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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
281

Varför en kärlek för lyx och eftersmak av ånger? : En kvalitativ studie om drivande skäl för lyxkonsumtion och dess förhållande till ånger för unga svenska medborgare

Kheder, Sara, Alp, Ümran January 2020 (has links)
In recent years, luxury consumption has expanded and grown significantly in comparison to past years. Today luxury is more accessible by society than ever before. Various studies have shown and proven how luxury consumption tends to have negative effects on individuals. The negative circumstances that emerge as consequences can be of cognitive character, but also in the form of financial, personal, social and/or professional problems, debt, and compulsive purchases. In addition to these findings, recent studies have also shown that people are ready to compromise in a variety of ways such as saving more money, working overtime, or withdrawing from essential expenses.  For these various reasons, the purpose of this study is to identify possible experienced motives that can work as reasons for luxury consumption amongst the young Swedish population. Furthermore, this study aims to examine regret in relation to this type of consumption. The literature review of this study covers subjects of cognitive dissonance, regret theory, possessions and the extended self and the motives hedonic, symbolic and instrumental. The research method applied in this study is of a qualitative character. The data collection was executed through the use of semi structured interviews where a total number of fifteen young Swedish individuals chose to participate. The results of this study reveal that luxury consumption can be based on the hedonic motive where pleasure, joy, satisfaction or reaching a desired goal are common reasons. Moreover, the results of this study also reveal that luxury consumption can be based on the symbolic motive, where individuals desire to symbolise/express themselves, impress others, seek confirmation, to fit in and/or follow hidden norms in society. Furthermore, luxury is desired for the pure quality, where the high price of luxury products equals higher perceived quality.  Moreover, regret in this type of consumption is regularly occurring. The reasons for regret can be caused by the product itself, by comparison to other possible alternatives or because of impulsive/compulsive/stressful decisions. This feeling of regret can exist in the form of cognitive dissonance, that is a feeling of discomfort for a small number of participants. For a larger number of participants, the feelings are separated, where regret is a more rough and painful feeling. Solutions to suppress these feelings are through giving away the products to be used, persuade the mind that the purchase is deserved, or to shed a positive light at the purchase by looking at it as additional knowledge/ experience. / Under de senaste åren konsumeras lyx mer, och har blivit mer tillgängligt för allmänheten i jämförelse till tidigare år. Ett flertal studier har visat på hur lyxkonsumtion tenderar att ha negativa effekter på individer. De negativa omständigheterna som framträder som konsekvenser av lyxkonsumtion kan vara av en kognitiv karaktär, men även i form av finansiella, personliga, sociala och/eller professionella problem, skuldsättning, och kompulsiva köp. Dessutom visar studier även att människor är redo att kompromissa på olika sätt som att spara mer pengar, jobba övertid eller att utebliva nödvändiga utgifter. För dessa diverse anledningar är syftet med denna studie att identifiera möjliga upplevda drivkrafter för lyxkonsumtion för det unga svenska samhället. Vidare ämnar studien även att undersöka ånger i förhållande till denna typ av konsumtion. Teorigenomgången för denna studie behandlar ämnen om kognitiv dissonans, regret theory, ägodelar och det förlängda jaget samt motiven hedonic, symbolic samt instrumentell. Empiriinsamlingen skedde genom en kvalitativ forskningsmetod som i sin tur bestod av femton semistrukturerade intervjuer med svenska ungdomar som lyxkonsumerar. Resultaten av denna studie visar på att lyxkonsumtion kan ske med anledning av hedonistiska aspekter där glädje, nöje, tillfredsställelse eller en avklarad målsättning var vanligt förekommande anledningar. Fortsättningsvis visar studien även att symboliska motiv var en vanlig drivkraft för lyxkonsumtion, där individer strävar efter att symbolisera/uttrycka sig, imponera på andra, få bekräftelse, passa in i samhället samt följa osynliga normer. Utöver detta var lyx eftersträvat på grund av kvalitet, där höga priset av lyxprodukter förutsätter högre upplevd kvalitet.  Avslutningsvis påvisar resultaten av denna studie att ånger inom denna typ av konsumtion är vanligt förekommande. Orsakerna för ånger kan bero på själva produkten, på jämförelse av produkten med andra alternativ eller på grund av impulsiva/kompulsiva/hastiga beslut. Känslan av ånger kan vidare vara i form av en kognitiv dissonans, som i sin tur betecknas som en känsla av obehag av en liten del av deltagarna i denna studie. För en större del av deltagarna var känslorna åtskilda, där ånger var en grövre och mer smärtsam känsla. Lösningar för att dämpa detta obehag är genom att ge bort produkten för användning, övertala sig själv att köpet är förtjänat, eller genom att omvandla köpet till ytterligare erfarenhet/lärdom.
282

