Den här studien syftar till att undersöka hur och vad Disney kommunicerar till sin publik genom deras film Frost (2013). Eftersom Disney idag står för en dominerande part av filmunderhållningen för barn bär de också ett ansvar för de budskapen de förmedlar genom sina filmer, då barn kan komma att påverkas av dem. I den här studien har Frost (2013) studerats genom en kvalitativ textanalys med hjälp av Peter Dahlgrens metod för att analysera medietext, med fokus på textens uppbyggnad och den narrativa dynamiken i medietexten (filmen). Analysen har gjorts utifrån ett normkritiskt perspektiv. Analysen visade att Frost bryter sig loss från flera av Disneys tidigare mönster och strukturer och lyckas skapa en mindre förutsägbar saga. Analysen visade också framträdandet av en ny roll; den falska skurken, som användes just i syftet att skapa en mindre förutsägbar saga. Till skillnader från flera tidigare porträtteringar av Disney-prinsessor visar Frost två feminint starka och självständiga kvinnliga karaktärer, som agerar på eget bevåg. Frost ifrågasätter också Disneys tidigare attityd kring att kärlek kan uppstå vid första ögonkastet, samt att romantisk kärlek är det starkaste och mest värdefulla typen av kärlek. För första gången någonsin porträtterar Frost familjekärlek som starkare än romantisk kärlek. / This study aims to examine how and what Disney is communicating to its audience through its movie Frozen (2013). Since Disney currently is a dominant party of the movie entertainment for children they bear a great responsibility for the messages they convey through their movies, as children may be influenced by them. In this study, Frozen (2013) has been studied by a qualitative text analysis using Peter Dahlgren's approach for analyzing media text, with focus on the textual construction and the narrative dynamics of the media text (the movie). The analysis was made based on a norm-critical perspective. The analysis showed that Frozen breaks free from many of Disney's past patterns and structures and manages to create a less predictable tale. The analysis also showed the emergence of a new role; the fake villain, used precisely in order to create a less predictable tale. In differences from several earlier portrayals of the Disney Princess Frozen shows two feminine strong and independent female characters, who act on their own authority. Frozen also questions Disney's previous attitude concerning that love can arise at first sight, and that romantic love is the strongest and most valuable type of love. For the first time in forever in a Princess movie Frozen manages to portray love between family members as stronger than romantic love.

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En tant que première destination touristique aux Etats-Unis, les parcs à thèmes Disney représentent un phénomène culturel important et une opportunité unique d’évaluer les médias de masse à l’aune de leur influence sur les usages et les conduites. L’analyse se propose d’interroger le concept d’imachination (imagineering), qui désigne chez Disney la conception des environnements thématiques et narratifs des parcs. Au travers de l’examen des protocoles de création des parcs, il s’agit de déterminer comment leurs concepteurs réunissent dans l’environnement certains critères de la narrativité ainsi que les récits qu’ils s’attachent à y raconter. Ainsi, le parc offre l’image d’un monde fictionnel qui, reflétant sous une forme objective certaines valeurs portées par la société américaine, décrit les conditions d’une bonne entente entre le visiteur et son environnement. Investi par le moyen de récits d’attributs psychologiques (souvenirs, valeurs), l’espace du parc oeuvre à la répartition des tâches entre le paysage et l’usager : en assignant un rôle à l’un et à l’autre, l’espace narratif soumet leurs interactions à un script préalable, si bien que les conduites et les émotions du second y relèvent d’une performance.En même temps qu’ils décrivent implicitement les conditions du bon usage du parc, les récits servent à la mobilisation d’acteurs distincts, et, ce faisant, à l’élaboration d’un système sociotechnique : de grands récits de progrès technique et économique ont ainsi permis à la compagnie de s’attacher le concours de grandes corporations américaines et d’obtenir pour son complexe floridien un statut juridique particulier, donnant le jour à un système de production inédit. / As the number-one tourist destination in the United States, the Disney theme parks are asignificant cultural phenomenon and present a unique opportunity to evaluate mass communication inlight of its influence on the user’s behavior and practices. This study aims to provide an analysis of “Imagineering”—that is, the design of narrative environments in the Disney-branded theme parks. By examining the design processes at work in the parks, the analysis shows what stories theso-called “Imagineers” intend to tell as well as how these stories fulfill the requirements of narratives in the very environment of the parks. The park thus presents the image of a fictional world that reflects the values of American society in an objective form, and in so doing provides the conditions for conformity between the user and the environment. As the repository of subjective and psychological traits (memories, values), the narrative space of the park distributes the tasks at hand between the visitor and the environment. By assigning each its role, the park subjects their interaction to a pre-established script—so well that the visitor’s behaviorsand emotions take on the appearance of performances. Besides providing implicit instructions for the proper use of the parks, narratives also serve to mobilize various social agents and in doing so create new sociotechnical systems. Grand narratives of technical and economic progress have thus helped the company secure the collaboration of prominent American corporations as well as a specific legal status for its Florida resort, giving rise to a new production system.

