Syftet med studien var att analysera bilderböcker av två författare, Elsa Beskow och Pija Lindebaum, från olika tidsperioder med bred spridning och stor produktion. Syftet var också att analysera hur bilderböcker har förändrats över tid. Genom den utvalda barnlitteraturen undersöktes genusframställningen utifrån respektive tidsperiod och författare genom både bild- och textanalys. Studien utgick från Hirdmans genusteori och analyserades via ett analysschema inspirerat av Nikolajeva. Analysens resultat diskuteras utifrån ett didaktiskt perspektiv.                      Studiens resultat visar att barnens vuxna förebilder ofta framställs stereotypiskt men att det mellan författarnas tidsperioder skett en omfattande utveckling i porträtteringen av könsöverskridande barnkaraktärer i barnlitteraturen. Ett överraskande resultat var att illustrationernas färger tydligt kopplades till karaktärernas kön. Ljusa färger som till exempelvis röd, rosa, orange kopplades till de feminina karaktärerna medan mörkare färger som till exempelvis blå, grön och grå kopplades till de maskulina karaktärerna. Ytterligare resultat var att det framkom mönster kring de övergripande handlingarna beroende av vilket kön den könsöverskridande karaktären hade. I de bilderböckerna där flickorna framställs som maskulina hade handlingen ett annat fokusområde. I bilderböckerna där pojkarna går över mot de feminina dragen fokuserar handlingen specifikt på det könsöverskridande som sker hos den feminina pojken. Detta synliggör vikten av att som pedagog fundera över hur val av barnlitteratur påverkar barn och deras identitetsutveckling utifrån ett genusperspektiv.

Nesta tese, determinou-se o consumo alimentar e consumo de álcool de 2972 participantes de pesquisa do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). Posteriormente foi identificada a relação da dieta e álcool com as subfrações de colesterol medidas por ultracentrifugação vertical, denominada Vertical Auto Profile (VAP). Foi identificada baixa associação dos ácidos graxos dietéticos e as subfrações de colesterol. Quanto ao consumo de álcool, independentemente do tipo de bebida alcóolica consumida, o álcool resultou em melhor perfil lipídico, com níveis significativamente maiores de HDL-colesterol, HDL2-colesterol e HDL3-colesterol, tanto em homens quanto mulheres. Também foi discutida a parte ética de pesquisas com seres humanos, contextualizando o caso do ELSA-Brasil. / In this thesis, food and alcohol consumption of 2972 research participants from the Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brazil) were determined. Subsequently, the relationship between diet and alcohol with cholesterol subfractions measured by vertical ultracentrifugation, called Vertical Auto Profile (VAP), was identified. Low association of dietary fatty acids and cholesterol subfractions has been seen. Regarding alcohol consumption, regardless of the type of alcohol consumed, alcohol resulted in a better lipid profile, with significantly higher levels of HDL-cholesterol, HDL2-cholesterol and HDL3-cholesterol, in both men and women. The ethical part of research with human beings was also discussed, contextualizing the case of ELSA-Brazil.

Les travaux de cette thèse, réalisés au sein de l’équipe CLEF/DMFN de l’ONERA (Office National d’ Etudes et de Recherches Aérospatiales) en partenariat avec le laboratoire DynFluid et le CIRT (Consortium Industrie-Recherche en Turbomachines) s’inscrivent dans une demarche d’amélioration des outils de simulations pour les turbomachines. Compte tenu de ce contexte, l’objectif de cette étude est de développer de nouvelles méthodes pour le traitement des raccords non coincidents dans les turbomachines qui soit à la fois d’ordre elevé et conservatifs. Les développements proposés sont validés et composés de configurations de difficulté croissante. / A high-order and conservative method is developed for the numerical treatment of interface conditions in patched grids, based on the use of a ctitious grid methodology. The proposed approach is compared with a non-conservative interpolation of the state variables from the neighbouring domain for selected internal fow problems.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / No abstract available.

