Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leila Toshie Yabiku.pdf: 401790 bytes, checksum: 08fe33690fa0bd1bc0e7c35a00dadbf6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-14 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This dissertation aimed at building the dialogue between, on one side, theoretic themes related to the production of the concept of superego in Freud's works, and, on the other side, an interpretation of the process experienced by the main character in the fictional work O cheiro do ralo [the smell from the drain]. The interpretation follows a psychoanalytical reading, meaning that the fictional text is taken as a clinical case. The arguments were developed by combining theoretical vignettes with data provided by the analysis of the fictional character, a procedure that finds its reason in the fact that it follows the clinical praxis, defined as a practice where theory is put to work for what is raised along the analytical process.The associations produced by the character in this chronicle lead to the understanding of a fragmented psychological constitution which is shown by the way he develops his relations with the surrounding world. The interpretive reading of the character allows us to question the possibilities found by the subject in relation to his superegoic constitution, according to the psychological frame in which he inscribes himself. With the tools provided by the theory here evoked and the analysis that was developed, we can see a situation in which there is an effort to build the ego ideal, although this process happens in a fragmented and disorganized way. For the case under analysis, the absence of an inscription that enables to sustain the superegoic functions to be built by the subject causes an endless search for elements that, in a certain sense, could replace what he evokes as being needed in his process of accomplishing the superegoic functions / O objetivo desta dissertação é o de ensejar o diálogo entre os temas teóricos relativos à constituição do conceito supereu na obra de Freud e a leitura do personagem da crônica O cheiro do ralo, analisado nos moldes de um processo analítico, sendo, portanto, levado à condição de caso clínico. A argumentação foi desenvolvida a partir da conjugação de vinhetas teóricas com dados provenientes da análise do personagem da crônica literária, procedimento que se justifica por acompanhar o exercício da prática clínica, no qual a teoria se coloca a serviço do que é suscitado ao longo do trabalho analítico. As associações expostas pelo personagem principal da crônica levam à compreensão de uma constituição psíquica fragmentada, exposta pelo modo como se desenrola sua relação com seu mundo circundante. A leitura interpretativa do personagem leva ao questionamento das possibilidades encontradas pelo sujeito, em relação à sua constituição superegóica, no contexto de constituição psíquica em que se inscreve. À luz da teoria aqui convocada e da parte analítica empreendida, deparamo-nos com uma situação em que há esforço de construção do ideal de Eu, ainda que de maneira fragmentária e desordenada. No caso analisado, a ausência de uma inscrição que pudesse sustentar a construção das funções superegóicas para o sujeito faz com que se constitua uma busca por elementos que, em alguma medida, pudessem substituir os traços convocados para cumprir as funções superegóicas

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de depressão e ansiedade entre os alunos do primeiro ao sexto ano do curso de medicina da FMUSP e como manifestam a resistência na busca por auxílio psicológico. Método: aplicação dos Inventários de Depressão (BDI) e Ansiedade de Beck (BAI) e Questionário aos alunos matriculados no ano de 2012 na Faculdade de Medicina da USP, bem como do Teste de Apercepção Temática àqueles que preencheram os critérios de resistência à busca de auxílio psicológico. Resultados: Dos 1.034 alunos matriculados na graduação em 2.012, 439 (42,46%) responderam adequadamente o BAI e BDI, sendo que desses, 13,4% sujeitos apresentaram sintomas de ansiedade em nível Leve e 5,5% em nível Moderado. Dentre os 437 Inventários de Depressão respondidos, 16,0% indicaram nível Leve e 4,1% Nível Moderado de depressão. Não houve diferença significativa entre os gêneros em relação aos níveis de depressão e ansiedade encontrados. Dos 82 sujeitos que apresentaram ansiedade em nível Leve e Moderado, 56 (68,3%) afirmaram ter demanda por algum tipo de serviço em saúde mental, mas apenas 12 (14,5%) estavam em tratamento. Dos 87 sujeitos que apresentavam sintomas depressivos em nível Leve e Moderado, 58 (66,7%) apresentaram demanda para tratamento psicológico e somente 17 (19,6%) estavam em terapia. Foram enviadas 109 Cartas-convites aos sujeitos que revelaram interesse em buscar auxílio psicológico e não buscaram e aos que apresentaram sintomas depressivos e ansiosos em nível moderado para participarem do Teste de Apercepção Temática, mas compareceram a essa atividade apenas 7 sujeitos, todos com sintomas de ansiedade e depressão em níveis mínimo e leve. Foram aplicadas 5 pranchas do TAT a esses sujeitos que, de forma geral, revelaram sentimentos que em sua maioria eram negativos ou pessimistas. As ansiedades prevalentes foram as paranoides e as relacionadas ao desempenho de tarefas, as defesas mais percebidas foram a maníaca e a racionalização, a integração do ego variou entre fraca, razoável e boa e a adequação do superego apontou para um