A conflict of lifestyles and battle of time : International students in sustainable development at Uppsala University

Livmar, Ewa January 2020 (has links)
This investigation has sought to explore and understand how students who come to Sweden to study sustainable development perceive their future and what struggles they face. Underpinned by Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological theories the aim was thus to understand the role of education in sustainable development for international students; by looking at what kind of assets they possess, how struggles can be understood in relation to what assets they have, in what way geographical place might be significant and how changes of values and views of knowledge may affect their views of the future. The study has been restricted to Uppsala University and specifically The Centre for Environment and Development studies, (CEMUS.) CEMUS has been deliberately chosen since it offers many courses in sustainable development in English. As a method, an online survey and interviews have been conducted, with the aim of constructing a qualitative study. The data used in this study has been collected during a period of 3 months between February and April 2019. The scope of the study covers students who defined themselves as students within sustainable development who have or where taking courses at CEMUS at the time of the interviews.            The main result is that the students through the education in sustainable development experience new understandings of narratives, critical thinking and need for societal change. The clash between their earlier educational paths and the knowledge they have gained in sustainable development is disruptive to the extent of causing a cognitive dissonance resulting in a cleft habitus. It contributes to uncertainties about the future; both at the job-market as the undisciplinary and in life choices such as where and how to live. With one foot in current system and one foot on the edge of change towards an uncertain future. Most struggle enormously as their “in-between” position is not only due to meeting another culture, but a head on confrontation with earlier understandings of their reality and position in it. It is concluded that giving up privilege and convert what they have to the new frame of sufficiency, is hard. Nevertheless, the students who come from affluent backgrounds are those who adapt most easily to the education they meet at CEMUS, whereas those with less still have to face the fear of not having enough.
283

Sustainable conscious fashion consumption from the perspective of Generation Z : - With a focus on motivations.

Brantemo, Ellen, Carlstedt, Hanna, Wilhelmsson, Hanna January 2020 (has links)
The purpose of this thesis ‘Sustainable conscious fashion consumption from the perspective of Generation Z - With a focus on motivations’ is to provide the reader with deeper knowledge about Generation Z’s perception of sustainable conscious fashion and what motivates them to choose sustainable consumption. Further, this research gives insight into the decision process among Generation Z regarding fashion apparel. The thesis is based on two research questions which are (1) What are the motivations to consume sustainable conscious fashion among Gen Z and (2) How do psychological factors influence Gen Z decisions to consume sustainable conscious fashion? To be able to complete this thesis and answer the research questions, relevant theories have been analyzed and incorporated to create an understanding when analyzing the empirical data. The thesis was conducted using a deductive approach and a qualitative research method to acquire primary data. The data collection has been accumulated by doing semi-structured interviews with the aim to gain in-depth knowledge about Gen Z motivations to consume sustainable conscious fashion. The literature review includes theories that are in relation to the topics of (1) Sustainability, (2) Generation Z, and (3) Psychological Factors such as self-image and cognitive dissonance. Based on the literature review a conceptual framework (Figure 2.1) was created in which the liaisons between the different theories have been presented. The interview guide was created in accordance to the operationalism in order to present the empirical data in chapter 4, ‘Empirical findings’.Thereafter, an analysis based on the empirical findings are discussed in relation to previously presented theories in the literature review. It is concluded that the primary motives for purchasing apparel among Generation Z are to strengthen their self-image, whether it is to fit in or stand out. The generation cares about sustainability, which is expressed by purchasing eco-friendly foods and by considering their choices of transport. The findings show there is a lack of information provided by retailers and authorities, which translates into the consumers not being able to make sustainable choices regarding fashion consumption.
284

