Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-07T20:28:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SulianeBeatrizRauberDissertacao2016.pdf: 3110782 bytes, checksum: 762f0395a902e6696c13444254c0df77 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-07T20:28:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SulianeBeatrizRauberDissertacao2016.pdf: 3110782 bytes, checksum: 762f0395a902e6696c13444254c0df77 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-07T20:28:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SulianeBeatrizRauberDissertacao2016.pdf: 3110782 bytes, checksum: 762f0395a902e6696c13444254c0df77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / Sedentary behavior, coupled with poor diet has increasingly reached children, teenagers and their families worldwide. The drastic reduction in the time devoted to active and spontaneous movement has been a matter of great concern among professionals who are dedicated to the prevention of diseases in children and adolescents, since the sedentary lifestyle has contributed to the increasing incidence of obesity and chronic diseases such as hypertension. Educational programs have been considered an important tool to improve this situation. The objective of the study was evaluate the impacts of a Recreational Education Program in Children???s Health (PRESI) through a camp, weekly meetings and by the use of an application on metabolic control, cardiovascular responses, physical fitness, level of knowledge about healthy habits, lifestyle changes of children with overweight and obesity. The PRESI was divided into Phase 1 involved a five-day summer camp called ACAMP, and PHASE 2 comprised 12 weeks of follow-up with a weekly meeting totaling 12 meetings of two hours each (12 weeks). ACAMP participated in 20 children (9 boys and 11 girls; 9.4 ?? 1.1 years), and of these 20 children, 12 (9.4 ?? 0.96 years) also participated in the follow-up during 12 weeks. Anthropometric, blood pressure and resting heart rate were measured in addition to the completion of the thermal stress test Cold Pressor Test, blood collections for evaluating biochemical variables (glucose, lipemia and apolipoproteins A-1 and B), level of physical activity , food intake, sleep quality and level of knowledge about health. For pre and post camp comparison we used the Student t test (t) and three times (pre and post ACAMP and 12 weeks), with normal distribution, it used ANOVA for repeated measures. We use the test d'Cohen to verify the magnitude of the responses by the sample is small. For comparison of food proportions between groups, we used the McNemar test. Was adopted p <0.05 for statistically significant differences. Results Phase 1: Significant reduction in SBP (115.15 ?? 10.40 vs 105.80 ?? 8,58mmHg) and DBP (77.10 ?? 9.26 vs 70.00 ?? 6,49mmHg) was observed when pre- vs. post ACAMP were compared respectively (p <0.05). When comparing pre and post ACAMP observed that: HOMA beta showed a decrease of 56.2% (98.8); lipid profile was decreased CT 18.95 mg / dl, LDL 9,7mg/dL, non-HDL 16.15 mg/dL and triglycerides 27.05 mg / dl; and APO A1 and B had an average decrease of 8% (- 10.3 mg / dl) and 9% (- 7.6 mg/dL), respectively. Phase 2: the resting PAS reduced 8,92mmHg and 6,58mmHg and 1,67mmHg 2 mmHg and DBP after ACAMP and 12 weeks, respectively, when compared with the pre times. The average basal insulin fell 5.59 ??UI / ml after ACAMP compared with the pre and these values remained low after 12 weeks. CT decreased 13.4% after ACAMP (p <0.003) and 18.9% after 12 weeks and APO A1 fell by 9,42mg / dl post ACAMP (p = 0.31) and 4,42mg / dl (p = 0.59) after 12 weeks compared with pre. The total NAF increased (16.95%, 172.99 METs) and among the types of households that had higher increases the Leisure is what has improved significantly, both during the week (NAFLDS increase of 26.06%, p <0.001) as the weekend (NAFLFS increase of 14.1%, p <0.001). Hear drop in sedentary time during the week of 1585.71 ?? 208.58 to 1408.57 ?? 174,10min (p = 0.004) and at the end of the week time decreased from 282.14 ?? 41.23 to 240.71 ?? 36,17min (p <0.001). The score of sleep quality decreased after 12sem (58.46 ?? 4.87 to 50.52 ?? 4.63, p = 0.074) and the level of knowledge about health education compared to pre increased 16.7% post ACAMP and 19.12% after 12 weeks (p<0,05). We conclude that five days in a camp and 12 health education meetings, with physical activity and encouraging healthy lifestyle contributed to reducing and maintaining body mass, reduction of cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure at rest, CT, triglycerides. Improves the lifestyle of children, an increase NAF and decreased time devoted to sedentary activities, improves sleep quality and choice for healthier foods. / O comportamento sedent??rio, aliado ?? m?? alimenta????o, tem atingido cada vez mais crian??as, adolescentes e suas fam??lias em todo o mundo. A redu????o dr??stica do tempo dedicado ?? movimenta????o ativa e espont??nea, aliada ?? m?? alimenta????o, tem gerado grande preocupa????o dos profissionais que se dedicam ?? preven????o de doen??as como obesidade, diabetes e hipertens??o arterial na inf??ncia e adolesc??ncia. Programas educativos t??m sido considerados uma ferramenta importante para a melhora deste quadro. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os impactos de um Programa Recreativo de Educa????o em Sa??de Infantil (PRESI), desenvolvido por meio de um acampamento e acompanhamento, com encontros semanais, sobre fatores de risco cardiovascular e mudan??as no estilo de vida em crian??as com sobrepeso e obesidade. O PRESI foi dividido em duas fases, na FASE 1 envolveu um acampamento de f??rias de cinco dias, denominado ACAMP, e a FASE 2 compreendeu 12 semanas de acompanhamento com um encontro semanal totalizando 12 encontros de duas horas cada (12 semanas). Participaram do ACAMP 20 crian??as (9 meninos e 11 meninas; 9,4??1,1 anos), e destas, 12 (9,4??0,96 anos) participaram tamb??m do acompanhamento durante 12 semanas. Foram mensuradas vari??veis antropom??tricas, da press??o arterial e frequ??ncia card??aca de repouso, al??m da realiza????o do teste de estresse t??rmico Cold Pressor Test, coletas sangu??neas para avalia????o de vari??veis bioqu??micas (glicemia, lipemia e apolipoprote??nas A-1 e B), n??vel de atividade f??sica, consumo alimentar, qualidade do sono e n??vel de conhecimento sobre sa??de. Para a compara????o entre pr?? e p??s-acampamento foi utilizado o teste t de student (t) e para tr??s momentos (pr?? e p??s-ACAMP e 12 semanas), que apresentaram distribui????o normal, foi utilizado ANOVA para medidas repetidas. Usou-se o teste d???Cohen para verificar a magnitude das respostas pela amostra ser pequena. Para compara????o de propor????es de alimentos entre os grupos, foi empregado o teste McNemar. Foi adotado p<0.05 para diferen??as estatisticamente significativas. Resultados da Fase 1: Redu????o significativa da PAS (115,15??10,40 vs 105,80??8,58mmHg) e da PAD (77,10??9,26 vs 70,00??6,49mmHg) foi observada quando os momentos pr?? vs p??s ACAMP foram comparados respectivamente (p<0,05). Quando comparamos pr?? e p??s ACAMP observamos que: o HOMA Beta apresentou uma diminui????o de 56,2% (98,8); do perfil lip??dico a m??dia do CT diminuiu 18,95 mg/dl, do LDL 9,7mg/dl, do N??o HDL 16,15 mg/dl e triglicer??deos 27,05 mg/dl; e as APO A1 e B tiveram uma queda m??dia de 8%(-10,3 mg/dl) e 9%(-7,6 mg/dl), respectivamente. Fase 2: a PAS de repouso reduziu 8,92mmHg e 6,58mmHg e a PAD 1,67mmHg e 2mmHg ap??s ACAMP e as 12sem, respectivamente, quando comparadas com o momento pr??. A insulina basal m??dia caiu 5,59 ??UI/ml ap??s o ACAMP, quando comparado com o pr?? e esses valores se mantiveram reduzidos ap??s as 12 semanas. CT diminuiu 13,4% ap??s o ACAMP (p<0,003) e 18,9% ap??s 12 semanas e a APO A1 teve uma queda de 9,42mg/dl p??s ACAMP (p=0,31) e 4,42mg/dl (p=0,59) ap??s 12sem, quando comparados com pr??. O NAF total aumentou (16,95%, 172,99 METs) e dentre os tipos de AFs que tiveram maiores aumentos, o Lazer foi o que melhorou significativamente, tanto durante a semana (NAFLDS aumento de 26,06%, p< 0,001) como no final de semana (NAFLFS aumento de 14,1%, p< 0,001). Houve queda no tempo sedent??rio durante a semana de 1585,71??208,58 para 1408,57??174,10min (p = 0,004) e durante o final de semana o tempo reduziu de 282,14??41,23 para 240,71??36,17min (p < 0,001). O escore da qualidade do sono diminuiu ap??s as 12 semanas (58,46??4,87 para 50,52??4,63, p=0.074) e o n??vel de conhecimento sobre educa????o em sa??de rela????o ao pr?? aumentou 16,7% p??s ACAMP e 19,12% ap??s 12 semanas (p0,05). Concluiu-se que cinco dias em um acampamento e 12 encontros de educa????o em sa??de, com pr??tica de atividade f??sica e incentivo ao estilo de vida saud??vel contribu??ram para redu????o e manuten????o da massa corporal, redu????o de fatores de risco cardiovascular como press??o arterial de repouso, CT, triglic??rides. Com isso, ocorreu a melhora no estilo de vida das crian??as, com aumento no NAF e diminui????o do tempo destinado ??s atividades sedent??rias, melhora na qualidade do sono e escolha por alimentos mais saud??veis.