Rapportens syfte har varit att uppmärksamma återanvändningspotentialen hos jordmassor och hur resurseffektivitet kan optimeras i projekt Ostlänken samt stora infrastrukturprojekt i allmänhet. Det praktiska syftet med studien är att bidra till en mer hållbar masshantering i projekt Ostlänken. Denna rapport har skrivits i form av en fallstudie med två typfall där triangulering har implementerats i forsknings-metodiken för att kombinera kvalitativa med kvantitativa metoder. Kriterier för rapportens analys-metod är baserad på en samlad effektivitetsbedömning där analyserade kriterier är ekonomi, klimat och risk. Resultatet indikerar att jordmassor som transporteras med semitrailer utanför ett projektområde till en fiktiv deponi-plats är både mer kostsamt och emitterar mer CO2-ekv. jämfört med jordmassor som transporteras med dumper innanför ett projektområde för återanvändningsändamål. Analysen visar att en ökad maxlast i kombination med en kortare sträcka är det mest kostnadseffektiva alternativet. Studien belyser även vikten av att inkludera hela värdekedjan (beställare-konsult-entreprenad) och uppdatera branschens annars konservativa förhållningssätt gällande masshanteringsarbetet. / The purpose of the report is to pay attention to the reuse potential of soil masses in infrastructure projects, specifically the East Link Project and how resource efficiency can be optimized. The practical purpose of the study is to contribute to a more sustainable mass management in the East Link Project. This report has been written in the form of a case study with two types of cases where triangulation has been implemented in the research methodology to combine qualitative with quantitative methods. Criterions for the analytical method of the report are based on an overall efficiency assessment, where analyzed criterions are economy, climate and risk. The result indicates that excavated soil masses that are transported by semi-trailers outside the project area to a fictional landfill are costlier and emit more CO2 equivalents than soil masses that are transported by a dumper truck inside the project area for reuse purposes. The analysis indicates that an increased maximum load in combination with a shorter distance is the most cost-efficient option. The study also highlights the importance of including the entire value chain (client-consultant-contractor) as well as updating the industry's otherwise conservative approach to mass management.

Friction is one of the essential aspects of pavement performance and safety. Unfortunately, the rate at which the friction data are being collected exceeds the rate at which the data can be proficiently analyzed. Furthermore, the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) lacks long-term trend analysis for the many years of locked-wheel skid trailer (LWST) data collected in Utah. In addition, UDOT is missing a statistically adequate correlation equation between friction-testing devices. Likewise, only one method is used in Utah to prequalify aggregates for use in pavements. Finally, there has not been an investigation of the potential use of lithium silicate solution in Utah as a hardening agent to decrease the rate of friction loss. This research consists of five objectives. The first objective was to investigate pavement friction factors that influence skid resistance; methods of measuring skid resistance in the laboratory and the field, including correlations between test results; methods of evaluating aggregate sources; and methods of enhancing skid resistance of asphalt pavements through a comprehensive literature review on these subjects. The second objective was to investigate temporal trends in skid numbers measured using the LWST on Utah highways with different surface treatment types. The third objective was to develop a three-way correlation between the skid number measured with the LWST in the field, the British pendulum number measured with the British pendulum tester (BPT) in the field, and the polish value measured with the BPT in the laboratory. The fourth objective was to investigate selected performance-related properties of aggregates used to produce surface treatments at several field sites representing Utah conditions. The fifth objective was to examine the potential benefits of lithium silicate treatment for improving the resistance of aggregates to polishing. The scope of the research for the five objectives included statistical analysis, field testing, and laboratory experimentation. The findings include, first, a literature review that identified four critical deficiencies in Utah’s friction-related literature, which formed the basis of the remaining four objectives. Second, a statistical analysis of 9 years of LWST data indicated above-average skid values across Utah’s pavement network. Third, correlations were evaluated for multiple friction-testing devices. Fourth, X-ray diffraction testing methods were found to compare favorably to the accelerated polish test. Fifth and finally, the effects of lithium silicate solution on polish-susceptible aggregates were documented. This research has substantially advanced the body of knowledge on pavement friction testing and improving the resistance of aggregates to polishing in Utah through laboratory and field experimentation

