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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
141

Um estudo sobre o processo de transmissão cultural / An study about the cultural transmission process

Djalma Francisco Costa Lisboa de Freitas 27 June 2013 (has links)
Buscamos discutir e identificar os efeitos de três mecanismos de transmissão cultural utilizados pelos participantes em 4 arranjos experimentais: Arranjo Experimental I: a) contato com os materiais produzidos pelas gerações prévias; b) contato com a geração prévia na coparticipação e; c) contato com as gerações prévias através da observação Arranjo Experimental II: contato com os materiais produzidos pelas gerações prévias; Arranjo Experimental III: ) contato com as gerações prévias através da observação e; Arranjo Experimental IV: contato com a geração prévia na coparticipação. Os participantes tiveram de desenhar um Barco em três situações distintas. Cada situação foi identificada como: Fase A, B e C. Desenvolvemos entrevistas curtas nos intervalos de cada fase com vistas a identificar construções de significados de cada participante frente ao que os tocaram nas tarefas. Nosso estudo partiu de uma reorganização do projeto desenvolvido por Caldwell e Millen (2008) onde as autoras buscaram, desde um olhar evolucionista da cultura, identificar a perpetuação de produtos das atividades ao longo das gerações de participantes. Diferentemente de Caldwell e Millen, partimos de uma proposta teórico-metodológica advinda da disciplina nomeada como Psicologia Cultural onde se pretende estudar, discutir e se posicionar perante as complexas relações que as pessoas estabelecem consigo, com os outros e com a cultural em seu mundo, nesta perspectiva as novidades emergentes nas relações ganham maiores destaque em comparação com as regularidades e perpetuações. Com isso, consideramos neste estudo a cultura como sendo estruturas (estabilidades) e processos interativos (variações) que restringem e permitem as ações das pessoas em suas relações transformativas que são estabelecidas em seus mundo. É nesta medida, também, que compreendemos o processo de transmissão cultural como um constructo utilizado para estudarmos como as pessoas apreendem e transformam aspectos culturais de uma geração a outra. Como sínteses dos principais resultados destacamos que: 1) na interação indivíduo(s)-cultura(s) existe uma constate variação possibilitando, restringindo e permitindo a emergência de estabilidades e variações em dinâmicas bidirecionais e multidirecionais de transformação; 2) a observação da geração prévia e o contato com estas gerações através dos artefatos produzidos por elas promovem nítidas estabilidades nas produções e significações dadas pelos participantes da pesquisa em comparação com tarefas realizadas somente em coparticipação; 3) pudemos identificar a emergência de novidades, ora sutis, ora outra, bastante evidentes nas relações estabelecidas entre os participantes; 4) a relação participante-pesquisador-pesquisa ganha dimensões e implicações que merecem maior atenção no estudo de processos culturais, desde metodologias experimentais, em Psicologia Cultural. Portanto, notamos que a forma proposta neste estudo acerca de como vislumbrar a cultura e os caminhos teórico-metodológicos seguidos permitiu-nos trabalhar conceitualmente e experimentalmente sobre o processo de transmissão cultural e, portanto, sobre o estudo de processos culturais. Pudemos observar que além de nos dar indícios de que o processo de transmissão cultural garante a singularidade de cada cultura através da observação da geração prévia em ação, da coparticipação com ela e do contato com artefatos culturais (em diferentes graus e medidas), esta pesquisa nos permitiu questionar e cogitar estudos futuros sobre o fazer científicoexperimental em psicologia cultural / The interest of this research is to discuss and identify the effects of three cultural transmission mechanisms used by participants in 4 experimental arrangements: Experimental Arrangement I: a) contact with the materials produced by tradition; b) contact with the tradition of co-participation, and c) contact with the tradition through observation; Experimental Arrangement II: contact with the materials produced by tradition; Experimental Arrangement III: Contact with the tradition through observation and; Experimental Arrangement IV: Contact with the tradition through co-participation. The participants had to draw a \'boat\' in three different situations. Each situation has been identified as: Phase A, B and C. Interviews were carried out in short intervals of each phase in order to identify constructions meanings, variations and stabilities concerning the interpretation given by each participant in relation to what was noticed in the tasks. Our study was a reorganization of the project developed by Caldwell and Millen (2008) where the authors sought from a cultural evolutionary perspective, identifying the perpetuation of products of activities throughout the generations of participants. Unlike Caldwell and Millen, we from a theoretical and methodological proposal coming from the discipline called Cultural Psychology where intends to study, discuss and understand the complex relationships, in which, people establish themselves, with others and with the world in its cultural field, in this perspective the emergence of novelties in relations gain greater prominence compared to the regularities and perpetuations. Thus, in this study weve considered culture as structures (stabilities) and interactive processes (variations) that constrain and enable the actions of people in their transformative relationships that are established in their world. Also, Cultural transmission is a construct used to understand the process in which cultural aspects are apprehended by people that interact with different cultures or between different generations within a culture. Main Results: 1) the individual(s)-culture(s) relations constraining and enabling the emergence of stability and variations in a dynamic bidirectional and multidirectional process, 2) the observation of the previous generation and contact with these generations through the artifacts produced by they promote more stabilities in products and meanings given by the participants in their tasks in comparison with coparticipation, 3) were able to identify the emergence of novelties, sometimes subtle, sometimes quite evident, in relationships established among the participants, 4) the relationship participantresearcher acquire dimensions and implications that deserve more attention in the study of cultural processes, from experimental methodologies, in Cultural Psychology. Therefore, weve noticed that the form proposed in this study about how to foresee the culture and theoretical-methodological ways followed, allowed us to work conceptually and experimentally on the process of cultural transmission and, therefore, on the study of cultural processes. Weve observed that besides giving us evidence that the process of cultural transmission ensures the uniqueness of each culture through observation of the previous generation in action, the joint participation with it and contact with cultural artifacts (in different degrees and measures), this research allowed us to question and contemplate future studies on the scientific-experimental in cultural psychology
142