superego exigente e rígido. Conclusão: A maioria dos alunos de medicina com ansiedade e depressão em níveis Leve e Moderado apresentou resistência para buscar auxílio psicológico. A resistência se manifestou em dois níveis: um mais intenso, que impede o sujeito de perceber sua doença, seus sintomas e seu próprio sofrimento psíquico; e em um nível menos intenso, em que o sujeito percebe sua doença e/ou sintomas e reconhece a necessidade de buscar auxílio, mas não o procura. A resistência parece estar relacionada a um modo de \"ser\" idealizado, associado a um superego rígido e exigente e compartilhado e perseguido pelo corpo discente / Objective: To estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety among first-to-sixth year medical students of FMUSP and how they resist to seek mental health support. Methodology: This study used cross-setional survey data from a representative sample of undergraduated medical students (N= 439) that answered Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and a Supplemental Questionnaire. The students that scored positively for depression and anxiety and those who demand for psychological treatment but had not accessed any mental health service were invited to the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). Results: Of the 1,034 undergraduate students attending the medical school in 2012, 439 (42.46%) responded adequately BAI and BDI, and of them, 13.4% students had symptoms of anxiety in Light Level and 5.5% in Moderate level. Among the 437 BDI that were considered in this survey, 16.0% indicated Light Level and 4.1% Moderate Level of depression. Considering gender, there was no significant difference in the levels of depression and anxiety. Of the 82 students with anxiety in Light and Moderate Level, 56 (68.3%) reported demand for some kind of service in mental health, but only 12 (14.5%) were receiving treatment. Of the 87 subjects with depressive symptoms in Light and Moderate Level, 58 (66.7%) considered seeking for mental health care and only 17 (19.6%) were in therapy. 109 students who have shown interest in seeking psychological help and have not sought and those who had depressive and anxiety symptoms in moderate level were invited to participate to the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), but only 7 students attended this activity, all with symptoms of anxiety and depression in minimum and light levels. The TAT was used in a reduced version of 5 pictures and, in general, the students\' answers revealed negative or pessimistic feelings. The paranoid anxieties were prevalent and related to performance tasks. The manic and rationalization were the most observed psychic defenses. The ego showed a variation from poor to fair good integration and the superego were pointed as demanding and rigid. Conclusion: Most medical students with anxiety and depression in Light and Moderate levels showed resistance to seek psychological help. The resistance was manifested in two levels: the more intense, which prevents the student to perceive their disease, symptoms and their own psychological distress; and a less intense level, that allows the students to perceive their illness and / or symptoms and recognizes their needs to seek help, but prevents them accessing mental health services. The resistance seems to be associated to idealized way of \"being\", shared by this student population

Ce travail de thèse est consacré à l’étude de l’adolescence dans le lien social actuel. En mettant en lien plusieurs concepts psychanalytiques nous essayons de rendre compte des difficultés du passage adolescent que nous avons pu observer dans la clinique. Nous mettons en avant le lien entre le discours social ambiant et les difficultés que les adolescents peuvent éprouver aujourd’hui en tentant de devenir adulte. Nous concluons sur la question de la panne du sujet adolescent. Cette panne de l’adolescence n’est ni considérée comme une panne de l’Autre que chaque adolescent rencontre, ni comme une panne de la société mais comme une panne des processus mêmes de subjectivation. La difficulté de grandir peut être aujourd’hui entendu comme l’absence du désir de devenir adulte, comme l’impossible construction du lien à l’Autre. Nous évoquons à la fin de cette thèse le mythe de Narcisse et le destin du sujet désirant dans une société où on ne donne pas le temps au désir d’émerger. / This PhD thesis is dedicated to a study on adolescence in the current social link. We put into relation several psychoanalytical concepts in order to acknowledge the difficulties of passing through adolescence that we observed in the Clinic.The methodology of this research is based on the study “CoPsyEnfant”. We used children’s and adolescents’ drawings in order to find out which are the identification models used today by children and adolescents. Clinical interviews and projective tests were used to help us to understand the subjectivity processes and hardships of adolescent passage in the current social link. The analysis of three clinical cases demonstrated several possible paths while passing through adolescence. We conclude on the question of the failure of the adolescent subject. The difficulty to grow can be heard today as the lack of desire to become an adult, as the impossible construction of the link to the big Other. At the end of this thesis we mention the Narcissus myth and the desiring subject’s destiny within a society which does not give the time to the desire to appear.