Применение тракторных поездов – важнейшее средство повышения производительности труда при выполнении перевозок для нужд промышленности, строительства, сельского хозяйства. Автотракторный поезд, в то же время, является сложной машиной, как правило, менее маневренной, чем одиночное транспортное средство. Превышение скоростного режима движения, особенно автотранспортных поездов, приводит к нарушению их устойчивого движения, особенно как на прямолинейных так и на криволинейных участках траектории, или в условиях повышенной сложности движения. Автором выдвинуто научное предположение о возможности повышения безопасности движения автотранспортных поездов за счет повышения устойчивости траектории их перемещения на дорожной трассе посредством воздействия на конструктивные характеристики тягово-сцепных устройств автотракторных поездов, повышающих стабильность курсового движения автотранспортного поезда посредством повышения коэффициента затухания боковых колебаний прицепа после воздействия на него боковых возмущающих сил. / The use of agrimotor trains is the most important means of increasing labor productivity in transport operations for the needs of industry, construction and agriculture. The agrimotor train, at the same time, is a complex machine, as a rule, less maneuverable than a single vehicle. Exceeding the speed of movement, especially motor-car trains, leads to disruption of their steady movement, especially on straight and curvilinear sections of the path, or in conditions of increased complexity of movement. The author made a scientific assumption about the possibility of improving the safety of movement of motor trains by increasing the stability of their movement on the road route by influencing the design characteristics of traction hitch of automotive-agrimotor trains, increasing the stability of the course of a motor train by increasing the attenuation coefficient of lateral oscillations of the trailer after exposure to it lateral disturbing forces.

Целью магистерской диссертации является создание и обоснование конструкции стабилизирующего тягово-сцепного устройства для легкового автомобиля для повышения безопасности движения автопоезда. Практическое значение работы заключается в том, что была предложена новая принципиальная схема стабилизирующего тягово-сцепного устройства с наклонным шкворнем (крестовиной), создана и рассчитана реальная конструкция устройства. В магистерской диссертации изучены теоретические основы движения автопоезда, проведен обзор конструкций и разработок в области увеличения устойчивости движения принципиальные схемы и конструкция стабилизирующего тягово-сцепного устройства, созданы реальная и математическая модели сцепки с применением устройства, проведены расчёты, а также дано технико-экономическое обоснование проекта. / The aim of the master's thesis is to create and substantiate the design of a stabilizing traction device for a car to improve the safety of the road train. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that a new schematic diagram of a stabilizing traction coupling device with an inclined pivot (crosspiece) was proposed, the real design of the device was created and calculated. In the master's thesis, the theoretical foundations of the movement of a road train were studied, a review of designs and developments in the field of increasing the stability of movement was conducted, schematic diagrams and the design of a stabilizing traction coupling device were created, real and mathematical models of coupling using the device were created, calculations were carried out, and a feasibility study of the project was given.

This report presents the conceptual development of an off-road cargo trailer designed for usage in conjunction with bicycles when camping. The objective of the study is to address the limitations of existing cargo trailers and thereafter create a trailer that efficiently can navigate off-road terrains while carrying various types of cargo. The research includes collecting data regarding user behaviours and desired functions an optimal trailer should obtain and was translated into user requirements. The result demonstrates the successful development of an off-road cargo trailer on a conceptual level that offers innovative solutions and improved load-carrying capacity in comparison to the available market, while considering factors such as weight, manoeuvrability, and ease of use. This research contributes to the field by presenting data, which can be used in development and a comprehensive solution that expands the possibilities for bicycle-based cargo transportation in off-road environments. Future work can include further refinements to optimise the trailer’s performance and address additional user requirements based on the data presented.