Ensinar: \"então, é função de quem?\" Atuação do professor interlocutor na educação de surdos da rede estadual paulista / Teaching: \"then, whose function is this?\" Interlocutor teacher performance in deaf education of São Paulo state public schools

Mara Aparecida de Castilho Lopes 27 April 2015 (has links)
A contratação de professores interlocutores na rede estadual de ensino de São Paulo tem gerado dúvidas sobre sua função no processo educacional de estudantes surdos, pois os documentos estaduais não delimitam sua atuação de forma explícita. Políticas federais estabelecem que surdos inseridos no ensino regular sejam acompanhados por intérpretes de língua de sinais, o que induz à compreensão de que o professor interlocutor deve assumir tal função. A partir dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de identificar a função social do professor interlocutor. A tese é composta por dois estudos: no Estudo 1 analisa-se um material em vídeo, disponibilizado pela Secretaria de Educação para reflexão coletiva da função do professor interlocutor, a fim de identificar o significado social da atividade desse profissional. No Estudo 2 analisamos o processo de atribuição de sentido pessoal à atividade de professor interlocutor, em profissionais atuantes em um município do interior paulista. Foram entrevistados 21 professores interlocutores, individualmente, com apoio de roteiro semiestruturado; os participantes também foram submetidos a uma avaliação de fluência na Língua Brasileira de Sinais. Para a análise dos dados, foram utilizados os seguintes procedimentos: 1) Descrição empírica dos dados; 2) Elaboração de categorias analíticas que permitissem abstrair a realidade concreta; 3) Estabelecimento da unidade de análise da pesquisa; e 4) Retorno à realidade concreta, a fim de explicar o processo analisado. A unidade de análise identificada é a contradição entre as políticas estaduais de São Paulo e as políticas federais, explicada pela lógica excludente do capitalismo, reproduzida na educação escolar. No Estudo 1, a análise dos dados indica que o significado social da atividade do professor interlocutor é ser professor. Entretanto, a análise dos dados do Estudo 2 mostra que tal significado não é compartilhado entre os profissionais que ocupam o cargo. Devido à influência das políticas públicas federais, os professores interlocutores compreendem que devem atuar como intérpretes, o que provoca uma das cisões entre o significado social e o sentido pessoal que atribuem à sua atividade. Tal divergência se torna evidente na perspectiva de educação inclusiva, pois a existência de dois professores na mesma sala de aula implicaria em atividade conjunta dos dois profissionais; ao contrário, foi identificada uma relação de subordinação de um professor a outro, excluindo professor interlocutor e estudante surdo da atividade pedagógica. Da parte da Secretaria da Educação, espera-se que os professores interlocutores assumam função docente na educação do surdo, porém a avaliação linguística realizada com os participantes indica que a maioria dos profissionais contratados não são fluentes na língua de sinais. Defende-se a tese de que o professor interlocutor é professor, devendo, portanto, assumir a atividade de ensino do aluno surdo, de forma consciente e com a finalidade de promover o desenvolvimento pleno dos sujeitos envolvidos. Na compreensão de que a atividade pedagógica caracteriza-se por sua dimensão coletiva, na unidade entre atividade de ensino e de estudo, propõe-se que tanto o professor regente quanto o professor interlocutor empenhem-se na organização do ensino para todos os estudantes, surdos e ouvintes. / Hiring interlocutors teachers in the state system of São Paulo has generated questions about its role in the educational process of deaf students, as state documents not delimit its activities explicitly. Federal policies provide that deaf inserted in regular education are accompanied by sign language interpreters, which leads to the realization that the caller teacher should assume this function. From the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Historical-Cultural Psychology, this study aims to identify the social function of the speaker teacher. The thesis consists of two studies: the Study 1 examined a material in video, made available by the Department of Education for collective reflection interlocutor teacher\'s role in order to identify the social significance of this professional activity. In Study 2 we analyze the process of assigning personal meaning to partner teacher activity, in professional in a city in the interior. We interviewed 21 stakeholders teachers, individually, with support from semi-structured; participants also underwent a fluency assessment in Brazilian Sign Language. For data analysis, the following procedures were used: 1) Description of empirical data; 2) Development of analytical categories that allow abstract the reality; 3) Establishment of the unit of analysis of the research; and 4) return to reality in order to explain the process analyzed. The identified unit of analysis is the contradiction between the state policies of São Paulo and federal policies, explained by the exclusionary logic of capitalism, played in school education. In Study 1, data analysis indicates that the social meaning of interlocutor teacher\'s activity is to be a teacher. However, analysis of the Study 2 data shows that this meaning is not shared among the professionals who hold the office. Due to the influence of the federal public policies, the interlocutors teachers understand that they must act as interpreters, which causes one of the divisions between the social significance and the personal meaning they attach to their activity. This difference is evident in inclusive education perspective, since the existence of two teachers in the same classroom imply joint activity of the two professionals; on the contrary, was identified a relationship of subordination of one teacher to another, excluding interlocutor teacher and deaf student of pedagogical activity. The part of the Department of Education, it is expected that the interlocutors teachers take teaching role in deaf education, but the language assessment conducted with participants indicates that most professional contractors are not fluent in sign language. It defends the thesis that the speaker teacher is a teacher, and must therefore take the education of the deaf student activity, consciously and in order to promote the full development of the subjects involved. On the understanding that the pedagogical activity is characterized by its collective dimension, in the unity between educational activity and study, it is proposed that both the classroom teacher and the speaker teacher to engage in the organization of education for all students, deaf and listeners.
143

De medicações a mediações: avaliação-intervenção psicológica de queixas escolares em casos de diagnóstico de TDAH / From medication to mediation: psichological evaluation-intervenction in case of problems linked with the schooling process defined as ADHD