The Power of Audio narrative : Ljudberättelse som belyser nätmobbning

Nilsson, Louise, Andersson, David January 2020 (has links)
I det här kandidatarbetet har vi genom enbart ljudberättande försökt ta reda på hur vi kan belysa det viktiga ämnet nätmobbning. Vi har genom ett antal källor om ljudberättande med och utan visuellt stöd, tagit med allt viktigt i berättande för att sedan skapa en egen historia som ska beröra. Viktigt att ljuden är igenkänningsbara, att lyssnaren vet vad som händer och att det inte får upplevas otydligt i sammanhanget. Vi vill genom den här undersökningen beröra människor till att våga prata om psykisk ohälsa. Vi valde därför att använda oss utav X for Change, ett designperspektiv som grundar sig inom spelvärlden, men dess tankar och riktlinjer går att anpassa inom ljud likaväl genom vår tolkning. För att genomföra kandidatarbetet har vi använt mindmapping och brainstorming för att ta fram ett manus och innehåll. Vi har genom intervjuer tagit del av människors egna upplevelser kring psykisk ohälsa och applicerat de känslor som återkom, nämligen ensamhet, rädsla och svartsjukan att ‘varför just jag, varför ingen annan’. Vikten för oss har varit att få med känslan, genom de ljudeffekter och ambienser vi spelat in genom med Foley. För att strukturera upp det här arbetet har vi använt agila projektmetoder. Designprocessen delas upp i fyra delar, design phase I-III samt färdig gestaltning, där vi går från idé till färdig gestaltning. Vi presenterar de val vi gjort, tekniker vi använt, specifika delar från forskningen som speglar det vi gjort samt varför vissa förändringar gav positivt resultat. Resultatet i sin tur presenterar åsikter om vi anser vi lyckats, vad vi mer fått fram från undersökningen samt relationen mellan gestaltningen och frågeställning samt syfte. Vi avslutar med diskussion där vi kritiskt granskar arbetet och diskuterar problematiken genom valda frågor. / In this Bachelor Thesis we have used sound narrative only, to investigate how to illuminate the important topic, cyber bullying. We have gone through several sources of Audio storytelling with and without anything visual to support. The sources included everything we find important in storytelling, to create our own history and hopefully affect people. It’s important that the listener will recognize the sounds, so they do know what is happening. The story will not be unclear in the context for the listeners. Through this study, we want to affect people, to dare to talk about mental illness, so we have chosen X for Change as our design perspective. X for Change is based in the gaming world, but its thoughts and guidelines can be adapted within sound, as well as in according to our interpretation.    We´ve accomplished this Bachelor Thesis, by creating a script and content through mind mapping and brainstorming. We collect information about mental illness by interviewing people about their experiences. The results of most of the interviews applied the feeling that kept coming back, which was loneliness, fear and jealousy like ‘why me, why not someone else’. For us it has been important to get the feelings right, through the sound effects and ambiences we have recorded, are the most important in this project, thanks to the techniques of Foley. We have used agile project methods to structure our work process in this Bachelor Thesis.    The design process we used is divided into four parts, design phase I-III and the finished design. We will go from idea to the finished design. We will also present the choices we faced and the techniques we decided to use, specific parts of research that reflect what we have done, and why some changes made a positive result in the end. The result will be presented and our opinions on whatever we succeed or do not succeed in the relationship between the design, our question and our purpose. At the end of this essay we will discuss our critical review on this work by asking selected questions that we have made ourselves.
285

LET’S TALK ABOUT SEX GUILT: THE IMPACT OF RELIGION ON SEXUAL GUILT, RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION, SEXUAL SATISFACTION, AND SEXUAL ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS IN CHRISTIAN WOMEN

Sydney S Vander Tuin (10756281) 10 May 2021 (has links)
Sexual guilt can occur when one's beliefs or attitudes about sex do not match with their sexual behaviors. Sexual guilt has been studied in the context of religious individuals, but research has produced inconsistent results (Hackathorn et al., 2016; Higgins et al., 2010; Leonhardt et al., 2019; Murray et al., 2007). Through a survey placed on Mturk, this study used 156 participants for data analysis. Data analysis consisted of five regressions. This study found that religiosity and relationship satisfaction are positively associated, sexual guilt and relationship satisfaction are negatively associated, sexual guilt moderated the relationship of religiosity and relationship satisfaction, conflict between sexual attitudes and behaviors was associated with lower relationship satisfaction, religiosity and sexual satisfaction had a positive association, sexual guilt and sexual satisfaction had a negative association, sexual guilt had a moderating effect on religiosity and sexual satisfaction, conflict between attitudes and behaviors was associated with more sexual guilt, and religiosity was found to be positively associated with sexual guilt. This study relates these findings to past research and posits future directions for this field of study.<div><br></div><div><br><br></div>
286