[pt] Esta pesquisa constitui uma análise do ideal de amor romântico como um dos possíveis determinantes à denominada feminização do vírus do hiv-aids, tomando como ponto de partida a experiência em pesquisa com mulheres atendidas no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto. De acordo com dados do Ministério da Saúde (Boletim UNAIDS 2013) a mortalidade entre mulheres infectadas já supera a de homens no Brasil, e em especial no campo da presente pesquisa – Estado do Pará. Nesta realidade, por meio da prática em pesquisa como psicólogo, inúmeros questionamentos foram delineados: O que essas mulheres escutadas nas enfermarias do hospital nos dizem acerca de sua exposição a essa enfermidade? Suas demandas poderiam nos dar indícios acerca da feminização da síndrome? Diante destas questões, tem-se como problema de pesquisa a possível relação entre o ideal de amor romântico imaginariamente tomado como completude e proteção e o fenômeno da crescente exposição de mulheres ao vírus do hiv-aids em Belém-PA. Para tanto, utilizou-se como método a pesquisa documental em relatos de caso estudados no Laboratório de Psicanálise e Psicopatologia Fundamental (LPPF/UFPA) entre os anos de 2009 a 2013, que resultaram em ampla produção científica. Com esta abordagem, possibilita-se uma análise tanto cultural quanto individual acerca das construções referidas ao amor romântico como ideal. Da revisão crítica das construções culturais acerca do amor, com enfoque no romance/mito de Tristão e Isolda, na metafísica amorosa d O Banquete de Platão e na pedagogia de Rousseau em Emílio, notou-se a existência de diversos elementos culturais que funcionam como aporte necessário à construção de uma mitológica individual presente no discurso das mulheres escutadas no referido espaço de pesquisa. Além disso, uma revisão crítica do amor romântico como ideal em psicanálise se mostrou necessária, pois nele se desenha a ilusão de uma satisfação narcísica pela via da completude, na qual o sujeito pode se colocar em uma postura vulnerável justamente por sentir que o amor o salvaguardaria de todos os males da existência. Por fim, verificamos, na releitura dos casos estudados, que este discurso se faz presente, pois em inúmeros casos, elas se acreditavam protegidas pelo amor, tanto no caso de um súbito apaixonamento, quanto em relações estáveis com seus parceiros sexuais. Como resultado desta pesquisa, e a partir do que consta nos relatos de caso clínico dessas mulheres, pode-se considerar que o ideal de amor romântico constitui um fator decisivo, que pode influenciar no crescente número de mulheres vivendo com aids. / [en] This research analyzes the ideal of romantic love as one of the possible determinants of the so-called feminization of the HIV-AIDS virus, taking as a starting point a research experience involving female patients of the University Hospital João de Barros Barreto. According to data by the Ministry of Health (UNAIDS Bulletin 2013), mortality among infected women already exceeds that of men in Brazil, especially in the area covered by the present research, the state of Pará. Given that situation, a wide range of questions were outlined based on our research practice as a psychologist, such as What do these women, who were interviewed at the hospital wards, tell us about their exposure to that disease? and Can their needs provide us with clues about the feminization of the syndrome? Given these questions, the research subject is about the possible relationship between the ideal of romantic love imagined as completeness and protection and the phenomenon of increased exposure of women to the HIV-AIDS virus in Belém-PA. Regarding the method, a documental research involving case reports was carried out at the Laboratory of Psychoanalysis and Fundamental Psychopathology (LPPF/UFPA) from 2009 to 2013, which resulted in a large scientific production. This approach allowed us to perform both a cultural and an individual analysis of the constructions that refer to romantic love as an ideal. The critical review of cultural constructions about love, taking into account especially the novel/myth of Tristan and Iseult, the metaphysics of love in Plato s Symposium, and Rousseau s pedagogy in his Émile, allowed us to survey various cultural elements that operate as required contributions to the construction of an individual mythology present in the discourse of the interviewed women. In addition, a critical revision of romantic love as an ideal in psychoanalysis turned out to be necessary as well, since it encourages the illusion of narcissistic satisfaction by means of completeness, allowing the subject to put himself in a vulnerable position precisely because he feels that love would protect him from all the evils of existence. Eventually, as we reread the cases studied, we concluded that this discourse is actually present, since in many cases, those women actually believe they are protected by love, both in the event of a sudden passion and of stable relationships with their sexual partners. As a result of this research, and based on what the clinical case reports of these women contain, the ideal of romantic