Braga Pani, Sabrina Gasparetti 08 August 2017 (has links)
A presente tese tem como objeto de estudo a avaliação psicológica no campo da escolarização. Tem por objetivo sistematizar um conjunto de mediações teóricas para avaliação-intervenção do psicólogo em casos de queixa escolar que assegurem a compreensão da queixa em sua multideterminação e sua consequente transformação. Trata-se de um estudo de caso de uma criança com o diagnóstico de transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade (TDAH). Foram realizadas observações domiciliares e entrevistas com os pais, neurologista e psicóloga responsáveis pelo diagnóstico, professoras, coordenadora pedagógica e com a criança para reflexão conjunta sobre o processo de escolarização e as dificuldades vividas em âmbito escolar e familiar. Durante as observações foi realizado um diário de campo e as entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas em sua integralidade. Para a análise dos dados foram identificados eixos descritivos a partir das temáticas mais frequentes nos registros sendo estes traduzidos em eixos analíticos cujos conteúdos conceituais compuseram a sistematização das mediações teóricas para avaliação-intervenção anunciadas no objetivo. Os dados encontrados, analisados à luz do referencial teórico da Psicologia Escolar em uma perspectiva crítica, revelaram um conjunto singular de conceitos mediadores estruturais advindos da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural e conceitos incorporados de demais áreas de conhecimento que possibilitaram a apreensão das multideterminações e a transformação da realidade na qual incidia a queixa escolar. A análise da multideterminação da queixa evidenciou que o diagnóstico de TDAH anteriormente recebido, pautado numa interpretação estritamente biológica das dificuldades enfrentadas pela criança em seu processo de escolarização, reduz a compreensão do fenômeno e dificulta a transformação da realidade no sentido da aproximação de uma singularidade às produções culturais elaboradas pelo gênero humano. A criança encontrou dificuldades em seu desenvolvimento psíquico de forma integral pela falta de mediações intencionalmente organizadas e plenas de sentido que pudessem possibilitar nela as neoformações psíquicas que constituem o seu processo de desenvolvimento que abarca todas as funções psíquicas superiores. Destaca-se para o processo de neoformações o brincar como atividade-guia na infância que exerce um papel central no desenvolvimento das funções psicológicas superiores tais como o pensamento abstrato, a atenção voluntária, a memória, a imaginação, a linguagem oral, a função simbólica da consciência, o afeto. Defendemos a tese de que atuar com os pressupostos da Psicologia Escolar Crítica e com a categoria de análise da dialética singular-particular-universal permite ao psicólogo uma avaliação-intervenção que busca abarcar o sujeito da queixa escolar na sua multideterminação de forma a produzir as condições para a transformação da realidade onde incide a queixa no sentido do acesso dos sujeitos aos bens culturais produzidos pelo gênero humano. Como um desdobramento da tese observamos que a quantidade do conjunto das mediações teóricas utilizadas na análise histórica da queixa possibilita um salto qualitativo em sua compreensão, refletindo a lei do materialismo dialético da transformação da quantidade em qualidade / This research is studying psychologic evaluation in the field of education. It aims to systematize a group of theoretical mediations for evaluation-intervenction of a psychologist in case of schooling problems that will make sure that the comprehension of the problem covers its multiple determination and will then be followed by a transformation. It is the study of a case involving a child with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis. Our field work included home observation and interviews with the parents, with the neurologist and psychologist that were delivering the diagnosis, the teacher, the pedagogical coordinator as well as with the child itself in order to develop a common frame on the educational process as well as on difficulties faced by the child in school and family environment. During the observation period we prepared a field diary, all interviews were recorded and transcribed in their entirety. For analysis we detected empirical descriptions based on more frequents patterns that were then translated in theoretical descriptions that drove us to the systematized theoretical mediations for the evaluation-intervenction process that we defined in the aim of this research. Collected datas were then analyzed on a theoretical approach based on school psychology on a critical perspective revealing a singular group of concepts and structural mediations coming from historical-cultural psychology and from other knowledge areas that allow the identification of multiple determinants and the transformation of the reality on which educational issues arised. The analysis of the multiple determinants of the problem shows that the diagnosis of ADHD received earlier, based on a strictly biological interpretation of the difficulties encountered by the child in his educational process, reduces understanding of the phenomenon and complicates the transformation of reality and the approach of the singular child to the cultural productions elaborated by human beings. The child encountered difficulties in its integral psychic development due to the lack of intentionally organized and meaningful mediations that develop psychological neoformations and could build his developmental process involving all the higher psychic functions. In the process of neoformations, playing is highlighted as a guiding activity in childhood. Play activities has a central role in the development of superior psychological functions such as abstract thinking, voluntary attention, memory, imagination, spoken language, affection and the symbolic function of consciousness. We defend the thesis that the psychologist can act according to the assumptions of critical school psychology and using dialectical-materialistic categorie of singular-particular-universal allows a multidetermined intervention-evaluation on the subject that is manifesting educational problems so as to produce the necessary conditions for the transformation of the reality on which the encountered problem arises, in the meaning of allowing the access to cultural goods produced by humanity. As a complementary effect founded, we can state that the amount of theoretical mediations used in the historical analysis of the problem allows a leap in the quality of its understanding that reflects the law of dialectical materialism, the transformation of quantity into quality
144

Variation och samstämmighet : en studie om hur elever i musikklasser med körinriktning beskriver sång och sin egen röst

