O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o cotidiano dos agregados sociais da Praça da Alfândega localizada no centro da cidade de Porto Alegre no Rio Grande Sul. Foram investigados a partir deste espaço os aspectos relacionais, identitários, as expressões subjetivas e estéticas, as fronteiras de convivências assim como as territorializações empreendidas pelos indivíduos que compõem estes agregados sociais no espaço da Praça da Alfândega. Além disso, esta dissertação tem como intuito discutir as questões pertinentes sobre a função do espaço público, cidadania e dos aspectos sobre as formas de sociabilidade e de insociabilidade nas metrópoles contemporâneas. Pode se dizer que a Praça da Alfândega, nesse mosaico de representações sociais, territórios justapostos e signos compreendem um importante lócus de análise do espaço urbano, motivo pelo fato que ela se apresenta para as formas sociais, denominado de agregados sociais um espaço dicotômico da sobrevivência material e da convivência social. Por esse motivo, o estudo do cotidiano dos agregados sociais presentes no espaço da Praça da Alfândega constituem também uma investigação sobre os fenômenos urbanos contemporâneos e suas múltiplas e emergentes práticas sociais se apresentam nos estilos de vida, das formas simbólicas e nos usos dos espaços nas grandes metrópoles. / This paper aims to study the social aggregations’ every day life from Praça da Alfândega, located in the center of Porto Alegre city in Rio Grande Sul. The aspects of relationship and identity, the subjective and esthetic expressions, the borders of acquaintance as well as the territories settled by people who compounded these social groups in the space of Praça da Alfândega were investigated. Besides, this paper also aims to discuss relevant questions about the function of public space, citizenship and aspects about the forms of sociability and unsociability in modern metropolis. It is possible to affirm that Praça da Alfândega, on this mosaic of social representation adjacent territories and symbols form an important locus of analysis about urban space. For this reason, it becomes a dichotomic space both of material survival and of social acquaintance for the social forms, called social aggregations. Because of this reason, the study of the social aggregations’ every day life settled in Praça da Alfândega constitutes also an investigation about recent urban phenomena and their several and emergent social practices according to ways of life, symbolical forms, and settlement in big cities.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o cotidiano dos agregados sociais da Praça da Alfândega localizada no centro da cidade de Porto Alegre no Rio Grande Sul. Foram investigados a partir deste espaço os aspectos relacionais, identitários, as expressões subjetivas e estéticas, as fronteiras de convivências assim como as territorializações empreendidas pelos indivíduos que compõem estes agregados sociais no espaço da Praça da Alfândega. Além disso, esta dissertação tem como intuito discutir as questões pertinentes sobre a função do espaço público, cidadania e dos aspectos sobre as formas de sociabilidade e de insociabilidade nas metrópoles contemporâneas. Pode se dizer que a Praça da Alfândega, nesse mosaico de representações sociais, territórios justapostos e signos compreendem um importante lócus de análise do espaço urbano, motivo pelo fato que ela se apresenta para as formas sociais, denominado de agregados sociais um espaço dicotômico da sobrevivência material e da convivência social. Por esse motivo, o estudo do cotidiano dos agregados sociais presentes no espaço da Praça da Alfândega constituem também uma investigação sobre os fenômenos urbanos contemporâneos e suas múltiplas e emergentes práticas sociais se apresentam nos estilos de vida, das formas simbólicas e nos usos dos espaços nas grandes metrópoles. / This paper aims to study the social aggregations’ every day life from Praça da Alfândega, located in the center of Porto Alegre city in Rio Grande Sul. The aspects of relationship and identity, the subjective and esthetic expressions, the borders of acquaintance as well as the territories settled by people who compounded these social groups in the space of Praça da Alfândega were investigated. Besides, this paper also aims to discuss relevant questions about the function of public space, citizenship and aspects about the forms of sociability and unsociability in modern metropolis. It is possible to affirm that Praça da Alfândega, on this mosaic of social representation adjacent territories and symbols form an important locus of analysis about urban space. For this reason, it becomes a dichotomic space both of material survival and of social acquaintance for the social forms, called social aggregations. Because of this reason, the study of the social aggregations’ every day life settled in Praça da Alfândega constitutes also an investigation about recent urban phenomena and their several and emergent social practices according to ways of life, symbolical forms, and settlement in big cities.

