Enligt nuvarande läroplan ska eleverna ges möjlighet att utveckla sitt skrivande både för hand och med digitala verktyg. Enligt skrivforskning är undervisning i årskurs 4–6 ett område som har ägnats alltför lite uppmärksamhet åt, främst när det gäller digital skrivning eftersom merparten av forskningen fokuserar på elever i de yngre och äldre åldrarna. Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med kunskap om hur olika svensklärare i årskurs 4–6 beskriver att de arbetar med digitala verktyg i skrivundervisningen och deras uppfattningar av digitala skrivverktyg. Frågeställningar som besvarats är: Hur beskriver verksamma svensklärare användandet av digitala verktyg i svenskämnets skrivundervisning? Vilka uppfattningar har olika svensklärare av digitala verktyg i skrivundervisningen? Semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med fyra svensklärare för att bevara studiens frågeställningar. Datamaterialet har analyserats med en fenomenografisk ansats. Resultaten visar att eleverna använder digitala skrivverktyg i hög grad jämfört med att skriva för hand. Dessutom visar utfallet av den fenomenografiska analysen på sju olika sätt att uppfatta digitala skrivverktyg. / According to the current curriculum, students should be given the opportunity to develop their writing both by hand and with digital tools. According to research on writing, teaching in grades 4-6 is an area that has received too little attention, especially when it comes to digital writing, as most of the research focuses on students in the younger and older ages. The purpose of this study is to contribute knowledge about how different Swedish teachers in grades 4-6 describe how they work with digital tools when they teach writing and their perceptions of digital writing tools. The research questions that have been answered are: “How do Swedish teachers describe the use of digital tools in writing instruction?” and “What perceptions do different Swedish teachers have of digital tools in writing instruction?” Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four Swedish teachers to preserve the study's issues. The data material has been analyzed with a phenomenographic approach. The results show that students use digital writing tools to a greater extent compared to writing by hand. In addition, the outcome of the phenomenographic analysis shows seven different ways of perceiving digital writing tools.

Digitaliseringen har fått ett större utrymme i skolans undervisning och kan leda till förändringar i skrivundervisningen. Elevers röster och åsikter behöver tas i beaktande när skrivundervisningen planeras. Syftet med studien är att belysa elevers uppfattningar om skrivutveckling, skrivundervisning samt analoga och digitala skrivverktyg. För att besvara syftet användes frågeställningarna; Hur upplever elever skrivundervisning och syftet med skrivandet och vilka erfarenheter och uppfattningar har elever av olika skrivverktyg? För att besvara frågeställningarna intervjuades fem elever genom en semistrukturerad intervju som sedan transkriberades och analyserades utifrån en tematisk analys. Studien tar sin utgångspunkt i Simple View of Writing. Resultatet redovisas genom fyra rubriker som är kopplade till studiens syfte; Skrivundervisning och skrivutveckling, skrivsituationer, skrivverktyg och elevers uppfattning av redigering med olika skrivverktyg. Resultatet påvisar att eleverna inte har så stor kunskap om sin skrivutveckling och varför de lär sig skriva. Resultatet visar dessutom att elever mestadels använder lärplattan när de skriver. / Digitization has been giving a lot more room in the education system. This might lead to changes in the writing classes. Therefore, the opinions of pupils need to be considered when planning writing classes. The aim of this study is to investigate how pupils perceives writing development, writing education as well as analog and digital writing tool. To achieve the goal of this study the following questions were asked; How do pupils experience writing classes and the purpose of writing, also what experience do pupils have of different tools of writing? Five pupils were interviewed through a semi-structured interview which later was transcribed and analyzed based on a thematic analysis. The study is based on Simple View of Writing. The results are reported through four headings that are linked to the purpose of this study: Writing education and writing development, writing situations, writing tools and students’ understanding of editing with different writing tools. The result shows that the pupils have little knowledge about their writing development and why they learn to write. Also, the result shows that most of the writing is done on the learning board.