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-17T20:22:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CaioVictordeSousaSilvaDissertacao2016.pdf: 5579388 bytes, checksum: d00ac932cc6cb4518d5d39415db47d6f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-17T20:22:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CaioVictordeSousaSilvaDissertacao2016.pdf: 5579388 bytes, checksum: d00ac932cc6cb4518d5d39415db47d6f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-17T20:22:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CaioVictordeSousaSilvaDissertacao2016.pdf: 5579388 bytes, checksum: d00ac932cc6cb4518d5d39415db47d6f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / The validity of the double product (DP) response to estimate the anaerobic threshold (AT), an alternative and less costly method has not been tested in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Therefore, the objective of this study is test the reliability of AT identification by the double product breakpoint (DPBP) in T2D. Nine subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D = 9) and ten non-diabetic (ND = 10) underwent an incremental test on a cycle ergometer. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and exhaled gases were measured at the end of each stage. The ventilatory threshold (VT), lactate threshold (LT) and DPBP were considered an exercise intensity below which a disproportional increase of ventilation, [LAC] and DP, respectively, was observed in relation to linear increase in workload. No differences were identified between the workload, HR, and oxygen consumption (VO2) corresponding to the AT identified by VT, LT and DPBP. Further, for the T2D group was identified a high and significant level of reliability between DPBP and VT for workload (ICC = 0.84), FC (ICC = 0.71) and VO2 (ICC = 0.83) and between DPBP and LT for workload (ICC = 0.79) and FC (ICC = 0.82). Similar reliability was identified for the ND group between DPBP and VT for workload (ICC = 0.92), HR (ICC = 0.88) and VO2 (ICC = 0.84) and between DPBP and LT for workload (ICC = 0.70). It concludes that the DPBP is reliable to estimate the AT and it is highly associated with VT and LT in T2D and ND individuals. / A validade da resposta do duplo produto (DP) para estimar o limiar anaer??bio (LAn), um m??todo alternativo e menos oneroso, ainda n??o foi testado em indiv??duos com diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo ?? verificar se ?? poss??vel identificar o LAn pelo ponto de inflex??o do duplo produto (DPBP) em indiv??duos DM2. Nove sujeitos com DM2 (DM2 = 9) e dez n??o diab??ticos (ND = 10) foram submetidos a um teste incremental em cicloerg??metro. Frequ??ncia card??aca (FC), press??o arterial (PA) e gases expirados foram mensurados ao final de cada est??gio. O limiar ventilat??rio (LV), limiar de lactato (LL) e o DPBP foram considerados a intensidade do exerc??cio abaixo a um aumento desproporcional da ventila????o, [LAC] e DP, respectivamente, s??o observados em rela????o ao aumento linear da carga de trabalho. N??o foram identificadas diferen??as entre a carga de trabalho, FC, e consumo de oxig??nio (VO2) correspondente ao LAn identificado pelo LV, LL e DPBP. Al??m disso, para o grupo DM2 foi identificado um alto e significante n??vel de confiabilidade entre DPBP e LV para carga de trabalho (ICC = 0,84), FC (ICC = 0,71) e VO2 (ICC = 0,83) e entre o DPBP e LL para carga de trabalho (ICC = 0,79) e FC (ICC = 0,82). Confiabilidade semelhante foi identificado para o grupo ND entre DPBP e LV para carga de trabalho (ICC = 0,92), FC (ICC = 0,88) e VO2 (ICC = 0,84) e entre o DPBP e LL para carga de trabalho (ICC = 0,70). Conclui-se que o DPBP permitiu a predi????o do LAn, devido ao alto n??vel de confiabilidade com os m??todos tradicionais, LV e LL.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-26T14:34:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Fernando de Azevedo da Cruz Seara.pdf: 1716878 bytes, checksum: 6a6ea74b23b441a8aafb15e937dea036 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-26T14:34:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Fernando de Azevedo da Cruz Seara.pdf: 1716878 bytes, checksum: 6a6ea74b23b441a8aafb15e937dea036 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / According to World Health Organization, ischemia heart diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Among therapeutic approaches, reperfusion is the most effective and indicated is reperfusion. Despite the better post-infarction prognostic, absolute improvement on cardiac function is hardly achieved due to ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Within this context, anabolic steroids (AS) administration, in adult Wistar rats, significantly increase IRI susceptibility. Moreover, chronic administration of AS, during adolescent phase, induces persistent cardiovascular dysfunctions along adulthood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of chronic administration of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone propionate, during adolescent phase, in the susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury, in adult Wistar rats. To perform it, 24 Wistar rats were allocated into two groups, AS (Testosterone propionate 5 mg kg-1, since 26? day postnatal, 5 days per week, during 5 weeks) and Control (Vehicle). In the 82? postnatal, rats were euthanized and hearts, livers, lungs, kidneys and testicles were collected. Isolated hearts were artificially perfused with modified Krebs-Henseleit solution, through Langendorff apparatus, and, then, submitted to ex vivo ischemia ? reperfusion protocol (20 minutes of stabilization, 30 minutes of global ischemia and 60 minutes of reperfusion). The left ventricle (LV) end diastolic- LVEDP), systolic- (LVSP) and developed pressures (LVDP), as well as first derivatives of pressure, maximum and minimum (dP/dt, maximum and minimum, respectively) were measured through an intraventricular latex balloon, connected to a pressure transducer. Through the electrocardiogram, susceptibility to arrhythmic episodes was analyzed. At the end of the protocol, area of infarct was delimited and gene expression of ? and ? myosin heavy chains and Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, as well as the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (Nox) enzymes, were calculated. In comparison to Control group, hearts from AS group presented: Hypertrophy, due to an increase in cardiac mass (33%, P<0,001) and index (37%, P<0,001); Significantly increase in the area of infarct (54,76%, P<0,05); Worst recovery of both LVEDP and LVDP, along reperfusion; Less recovery of maximum dP/dt, during reperfusion, despite the equivalent LVSP; Reduced basal minimum dP/dt and, subsequently, reduction in the recovery of the aforementioned parameter, regarding reperfusion period; Enhanced gene expression of MHC? (%), consistent with the loss of mechanical performance; Increased incidence of arrhythmic episodes in the reperfusion period (100%, P<0,01). No statistical difference could be seen in regard to the Nox activity. For the first time, we demonstrated that AS treatment during adolescent phase promotes cardiac hypertrophy and gene reprogramming, both persistent during adulthood, besides an increase susceptibility to IRI, through in the larger area of infarct and poor recovery of cardiac electrical and mechanical proprieties, in isolated hearts of adult Wistar rats / De acordo com a OMS, as doen?as isqu?micas do cora??o consistem na maior causa mortis global. Dentre as abordagens terap?uticas, a mais eficaz ? a reperfus?o. A