Becoming Vegan : Consumers’ perceived barriers when transitioning to a vegan diet

Burenius, Johanna, Lien, Louise January 2021 (has links)
This qualitative study aims to identify challenges experienced amongst consumers in Stockholm when transitioning to a vegan diet. Five consumers between the ages of 24-27 have during a period of one month assumed the task of transitioning to a vegan diet. The results were analyzed through the lens of The Multidisciplinary Model of the main factors affecting consumer behaviour in the food domain and as well as the Cognitive dissonance theory to enable a deeper analysis. The study shows that information, supply and psychological influences are three main areas in which barriers are present. Lack of marketing in store and online, lack of clear labeling on products and lack of supply in both stores and restaurants were the most apparent challenges experienced amongst consumers which can be barriers when transitioning to a vegan diet. Furthermore, psychological influences that were perceived as barriers by the consumers was the presence of dissonance and the feeling of lack of support and inspiration.
287

Cognitions, Conflicts &amp; Consumption : Work CSR congruence and employees’ cognitions and rationalization in the fair fashion industry

Fransson, Sara, Müller, Ina January 2020 (has links)
Background: The world faces a consumption crisis. The fashion industry in particular is a branch in which excessive consumption patterns are present. Consumers have intentions to consume products that are more sustainable but often do not purchase accordingly; this is commonly called the CSR-consumer paradox. Also on the supply side, many fair fashion retailers have great and rigor Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) efforts, but often face challenges along the supply chain. This can lead to a gap between organizations’ CSR and sustainability intentions and practices possible.  Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is threefold. Firstly, it attempts to shed light on how organizational members approach their company’s CSR and sustainability notions and practices and how they relate to it. Secondly, the study aims to investigate other related areas where organizational members’ private cognitions are not congruent with their company’s notion. Thirdly, organizational members’ strategies to handle such incongruent cognitions and potential conflicts will be explored.  Theoretical Framework and Method: To gain a fuller understanding of the research problem this thesis will draw on qualitative data from semi-structured interviews and use Festinger’s (1957) Cognitive Dissonance Theory (CDT) as a theoretical lens Findings and Conclusions: The findings show that organizational members display a high fit between private cognitions and their companies’ understanding of sustainability and CSR and actively seek such companies. However, in terms of sustainable consumption levels and compromises on sustainability, cognitions conflict. They can reconcile this conflict with a variety of strategies. The organizational members’ conflict in relation to sustainability practices and consumption levels can be seen as the counterpart to the CSR-consumer paradox in an organizational context. Thus, we term this phenomenon the "CSR- Organizational Paradox”. / Hintergrund: Die Welt steckt in einer Konsumkrise und v.a. in der Modeindustrie gibt es exzessives Konsumverhalten. Konsumenten haben die Absicht nachhaltige Produkte zu konsumieren, aber kaufen oft nicht entsprechend ein; dies wird gemeinhin als das ‘CSR-consumer paradox’ bezeichnet. Auch auf der Unternehmensseite zeigen viele Einzelhändler für nachhaltige Mode ernsthafte Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Bemühungen, aber stehen dabei oft vor vielen Herausforderungen entlang der gesamten Lieferkette. Dies kann dazu führen, dass eine Lücke zwischen den eigentlichen Absichten und den tatsächlichen Praktiken eines Unternehmens im Bereich CSR und Nachhaltigkeit entsteht.  