love may be considered a decisive factor that could influence the growing number of women living with AIDS. / [fr] Cette recherche analyse l idéal de l amour romantique comme l un des déterminants de la soi-disant féminisation du virus VIH-SIDA, ayant comme point de départ une recherche auprès de femmes traitées à l hôpital universitaire João de Barros Barreto. Selon le Ministère de la Santé (Bulletin UNAIDS 2013), la mortalité des femmes infectées dépasse déjà celui des hommes au Brésil, en particulier dans la région de cette recherche, l état du Pará. Cette situation, ainsi que notre pratique en tant que psychologue, suscite de nombreuses questions: Qu est-ce que les femmes interviewées dans les différentes cliniques de l hôpital nous disent au sujet de leur exposition à cette maladie? et Leurs besoins peuvent-ils nous fournir des indices au sujet de la féminisation du syndrome? Face à ces questions, le problème de recherche porte donc sur le rapport possible entre l idéal de l amour romantique imaginairement pris pour la complétude et la protection et le phénomène l exposition croissante des femmes au virus du VIH-SIDA à Belém-PA. En tant que méthode, une recherche documentaire de rapports de cas a été menée au Laboratoire de Psychanalyse et de Psychopathologie Fondamentale (LPPF/UFPA) entre 2009 et 2013, dont le résultat a été une vaste production scientifique. Cette approche nous a permis de réaliser une analyse à la fois culturelle et individuelle des constructions qui se référent à l amour romantique comme idéal. L examen critique des constructions culturelles de l amour, prenant en compte particulièrement le roman/mythe de Tristan et Iseult, la métaphysique de l amour du Banquet de Platon et la pédagogie de Rousseau dans Émile, nous a permis de noter l existence de divers éléments culturels qui agissent comme contribution nécessaire pour construire une mythologie individuelle que l on retrouve dans le discours des femmes interviewées. En outre, un examen critique de l amour romantique comme idéal dans la psychanalyse s est avéré nécessaire, car il contient l illusion d une satisfaction narcissique par la voie de la complétude, dans laquelle le sujet peut se placer dans une position vulnérable justement parce qu il sent que l amour le protégerait de tous les maux de l existence. En somme, la relecture des cas étudiés montre que ce discours est effectivement présent, car dans de nombreux cas, ces femmes se croyaient protégées par l amour, non seulement dans le cas d un coup de foudre, mais aussi des relations stables qu elles entretiennent avec leurs partenaires sexuels. Les résultats de cette recherche, ainsi que le contenu des rapports de cas cliniques de ces femmes nous mènent à conclure que l amour romantique idéal est un facteur décisif qui pourrait effectivement influencer le nombre croissant de femmes qui vivent avec le SIDA.

[pt] Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar os laços observados no coletivo, a partir das coordenadas sugeridas por Freud na análise dos fenômenos da massa. Freud aponta a premissa do líder como fundamento de qualquer agrupamento, elo primordial nas relações entre os membros da massa. O seu caráter, ao mesmo tempo, maleável e homogêneo se definiria a partir do sugestionamento feito pelo líder. A identificação é o conceito norteador neste processo, desde sua apreensão primitiva e coletiva - através do Pai da horda, até o seu desdobramento no complexo de Édipo. Essa dissertação pretende inquirir a função do cartel enquanto ferramenta para o tratamento dos efeitos de massa; e analisar o papel do mais-um como agente provocador da incompletude no grupo. Pra tanto, observaremos um estudo dos grupos clínicos da Associação Digaí-Maré que, inspirados no cartel, buscam a inclusão da singularidade no grupo, normalmente afeito ao universal. O trabalho do clínico nos grupos do Digaí-Maré aposta nas diretrizes do mais-um, tentando descompletar a pretensa união do grupo. Os casos analisados discutem a possibilidade de sustentação do laço pela diferença. A inserção do estranho no conjunto se apresentaria como alternativa para a conservação das singularidades, assegurando o espaço para o sintoma de cada um. / [en] This study aims to investigate the ties notated in collective, started with the co-ordenates introduced by Freud in his analysis about the mass. The major premise of a pressing leader happened in any grouping. The leader induce the mass that introduce itself malleable by him. The identification is the essential concept since its origin apprehension with the horde s father till its development in the Oedipus. The cartel is an important instrument to treat the mass effects; and the plus-one is responsible to deflate the group. The groups of Digaí-Maré Association intent to include the singularity in the united that generally tends to universal. The psychoanalyst that works on Digaí-Maré Association supposes to be the plus-one that defly the mass effects. The pretend tie on group is with the insupportable difference that can interlace each member. The only possibility to conserve the uniqueness is to include the strange peculiarity that owns us.