despeito da melhora no progn?stico p?s-infarto, a recupera??o plena da fun??o card?aca dificilmente ? alcan?ada, devido a inj?ria de isquemia/reperfus?o (IIR). Neste contexto, a administra??o de EA em ratos Wistar adultos enaltece a susceptibilidade ? IIR. Ademais, a administra??o de EA em ratos Wistar, ao longo da adolesc?ncia, favorece o desenvolvimento de disfun??es cardiovasculares persistentes durante a fase adulta. Desta forma, objetivou-se, com o presente estudo, analisar os efeitos da sobrecarga cr?nica de propionato de testosterona, ao longo da fase adolescente, na susceptibilidade ? IIR, em ratos Wistar adultos. Para tanto, foram utilizados 24 ratos Wistar machos, divididos em dois grupos: EA (Propionato de testosterona 5 mg kg-1, a partir do 26? dia p?s-natal, 5 vezes por semana/ 5 semanas) e CTL (ve?culo). No 82? dia p?s-natal, os ratos foram submetidos ? eutan?sia para a coleta ?rg?os. Os cora??es isolados foram submetidos ? perfus?o artificial em aparato de Langendorff, e, assim, ao protocolo de isquemia/reperfus?o. As press?es diast?lica final (PDF), sist?lica (PS) e desenvolvida (PD), do ventr?culo esquerdo (VE), e as primeiras derivadas de press?o do VE, m?xima e m?nima (dP/dt m?xima e m?nima, respectivamente), foram mensuradas atrav?s de um bal?o de l?tex intraventricular, conectado a um transdutor de press?o. Atrav?s do eletrocardiograma, foi analisada a susceptibilidade aos epis?dios arr?tmicos. Ao final do protocolo, as ?reas de infarto foram demarcadas e a express?o g?nica das cadeias pesadas de miosina e gliceralde?do-3-fosfato desidrogenase, assim como a atividade enzimas da fam?lia de niconinam?da adenina dinucleot?deo fosfato oxidase (Nox), no ventr?culo esquerdo, foram avaliadas. Em rela??o ao grupo Controle, os cora??es dos animais tratados com EA apresentaram: Hipertrofia, atrav?s do aumento na massa (aumento de 33%, P<0,001) e do ?ndice card?aco (aumento de 37%, P<0,001); aumento significativo da ?rea de infarto (aumento de 54,76%, P<0,05); T?nue recupera??o da PDFVE, assim como da PDVE, durante a reperfus?o; Inferior recupera??o da dP/dt m?xima, ao longo da reperfus?o, a despeito da equivalente recupera??o na PSVE; Reduzida dP/dt m?nima basal e, subsequentemente, redu??o na recupera??o deste par?metro, ao longo da reperfus?o; Aumento significativo da express?o g?nica da MHC? (P<0,01), condizente o preju?zo no desempenho mec?nico; Maior incid?ncia de epis?dios arr?tmicos, ao longo da reperfus?o (aumento de 100%, P<0,01). N?o houve diferen?a em rela??o ?s atividades das Nox. Pela primeira vez, foi demonstrado que a administra??o de EA, ao longo da adolesc?ncia, provoca hipertrofia e reprograma??o g?nica card?aca, persistente durante a fase adulta, al?m de aumentar, significativamente, a susceptibilidade ? IIR, por meio do aumento na ?rea de infarto e piora na recupera??o das propriedades mec?nicas e el?tricas card?acas, em cora??es isolados de ratos Wistar adultos.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:54:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ElisangelaML.pdf: 3702195 bytes, checksum: 706cae0d6a157da81de334adcc48655b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-26 / This work aims to characterize the workers in mineral activities exposed to lung injuries in Parelhas Municipality, Rio Grande do Norte State, seeking to relate respiratory diseases to the mining activity. The studied area (Parelhas City), with about 19,700 inhabitants, is located in the Serido region, approximately 232 km far from Natal City. The number of people involved in informal mining activity (garimpo) in the Serid? region reaches about 5,000. These workers generally do not use any kind of individual protection equipments and develop, at early ages of greater productivity, severe forms of diseases, which end up disabling them to professional activities, family and social life. Deceases by respiratory problems (e.g. silicosis) have been reported in very young adults. A descriptive observational study was conducted based on information from the records found in Dr. Jos? Augusto Dantas Hospital, between the years 1996- 2006. The occupational and socio-economic features of the population, which was selected by using the hospital records, were achieved through individually answered forms. The purpose was to link the occupational activities with the respiratory diseases. The next stage of the research was an observational case-control study, in the 1:1 proportion. The achieved data allowed confirming the central hypothesis of the research, which states that the pneumoconiosis cases are due to the mineral-based activities in the studied area. The final step of the investigation tried to assess the knowledge of relatives of students in public and private elementary and high schools from Parelhas City, regarding silicosis. About 15.4% of urban schools were analyzed through application of a structured questionnaire. The results show distinct socio-economic levels and a difference in the perception of the relatives of students in public and private schools, concerning silicosis. It was possible to identify the characteristics of the population economically involved with mineral-based activities and to define the group that deserves preferential attention in preventive actions. The work indicates some environmental problems caused by inadequate mining operations in the region / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo a caracteriza??o de trabalhadores em atividades de base mineral expostos aos danos pulmonares, no Munic?pio de Parelhas/RN, buscando relacionar as patologias respirat?rias que mais se manifestam nesta popula??o a atividades de base mineral. A ?rea estudada (cidade de Parelhas) localiza-se no Serid? oriental norte-riograndense a aproximadamente 232 km de Natal com cerca de 19.700 habitantes. A quantidade de pessoas envolvidas na atividade informal de minera??o (garimpo) na regi?o do Serid? norte-riograndense chega a cerca de 5.000. Esses trabalhadores em geral n?o utilizam equipamentos de prote??o individual (EPIs) de qualquer esp?cie e desenvolvem, na faixa et?ria de maior produtividade, formas graves da doen?a, que acabam incapacitando-os para atividades profissionais, vida familiar e social, existindo relatos de mortes por problemas respirat?rios (silicose, por exemplo) em adultos muito jovens. Foi realizado estudo observacional do tipo descritivo transversal, a partir de informa??es sintomatol?gicas presentes nos prontu?rios do Hospital Dr. Jos? Augusto Dantas da cidade de Parelhas, entre os anos de 1996-2006. A caracteriza??o ocupacional e socioecon?mica da popula??o selecionada atrav?s dos prontu?rios foi feita atrav?s de aplica??o de formul?rios, respondidos individualmente e ap?s leitura do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido (TCLE). Esta caracteriza??o objetivou vincular a atividade ocupacional com as patologias respirat?rias sofridas A etapa seguinte da pesquisa correspondeu a estudo observacional anal?tico do tipo casocontrole, na propor??o 1:1. Os dados obtidos possibilitaram a confirma??o da hip?tese central da pesquisa, de que os casos de pneumoconioses devem-se ? presen?a de atividades de base mineral na ?rea de estudo. Na fase final do trabalho, buscou-se avaliar o conhecimento da popula??o de familiares de estudantes do ensino fundamental e m?dio de escolas p?blicas e privadas do Munic?pio de Parelhas/RN referente ? silicose. Foram analisadas 15,4% das escolas urbanas, atrav?s da aplica??o de question?rio estruturado. Os resultados mostram distintos n?veis socioecon?micos e uma diferen?a na percep??o nos familiares de estudantes das escolas p?blica e privada, em rela??o ? silicose, permitindo identificar as caracter?sticas das popula??es economicamente envolvidas com atividades de base mineral e definir o grupo que mereceria aten??o preferencial em a??es preventivas. O trabalho possibilitou tamb?m apontar alguns problemas ambientais deixados pela inadequada explora??o mineral existente na