Risberg, Ingrid January 2012 (has links)
Elever i musikklasser med körinriktning i grundskolan ingår i en lokalt situerad musikkultur som är formad av traditioner med rötter i förra seklets första hälft. I denna tradition har konventioner om sång med barn utvecklats. Undervisning i musikklasser sker i stora grupper men den enskilda eleven internaliserar kunskapen om att sjunga individuellt. Varje elev bidrar med sitt individuella kunnande i musicerande tillsammans med andra. Studiens syfte var därför att belysa enskilda elevers lärande om att sjunga. Deltagarna i studien var musiklärare och elever i en årskurs fyra och en årskurs fem i musikklasser med körinriktning. Data samlades in genom observation och videodokumentation av en körlektion i respektive klass och genom enskilda intervjuer med åtta elever. Data analyserades ur ett kulturpsykologiskt perspektiv med fokus på kulturella redskap. Betydelsen av den individuella musikkulturella inramningens synliggjordes liksom elevernas strävan efter kvalitet. Samstämmighet visade sig mellan elevernas beskrivningar av förutsättningar för lärande, där den viktigaste faktorn som eleverna lyfte fram var möjligheten att få sjunga i ett, för eleven, bekvämt sångläge. Ett övergripande mönster i resultaten var att elever uppmärksammar de kulturella verktyg som distribueras i undervisningen med stor variation. / Students, who attend a special musical training which focus on choral singing and is offered in the Swedish compulsory school (i.e. musikklass in Swedish), are included in a locally situated music culture, which is shaped by traditions from the early twentieth century. In this tradition, conventions relating to singing with children have developed. Teaching choral singing in large groups is common in these music classes. However, students internalize knowledge about singing individually. Therefore, each student contributes his or her expertise about singing in music making together with other singers. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to highlight individual student learning about singing in a large choir group. The participants in this study were two music teachers and 8 students aged 10 an 11 years old who attended music classes with a focus on choral singing. Data were collected by observations and video documentations of one choir lesson in each grade and by interviews with the students. Data were analysed from a culture psychology perspective with a focus on cultural tools. The results showed the importance of the individual music cultural framing as well as the students’ pursuit of quality. Furthermore, the results showed consistency between the students descriptions of prerequisites for learning. The most important prerequisite, according to the students, was the opportunity for them to sing in a comfortable singing mode. Finally, an overall pattern in the results was the variation in how students pay attention to cultural tools distributed to them in choral teaching.
145

Cross-cultural study on decision making of German and Indian university students

Tipandjan, Arun 04 June 2010 (has links) (PDF)
The dissertation consists of an introduction and three empirical articles. The introduction gives the theoretical background, integrates the three articles, and elaborates on future research questions. The first article investigates the important decision in the lives of German and Indian university students to identify the important areas of decision making. The second article examines the structure of real life decision making and reveals the underlying factors of five major decision areas. The third article investigates the similarities and differences on decision making between German and Indian students using prior qualitative findings in a large quantitative survey.
146

Musikalisk kunskapsutveckling i högre musikutbildning : en kulturpsykologisk studie av musikerstudenters förhållningssätt i enskild instrumentalundervisning / Musical learning and development in higher music education : A cultural-psychological study of performance students’ ways of relating to one-to-one tuition

Holgersson, Per-Henrik January 2011 (has links)
The aim of this thesis is to obtain a deeper understanding of students’ approaches to musical knowledge as it is distributed through one-to-one tuition in higher music education (HME). With a cultural-psychological perspective according to Bruner, the project was designed as a longitudinal, qualitative study of eight students in the performance program that concludes with a Bachelor of Arts degree in music. Two main musical genres were represented: Western classical music, and jazz and contemporary music. The students had one-to-one tuition on violin, classical guitar, saxophone and electric guitar, and were observed at three consecutive lessons per semester during one academic year. Many-sided data were collected: video recordings of instrumental lessons, semi-structured interviews with students and teachers, and the participants’ diary notes in connection with the observed lessons. In the analysis, the students’ approaches to knowledge of music cultural tools were focused. The results show that the students use three main approaches in relation to one-to-one tuition: adaptation, reflected navigation and indifference. These approaches vary and overlap, and are connected to the local cultural situations that are being studied, as well as to differences by instrument and genre. The different strategies used by the students are discussed in relation to apprenticeship in higher music education, and in relation to the consequences for students’ musical learning and knowledge development. The results are also connected to the Bologna process and the development of research-based teaching in HME. Methodological considerations and suggestions for further research are put forward. / Genom projektet, Instrumenatlisters musikaliska kunskapsutveckling. Finansierat av Vetenskapsrådet / Genom projektet, Vem äger lärandet? Finansierat av Myndigheten för nätverk och samarbete inom högre utbildning
147

