 2009 address on health care reform, George W. Bush‟s September 19 and September 24, 2008 speeches on the financial crisis, and Lyndon Johnson‟s call for a “war on poverty” in his January 8, 1964 State of the Union address – with the goal of testing the generalizability of the genre across time and gaining a better understanding of how presidents respond to – and create – exigency through rhetoric. / Introduction and overview -- Literature review -- Method -- Barack Obama and health care reform -- George W. Bush and the financial crisis -- Lyndon Johnson and the "war on poverty" -- Conclusions. / Access to thesis permanently restricted to Ball State community only / Department of Communication Studies

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