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:55:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VivianeSFN_DISSERT.pdf: 1830875 bytes, checksum: cab92fad26402f8ffafa1b30a4f983b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-07 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Water is essential to life and all living organisms and their supply is necessary for economic development and quality of life of human populations, but their quality has been altered by human actions. In semi-arid northeast, the water is an issue of concern, especially its quality. This region is common to the construction of reservoirs that capture rain water, streams and temporary rivers in search of ease this situation, being intended for various purposes. Water scarcity is a limiting factor for the economic and social development of the region and contributes to the maintenance of waterborne diseases. About 80% of diseases that occur in developing countries are infected by waterborne pathogens. Therefore, this study aimed to determine in two environments that are part of semil?nticos Armando Ribeiro Gon?alves reservoir, and a stretch of the river Assu, all located in the semiarid RN, the occurrence of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria; check the conceptions of teachers and health workers about the issues "waterborne diseases" and "bacteria" and a diagnosis of diarrheal diseases that affect the population in some municipalities of the semi-arid region of RN from a survey of epidemiological data. For identification of bacteria using commercial kits and the diagnosis of diarrheal disease was based on information from databases. The previous conceptions of teachers and health workers were obtained through questionnaires. The results confirmed the presence of opportunistic bacteria in the studied area, showing the importance of monitoring water quality. There was an under-reporting of cases of diarrhea pointing out flaws in the monitoring of Diarrheal Diseases and indicating the need to improve it. It was felt also the need to implement educational activities on topics dealt with both with teachers and health workers, since they were identified misconceptions on the subject / A ?gua ? essencial ? vida e a todos os organismos vivos e o seu suprimento ? necess?rio para o desenvolvimento econ?mico e para a qualidade de vida das popula??es humanas, mas sua qualidade vem sendo alterada pelas a??es antr?picas. No semi?rido nordestino, a ?gua ? uma quest?o preocupante, especialmente a sua qualidade. Nessa regi?o ? comum a constru??o de reservat?rios, que captam ?guas de chuvas, c?rregos e rios tempor?rios, na busca de amenizar essa situa??o, sendo destinados para diversas finalidades. A escassez de ?gua ? limitante para o desenvolvimento econ?mico e social da regi?o e contribui com a manuten??o das doen?as de veicula??o h?drica. Cerca de 80% das doen?as que ocorrem em pa?ses em desenvolvimento s?o veiculadas pela ?gua contaminada por microrganismos patog?nicos. Nesse contexto, este trabalho objetivou determinar, em dois ambientes semil?nticos que fazem parte do reservat?rio Armando Ribeiro Gon?alves, e em um trecho do rio Assu, todos localizados no semi-?rido potiguar, a ocorr?ncia de bact?rias patog?nicas oportunistas; verificar as concep??es de professores e agentes de sa?de a respeito dos temas doen?as de veicula??o h?drica e bact?rias , e realizar um diagn?stico das doen?as diarr?icas que acometem a popula??o de alguns munic?pios do semi-?rido do RN a partir do levantamento de dados epidemiol?gicos. Para identifica??o das bact?rias utilizaram-se kits comerciais, e o diagn?stico das doen?as diarr?icas foi realizado com base em informa??es de bancos de dados. As concep??es pr?vias de professores e agentes de sa?de foram obtidas por meio da aplica??o de question?rios. Os resultados confirmaram a presen?a de bact?rias oportunistas nos ambientes estudados, evidenciando a import?ncia de vigil?ncia da qualidade da ?gua. Verificou-se uma sub-notifica?ao de casos de diarr?ias apontando falhas no Monitoramento das Doen?as Diarr?icas, e indicando a necessidade de aprimor?-lo. Percebeu-se, ainda, a necessidade de implementa??o de atividades educativas sobre os temas abordados, tanto com os professores como com os agentes de sa?de, uma vez que foram identificadas concep??es equivocadas sobre o tema

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaSAM.pdf: 2384674 bytes, checksum: eff991b575f95cec6988806e68f65293 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-09 / Posture is one of the most worrying problems dentists face. That is because of the high incidence of low back pathologies regarding the professional activity, despite the development on the field of Dental Ergonomics. This work took place at the dental schoolclinic at a Federal University, and it was grounded on the Ergonomic Principles in the workplace. Its main objective was to analyze the determinants of inadequate posture adopted by students inasmuch as the adoption of non ergonomic methods at the school-clinic may influence them to develop inadequate postures in their working environment. The analysis of the activity showed us that it requires some complex procedures in the patient s mouth. Thus, when the students carry out the activity, they start to adopt, although unconsciously, inadequate postures which will make easier the visual accuracy and the access to the operation focus. In case there is no internal (body awareness) or external warning mechanisms (the professor s or the partner s counseling) regarding posture or possible risks which lead them to self-correction, the students become vulnerable to osteomuscle disorders. The time pressure, because the students are expected to perform their task in a predetermined clinical time. The facts related to each patient s variability as well as the stress caused by the expectations to get their work done in time make the students to advance it believing they will waste time if they help their partners or using an indirect view. We could also notice that there was no assistant to perform the job of minor ones, as well as there was no professor who could actually connect the knowledge on Ergonomics to its working practice. The conclusions of this work stand out the need of widen the discussion at the academic environment regarding health professionals in places such as universities. The ergonomic principles in the workplace aim a multidisciplinary analysis based on the experience of students, professors, staff members and janitors that can contribute to some reflection upon the issue and consequently actions which will bring positive changes at the working environment / A postura corporal de elevado risco biomec?nico ? um dos mais preocupantes problemas de sa?de ocupacional dos profissionais de odontologia. Isso ocorre em fun??o da elevada preval?ncia de patologias no sistema muscoloesquel?tico do odont?logo, relacionadas ? sua atividade, apesar da crescente produ??o do conhecimento na ?rea de Ergonomia aplicada ? Odontologia. Este estudo de caso, realizado na cl?nica-escola odontol?gica de uma Universidade Federal, fundamentado na AET (An?lise Ergon? mica do Trabalho), teve como objetivo analisar os determinantes das posturas sofridas pelos alunos, visto que, a n?o ado??o de princ?pios de ergonomia ao longo dos est?gios supervisionados nas cl?nicas-escola pode influenciar os alunos que tenderiam a reproduzir posturas inadequadas em seus ambientes profissionais. Observou-se, atrav?s da an?lise da atividade, que a natureza desta atividade exige a realiza??o de procedimentos complexos na boca do paciente, em campo de dif?cil alcance visual e operat?rio. Sendo assim, os estudantes, ao focarem sua aten??o na execu??o da atividade, se submetem a posturas inadequadas que facilitem a sua acuidade visual e o acesso ao campo operat?rio. N?o havendo nenhum mecanismo sistem?tico interno (consci?ncia corporal) ou externo de advert?ncia (orienta??o do professor ou do colega de dupla) quanto ? postura e aos riscos decorrentes que pudessem sensibiliz?-los e induzi-los ? autocorre??o, os estudantes tornam-se vulner?veis aos dist?rbios osteomusculares. A press?o temporal, pois devem cumprir uma tarefa em tempo-cl?nico pr?-determinado, as intercorr?ncias decorrentes das variabilidades de cada paciente e o stress gerado pela expectativa de concluir a atividade em tempo h?bil, os levam a procurar adiantar o trabalho, acreditando que perder?o tempo auxiliando o colega ou utilizando vis?o indireta. Esta regula??o contraria os princ?pios ergon?micos da odontologia que preconiza um trabalho cooperativo a quatro ou a seis m?os. Observou-se tamb?m, a aus?ncia de assistentes que pudessem realizar o trabalho de primeiro e segundo auxiliar, assim como de compet?ncias essenciais de princ?pios de ergonomia entre os professores, que pudessem faz?-los relacionar os conhecimentos da disciplina de ergonomia ? pr?tica profissional. As conclus?es deste trabalho apontam para a necessidade de ampliar as discuss?es no meio acad?mico acerca dos problemas de sa?de nos profissionais de sa?de nos espa?os onde o conhecimento ? constru?do. Este estudo, por ter preconizado uma an?lise multidisciplinar baseada no depoimento representativo dos atores sociais envolvidos (alunos, professores, pessoal administrativo, pessoal auxiliar e zeladores), p?de contribuir com a reflex?o-a??o quando se buscou conhecimentos b?sicos para poss?veis transforma??es positivas do ambiente de trabalho