O estudo tem como objetivo a discussão sobre a inserção das atividades de lazer no cotidiano dos usuários de serviços de Saúde Mental. A relevância do trabalho é afirmada pela demanda crescente por esse tipo de atividade, cujo acesso é restrito. As questões que se pretende responder têm sua origem em observações realizadas a partir de uma atividade chamada Copa da Inclusão, que reúne serviços da área de Saúde Mental localizados na região metropolitana de São Paulo. Constitui em um encontro de usuários, profissionais, familiares e amigos. A finalidade do evento é promover o acesso a atividades de lazer, cuja escassez ressalta a falta de oportunidade concedida a eles. O aspecto do lazer é um componente essencial na vida dos homens. Possibilita a liberação das obrigações cotidianas. A partir dessas atividades pode ocorrer um rompimento com um modo de viver repetitivo, estereotipado e alienante. Constitui um espaço onde é possível a expressão criativa e transformadora que se reflete em outros aspectos da vida. Investigamos os elementos que compõem e definem a vida cotidiana dos entrevistados. A partir desse contexto verificamos as transformações que essas práticas podem promover em suas vidas. Constatamos a forma como esse tipo de atividade pode constituir um espaço que possibilite ao usuário a compreensão do papel de doente e dos limites impostos por essa condição socialmente construída. Promove a inserção social do usuário ao reconhecer suas capacidades, necessidades e desejos. Três entrevistas foram realizadas com usuários de diferentes serviços de Saúde Mental localizados na cidade de São Paulo. A análise dos dados coletados nas entrevistas é realizada a partir da teoria da Psicologia Social formulada por Enrique Pichon-Rivière. Identificamos núcleos temáticos aos quais nos referimos: a casa, trabalho, o serviço como ponte e a visão da doença. / The study has as objective the discussion about the insertion of the leisure activities in the everyday of the Mental Health services users. The relevance of the work is affirmed by the expanding demand for this kind of activity, wich access is restricted. The presented questions have their origin in observations accomplished by an activity called Copa da Inclusão (Inclusion Cup) that gathers Mental Health services located in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. It constitutes in a meeting of users, professionals, relatives and friends. The purposeof the event is promoting the access to leisure activities wich shortage highlights the lack of oportunities provided to then. The leisure aspect is an essential component in the men´s life. It makes possible the liberation of the everyday obligations. From these activities may occur a breakup of the repetitive, stereotyped and alienated way of living. In this space is possible the creative and transformer expression that reflects in others aspects of life. We investigated the elements that compose and define the everyday life of the interviwed people. From this context we verified the transformations that these practices may promote in the their lives. We find the way that this kind of activity can constitute a space that enable for the user the comprehension of the ill role and the imposed limits by this socially built condition. Promotes the social insertion of the user when recognizes his capacities, necessities and desires. Three enterviews were achieved with users of differents services of Mental Health located in the city of São Paulo. The analysis of the data collected in the interviews is accomplished from the Social Psychology theory formulated by Enrique Pichon-Rivière. We identified thematic nucleuses wich we refer: the house, the work, the health service as a bridge and view of the disease.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o cotidiano dos agregados sociais da Praça da Alfândega localizada no centro da cidade de Porto Alegre no Rio Grande Sul. Foram investigados a partir deste espaço os aspectos relacionais, identitários, as expressões subjetivas e estéticas, as fronteiras de convivências assim como as territorializações empreendidas pelos indivíduos que compõem estes agregados sociais no espaço da Praça da Alfândega. Além disso, esta dissertação tem como intuito discutir as questões pertinentes sobre a função do espaço público, cidadania e dos aspectos sobre as formas de sociabilidade e de insociabilidade nas metrópoles contemporâneas. Pode se dizer que a Praça da Alfândega, nesse mosaico de representações sociais, territórios justapostos e signos compreendem um importante lócus de análise do espaço urbano, motivo pelo fato que ela se apresenta para as formas sociais, denominado de agregados sociais um espaço dicotômico da sobrevivência material e da convivência social. Por esse motivo, o estudo do cotidiano dos agregados sociais presentes no espaço da Praça da Alfândega constituem também uma investigação sobre os fenômenos urbanos contemporâneos e suas múltiplas e emergentes práticas sociais se apresentam nos estilos de vida, das formas simbólicas e nos usos dos espaços nas grandes metrópoles. / This paper aims to study the social aggregations’ every day life from Praça da Alfândega, located in the center of Porto Alegre city in Rio Grande Sul. The aspects of relationship and identity, the subjective and esthetic expressions, the borders of acquaintance as well as the territories settled by people who compounded these social