Denna uppsats handlar om filmtrailrar, och mer specifikt trailrar som marknadsför 3D-filmer. Syftet är att lyfta fram ett till stora delar outforskat ämne och undersöka likheter och skillnader i konventioner mellan trailrar från 50-talet och moderna trailrar. Frågorna jag ämnar svara är: Hur marknadsför moderna, samtida trailrar 3D-teknologin? Finns det gemensamma konventioner och stilistiska grepp som är genomgående för dessa trailrar? Vad finns det för likheter respektive skillnader i konevntioner och grepp? Vad har förändrats i marknadsföringen av 3D-teknologin sedan 1950-talet? Forskningsfältet trailrar är till stora delar outforskat, men mitt arbete lyfter fram några studier som gjorts. Kernan har skrivit en bok om trailrar i allmänhetoch utformat tankar och resonemang om vad en trailer är. Hon utgår ifrån ett retoriskt synsätt och menar att det går att utläsa hur studior via trailrar "talar" till publiken. Street har skrivit en artikel som utgår ifrån Esther Harris, som skapade trailrar i England, och hennes arbete. Street redogör för Harris trailrar i synnerhet och filmtrailrar i allmänhet och knyter an till det Kernan redogör för i sin bok. Johnston har skrivit om hur trailrar marknadsför teknologi, däribland en artikel om just trailrar för 3D-filmer. Det är denna artikel, med hans resonemang och resultat, som ligger till grund som teoretisk ram för detta arbete. Johnston menar att en rad konventioner och grepp utvecklades under 1950-talet för att lyfta fram 3D-formatet som den stora stjärnan som skulle locka tillbaka publiken till biograferna. Han menar att scener och sekvenser med action, specialeffekter och spektakel lyftes fram så att publiken skulle få se prov på vad formatet kunde göra. Speciellt klipp med utstickande föremål eller armar, vapen eller liknande, framhävdes för att understryka den tredje dimensionen. Man använde även textskyltar och berättarröster som berättade och informerade om 3D-teknologin., samt så kallade "Masters of Ceremonies"; specialskapade segment i trailern där, oftast, en skådespelare (som sig själv eller i sin roll) vände sig direkt till publiken och berättade om 3D-formatet.  I min analys utgår jag ifrån Johnstons teorier och analysrerar sedan trailrarna till Avatar, The Final Destination, Tron: Legacy, Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides, The Three Musketeers, The Adventures of Tintin, Men In Black 3 samt The Smurfs. Jag finner att trailrarna gör väldigt lite eller inget alls för att informera om 3D-formatet, men att konventioner i val av klipp och scener sig lika sedan 1950-talet. Med andra ord, att scener med action, specialeffekter, spektakel, och saker och föremål och annat som sticker ut ur skärmen lyfts fram. Undantaget är trailern till The Smurfs som till stor del är lik trailerkonventionerna från 50-talet, i det att den vänder sig direkt till publiken i specialgjort material i sitt tilltal och använder sig av "the Master of Ceremonies".  Jag kommer fram till att mycket i de moderna trailrarna är sig likt och att flera konventioner och grepp lever kvar sedan 50-talet. De största skillnaderna ligger i det direkta tilltalet till publiken och att de moderna trailrarna tycks tona ner budskapet om 3D-formatet.

Natural disasters are increasing in both number and severity, causing the number of people being displaced by disaster to rise as well. Hurricane Katrina provides a particularly poignant example of the human impact of disaster, and of inadequate disaster response, especially where housing is concerned. The Federal Emergency Management Agency’s response to Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans exposed a gap in the approach to housing survivors of natural disasters, especially at the interim housing level. The FEMA trailer - which was only intended to house survivors temporarily but, in many cases, became a long term housing solution, - provided shelter for survivors, but did not account for their psychological well-being. The loss of one’s home can be a traumatic experience, as people identify their sense of self with their home. Therefore, it is crucial to reinstate this sense of home, and in turn provide continuity to the sense of self, early on in the recovery process. Rebuilding after a natural disaster is a long process. Because of this, disaster housing needs to be able to evoke a sense of home and ownership so that inhabitants can connect with their environment and reinstate their daily routines. This helps them to rebuild their lives. The proposed project attempts to do this by allowing for flexibility and choice in both the design and daily use of the house. The house transitions from temporary to permanent housing, allowing for a dialogue between inhabitant and environment to begin early on in the recovery process, and to persist. The design is informed by theories on place making, elements of home, dwelling, as well as loss and the grieving process.