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-04T13:44:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 lauane_gomes_moreno.pdf: 1163569 bytes, checksum: 5bc267921309b4b4da2343951c77a04e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-04T13:44:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 lauane_gomes_moreno.pdf: 1163569 bytes, checksum: 5bc267921309b4b4da2343951c77a04e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-04T13:44:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 lauane_gomes_moreno.pdf: 1163569 bytes, checksum: 5bc267921309b4b4da2343951c77a04e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Dado o crescente n?mero de doen?as cr?nicas n?o transmiss?veis (DCNT) que afetam a sa?de e a economia dos pa?ses, alternativas que visem ? diminui??o dos fatores de risco para essas doen?as s?o imprescind?veis. A ado??o de uma dieta equilibrada, que inclua alimentos com potencialidades funcionais, associada ? pr?tica de atividade f?sica regular s?o alternativas atualmente preconizadas. Dentre os alimentos com potencialidades funcionais est? o pequi (Caryocar brasiliense), muito utilizado no Brasil para fins aliment?cios, terap?uticos e cosm?ticos, e que apresenta como componentes majorit?rios lip?deos ricos em ?cidos graxos monoinsaturados, fibras e carotenoides. Estes componentes isoladamente, apresentam alguns efeitos semelhantes ao exerc?cio f?sico aer?bio sobre a redu??o de diversos fatores de risco para DCNT, de forma que associados podem fornecer efeitos potencializadores sobre a redu??o desses fatores de risco. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, em ratos, efeitos biol?gicos advindos da ingest?o da polpa de pequi associada ? pr?tica de exerc?cio f?sico aer?bio regular (EFAR), especificamente sobre vari?veis relacionadas ao crescimento, par?metros cardiovasculares, do metabolismo glic?dico e lip?dico, sobre a histomorfometria duodenal e o estado redox celular. O protocolo experimental consistiu de quatro grupos (n=8) de ratos Wistar machos: CS - animais que receberam ra??o; CT - receberam ra??o e EFAR; PS - receberam ra??o suplementada com polpa de pequi (3,26/100g = +50% do conte?do lip?dico da ra??o) e PT - receberam ra??o suplementada com polpa de pequi e EFAR. O EFAR foi realizado em piscina, em intensidades e cargas progressivas, e a dieta fornecida ad libitum durante quinze semanas. A ingest?o alimentar e o peso corporal foram monitorados durante o per?odo experimental para os c?lculos da ingest?o alimentar e cal?rica, do ganho de peso e dos coeficientes de efici?ncia alimentar (CEA) e energ?tica (CEE). As fezes foram coletadas nas ?ltimas 72 horas do experimento. A press?o arterial sist?lica (PAS) e a frequ?ncia card?aca (FC) foram aferidas no in?cio e na ?ltima semana do experimento. No ?ltimo dia do protocolo, os animais foram eutanasiados e foram determinados: (a) o comprimento da t?bia esquerda; (b) o peso absoluto e relativo do f?gado, p?ncreas e cora??o e da gordura das regi?es epididimal e retroperitoneal; (c) a concentra??o plasm?tica de colesterol total (COL), lipoprote?na de alta densidade (HDL), triglicer?deos (TG), glicose, insulina, o ?ndice HOMA-IR e o ?ndice aterog?nico; (d) a concentra??o hep?tica e fecal de COL e TG; (e) a umidade e o pH fecais; (f) a capacidade antioxidante total ? Ferring Reducing Antioxidant Power plasm?tica, e dos tecidos muscular (s?leo), hep?tico e card?aco; (g) os n?veis de peroxida??o lip?dica - Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances nos tecidos hep?tico, muscular e card?aco; (h) a atividade da enzima super?xido dismutase nos tecidos hep?tico e muscular; (i) a atividade da enzima catalase nos tecidos hep?tico, muscular e card?aco. Foram coletadas amostras de tecido duodenal para an?lises histomorfom?tricas. Observou-se que a associa??o da ingest?o da polpa de pequi ao EFAR n?o influenciou de maneira significativa no crescimento (ingest?o alimentar e cal?rica, peso corporal, CEA, CEE, peso de ?rg?os, comprimento da t?bia), na PAS e FC, na glicemia, na insulinemia ou no ?ndice HOMA-IR. Contudo, reduziu a deposi??o de gordura visceral (epididimal e retroperitoneal). Tamb?m n?o houve diferen?as entre os tratamentos para as concentra??es plasm?ticas de COL, HDL e TG. Contudo, a associa??o da ingest?o da polpa de pequi ao EFAR promoveu menor deposi??o hep?tica e maior excre??o fecal de lip?deos, al?m de preservar melhor a altura das vilosidades intestinais e promover aumento da profundidade das criptas. N?o houve impactos significativos dos tratamentos sobre as vari?veis relacionadas ao estado redox celular, somente a atividade da catalase foi aumentada pela associa??o entre EFAR e polpa de pequi no f?gado. Os efeitos fisiol?gicos advindos da ingest?o da polpa de pequi associada ao EFAR relacionados ao menor ac?mulo de lip?deos na regi?o visceral e f?gado, com a maior excre??o desses lip?deos, aumento da profundidade das criptas sem preju?zos ? estrutura do intestino e aumento da atividade antioxidante end?gena, bem como a aus?ncia de efeitos prejudiciais sobre as demais vari?veis analisadas, faz dessa associa??o uma poss?vel estrat?gia para redu??o do risco para DCNT e manuten??o da sa?de. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2014 / ABSTRACT Given the increasing number of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) affecting health and economy of countries, alternatives on reducing risk factors for these diseases are urged. A balanced diet that includes foods with functional properties associated with regular physical exercise is currently recommended. Among foods with functional potential, is pequi (Caryocar brasiliense), wich is widely used in Brazil for food, cosmetic and therapeutic purposes. It has as its major components, lipids high in monounsaturated fatty acids, fiber and carotenoids. These components have some similar effects as aerobic exercise on the reduction of several risk factors for NCDs, turning its association into a potential strategy for fighting NCDs risk factors. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate, in rats, biological effects from the intake of pequi pulp associated to regular aerobic exercise (RAE), specifically on growth-related, glucose and lipid metabolism and cardiovascular variables, on duodenal histomorphometry and cellular redox state. The experimental protocol consisted of four groups (n = 8 ) of male Wistar rats: CS - animals fed chow; CT - animals feed chow and RAE; PS - animals feed chow plus pequi pulp (3.26/100g = +50 % of the lipid content of chow) and PT - animals feed chow plus pequi pulp and RAE. The RAE was held in pool at intensities and progressive loadings, and the animals were fed ad libitum for fifteen weeks. Food intake and body weight were monitored throughout the experimental period for calculation of food and energy intakes, weight gain, feed (FE) and energy efficiencies (EE). Feces were collected in last 72 hours of the experiment. Tail systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured at the beginning and in the last week of the experiment. On the last day, the animals were euthanized; the abdominal and thoracic cavities were opened for sampling. It was determined: (a) The left tibia length; (b) the absolute and relative liver, pancreas and hearts weights and all the retroperitoneal and epididymal fat pads; (c) plasma concentrations of cholesterol (COL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR index and atherogenic index; (d) the liver and fecal concentrations of COL and TG; (e) fecal moisture and pH; (f) plasma, muscle (soleus), liver and heart total antioxidant capacity - Ferring Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP); (g) liver, muscle