Musikalisk kunskapsutveckling i högre musikutbildning : en kulturpsykologisk studie av musikerstudenters förhållningssätt i enskild instrumentalundervisning / Musical learning and development in higher music education : A cultural-psychological study of performance students’ ways of relating to one-to-one tuition

Holgersson, Per-Henrik January 2011 (has links)
The aim of this thesis is to obtain a deeper understanding of students’ approaches to musical knowledge as it is distributed through one-to-one tuition in higher music education (HME). With a cultural-psychological perspective according to Bruner, the project was designed as a longitudinal, qualitative study of eight students in the performance program that concludes with a Bachelor of Arts degree in music. Two main musical genres were represented: Western classical music, and jazz and contemporary music. The students had one-to-one tuition on violin, classical guitar, saxophone and electric guitar, and were observed at three consecutive lessons per semester during one academic year. Many-sided data were collected: video recordings of instrumental lessons, semi-structured interviews with students and teachers, and the participants’ diary notes in connection with the observed lessons. In the analysis, the students’ approaches to knowledge of music cultural tools were focused. The results show that the students use three main approaches in relation to one-to-one tuition: adaptation, reflected navigation and indifference. These approaches vary and overlap, and are connected to the local cultural situations that are being studied, as well as to differences by instrument and genre. The different strategies used by the students are discussed in relation to apprenticeship in higher music education, and in relation to the consequences for students’ musical learning and knowledge development. The results are also connected to the Bologna process and the development of research-based teaching in HME. Methodological considerations and suggestions for further research are put forward. / Genom projektet, Instrumenatlisters musikaliska kunskapsutveckling. Finansierat av Vetenskapsrådet / Genom projektet, Vem äger lärandet? Finansierat av Myndigheten för nätverk och samarbete inom högre utbildning
148

A formação social dos transtornos do humor / The social formation of mood disorders