groups in the space of Praça da Alfândega were investigated. Besides, this paper also aims to discuss relevant questions about the function of public space, citizenship and aspects about the forms of sociability and unsociability in modern metropolis. It is possible to affirm that Praça da Alfândega, on this mosaic of social representation adjacent territories and symbols form an important locus of analysis about urban space. For this reason, it becomes a dichotomic space both of material survival and of social acquaintance for the social forms, called social aggregations. Because of this reason, the study of the social aggregations’ every day life settled in Praça da Alfândega constitutes also an investigation about recent urban phenomena and their several and emergent social practices according to ways of life, symbolical forms, and settlement in big cities.

This thesis deals with the study of popular culture for example, television series like a typical product of this culture and of research of their consumers. It deals with the shift in the understanding of the importance of the concept of popular culture for example, female audience pursuing series called series "for the whole family. With this selected audience watching the series at the time of normalization, and at the same time pursuing current series I am trying to trace the development, as well as the changes in understanding of pop culture. The aim of this thesis is to determine the movement, changes in the understanding of the concept / importance of popular culture occurred during the period of normalization to the present days. At work I deal with social and political context, defining of popular culture, everydayness and watching TV serials. This is a qualitative research on female audience through in-depth interviews.

The aim of this dissertation is to describe and analyze how discourse as a theoretical and didactical concept can help in advancing knowledge about the teaching of mathematics in school. The dissertation has been written within a socio-cultural perspective where active participation and support from artefacts and mediation are viewed as important contributions to the development of understanding. Discourse analysis was used as a theoretical point of departure to grasp language use, knowledge construction and mathematical content in the teaching practises. The collection of empirical data was made up of video and audio tape recordings of the interaction of teachers and pupils in mathematics classrooms when they deal with problem-solving tasks, as well as discussions between student teachers as they engage in planning a teaching situation in mathematics. Discourse analysis was used as a tool to shed light upon how pupils learn and develop understanding of mathematics. The results of my studies demonstrate that discussions very often are located in either a mathematical or in an every-day discourse. Furthermore, the results demonstrate how change between every-day and mathematical language often takes place unknowingly. Also the results underline that a specific and precise dialogue can contribute towards teachers’ and pupils’ conscious participation in the learning process. Translated into common vocabulary such as speak, think, write, listen and read teachers and pupils would be able to interact over concepts, signs, words, symbols, situations and phenomena in every-day discourse and its mathematical counterpart. When teachers and pupils become aware of discursive boundary crossing in mathematics an understanding of mathematical phenomena can start to develop. Teachers and pupils can construct a meta-language leading to new knowledge and new learning in mathematics. / Syftet med avhandlingen är att beskriva och analysera hur diskurs som teoretiskt- didaktiskt begrepp kan bidra till att utveckla kunskap i och om matematik i skolan. Avhandlingen skrivs utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv där aktivt deltagande med hjälp av artefakter och mediering är viktiga bidrag till förståelsen. För att få syn på språket, kunskapen och matematiken i matematikundervisningen används diskursanalys som teoretisk utgångspunkt och metod. Data insamlingen består av video- och ljudbandsinspelningar av lärares och elevers samtal i ett matematikklassrum då de arbetar med problemlösning och lärarstudenters samtal när de planerar en undervisningssituation i matematik. Diskusanalys har använts som ett redskap för att upptäcka hur elever lär och utvecklar sin förståelse av matematik. Resultaten visar att i mina studier befinner sig samtalet ofta antingen i en matematisk eller i en vardaglig diskurs. Växlingen mellan vardagligt och matematiskt språk sker ofta omedvetet. I avhandlingen understryks att ett specifikt och precist samtal i matematik underlättar ömsesidig förståelse och kan bidra till att lärare och elever blir delaktiga i lärandet. Med hjälp av orden tala, tänka, skriva, lyssna och läsa skulle lärare och elever kunna interagera kring begrepp, tecken, ord, symboler, situationer och företeelser i den vardagliga och den matematiska diskursen och förståelse skulle lättare kunna äga rum i matematik. Genom att lärare och elever blir medvetna om hur de passerar diskursiva gränser både i matematiken och mellan matematik och vardag kan förståelse klargöras. Lärare och elever skulle kunna utveckla ett metaspråk som leder till ny kunskap och nytt lärande inom matematiken i skolan.