and heart levels of lipid peroxidation - Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS); (h) liver and muscle activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD); (i) liver, muscle and heart activity of catalase (CAT). Duodenal tissue samples were collected for histomorphometric analyses. It was observed the intake of pequi pulp associated to RAE did not influence significantly animal?s growth (food and caloric intake, body weight, FE, EE, organ weights, tibia length), SBP and HR, plasma glucose and insulin, HOMA-IR and atherogenic indexes. However, this association reduced visceral fat pad weights. There were no differences among treatments for plasma COL, HDL and TG. However, the intake of pequi pulp associated to RAE led to lower hepatic deposition and increased fecal output of lipids, in addition to better preserve the intestinal villi height and to promote increased crypt depth. There were no significant effects regarding redox state of all variables, although CAT activity was increased in the liver of the animals fed pequi pulp plus RAE. The reduction of visceral fat and hepatic lipid deposition with increased excretion, the increased cell renewal without damaging the structure of the intestine, the increased endogenous antioxidant activity, and the absence of harmful effects on other variables, point out that the intake of pequi pulp associated to RAE is a possible strategy for reducing the risk of non-communicable diseases and for health maintenance.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-04T13:53:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 lidiane_guedes_oliveira.pdf: 705674 bytes, checksum: 7f2a8cdcec73417a5a58f7784fffca1d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-04T13:53:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 lidiane_guedes_oliveira.pdf: 705674 bytes, checksum: 7f2a8cdcec73417a5a58f7784fffca1d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-04T13:53:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 lidiane_guedes_oliveira.pdf: 705674 bytes, checksum: 7f2a8cdcec73417a5a58f7784fffca1d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Evid?ncias cient?ficas cumulativas sugerem que os ?cidos graxos monoinsaturados (MUFAs) diet?ticos reduzem fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de desordens metab?licas, as quais causam muitas doen?as cr?nicas n?o transmiss?veis (DCNT), tais como o diabetes n?o insulinodependente e as cardiovasculares. O ?leo de pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) apresenta em sua composi??o predom?nio de ?cidos graxos monoinsaturados e carotenoides antioxidantes, os quais t?m sido tamb?m relacionados ? redu??o do risco para DCNT. Entretanto, ainda s?o escassos na literatura estudos que avaliem efeitos fisiol?gicos do ?leo de pequi dentro da perspectiva de alimento funcional, ou seja, associado ? dieta usual e h?bitos saud?veis de vida, dentre os quais se destaca o exerc?cio f?sico regular. Diante desse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi pesquisar a influ?ncia da ingest?o do ?leo de pequi associada ao exerc?cio f?sico aer?bio regular (EFAR), sobre vari?veis relacionadas ao crescimento, ao metabolismo e par?metros cardiovasculares de ratos, desde est?gios iniciais de vida (p?s-desmame) at? o in?cio da vida adulta (20 semanas de vida). O protocolo experimental consistiu de quatro grupos (n=8) de ratos Wistar machos: CS - animais que receberam ra??o; CT - receberam ra??o e EFAR; OS - receberam ra??o suplementada com ?leo de pequi (2,25/100g = +50% do conte?do lip?dico da ra??o) e OT - receberam ra??o suplementada com ?leo de pequi e EFAR. O EFAR foi realizado em piscina, em intensidades e cargas progressivas, e a dieta fornecida ad libitum durante 15 semanas. A ingest?o alimentar e o peso corporal foram monitorados durante o per?odo experimental para os c?lculos da ingest?o alimentar e cal?rica, do ganho de peso, do coeficiente de efici?ncia alimentar (CEA%) e do ?ndice de massa corporal (IMC). A press?o arterial sist?lica (PAS) e a frequ?ncia card?aca (FC) foram aferidas no in?cio e na ?ltima semana do experimento. No ?ltimo dia, os animais foram eutanasiados, as cavidades abdominais e tor?cicas foram abertas para coleta de amostras. Os cora??es foram retirados e o ?ndice de contratilidade (+dP/dt) e relaxamento (-dP/dt) card?aco foram analisados pela t?cnica de cora??o isolado. Foram determinados: (a) o comprimento da t?bia esquerda; (b) os pesos absolutos e relativos do f?gado, p?ncreas e cora??o e de toda a gordura das regi?es epididimal e retroperitoneal; (c) as concentra??es plasm?ticas de colesterol (COL), lipoprote?na de alta densidade (HDL), triglicer?deos (TG), glicose, insulina, o ?ndice HOMA e a raz?o COL/HDL; (d) as concentra??es hep?ticas de COL e TG. Observou-se que a associa??o do ?leo de pequi ao EFAR n?o influenciou de maneira significativa par?metros relacionados ao crescimento (ingest?o alimentar e cal?rica, peso corporal, CEA, peso de ?rg?os, comprimento da t?bia), a PAS e FC, a glicemia e a raz?o COL/HDL. No entanto, foi essencial para evitar o ac?mulo de gordura na regi?o visceral, a eleva??o nos n?veis de insulina plasm?tica e no ?ndice HOMA-IR provocados pela ingest?o isolada do ?leo de pequi. Por outro lado, a associa??o da ingest?o do ?leo de pequi ao EFAR melhorou a capacidade de contra??o e relaxamento card?acos. Assim, podemos inferir que a ingest?o do ?leo de pequi, quando associada ? pr?tica regular de exerc?cios aer?bios, pode favorecer, sobretudo, a fun??o card?aca sem exercer efeitos delet?rios no crescimento e em vari?veis relacionadas ao metabolismo lip?dico e glic?dico. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2014. / ABSTRACT Cumulative evidence suggests that dietary monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) reduce risk factors for metabolic disorders, which lead to many chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Pequi oil (Caryocar brasiliense) is high in monounsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant carotenoids, which have also been associated to reduced risk for NCDs. However, there is lacking of studies evaluating pequi oil physiological effects from the perspective of being a functional food, which means, associated to a usual diet and a healthy lifestyle, being the regular physical exercise a part of it. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of pequi oil intake, associated to regular aerobic physical exercise (RAPE) on variables related to growth, metabolism and on cardiovascular parameters of rats, from early stages of life (post weaning) to early adulthood (20 weeks old). The experimental protocol consisted of four groups (n = 8) of male Wistar rats: CS - animals fed chow; CT - received chow and RAPE; OS - received chow added pequi oil (2.25 / 100g =+50% of the chow lipid content) and OT - received chow added pequi oil and RAPE. The RAPE was held in a pool at intensities and progressive loading, and the diets were fed ad libitum for 15 weeks. Food intake and body weight were monitored throughout the experimental period to determine food and caloric intake, weight gain, feed efficiency ratio (FER%) and body mass index (BMI). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured at baseline and in the last week of the experiment. On the last day, animals were euthanized and the abdominal and thoracic cavities were opened for sampling. Hearts were removed and the contractility (+dP/dt) and relaxation (-dP/dt) indexes were analyzed by the isolated heart technique. It were determined: (a) The left tibia length (b) the relative liver, pancreas and hearts weights and the retroperitoneal and epididimal fat pad weights; (c) plasma concentrations of cholesterol (COL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR index and COL/HDL ratio; (d) hepatic TG and COL levels. The association of pequi oil intake to RAPE did not influence significantly growth (food and caloric intake, body weight, FER%, organ weights, tibia length), SBP and HR, blood glucose and COL/HDL ratio. However, it prevented fat accumulation in the visceral region and plasma insulin and HOMA-IR increases caused by the pequi oil intake solely. Moreover, the pequi oil intake associated to RAPE improved the heart contraction and relaxation ability. Thus, we can infer that pequi oil intake, when associated to RAPE can improve mainly cardiac function without exerting deleterious effects on growth and on glucose and lipid metabolism.