Zweck: Diese Arbeit bezweckt drei Ziele. Erstens versucht sie zu beleuchten, wie Mitglieder von Organisationen an die CSR- und Nachhaltigkeitsvorstellungen und-praktiken ihres Unternehmens herangehen und wie sie sich dazu verhalten. Zweitens zielt die Studie darauf ab, andere verwandte Bereiche zu untersuchen, in denen private Kognitionen der Organisationsmitglieder nicht mit den Vorstellungen ihres Unternehmens übereinstimmen. Drittens soll untersucht werden, wie die Organisationsmitglieder mit inkongruenten Kognitionen und möglichen Konflikten umgehen.  Theoretischer Hintergrund und Methode: Um ein umfassenderes Verständnis des Forschungsproblems zu gewinnen, wird diese Arbeit auf qualitative Daten aus halbstrukturierten Interviews zurückgreifen und Festingers (1957) ‘Kognitive Dissonanztheorie‘ (CDT) als theoretische Linse verwenden Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Organisationsmitglieder eine hohe Übereinstimmung zwischen privaten Kognitionen und dem Verständnis ihrer Unternehmen von Nachhaltigkeit und CSR aufweisen und sich aktiv solche Unternehmen aussuchen. Im Hinblick auf nachhaltige Konsumniveaus und Kompromisse bezüglich Nachhaltigkeit sind private Kognitionen jedoch oft im Widerspruch zu den Vorstellungen des Unternehmens. Die Organisationsmitglieder können diesen Konflikt aber durch verschiedene Strategien lösen. Der Konflikt der Organisationsmitglieder in Bezug auf Nachhaltigkeitspraktiken und Konsumniveaus kann als Gegenstück zum ‘CSR-consumer paradox’ in einem organisatorischen Kontext gesehen werden. Daher bezeichnen wir dieses Phänomen als „CSR- Organizational Paradox“. / Bakgrund: Världen står inför en konsumtionskris. Mode- och klädindustrin är en bransch där överdrivna konsumtionsmönster går att finna i stor utsträckning. Konsumenter säger sig ha för avsikt att konsumera produkter som är mer hållbara men köper ofta inte dessa; detta benämns som ’CSR-consumer paradox’. Även på utbudssidan tar många hållbara modeföretag stort ansvar för sitt hållbarhetsarbete genom strikt arbete med Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), men möter ofta utmaningar längs leveranskedjan. Detta kan leda till klyftor mellan organisationernas CSR- och hållbarhetsintentioner och deras möjliga praxis. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är tredelad. För det första försöker den belysa hur organisationsmedlemmar förhåller sig och relaterar till företagets CSR- och hållbarhetsintentioner och praxis. För det andra syftar studien till att undersöka andra relaterade områden där organisationsmedlemmarnas privata kognitioner inte överensstämmer med deras företags intentioner. För det tredje kommer organisationsmedlemmarnas strategier för att hantera sådana inkongruenta kognitioner och potentiella konflikter utforskas. Teoretiskt ramverk och metod: För att få en mer fullständig förståelse av forskningsproblemen baseras denna uppsats på kvalitativa data från semistrukturerade intervjuer och använder Festingers (1957) teori om kognitiv dissonans (CDT) som en teoretisk lins. Resultat och slutsatser: Resultaten visar att organisationsmedlemmar uppvisar hög korrelation mellan privata kognitioner och deras företags förståelse för hållbarhet och CSR och aktivt söker sig till sådana företag. När det gäller hållbara konsumtionsnivåer och kompromisser om hållbarhet, är dessa kognitioner ofta i konflikt gentemot företagets intentioner. Organisationsmedlemmarna kan ofta lösa dessa interna konflikter med en mängd olika strategier. Organisationsmedlemmarnas konflikt i relation till hållbarhetspraxis och konsumtionsnivåer kan ses som en motsvarighet till ’CSR-consumer paradox’ ett organisatoriskt sammanhang. Därför benämner vi detta fenomen ”CSR- Organizational Paradox”.
288