Author: Ellen Hedin   Tutor: Ingegerd Rydin   Title: Computer Games as Culture – A qualitative study of the institutionalizing, cultivating, and socially constructing elements of computer game usage Subject: Media and Communication Studies Year: 2009 Purpose: The purpose of the study is to explore the creation of identities related to the interaction mediated through the use of computer games. By perceiving computer game playing as a form of social interaction, searching for the relations between actors and their function, I hope to find that the social features of computer game playing can nurture a self-confident, healthy identity as well as enchancing the players’ quality of life. Method: The methods used are interview, narrative interview and observation. Conclusions: The study concludes that there is a visible culture surrounding computer games that enrich the players’ quality of life as well as enriching their personas through institutionalizing, cultivating and socializing processes. Keywords: Computer, computer game, usage, online culture, communication, gaming, play, dota, gamer, popular culture, reception, young adults, new medium, modern technology, every-day-life.

Les troubles cognitifs constituent incontestablement une des caractéristiques les plus invalidantes de la schizophrénie et sont fortement corrélés aux perturbations de la vie quotidienne et de l’insertion socioprofessionnelle des patients. Différents programmes de remédiation cognitive ont vu le jour ces dernières années. S’ils semblent être le corollaire destroubles cognitifs, leurs bénéfices sur le statut fonctionnel des patients restent peu convaincants à ce jour. En cause : la non prise en compte de la double hétérogénéité des troubles cognitifs et des plaintes des patients. L’alternative proposée à ces études consiste à travailler selon la méthodologie des cas unique ou multiple en partant du pragmatisme des plaintes des patients, pour mettre en oeuvre des interventions centrées sur les activités spécifiques de la vie quotidienne mettant en jeu les aspects fonctionnels altérés. L’objectif de cette thèse a été d’étudier l’efficacité d’une telle démarche. Deux prises en charge individualisées et une prise en charge de groupe ont été élaborées. Une première étude visait à optimiser la réalisation des activités particulières de la vie professionnelle du sujet à travers l’accroissement de l’efficacité de deux sous-composantes de la Mémoire de Travail ; les deux autres études se sont focalisées sur les aspects exécutifs de la mémoire épisodique verbale et ont inclus une stratégie organisationnelle de l’encodage visant à promouvoir les opérations de compréhension et de structuration de l’information, dans le but d’optimiser la réalisation d’activités de la vie quotidienne (lectures, conversations, sorties culturelles, suivi de programmes TV). Les résultats témoignent de l’efficacité et de la spécificité de chacune de ces interventions. Un suivi à long terme a permis d’objectiver une stabilité dans le maintien des acquis et un transfert durable des différents apprentissages dans la vie professionnelle et quotidienne d’un des sujets. / Cognitive impairment is undeniably one of the most debilitating characteristics of schizophrenia, and is also highly correlated with everyday-life, social and professional integration difficulties found in patients. Many cognitive remediation programs have been created in the last few years. However, if they seem to be corollary of cognitive dysfunction, their effects on patients’ functional status seem less convincing. This is not surprising since the double heterogeneity found in cognitive impairments and patients’ complaints is not taken into account. Our alternative to these studies consists of focusing on single and multiple-case studies, and to design functionally-driven interventions specifically suited to everyday-life difficulties patients complain of. The aim of this thesis is therefore to evaluate the efficiency of this framework through individualized and group interventions. Our first study aimed at improving the patient’s ability to perform specific tasks at work via an increased efficiency of two Working Memory sub-components (mental load and management of interferences); the following two studies focused on executive aspects involved in verbal episodic memory. These two studies included an organizational strategy, which aimed at facilitating comprehension and structuration of information, in order to optimize their participation in every-day life activities (reading, conversations, cultural activities, watching TV shows or films). Our results show that these interventions are efficient and specific. Long-term assessments also suggest that the improvements are stable over time, an