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-04T16:31:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 nayara_rayane_cesar.pdf: 2602002 bytes, checksum: c844463923756f76132f0190a6617bd5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-04T16:31:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 nayara_rayane_cesar.pdf: 2602002 bytes, checksum: c844463923756f76132f0190a6617bd5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-04T16:31:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 nayara_rayane_cesar.pdf: 2602002 bytes, checksum: c844463923756f76132f0190a6617bd5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / O padr?o diet?tico ocidental, caracterizado pelo alto consumo de gordura saturada e carboidratos refinados, favorece o ac?mulo de tecido adiposo e o surgimento de v?rias doen?as cardiometab?licas (DCM). Atualmente, tem-se considerado que n?o apenas a quantidade, mas o perfil das gorduras ingeridas pode exercer forte influ?ncia sobre o desenvolvimento dessas doen?as. Nesse contexto, v?rios estudos t?m demonstrado que o consumo de alimentos fontes de ?cidos graxos monoinsaturados (MUFA) est? associado a um menor risco para o desenvolvimento de DCM. Al?m disso, t?m sido tamb?m identificados muitos compostos bioativos presentes nos alimentos vegetais, os quais t?m sido associados a efeitos ben?ficos na redu??o do risco e, ou, no tratamento de DCM. Dentre esses compostos est?o os carotenoides, que apresentam atividade antioxidante. Nessa perspectiva, o ?leo do pequi apresenta-se como um potencial alimento funcional, dado que os MUFA representam aproximadamente 60% dos seus ?cidos graxos, e possui ainda um teor elevado de carotenoides totais. Considerando que o padr?o de consumo alimentar ocidental favorece o desenvolvimento das DCM, e que o ?leo do pequi ? um potencial alimento protetor, mas ainda n?o foi explorado nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da substitui??o parcial da banha de porco (rica em ?cidos graxos saturados - SFA) por ?leo de Caryocar brasiliense ? pequi (rico em MUFA e carotenoides) em uma dieta de padr?o ocidental, sobre o metabolismo, a fun??o card?aca e o estado redox celular de ratos. Ap?s uma semana de adapta??o, os animais rec?m-desmamados foram distribu?dos em tr?s grupos (n=12) e tratados durante 12 semanas. Os grupos foram identificados conforme a dieta que receberam: CTRL ? controle, dieta AIN93G; HFS ? dieta alta em gordura e sacarose; HFS-OP ? dieta alta em gordura e sacarose, com substitui??o parcial da banha de porco por ?leo de pequi (27%). O peso corporal e a ingest?o alimentar foram monitorados durante todo o per?odo experimental; a press?o arterial sist?lica (PAS) e a frequ?ncia card?aca (FC) foram aferidas na 3? e 10? semanas; as fezes das ?ltimas 72 horas foram coletadas para avalia??o das concentra??es de colesterol e triglicer?deos (TG) e, ao final do experimento, os animais foram eutanasiados por decapita??o. As cavidades abdominais e tor?cicas foram abertas para coleta de amostras: (A) cora??es: foram retirados imediatamente para avalia??o da fun??o card?aca ex vivo; posteriormente foram avaliados os n?veis de peroxida??o lip?dica e capacidade antioxidante total; (B): tecido adiposo das regi?es epididimal e retroperitoneal, que foi pesado e posteriormente utilizado para avalia??es da adiposidade e histol?gicas; (C) soro: para determina??o das concentra??es de glicose, colesterol e TG; (D) plasma: para determina??o das concentra??es de insulina, leptina e adiponectina, peroxida??o lip?dica e capacidade antioxidante total; (E) f?gados: para avalia??o das concentra??es de colesterol e TG, an?lises histopatol?gicas e peroxida??o lip?dica, capacidade antioxidante total e atividade enzim?tica (super?xido dismutase, catalase e glutationa peroxidase). Observou-se que os pesos corporais dos animais HFS-OP e HFS foram mais elevados que CTRL (p<0,05), no entanto, a deposi??o de gordura na regi?o visceral em resposta ao consumo das dietas ocidentais foi atenuada pela substitui??o da banha de porco por ?leo de pequi (p<0,05). A menor sobrecarga reduziu a deposi??o de TG no tecido hep?tico o que pode estar associado ao retardo do desenvolvimento do diabetes. De um modo geral, a fun??o card?aca foi prejudicada pelas dietas ocidentais em compara??o ao CTRL. Nas avalia??es in vivo n?o foram observados efeitos diferenciais da substitui??o parcial da banha de porco por ?leo de pequi, contudo, quando a fun??o card?aca foi avaliada ex vivo, a ingest?o do ?leo atenuou os danos ? fun??o card?aca (p<0,05), sugerindo que, ainda que modestamente, o ?leo do pequi exerceu um efeito protetor sobre as estruturas card?acas intr?nsecas. Al?m disso, foi observada uma atenua??o da peroxida??o lip?dica no tecido hep?tico para HFS-OP em rela??o ? HFS (p<0,05), sugerindo que o ?leo do pequi pode ter favorecido a incorpora??o dos MUFA e de carotenoides nas membranas dos cardiomi?citos, o que exerceu um efeito protetor. Devido ao papel prim?rio do f?gado no controle metab?lico de todo o organismo, esse efeito de prote??o contra a peroxida??o lip?dica n?o p?de ser observado nos hepat?citos. Contudo, a presen?a dos carotenoides na dieta HFS-OP fortaleceu o sistema antioxidante ex?geno, evitando que a atividade das enzimas super?xido dismutase e glutationa peroxidase fosse prejudicada em HFS-OP como observado para HFS (p<0,05). Essas adapta??es sugerem que a substitui??o parcial da banha de porco por ?leo de pequi foi capaz de atenuar alguns efeitos delet?rios da dieta ocidental sobre o metabolismo lip?dico, a fun??o card?aca e o estado redox celular de ratos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2015. / ABSTRACT The Western diet pattern, which means a high saturated fat and refined carbohydrates intake, leads to body fat accumulation and several cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). Currently, it has been considered that, not only the amount, but the fat quality, can exert a strong influence in the development of those diseases. In this context, several studies have shown that consuming foods high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) is associated with lower risk for CMD. Moreover, it has also been identified many bioactive compounds in plant foods which are associated with beneficial effects in reducing the risk, or treating DCM. Among these compounds are carotenoids, which have strong antioxidant activity. In this perspective, pequi oil is a potential functional food, since MUFA represent approximately 60% of its fatty acids content, and it is also high in several antioxidant carotenoids. So, considering that western diet pattern promotes CMD development, and pequi oil is a potential functional food, but it has not been explored in this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a partial replacement of lard (high in SFA) by pequi oil (high in MUFA and carotenoids), into a Western diet model, on metabolism, cardiac function and cellular redox status of rats. The animals were divided into three groups (n = 12) and treated during 12 weeks: CTRL - control, AIN93G diet; HFS ? high in saturated fat and sucrose; HFS-OP - high in saturated fat and sucrose, with partial replcement of lard by pequi oil (27%). Body weight and food intake were monitored throughout the experimental period; systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured at the 3rd and 10th weeks; faeces from the last 72 hours were collected for evaluation of cholesterol and triglycerides (TG). At the end of the experiment, all animals were killed by decapitation, the abdominal and thoracic cavities were opened for collection of samples: (A) hearts were taken immediately to evaluate the ex vivo cardiac function; levels of lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity; (B): epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues were harversted, weighed and subsequently used for adiposity and histological evaluations; (C) serum: for glucose, cholesterol and TG determination; (D) plasma: for insulin, leptin and adiponectina determinations, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity; (E) livers: for cholesterol and TG levels, histopathological analyzes, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity and enzyme activities. Body weights from HFS-OP and HFS animals were equally