Studiens syfte är att jämföra hur elevers narrativa texter i årskurs 6 skiljer sig åt beroende på om de skrivs med hjälp av analoga skrivverktyg eller digitala skrivverktyg med ordbehandlingsprogram. Studien omfattar åtta elevtexter som analyserats utifrån aspekterna stavning, särskrivning samt felanvändning av versaler och gemener. En teoretisk utgångspunkt som studien utgått från är det sociokulturella perspektivets tankesätt om medierande redskap, där dessa redskap i vår studie är penna och tangentbord. Den andra teoretiska utgångspunkten är kognitivismen med fokus på kognitiva och sensomotoriska processers betydelse för elevers textskrivande. Resultatet visade att eleverna hade betydligt fler fel i sina analoga texter jämfört med de digitala gällande stavfel och felanvändning av versaler och gemener men däremot utmärkte sig resultatet för särskrivning eftersom inga skillnader blev framträdande oavsett vilket skrivverktyg som användes. Som förväntat presterade eleverna bättre i sina digitala texter där mycket går att koppla till det ordbehandlingsprogram som eleverna fick hjälp av. En annan viktig iakttagelse är att de analoga texterna innehöll oroväckande mycket fel vilket kan innebära att analoga texter skrivs allt mer sällan och att elever därför går miste om viktiga förmågor kopplat till de kognitiva och sensomotoriska processerna. Med andra ord visar resultatet att valet av medierande redskap har betydelse för elevernas skrivande.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:06:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaGS_DISSERT.pdf: 3445366 bytes, checksum: 68440e4fb7bb00bea09b12ac4797d669 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-29 / The construction of a mapping of the practices of reading and writing printed and digital texts, declared by graduating students from the Bachelor s degree in Science and Technology (BCT), has provided us the analysis of the course they are making in such a socio-historical moment characterized by the revolution of the post-paper. In this sense, the general objective of this research is to understand how that construction works under the point of view of those graduating students. For this, our reflection has been guided by the search of answers for some questions which have presented to us: what reading and writing conceptions BCT graduating students have; what reading and writing practices those collaborators develop; what collections they declare to have access to; what differences they declare to have between printed and digital reading and writing along the different social roles they develop; what the reader/writer identity relations of those collaborators are. To achieving the plausible answers, we have gathered a corpus composed by texts of three genres of the argument order: academic profiles (or self-portrait), opinion articles and argumentative letters. Besides, we have made semi-structured interviews and questionnaires in the online tool of the Google Docs. The methodology which supports this academic work is the qualitative research (SIGNORINI; CAVALCANTI, 1998)of ethnographic direction (THOMAS, 1993; ANDR?, 1995) in Applied Linguistics (CELANI, 2000; MOITA-LOPES, 2006) and the theoretical contribution comes from the bakhtinian perspective of language conception (BAKHTIN [1929] 1981); the socio-historical writing construction (L?VY, 1996; CHARTIER, R., 1998, 2002, 2007; COSCARELLI, 2006; CHARTIER, A., 2007; ARA?JO, 2007; COSCARELLI; RIBEIRO, 2007; XAVIER, 2009; MARCUSCHI; XAVIER, 2010); from the studies of the pedagogy of the writing (GIROUX, 1997); from the literacy studies understood as sociocultural practice, plural and situated (TFOUNI, 1988; KLEIMAN, 1995; TINOCO, 2003, 2008; OLIVEIRA; KLEIMAN, 2008), from the studies about identity in postmodernity (HALL, 2003; BAUMAN, 2005). The results of the analysis have pointed at a multiplicity of reading/writing practices of printed and digital texts developed by the BCT graduating students due to the coexistence of the modality printed and that one derived from the new mobile devices. In that multiplicity, the prevalent idea of the collaborators is that there is a continuum between printed texts and digital texts (not a dichotomy), since the option of reading/writing printed texts or digital ones is always linked to specific communication situations, which involve participants, objectives, strategies, values, (dis)advantages, besides (re)creation of discursive genres in function of the mobile devices to which those collaborators have access in the different spheres of activities that they participate. All of that has caused a deep intersection in the identity traces of college students readers/writers in the 21st century which cannot be ignored by academic formation / A constru??o de um mapeamento das pr?ticas de ler e escrever textos impressos e digitais, declaradas por graduandos do Bacharelado em Ci?ncias e Tecnologia (BCT), propiciou-nos a an?lise do percurso que eles est?o fazendo em um momento s?cio-hist?rico caracterizado pela revolu??o do p?s-papel. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa ? compreender como se d? essa constru??o sob o ponto de vista desses graduandos. Para tanto, norteou nossa reflex?o a busca por respostas a algumas quest?es que se nos apresentaram: 1) quais as concep??es de leitura e escrita dos graduandos do BCT; 2) quais as pr?ticas de leitura e escrita que esses colaboradores desenvolvem; 3) quais os acervos (digital, impresso ou ambos) a que eles declaram ter acesso; 4) que diferen?as eles declaram existir entre a leitura e a escrita impressa e a digital no exerc?cio dos diferentes pap?is sociais que desenvolvem; 5) quais as rela??es identit?rias de leitor/escrevente desses colaboradores. Para chegarmos a respostas plaus?veis, reunimos um corpus constitu?do de textos de tr?s g?neros da ordem do argumentar: perfis acad?micos (ou autorretratos), artigos de opini?o e cartas argumentativas. Al?m disso, realizamos entrevista semiestruturada e question?rio na ferramenta online do Google Docs. A metodologia que sustentou este trabalho acad?mico ? a de pesquisa qualitativa (SIGNORINI; CAVALCANTI, 1998) de vertente etnogr?fica (THOMAS, 1993; ANDR?, 1995) em Lingu?stica Aplicada (CELANI, 2000; MOITA-LOPES, 2006) e o aporte te?rico vem da concep??o de l?ngua(gem) de perspectiva bakhtiniana (BAKHTIN [1929] 1981); da constru??o s?cio-hist?rica da escrita (L?VY, 1996; CHARTIER, R., 1998, 2002, 2007; COSCARELLI, 2006; CHARTIER, A., 2007; ARA?JO, 2007; COSCARELLI; RIBEIRO, 2007; XAVIER, 2009; MARCUSCHI; XAVIER, 2010); dos estudos da pedagogia da escrita (GIROUX, 1997); dos estudos do letramento entendido como pr?tica sociocultural, plural e situada (TFOUNI, 1988; KLEIMAN, 1995; TINOCO, 2003, 2008; OLIVEIRA; KLEIMAN, 2008), dos estudos sobre identidade na p?s-modernidade (HALL, 2003; BAUMAN, 2005). Os resultados da an?lise empreendida apontam-nos para uma multiplicidade de pr?ticas de leitura/escrita de textos impressos e digitais desenvolvidas por graduandos do BCT devido ? coexist?ncia da modalidade impressa e da que decorre dos novos dispositivos m?veis. Nessa multiplicidade, a ideia que prevalece do ponto de vista desses colaboradores ? a de um continuum entre textos impressos e textos digitais (n?o uma dicotomia), uma vez que a op??o por ler/escrever textos impressos ou textos digitais est? sempre atrelada a situa??es de comunica??o espec?ficas, que envolvem participantes, objetivos, estrat?gias, valores, (des)vantagens, al?m da (re)cria??o de g?neros discursivos em fun??o dos dispositivos m?veis a que esses colaboradores t?m acesso nas diferentes esferas de atividade de que participam. Tudo isso tem ocasionado uma profunda intersec??o nos tra?os de identidade de leitores/escreventes universit?rios do s?culo XXI que n?o pode ser ignorada pela forma??o acad?mica

<p dir="ltr">Since the Electronic Software Association (ESA) began reporting data for the video game industry in 2002, women have represented nearly half of the game playing population. However, despite this stable statistic, the industry’s ideal “Gamer” is consistently depicted as a young, white, cisgender, heterosexual, able-bodied male, and the games industry frequently targets this idealized identity through advertising and game design. This has resulted in a culture that is notably toxic towards women and marginalized players, built on an assumption of meritocracy within games—or the expectation that every player begins each game with the same advantages, disadvantages, and skills as every other player. While the construction of gamer identity has received extensive scholarly attention, gaming peripherals—such as video game controllers—are either minimized or left entirely out of the conversation. This dissertation, informed by feminist methodologies in technical communication and game studies, uses a mixed-methods approach involving archival research, visual analysis, surveys, and interviews to understand the intersections of video game controllers and gamer identity. Using Microsoft’s Xbox as a case study, the findings demonstrate how a dominant narrative has controlled controller design decisions through iterative processes. This has resulted in controllers that are more uncomfortable, more unusable, and more frustrating for and viewed more negatively by women and marginalized players. For each controller iteration, women and marginalized participants rated controllers significantly lower. Though the total improvement score (TIS) from first iteration to current iteration were similar between women and marginalized participants and cismale participants, the lower starting point for women and marginalized participants resulted in a lower ending point. Design decisions across controller iterations privilege cismale experiences, reifying gamer identity through controller design and resulting in not just an ideal gamer identity, but an ideal gamer body. </p>