Natural disasters are increasing in both number and severity, causing the number of people being displaced by disaster to rise as well. Hurricane Katrina provides a particularly poignant example of the human impact of disaster, and of inadequate disaster response, especially where housing is concerned. The Federal Emergency Management Agency’s response to Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans exposed a gap in the approach to housing survivors of natural disasters, especially at the interim housing level. The FEMA trailer - which was only intended to house survivors temporarily but, in many cases, became a long term housing solution, - provided shelter for survivors, but did not account for their psychological well-being. The loss of one’s home can be a traumatic experience, as people identify their sense of self with their home. Therefore, it is crucial to reinstate this sense of home, and in turn provide continuity to the sense of self, early on in the recovery process. Rebuilding after a natural disaster is a long process. Because of this, disaster housing needs to be able to evoke a sense of home and ownership so that inhabitants can connect with their environment and reinstate their daily routines. This helps them to rebuild their lives. The proposed project attempts to do this by allowing for flexibility and choice in both the design and daily use of the house. The house transitions from temporary to permanent housing, allowing for a dialogue between inhabitant and environment to begin early on in the recovery process, and to persist. The design is informed by theories on place making, elements of home, dwelling, as well as loss and the grieving process.

Die Auswahl einer zweckmäßigen Verbindungstechnik hat großen Einfluss auf die Kosten für die Herstellung und Wartung von Gütern. Das mechanische Verbinden von Bauteilen mit Schließringbolzen gehört zum umformtechnischen Fügen. Damit werden kostengünstig unlösbare und mechanisch hoch beanspruchbare, punktförmige Verbindungen erzeugt. Die vorliegende Arbeit hatte das Ziel, in umfassender Form den Nachweis zu erbringen, dass mit Schließringbolzensystemen ohne Sollbruchstelle wartungsfreie Verbindungen hergestellt werden können. Diese Wartungsfreiheit bezieht sich auf den Erhalt der mechanischen Eigenschaften der Verbindung und des Korrosionsschutzes bis zur beabsichtigten Grenznutzungsdauer. Aus einer Analyse des Standes der Technik wurde der Forschungsbedarf hinsichtlich der Wartungsfreiheit von Schließringbolzenverbindungen aus mechanischer und korrosiver Sicht abgeleitet. In einem mehrstufigen Prüfprogramm, unterteilt nach Anwendungen im Nutzfahrzeugbau und Stahlbau, wurde nach maschinenbaulichen und stahlbaulichen Konzepten die mechanische Leistungsfähigkeit der Verbindungen untersucht. Die Forschungsergebnisse aus diesem Programm und der Test neu entwickelter Beschichtungssysteme für die Bolzen und die Schließringe bestätigten die Eingangsthese über die Wartungsfreiheit. Metallografische Analysen und FEM Rechnungen ergänzen die Arbeit. Sie ist in sechs Abschnitte unterteilt und enthält 135 Abbildungen, 25 Tabellen, 3 Anlagen. Es wurden 118 Literaturquellen berücksichtigt. Mit der Arbeit steht dem Ingenieur ein umfangreiches Auskunftsmaterial zum Vergleich von Schließringbolzenverbindungen mit anderen Fügeverfahren, besonders jedoch zur Verschraubung zur Verfügung. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen und Aussagen sollten in zukünftiger Forschung zu einem ganzheitlichen Konzept für die rechnerische Auslegung und Dimensionierung von Schließringbolzenverbindungen nach dem Vorbild der VDI 2230 und der EN 1993 weitergeführt werden.

This Diploma Thesis is dedicated to stress analysis of carrier swap bodies Mega 25 with maximum technical weight 27 000 kg and has been worked out in corporation with ZDT Nové Veselí company. The aim of this work is to stress analysis of trailer in various burdensome conditions. The first section of the Thesis is occupied with original design and burdensome condition. Then, according to these states gained strength to control the finite element method, implement and then modify the design including design of new drawbar and then create selected construction drawings prepared.