I denna uppsats analyseras Disneyfilmen Mulan från 1998 ur ett feministiskt perspektiv. I en tid då feminismen återigen står högt upp på dagordningen och eftersom det fortfarande debatteras kring Mulan och feminism ville vi författare undersöka på djupet om Mulan kan kallas för feministisk. Med utgångspunkt i Judith Butlers feministiska teorier om hur genus konstrueras och är en maskerad kompletterat med Laura Mulveys teorier kring den manliga blicken i film samt Margareta Rönnbergs förklaring av den kvinnligt kodade hedoniska makten kontra den manligt kodade agoniska så har vi författare gjort en narrativ analys av filmen Mulan samt en karaktärsanalys av karaktären Mulan och hittat tydliga exempel på hur filmen bryter med rådande genusnormer, bekräftar maskeradbegreppet och bryter mot den manliga blicken. Filmen är dock problematisk då den innehåller scener som också bekräftar rådande makt- och genusstrukturer och där scener mellan kvinnor ges väldigt lite speltid, något vi utforskat genom Bechdel-Wallace-testet. Ser man dock till filmen i sin helhet, går in på djupet i dess narrativ och undersöker karaktären Mulan så är det denna uppsats mening att Mulan är en feministisk film. / In this essay the Disney-movie Mulan from 1998 has been analyzed through a feminist approach. In a time when feminism once again is a burning issue and since there is still a debate regarding Mulan and feminism this essay wanted to investigate if Mulan could actually be called a feminist movie. Based on Judith Butler’s feministic ideas regarding how gender is a construction and a masquerade combined with Laura Mulvey’s theory about the male gaze in movies and Margareta Rönnbergs explanation of the female coded hedonic power versus the male coded agonic we writers have made an narrative analysis of the movie Mulan and also an analysis of the character Mulan and found clear examples of how the movie breaks with current norms of gender, confirms the theory of masquerade and doesn’t conform to the male gaze. However, the movie is problematic since it contains scenes that also confirm current power and gender structures and scenes with just women are given very short screentime, something we have explored through the Bechdel-Wallace-test. If you look at the movie as a whole, goes in depth into the movies narrative and look at the character Mulan it is this essays conclusion that Mulan is a feministic movie. / <p>Cecilia Mörner var examinator för den här uppsatsen medan Per Vesterlund var examinator för kursen och den som attesterade kursens betyg (och därför står som examinator på titelsidan men inte i metadata).</p><p></p>

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / To conceive a movie as a document and as a historic tool is important nowadays, when images are considered fundamental in the acceptance and reception of specific purposes in the teaching level or in people s everyday lives. This dissertation intends to study the representative connections of the American approach policies in the 40 s through a cinematographic perspective, especially through the Disney movies Saludos, amigos! (1942) and The three caballeros (1945). These movies highlight some aspects of the Argentinean and Brazilian history, as well as of some other Latin-American countries, revealing the American impressions about South American countries and Mexico during World War II. This period featured the approximation of the North American and Latin American politics. This dissertation intends to provide a critical analysis of the historical and political fields in relation to the cultural and cinematographic universes, highlighting their closeness and detachments, taking in consideration the theoretic studies that relate the movies as an advertisement tool, spreader of ideologies, of moral codes, of philosophical divagations and of political propositions that would result in the spectator s acceptance and abidance. / Conceber um filme como documento e instrumento da história é importante nos tempos de hoje em que as imagens são tratadas como fundamentais na aceitação e na recepção de determinados propósitos sejam eles em nível de docência ou no cotidiano das pessoas. Esta dissertação pretende estudar os vínculos representativos das políticas de aproximação dos Estados Unidos na década de 1940 a partir do viés cinematográfico, em especial o cinema de Walt Disney nos filmes Saludos, amigos! (1942) e The three caballeros (1945). Esses filmes evidenciam aspectos da história da Argentina e do Brasil e de outros países latino-americanos -, a partir de questões culturais e históricas, revelando, também, uma visão dos Estados Unidos sobre os países sul americanos e sobre o México, durante o período da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Esse momento se caracterizou pelo estreitamento dos laços entre a política norte-americana e a América Latina. Desse modo, a realização desta dissertação visa proporcionar uma análise crítica entre os campos históricos e políticos com os universos culturais e cinematográficos, evidenciando suas proximidades, seus distanciamentos e, levando em conta os estudos de teóricos que relacionam o cinema enquanto instrumento de propaganda, divulgador de ideologias, de questões morais, de divagações filosóficas e de proposições políticas que remeteriam à aceitação e a cooptação do espectador.