I den digitala utveckling som sker inom skolans värld använder eleverna datorn i allt större utsträckning när de producerar texter. Som en del i att skapa en vetenskaplig grund för att förstå hur digitala verktyg kan påverka textskapande är syftet med denna studie att undersöka på vilket sätt det medierande redskapet för att producera text, i detta fall tangentbord, skärm och ordbehandlingsprogram eller papper och penna, förändrar texters transitivitet och hur idéationella betydelser realiseras i de olika texttyperna. Studien ämnar även undersöka hur agentiviteten i texter förändras beroende på medierande redskap och vilka skillnader som det går att identifiera i nyttjandet av olika pronomen i agentiva processer. Tjugo texter skrivna av elever i årskurs 4 och 5 analyserades med utgångspunkt i systemisk funktionell textanalys och analysmetoderna transitivitetsanalys och ergativitetsanalys. Studiens resultat är inkonklusiva och ingen slutsats kan dras om skrivverktygens påverkan på texternas transitivitet eller agentivitet. Studien visar hur uppgiftbeskrivningar för elevers skolskrivande är mer avgörande för hur innehållet konstrueras än om de skriver för hand eller på datorn och bidrar med kunskap för vidare forskning. / In today’s developing digital era, students in school rely to an increasing extent when producing texts. As part of an effort to contribute to creating a scientific basis in regard to understanding how digital tools affects how text is constructed, this study aims to explore in which way the mediating tool for text production, in this case keyboard, screen, and word processing software versus paper and pen, changes the transitivity in texts and how ideational meaning is realised. Additionally, the study investigates how the ergativity in texts change depending on mediating tool and what differences in the use of pronouns can be identified in ergativ processes. Twenty texts written by fourth and fifth grade students are analysed based on Systemic-Functional text analysis and the analysis methods of transitivity analysis and ergativity analysis. The study’s results are inconclusive, providing no clear conclusions on the impact of writing tools on the transitivity or agency of texts. However, the study reveals that task descriptions for students' writing are more critical in shaping content than the choice between handwriting or typing, contributing valuable insights for further research.

<p dir="ltr">The early COVID-19 pandemic presented a sudden and shared challenge to educators across the country. This dissertation focuses on the challenges presented to writing program administrators (WPAs), a group in higher education who provides leadership and guidance to courses which frequently fulfill writing requirements for students such as First Year Composition. In asking what we can learn from these WPAs who supported teaching and learning in difficult times, I arrive at an understanding of education which is always changing and in crisis. I position writing program administration—which is often poorly-understood, capacious work—within what we know about wicked problems (Rittel & Webber, 1973), which are iterative and socially situated in ways that call for responsiveness and collaboration. To respond to this exigence, I begin to describe an approach of <i>agile writing program administration</i>, which centers the needs of students and teachers through changes that affect teaching and learning.</p><p dir="ltr">My study began with a survey (n=55) collecting information from WPAs on how they targeted support to instructors in 2020’s Emergency Remote Teaching. I then conducted a series of two interviews (n=13) that included narratives of that support, reflections on programmatic decisions, and analysis of texts created to support instructors and students. This data analysis led me to four themes that describe agile WPAs in the early pandemic: centering humans; promoting accessibility and usability; responding to users; and strategizing to respond to change.</p><p dir="ltr">Responding to Lindquist's (2021) call for the field of writing studies to revisit its commonplaces of work, I reconsider commonplaces of writing program administration: its activities, what it takes for granted, and what often goes unseen with this work. Most importantly, I move away from any commonplace understanding of education as stable. Instead, I argue that writing program administration, like any wicked problem, is an iterative problem which therefore requires iterative response. Just as the pandemic didn't definitively end, the issues facing down a WPA continue and change and multiply. WPAs are asked to navigate changes in student populations and needs, updates to local and statewide policies, and an increasingly contingent instructional labor force in higher education. An agile framework for writing program administration can inform more practical and intentional ways for WPAs to achieve their goals of supporting, first and foremost, the instructors and students involved in these writing programs.</p>