Kognitiv dissonans hos män som köper sex

Lönneborg, Markus, Mörnvik, Terese January 2019 (has links)
Den transnationella sexhandeln med strukturella och ekonomiska betingelser som har sin grund i fattigdom i andra länder, är en utmaning för polisen och socialarbetare då denna grupp ofta befinner sig utom räckhåll för välfärdsarbetare i Sverige (Månsson, 2018). Tidigare forskning har visat att sexköpare styr efterfrågan på prostituerade och därmed ökar antalet personer utsatta för trafficking (Mendes Bota, 2014). Med detta i åtanke har vårt examensarbete i socialt arbete syftet att undersöka hur män som köper sex försvarar och talar om sitt sexköp i relation till kognitiv dissonansteori. Detta i en svensk kontext där sexköp är olagligt. För att nå vårt syfte har vi tagit del av förhörsprotokoll och domar kopplade till sexköp i Stockholmsområdet under januari 2018-april 2019. Vi har också intervjuat professionella inom de befintliga organisationer/myndigheter i Stockholm som explicit arbetar med sexköpare (KAST, Anova och Prostitutionsgruppen). Studien har en kvalitativ ansats med en abduktiv ingång. Under arbetets gång har studien blivit mer teoridriven och analys av vårt material är genomförd utifrån kognitiv dissonansteori. En teori som utgår från att individer vid olika val har motstridiga kognitioner vilka kan skapa en dissonans som individen är motiverad att minska. Vi har särskilt analyserat materialet utifrån följande modeller av kognitiv dissonans; self-discrepancy modellen, som dissonans kopplat till yttre eller inre påverkan, dissonans enligt self-affirmation concept, aversive- consequences modellen, och utifrån action-based modellen. Resultatet av studien visar att kognitiv dissonans hos män som köper sex påverkas av olika faktorer och hanteras på skilda sätt. Några slutsatser i vår studie är: Få sexköpare beskriver en känsla av personligt ansvar för säljarens situation, vilket vi tolkat som ett sätt att undkomma kognitiv dissonans. För att reducera dissonansen förminskar sexköparen de sexuella handlingarna och lyfter fram en bild av sig själv som ’schysst’ och ’hjälpsam’. Lagstiftningen verkar inte vara en särskilt hindrande kognition för de män som faktiskt köper sex även om den på ett samhälleligt plan har en stark normpåverkan och verkar hindrande för majoriteten män, de som inte köper sex. Sexköp kan också vara kopplat till tvångsmässiga sexuella beteenden, låg impulskontroll, destruktiv livsföring och ångesthantering. Implikationer för framtida forskning, politik och socialt arbete är att fundera på hur kognitiv dissonansteori kan implementeras och användas i praktiken för att motverka sexköp, prostitution och trafficking. En annan aspekt som vi vill föra fram är synen på sexköp som ett socialt problem både på ett samhälleligt och ett individuellt plan. Sexköpare är en del av en samhällelig manlighetsnorm och inte endast individuella aktörer. För det sociala arbetet innebär detta synsätt att bemötande och behandling av sexköpare prioriteras och förbättras. / The transnational sex trade with structural and economic conditions that are rooted in poverty in other countries is a challenge for the police and social workers as this group is often out of reach for welfare workers in Sweden (Månsson, 2018). Previous research has shown that sex buyers regulates the demand for prostitutes andthus increase the number of people exposed to trafficking (Mendes Bota, 2014). With this in mind, our study in social work aims to investigate how men who buy sex defend and speak about their sex buying in relation to cognitive dissonance theory. This is in a Swedish context where sex buying is illegal. To achieve our purpose, we have taken note of interrogation protocols and judgments linked to sex purchases in the Stockholm area in January 2018-April 2019. We have also interviewed professionals within the existing organizations/authorities in Stockholm who explicitly work with sex buyers (KAST, Anova and the Prostitution group). The study has a qualitative approach with an abductive input. During the course of the work, the study has become more theoretically driven and analysis of our material is carried out based on cognitive dissonance.A theory which assumes that individuals at different choices have conflicting cognitions that can create a dissonance that the individual is motivated to reduce. We have analyzed the material specifically from the following models of cognitive dissonance; the self-discrepancy model, which dissonance linked to external or internal influence, dissonance according to self-affirmation concept, aversive-effect model, and based on action-based model. The result of the study shows that cognitive dissonance in men who buy sex looks slightly different and is handled in different ways. Some conclusions in our studyare: Few sex buyers describe a sense of personal responsibility for the seller's situation, which we interpreted as a way of avoiding cognitive dissonance. In order toreduce the dissonance, the sex buyer reduces the sexual acts and highlights apicture of himself as ‘good’and ‘helpful’.The legislation does not seem to be a particularly obstructive cognition for the men who actually buy sex even though on a societal level it has a strong norm effect and seems to hinder the majority of men, those who do not buy sex. Sex buying can also be linked to compulsive sexual behavior, low impulse control, destructive lifestyle and anxiety management. Implications for future research, politics and social work are to consider how cognitive dissonance theory can be implemented and used in practice to counteract sex buying, prostitution and trafficking. Another aspect that we want to bring forward is the view of sex buying as a social problem both on a societal and an individual level. Sex buyers are part of a social male standard and not just individual actors. For social work, this approach means that treatment of sex buyers is prioritized and improved.
289