Bakgrund: Antal personer som lider av Kronisk obstruktiv lungsjukdom (KOL) ökar både i Sverige och i världen. KOL beskrivs som en kronisk, progressiv sjukdom som orsakar en betydande känsla av ohälsa och leder till lidande. Luftflödeshinder med andnöd till följd är de vanligaste besvären, vilka är individuella och varierar från dag till dag. Sjukdomens besvär varierar i svårighetsgrad mellan olika individer men även förutsättningarna att hantera dem. Därmed finns det i vårdandet ett stort krav på kompetens hos sjuksköterskan. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa olika strategier som personer med KOL använder i hemmiljön för att hantera det dagliga livet. Metod: Allmän litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ design. Resultat: Strategier som används i hemmiljön av personer med KOL belystes i fyra kategorier: Kunskap och känsla av kontroll, anpassning av aktivitetsnivå, stöd och livsstilsförändringar. Slutsats: Vanliga strategier hos personer med KOL för att hantera det dagliga livet var att anpassa sin aktivitetsnivå till sin fysiska kapacitet, fördjupa sin kunskap om sjukdomen samt att se personer i sin omgivning som emotionellt och praktiskt stöd. Livsstilsförändringar kan medföra ökat välbefinnande. Forskning i framtiden behöver fokusera på hur patienters egenvårdsförmåga och autonomi kan stärkas. / Background: The number of people suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing both in Sweden and in the world. COPD is described as a chronic, progressive disease that causes a significant sense of illness and leads to suffering. Restricted airflow with shortness of breath are the most common problems, which are individual and vary from day to day. The disease severity and ways to cope, varies between individuals. The demand is high regarding the competence among nurses in the nursing care. Aim: The aim was to highlight different strategies that people with COPD use at home to manage their day-to-day life. Method: General literature overview with qualitative design. Results: Strategies used in the home environment of people with COPD were presented in four categories: Knowledge and sense of control, adaptation of activity level, support and lifestyle changes. Conclusion: Common strategies for people with COPD to manage daily life were to adjust their activity level to their physical capacity, to expand their knowledge of the disease and to see people in their environment as emotional and practical support. Lifestyle changes can lead to increased well-being. Future research needs to focus on how patients' self-efficacy and autonomy can be strengthened.

This thesis based on an archive research as well as interviews with eleven interviewees describes aspects of every day routine in the lives of western foreigners in Czechoslovakia during the nineteen-seventies and eighties. Testimonies of the interviewees are set in context where a special emphasis is placed on legislation and internal regulations mostly of bodies of the Ministry of Interior concerning Czechoslovak visa policy, the status of foreigner in relation to Czechoslovakian citizens (marriages) and the police apparatus (observing, tailing and monitoring). Based on the testimonies and the archive material it can be concluded that the Czechoslovakian regime did not see the western foreigners as a priori ideological enemies and tolerated their presence in Czechoslovakia. Bureaucratic procedures, however, were set in such a fashion that the foreigners could be closely observed. A fear of not having their stay extended, resp. being expelled, often led those interviewees who wanted to live in Czechoslovakia permanently to subconsciously avoid conflicts with the regime. All interviewees are critical of the former regime and are able to accurately characterize its nature and its main negative aspects, but at the same time they perceived positively certain aspects of life in the brought-into-line...