Almeida, Melissa Rodrigues de 02 March 2018 (has links)
Submitted by MELISSA RODRIGUES DE ALMEIDA null (melissa.r.almeida@gmail.com) on 2018-04-02T15:04:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 A formação social dos transtornos do humor - Melissa Rodrigues de Almeida VERSÃO FINAL.pdf: 3103492 bytes, checksum: c10d02848c8dd0d6a91600675e710589 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Pizzani null (luciana@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-04-03T12:40:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_mr_dr_bot.pdf: 3103492 bytes, checksum: c10d02848c8dd0d6a91600675e710589 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-03T12:40:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_mr_dr_bot.pdf: 3103492 bytes, checksum: c10d02848c8dd0d6a91600675e710589 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-02 / O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os processos compreendidos na formação social dos transtornos do humor, com base no acúmulo teórico-prático de dois campos do conhecimento, a Saúde Coletiva e a Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, ambos fundamentados no materialismo histórico-dialético. De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde, os transtornos do humor, com destaque para a depressão, estão entre as principais causas de incapacitação no mundo hoje. Não à toa a saúde mental vem ganhando cada vez mais destaque tanto nos estudos científicos como na demanda por políticas públicas que atendam às necessidades das pessoas em sofrimento psíquico. Entretanto, a produção de conhecimento e de práticas está hegemonizada por concepções biológicas, pautadas na lógica produtivista do capital. Esta pesquisa se soma aos esforços de análise do sofrimento psíquico expressos como depressão e bipolaridade em suas determinações mais profundas, tendo em vista que o processo saúde-doença consiste de uma expressão particular do processo geral da vida social. Para isso, foi realizada uma investigação teórica conjugada com pesquisa de campo, com observação participante, grupos focais e entrevistas com quinze pessoas diagnosticadas com depressão e bipolaridade, vinculadas a um serviço da rede pública de saúde. Com isso, buscou-se entender, por meio da dialética singular-particular-universal, a determinação social na constituição da depressão e da bipolaridade nas histórias de vida. A análise teve como ponto de partida a caracterização psiquiátrica da depressão e da bipolaridade, seguida de uma argumentação em favor da adoção do termo sofrimento psíquico. Fundada nos aportes da teoria da determinação social do processo saúde-doença, seguiu-se avaliando como os transtornos do humor sobressaíram no perfil epidemiológico como resultado dos modos de vida na atual fase de acumulação capitalista. Para entender as alterações na dinâmica da personalidade envolvidas na depressão e na bipolaridade, retomou-se as contribuições da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural sobre o desenvolvimento humano, a formação da personalidade e suas respectivas alterações patológicas. Por fim, com a articulação das trajetórias singulares de vida em um nível maior de generalização, sustentamos a tese segundo a qual a gênese da depressão e da bipolaridade está radicada nos processos críticos da vida social, como expressão das crescentes exigências psíquicas e resistência às constrições pelo capital, e se desenrola na forma de alterações na personalidade centradas na esfera afetivo-volitiva da atividade. / The aim of this paper was to analyze the processes comprised in the social formation of mood disorders, based on the theoretical and practical accumulation of two fields of knowledge, Collective Health and Historic-Cultural Psychology, both grounded in historical-dialectical materialism. According to the World Health Organization, mood disorders, especially