higher than CTRL (p<0.05); however, visceral fat deposition in response to consumption of the Western diet was attenuated by replacing lard by pequi oil and it also led to less TG deposition in the liver (p<0.05). In general, cardiac function was impaired by Western diet, promoting a higher blood pressure and heart rate in vivo and a lower cardiac contractility and relaxation efficiency ex vivo (p<0,05). However, although there were no differential effects from the partial replacement of lard by pequi oil on blood pressure and heart rate in vivo, this replacement attenuated the damage to cardiac function compared to HFS (p<0.05), suggesting that, eventhough modestly, pequi oil exerted a protective effect on intrinsic cardiac structures. In addition, the partial replacement of lard by pequi oil reduced lipid peroxidation in cardiomyocytes (p<0.05) compared to HFS, which was not observed in hepatocytes. Moreover, in the hepatocytes, there were an increasing in total antioxidant capacity and catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities compared to HFS (p<0.05). These adaptations suggest that the partial replacement of lard by pequi oil mitigated some deleterious effects of the Western diet on lipid metabolism, cardiac function and cellular redox status of rats.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-08-18T17:48:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) luciana_fernandes_amaro_leite.pdf: 6396183 bytes, checksum: d8e9e935aa4ed4f1d340bb04eb9eb939 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-08-19T11:47:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) luciana_fernandes_amaro_leite.pdf: 6396183 bytes, checksum: d8e9e935aa4ed4f1d340bb04eb9eb939 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T11:47:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) luciana_fernandes_amaro_leite.pdf: 6396183 bytes, checksum: d8e9e935aa4ed4f1d340bb04eb9eb939 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / A Doen?a Renal Cr?nica ? um importante problema de sa?de p?blica em todo o mundo porque sua incid?ncia e preval?ncia est?o aumentando, o custo ? elevado e medidas de preven??o precisam ser implementadas. O Inqu?rito Brasileiro de Di?lise Cr?nica mostrou que em julho de 2013, o n?mero total estimado de indiv?duos em di?lise no pa?s foi de 100.397; a taxa anual de mortalidade bruta foi de 17,9% e o n?mero absoluto de indiv?duos em di?lise tem aumentado 3% ao ano nos ?ltimos tr?s anos. Como no Brasil n?o h? dados fidedignos de DRC n?o dial?tica, para fins de programa??o, a Secretaria de Estado de Sa?de de Minas Gerais (SES/MG) estima que 11,6% dos adultos mineiros (com idade igual ou superior a 20 anos) apresentem DRC em um dos seus est?gios. Deste modo, considerando a relev?ncia e o impacto da DRC na sa?de da popula??o brasileira, o presente estudo tem por objetivo central realizar o rastreio desta doen?a em adultos em uma Estrat?gia de Sa?de da Fam?lia da cidade de Diamantina, Minas Gerais, bem como promover a capacita??o dos profissionais m?dicos e enfermeiros deste munic?pio em rela??o ? mesma. Foi realizado, atrav?s de an?lise das fichas do Sistema de Informa??o da Aten??o B?sica, o levantamento de todos os usu?rios com presen?a de algum fator de risco para o desenvolvimento da DRC na ESF Cazuza, Diamantina. Os usu?rios do Sistema ?nico de Sa?de que apresentaram fatores de risco para DRC foram convidados a participar de entrevistas onde foram coletados dados s?cio demogr?ficos, comportamentais, comorbidades e antropom?tricos. Foram coletados materiais biol?gicos (sangue e urina) para realiza??o dos exames de creatinina s?rica e urin?ria, urina rotina e prote?nas totais na urina. O valor da creatinina s?rica foi utilizado para fazer a estimativa da Taxa de Filtra??o Glomerular (TFG) utilizando o nomograma baseado na equa??o Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI). Na urina rotina, especial aten??o foi dada ? presen?a de hemat?ria de origem glomerular tendo como sinais a presen?a de cilindros hem?ticos ou dismorfismo eritrocit?rio. Os resultados dos exames de prote?nas totais na urina e creatinina urin?ria foram utilizados para calcular a rela??o protein?ria/creatinin?ria. Assim foi poss?vel rastrear a presen?a da DRC em 191 indiv?duos. Destes pacientes, 57,6% eram do sexo feminino, 73,8% de ra?a n?o branca, 64,4% possu?a ensino fundamental incompleto, 81,2% eram sedent?rios, 13,1% apresentaram uso abusivo do ?lcool, 63,4% eram hipertensos, 10,0% eram diab?ticos, 35,1% estavam obesos e 18,3% tinham hist?ria familiar de DRC. Com a estimativa da TFG obteve-se 53,4% no est?gio 1. O rastreio para DRC foi positivo para 14,2% dos pacientes. As informa??es obtidas dos pacientes foram utilizadas nas capacita??es no formato de m?dulos de capacita??o para m?dicos e enfermeiros que atuam na Estrat?gia de Sa?de da Fam?lia de Diamantina, MG, sendo que estes treinamentos geraram uma melhora do n?vel de conhecimento dos profissionais participantes de 8,8%. Pode-se concluir a import?ncia da atua??o dos profissionais da aten??o prim?ria a sa?de no controle dos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento e progress?o da DRC. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / Chronic Kidney Disease is an important public health problem all over the world because its incidence and prevalence have been growing, the cost to treat it is high, and prevention measures need to be implemented. The Brazilian Chronic Dialysis Survey has shown that in July 2013 the estimated total number of individuals on dialysis in the Brazil was 100,397; the annual crude death rate was 17.9%, and the absolute number of individuals on dialysis has grown by 3% a year over the last three years. Since there are no reliable data concerning non-dialytic CKD in Brazil, the Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais (Secretaria de Estado de Sa?de de Minas Gerais ? SES/MG), for planning purposes, estimates that 11.6% of the adults born in Minas Gerais (aged 20 or higher) present with CKD in one of its stages. Therefore, considering the relevance and impact of CKD on the health of the Brazilian population, the central aim of this study is to screen for this disease in adults in a Family Health Strategy in the city of Diamantina, state of Minas Gerais, as well as to promote the training of medical professionals and nurses in this municipality as far as CKD is concerned. Upon analysis of the records of the Basic HealthCare Information System, data were compiled on all users presenting any risk factor for the development of CKD in the Cazuza FHS in Diamantina. Users of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) who presented risk factors for CKD were invited to participate in interviews where socio-demographic, behavioral, comorbidity, and anthropometric data were gathered. Biological materials (blood and urine) were collected for serum and urine creatinine, routine urine, and total urine protein tests. The value of serum creatinine was utilized to estimate the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) using the nomogram based on the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration(CKD-EPI) equation. In the routine urine test, special attention was given to the presence of hematuria of glomerular origin characterized by the presence of red blood cell casts or dysmorphic erythrocytes.The results of the total urine protein and urine creatinine tests were utilized to calculate the proteinuria/creatinuria ratio. Thus, it was possible to screen the presence of CKD in 191 individuals. Out of these patients, 57.6% were females, 73.8% were non-whites, 64.4% had not completed their primary education, 81.2% were sedentary, 13.1% were alcohol abusers, 63.4% were hypertensives, 10.0% were diabetics, 35.1% were obese, and 18.3% had a family history of CKD. According to the GFR estimate, 53.4% of the individuals are in stage 1. The screening for CKD was positive for 14.2% of the patients. The information obtained from patients was utilized in the training provided to physicians and nurses who work in the Family Health Strategy in Diamantina, MG. This training, carried out in modules, improved by 8.8% the level of knowledge of the professionals who attended it. Hence, it can be concluded that the actions of primary health care professionals are important to control risk factors leading to the development and progression of CKD.