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie navorsing het die verband tussen vroee adolessenterugbyspelers se doelorientering en selfkonsep, empiries en in die literatuur, ondersoek. Die literatuurondersoek het getoon dat doelorientering oar twee komponente beskik, naamlik taakbetrokkenheid en egobetrokkenheid. Taakbetrokke sportdeelnemers fokus op vaardigheidsontwikkeling en gebruik hulle eie prestasies as maatstaf vir sukses. Hulle beleef sukses wanneer 'n taak bemeester is, leer plaasvind, of daar 'n verbetering in die uitvoering van die taak is. Sukses word toegeskryf aan die mate van inspanning gelewer. Egobetrokke sportdeelnemers fokus op die wenmotief, gebruik normatiewe vergelyking as maatstaf vir prestasie, en beleef sukses wanneer hulle eie prestasies gunstig met die van ander kan vergelyk. Sukses word aan aangebore talent toegeskryf. Die empiriese ondersoek het bevind dat taakbetrokkenheid positief verband hou met die globale, persoonlike, en sosiale self. Egobetrokkenheid hou negatief verband met die fisieke self, en positief verband met kompetisie-angs. / The research investigated, in the literature and empirically, the possible relation between the goal orientation of male adolescent rugby players and their self-concept. The literature study indicated that goal orientation has two components, namely task involvement and ego involvement. In task-involved sport participation, skills development is emphasized, evaluation of achievement is self-referenced, and success experienced when learning takes place, a task is mastered, or when there is improvement in the execution of tasks. Success is attributed to effort. In ego-involved sport participation objective outcomes are emphasized (i.e. winning), evaluation of achievement is norm-based, and success experienced when own achievements are favourably compared to those of other sport participants. Success is attributed to natural ability. The empirical study indicated a positive relation between task-involved sport participation and the global, personal, and social self. A negative relation between ego-involved sport participation and the physical self, and a positive relation between ego involvement and competition-anxiety was found. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Spesialisering in Voorligting)

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie navorsing het die verband tussen vroee adolessenterugbyspelers se doelorientering en selfkonsep, empiries en in die literatuur, ondersoek. Die literatuurondersoek het getoon dat doelorientering oar twee komponente beskik, naamlik taakbetrokkenheid en egobetrokkenheid. Taakbetrokke sportdeelnemers fokus op vaardigheidsontwikkeling en gebruik hulle eie prestasies as maatstaf vir sukses. Hulle beleef sukses wanneer 'n taak bemeester is, leer plaasvind, of daar 'n verbetering in die uitvoering van die taak is. Sukses word toegeskryf aan die mate van inspanning gelewer. Egobetrokke sportdeelnemers fokus op die wenmotief, gebruik normatiewe vergelyking as maatstaf vir prestasie, en beleef sukses wanneer hulle eie prestasies gunstig met die van ander kan vergelyk. Sukses word aan aangebore talent toegeskryf. Die empiriese ondersoek het bevind dat taakbetrokkenheid positief verband hou met die globale, persoonlike, en sosiale self. Egobetrokkenheid hou negatief verband met die fisieke self, en positief verband met kompetisie-angs. / The research investigated, in the literature and empirically, the possible relation between the goal orientation of male adolescent rugby players and their self-concept. The literature study indicated that goal orientation has two components, namely task involvement and ego involvement. In task-involved sport participation, skills development is emphasized, evaluation of achievement is self-referenced, and success experienced when learning takes place, a task is mastered, or when there is improvement in the execution of tasks. Success is attributed to effort. In ego-involved sport participation objective outcomes are emphasized (i.e. winning), evaluation of achievement is norm-based, and success experienced when own achievements are favourably compared to those of other sport participants. Success is attributed to natural ability. The empirical study indicated a positive relation between task-involved sport participation and the global, personal, and social self. A negative relation between ego-involved sport participation and the physical self, and a positive relation between ego involvement and competition-anxiety was found. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Spesialisering in Voorligting)