depression, are today among the leading causes of disability worldwide. Not for nothing, mental health has been gaining increasing prominence both in scientific studies and in the claim for public policies suited for people in psychic suffering. However, biological conceptions, based on the productivist logic of capital, are hegemonic in the production of knowledge and practices. This research joins the efforts of analyzing psychic suffering expressed as depression and bipolar disorder in its deeper determinations, given that the health-illness process consists of a particular expression of the general process of social life. For this purpose, a theoretical investigation was conducted in conjunction with a field research, with participant observation, focus groups and interviews with fifteen people diagnosed with depression and bipolar disorder who benefited from a service from the public health system. Thus, we sought to understand, through the singular-particular-universal dialectic, the social determination in the constitution of depression and bipolar disorder in life stories. The analysis had its starting point in the psychiatric characterization of depression and bipolar disorder, followed by an argumentation in favor of adopting the term psychic suffering. Based on the contributions of the theory of social determination of the health-illness process, we continued by evaluating how mood disorders stood out in the epidemiological profile as a result of the lifestyles of the current phase of capitalist accumulation. To understand the changes in personality dynamics that are involved in depression and bipolar disorder, we retrieved the contributions of Historic-Cultural Psychology about human development, personality formation and its respective pathological alterations. Lastly, by articulating the singular trajectories of life in a greater level of generalization, we supported the thesis that the genesis of depression and bipolar disorder is rooted within critical processes of social life, as an expression of increasing psychic demands and resistance to the restrains of capital, unfolding in the form of personality changes centered on the affective-volitional sphere of activity.
149

The cross-cultural validity and comparability of the sixteenth personality factor questionnaire

Tack, H. (Harold) 11 1900 (has links)
The focus of this study is the Sixteen Personality Factor Quenstionnaire, South Africam 1992 version (16 PF, SA92). This personality questionnaire was derived from the 16 PF which was developed in the United States and was adapted for South African conditions in 1992. The aim of this study is to determine whether the scores of the 16 PF, SA92 are cross-culturally valid and comparable in South Africa. The sample consisted of White and African (male and female) applicants who applied for positions in a South African state department. To achieve the aims outlined in the introductory chapter, construct comparability and item comparability research was conducted. Descriptive statistics were also calculated to indicate the performance of the various sub-samples (White, African, male and female). The results indicated that the population variable as opposed to the gender variable had the greatest influence on the scores obtained. Problems existed with the construct and item comparability of the 16 PF, SA92 when the different population groups were compared. Mean differences were also found on the majority of factors of the 16 PF, SA92 when the scores of the different population groups were compared. The implications of using 16 PF, SA92 were outlined and several assessment options were presented for users of the 16 PF, SA92. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Admin. (Industrial Psychology)
150

"Do lar para o mundão: sentidos subjetivos do ato infracional construídos pelas adolescentes em privação de liberdade"