This study aims to examinehow and what Disney communicate to their target audience, by analyzing the four animated feature films Peter Pan (1953), The Lion King (1994), Pocahontas (1995), and Princess and the Frog (2009). The animated movies have been analyzed through a qualitative method to get a better understanding of how Disney portray their male antagonists through queer coding. Through semiotics, and Peter Dahlgren's approach to analyzing media texts, we have gained a deeper understanding of what Disney is communicating. The study shows that there are many obvious cases of queer coding because of the stereotypically feminine way that the male villains are portrayed. The villains show signs of this femininity through everything from facial features to bodily movements. Through this detailed analysis it has come to our attention, that there is no doubt that the villains are being portrayed in a much more feminine way in comparison to the remaining characters in the movies. / Den här studien syftar till att undersökahur och vad Disney kommunicerar genom de fyra animerade filmerna Peter Pan (1953), Lejonkungen (1994), Pocahontas (1995) och Prinsessan och grodan (2009). Målet har varit att få en djupare förståelse för hur Disney porträtterar sina manliga antagonister utifrån queer coding. I den här studien analyserades filmerna genom en kvalitativ och semiotisk textanalys med hjälp av Peter Dahlgrens metod för att analysera medietexter. Studien visar att det förekommer flera antydningar till queer coding, nämligen stereotypiska porträtteringar av genuskonstruktioner, hos de manliga skurkarna. Vi har analyserat att de signalerar stereotypisk femininitet genom allt från ansiktsdrag till rörelsemönster. Att de manliga antagonisterna porträtteras med tydligt feminina drag, särskilt i jämförelse med övriga karaktärer inom filmerna, är uppenbart.

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El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal poder realizar un estudio sobre la historia de Maléfica contada en las películas de Disney para poder presentar un mayor conocimiento sobre este tema. De igual manera, conocer a mayor profundidad a este personaje que ha ido presentando algunos cambios con el pasar del tiempo. Por consiguiente, se realizará una propuesta de colección tomando en consideración las diversas referencias seleccionadas de color, forma y textura de acuerdo con el tema de inspiración. Es importante mencionar, que parte de la metodología del trabajo es realizar entrevistas a dos expertos que apoyen con información necesaria sobre el trabajo de investigación. Por último, se desarrollarán investigaciones sobre diversos referentes de diseño que ayuden a tener una idea más concisa para poder realizar una colección que refleje al personaje de Maléfica. / The main objective of the following project is to be able to carry out a study about the story of Maleficent told in Disney films to present a greater knowledge on this subject. In the same way, get to know this character in greater depth, who has been presenting some changes over time. Consequently, a collection proposal will be made taking into consideration the various selected references of color, shape, and texture according to the inspiration theme. It is important to mention that part of the methodology of the project is to interview two experts who provide the necessary information about the research work. Finally, research will be carried out on different design references that will help to have a more concise idea to be able to make a collection that reflects the character of Maleficent. / Trabajo de investigación

Denna kvalitativa studie syftade till att studera barns perspektiv på genus utifrån fyraDisney-karaktärer. Studien riktar sig till verksamma pedagoger inom förskolan ochkan bidra till en förståelse om genus och barns könsföreställningar. Genom att sepopulärkulturen som ett verktyg kan pedagoger i förskolan ta vara på barns intresseoch utgå ifrån dessa i sin undervisning. Studien belyser barns könsföreställningar ochhur de utrycks i fokusgruppsintervjuer. Intervjuerna med barnen gjordes ifokusgrupper och var semistrukturerade. I studien har barnen visat på ett stortengagemang, lust och nyfikenhet att diskutera genus tillsammans med varandra samtmed oss vuxna. Utifrån de teman som växte fram under studiens analysprocesstenderade barnen att ha stereotypiska könsföreställningar och barnen har ocksåanvänt sig utav liknande begrepp för att beskriva och könsdefinieramediakaraktärer.Nyckelord: genus, barn, förskola, populärkultur, fokusgrupper, genusordning,könsföreställningar, könsskillnader, Disney / This qualitative study aimed to study children’s perspective on gender when talkingabout four Disney characters. The study is aimed towards working educators inpreschools and can contribute to an understanding of gender and children’s genderperceptions. By seeing popular culture as a tool, preschool educators can takeadvantage of children’s interests and base their teaching on them. The study has shedlight on children’s gender beliefs, further how they are expressed in focus groupinterviews. The interviews with the children were in focusgroups and was semistructured. In this study children have shown great commitment, desire, and curiosityto discuss gender, both together with each other and also with us adults. Based on thethemes that emerged during the analysis process, children had tendencies ofstereotypical gender beliefs and the children used similar concepts to describe anddefine the gender on media characters.