Hemlig dokumentering på djurfabriker : En receptionsteoretisk fokusgruppsstudie om visuell djurrättsaktivism / Secret documentation at animal factories : A reception theoretic focus group study on visual animal rights activism

Jussila, Tytti Ann-Karen January 2021 (has links)
Denna kandidatuppsats fokuserar på reception av hemlig dokumentation på djurfabriker. Genom kvalitativa fokusgruppsintervjuer samt med hjälp av visuell elicitering lägger studien fokus vid hur visuella texter kodas av en avsändare och avkodas av en mottagare. Studien gräver in i betydelsen av aktivistisk kommunikation ur ett receptionsperspektiv genom att undersöka hur mottagaren tolkar djurrättsaktivistisk visuell kommunikation på sociala medier. Resultatet av fokusgruppstudien är att en mottagare avkodar djurrättsaktivistiska inlägg med visuellt dokumentärt material och text publicerade på Facebook-sidan Svensk djurindustri – baksidan, på ett förhandlat sätt när man tar hänsyn till hela innehållet i inläggen som består av visuellt material och text. Den upplevda subjektiviteten hos avsändaren gällande det visuella materialet i avsändarens kommunikation är en aspekt som spelar roll i mottagarens avkodning. Oavsett om receptionen visar sig att vara förhandlad, visas motstånd lättare hos intervjupersonerna om skulden läggs på mottagaren men om moraliserandet sker indirekt, verkar budskapet att tas emot av intervjupersonerna med större acceptans. Huvudsakligen upplever mottagarna att avsändaren har som motiv att försöka påverka mottagarens åsikt om djurindustrin genom information, moralisering, skuldbeläggning och genom att använda sig av chockerande visuellt material. / This bachelor's thesis focuses on the reception of secretly acquired documentation from factory farms. Through qualitative focus group interviews and with the help of visual elicitation, the study focuses on how visual texts are coded by a sender and decoded by a recipient. The study delves into the significance of activist communication from a reception perspective by examining how the recipient interprets visual communication published by animal rights activist on social media. The main results of the focus group study is that a recipient decodes animal rights activist posts which consists of visual texts published on Svensk djurindustri baksidan – Facebook page, in a negotiated way when the entire content of the posts consisting of visual material and text is taken into account. The perceived subjectivity of the sender regarding the visual material in the sender's communication is an aspect that plays a role in the recipient's decoding. Regardless of whether the reception turns out to be negotiated, resistance is more easily shown by the interviewees if the blame is placed on the recipient in the communication that takes place, but if moralizing takes place indirectly, the message seems to be received by the interviewees in a more accepting way. The recipients mainly feel that the sender has a motive to try to influence the recipient's opinion about the animal industry through informing, moralizing, blaming and by using shocking visual material and moral shock tactics.
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Teaching Evolution: A Heuristic Study of Personal and Cultural Dissonance

Grimes, Larry G. 01 January 2012 (has links)
Darwinian evolution is a robustly supported scientific theory. Yet creationists continue to challenge its teaching in American public schools. Biology teachers in all 50 states are responsible for teaching science content standards that include evolution. As products of their backgrounds and affiliations teachers bring personal attitudes and beliefs to their teaching. The purpose of this study was to explore how biology teachers perceive, describe, and value their teaching of evolution. This research question was explored through a heuristic qualitative methodology. Eight veteran California high school biology teachers were queried as to their beliefs, perceptions, experiences and practices of teaching evolution. Both personal and professional documents were collected. Data was presented in the form of biographical essays that highlight teachers' backgrounds, experiences, perspectives and practices of teaching evolution. Of special interest was how they describe pressure over teaching evolution during a decade of standards and No Child Left Behind high-stakes testing mandates. Five common themes emerged. Standards have increased the overall amount of evolution that is taught. High-stakes testing has decreased the depth at which evolution is taught. Teacher belief systems strongly influence how evolution is taught. Fear of creationist challenges effect evolution teaching strategies. And lastly, concern over the potential effects of teaching evolution on student worldviews was mixed. Three categories of teacher concern over the potential impact of evolution on student worldviews were identified: Concerned, Strategist, and Carefree. In the final analysis teacher beliefs and attitudes still appeared to he the most important factor influencing how evolution is taught.

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