Diamantino, Dora Teixeira 10 July 2015 (has links)
Submitted by dora diamantino (dora_diamantino@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-09-24T17:22:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO-FINAL-REVISADA-definitivo.pdf: 1645479 bytes, checksum: 4ef91ca73edc15b6495bf7f627df0837 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-15T11:45:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO-FINAL-REVISADA-definitivo.pdf: 1645479 bytes, checksum: 4ef91ca73edc15b6495bf7f627df0837 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T11:45:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO-FINAL-REVISADA-definitivo.pdf: 1645479 bytes, checksum: 4ef91ca73edc15b6495bf7f627df0837 (MD5) / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender os sentidos subjetivos do ato infracional construídos pelas adolescentes em medida socioeducativa de internação. A partir das trajetórias das participantes foram apresentadas as produções de sentidos subjetivos sobre a adolescente com inserção na transgressão sócio-legal, os motivos, as experiências e avaliações sobre os atos infracionais, bem assim as perspectivas futuras. Para tal, utilizou-se a Teoria da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, que compreende a construção subjetiva a partir da relação dialética entre o indivíduo e o social. A abordagem metodológica foi balizada pela Epistemologia Qualitativa, elaborada por González Rey. No que tange à coleta dos dados, utilizou-se a entrevista narrativa com três adolescentes do sexo feminino, que estavam acolhidas na CASE-Feminina, no município de Salvador, Bahia, cumprindo medida socioeducativa de internação. A análise dos dados seguiu os procedimentos de construção dos núcleos de significação, formados a partir das narrativas das participantes e articulados com os objetivos desse estudo. Dois núcleos foram constituídos e analisados: o primeiro referiu-se aos motivos para a inserção e permanência na transgressão sócio-legal; as produções de sentidos subjetivos sobre a adolescente autora de ato infracional, os julgamentos sobre a transgressão sócio-legal e as expectativas futuras formaram o segundo núcleo. A partir da análise dos dados foi possível verificar que os motivos para a prática infracional variaram desde as necessidades de sustento ou aquisição de bens materiais até a obtenção da fama, do poder e do reconhecimento social. As participantes desse estudo também revelaram que o senso comum compartilha significados negativos em relação a adolescente com prática infracional. Entretanto, ao contrário das representações dominantes, as meninas se percebem como "pessoas normais". A significação dos danos causados ao outro não apareceram nas narrativas, uma vez que o ato infracional se articulou com as consequências da transgressão sócio-legal para a própria adolescente, a saber: a prisão ou a morte. Por isso, as meninas planejam mudar de vida após a privação de liberdade, e essa mudança perpassa a inserção na escola, em cursos de capacitação e entrada no mercado de trabalho. Diante dos resultados, faz-se necessário repensar modelos alternativos ao punitivo, que impliquem toda a sociedade na construção de um projeto social igualitário, justo, pautado na significação do outro.This research aimed at understanding the subjective sense of offense built by adolescents in socio-educational measure of internment. From the trajectories of the participants were presented the productions of subjective senses about teen with inclusion in the socio-legal transgression, the reasons, experiences and reviews of the infractions, as well as future prospects. To do this, we used the Theory of Historical-Cultural Psychology, comprising the construction subjective from the dialectical relationship between the individual and the social. The methodological approach was buoyed by Qualitative Epistemology, developed by González Rey. With regard to data collection, we used a narrative interview with three female adolescents, who were accommodated in the CASE-Feminina in the city of Salvador, Bahia, fulfilling socio-educational measure of internment. Data analysis followed the construction procedures of the meaning core, formed from the accounts of participants and articulated with the objectives of this study. Two cores were recorded and analyzed: the first referred to the reasons for entering and remaining in the socio-legal transgression; the productions of subjective senses about teenage author of an offense, judgments about the socio-legal transgression and future expectations formed the second core. From the data analysis it was observed that the reasons for criminal behavior ranged from livelihood needs or acquisition of material goods to the attainment of fame, power and social recognition. The participants in this study also revealed that common sense share negative perceptions regarding teenager with criminal behavior. However, unlike the dominant representations, girls perceive themselves as "normal people". The significance of damage to the other did not appear in the narrative, once the offense has been linked to the consequences of socio-legal transgression for adolescent own, namely the imprisonment or death. So, the girls plan to change his life after imprisonment, and this change permeates the inclusion in school, training courses and entry into the labor market. Given the results, it is necessary to reconsider the punitive alternative models, involving the whole society in building an egalitarian social project, fair, based on the significance of the other.

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