Cette thèse, collaboration entre Michelin et l’ONERA, propose de mettre en œuvre des simulations instationnaires URANS grâce au code Navier-Stokes elsA de l’ONERA en vue d’analyser l’écoulement complexe 3D instationnaire se développant au voisinage des roues d'un véhicule et d’identifier les mécanismes à l’origine de la production de traînée.En effet, les roues (jantes et pneumatiques) constituent un nouvel axe de recherche prometteur en aérodynamique automobile car on estime de 20% à 40% la contribution des roues et passages de roues à la traînée totale. Cependant, leur optimisation nécessite en premier lieu une compréhension complète des phénomènes aérodynamiques mis en jeu. Les analyses spatio-temporelles menées sur roue isolée et sur véhicule pour trois types de pneumatiques (lisse, rugueux, avec sillons) apportent de nouveaux éléments de compréhension sur la physique de l’écoulement. Ce travail répond notamment aux limites principales des études précédentes grâce à la description de l'écoulement sur des géométries de référence incluant des pneumatiques déformés lisses et grâce à l’étude de l’instationnarité. Les analyses spatiales permettent de décrire l’organisation des structures tourbillonnaires sur roue isolée puis autour des roues avant et arrière d’un véhicule simplifié. Les analyses temporelles facilitent quant à elles la compréhension de la dynamique de l’écoulement par la mise en évidence de la génération des tourbillons et des mécanismes d’interaction avec la carrosserie. Des validations expérimentales sont effectuées à la fois sur roue isolée et sur véhicule en soufflerie. Enfin, l’utilisation de plusieurs types de pneumatiques démontre leur capacité à modifier les caractéristiques spatio-temporelles de l’ensemble de l’écoulement et à jouer ainsi sur la puissance dissipée par le véhicule via la traînée et le moment de rotation des roues. / As a collaborative task between Michelin and ONERA, this thesis aims to investigate the complex unsteady 3D flow around car wheels and to identify the mechanisms of drag production linked to this part of the car thanks to URANS unsteady numerical simulations using ONERA’s Navier-Stokes code elsA. The wheels (i.e. rims and tyres) are indeed a promising research topic in the field of car aerodynamics. The part of the total drag due to the wheels and wheelhouses is indeed estimated between 20% and 40%. The first step towards wheel optimisation is to achieve full understanding of the aerodynamic phenomena produced around them. The analysis of the flow for three types of tyres (smooth, rough, grooved), both around isolated wheels and around a simplified vehicle, brings further understanding of the flow physics. This work completes previous studies in this field thanks to the description of basic flows around smooth wheels and the study of unsteady effects. It describes the arrangement of vortical structures around an isolated wheel and around the front and rear wheels of a simplified vehicle. Moreover, the analysis of the flow unsteadiness facilitates understanding of the flow dynamics by highlighting the generation of the main vortices and the interaction phenomena with the car body. The validation of numerical models is performed with specific experiments by Michelin on both an isolated wheel and a vehicle configuration. Finally, the use of different tyres shows their ability to modify both space and time characteristics of the whole flow, thus modifying the power dissipated by the car drag and the rotation moment of the wheels.

Method books are a major means by which musicians study techniques and performance practices of the past. In addition to being practical tools for learning one's craft, these books serve as a historical reference into the minds of famous performers and teachers. Today's use of nineteenth century method books ensures the instructional lineages of famous clarinetists are carried forward. However, clarinet researchers and historians would be remiss if they did not also record and preserve the distinctive methods of the twentieth century's most effective performers and teachers. Elsa Ludewig-Verdehr is one such clarinetist who has established herself as a substantial twentieth century figure through (1) her performance record, (2) her students' performance and teaching record, and (3) her involvement in the international clarinet community. Review of current literature indicates four articles, five biographic dictionary entries, and one dissertation observation and interview about Dr. Verdehr's methods exist. These sources honor her, provide biographical information, and reference the tenets of her teaching philosophy; however, they do not discuss her detailed methodology or specific pedagogical exercises. Therefore, this text seeks to answer questions about Dr. Verdehr's teaching philosophy and clarinet method in order to record and preserve her life's work. This text provides transcription of over 150 handwritten exercises with primary source commentary. Interview explanations from Dr. Verdehr are combined with analysis of over thirty pages of handwritten material to assemble the first publication of The Verdehr Method: A Suggested Approach and Guide to Studying the Clarinet – Exercises for the Development of Tone, Technique, and Tonguing.

`Active Ageing' has been promoted by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a strategy for promoting the health and well-being of older people. Keeping active and involved in a range of activities not restricted to those associated with labour market participation may, it has been suggested, be beneficial for older people. In this research three domains of `engagement' were considered: paid work, formal involvement (i. e. activities such as voluntary work, attendance at training courses and participation in political organisations) and informal involvement (i. e. activities such as providing care and help to family, and looking after grandchildren). Using the first two waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), this thesis investigated both the cross-sectional association between socio-economic, demographic and health-related variables and engagement at baseline, and the longitudinal association between engagement at baseline and self-rated health (SRH) and depressive symptoms at follow-up (controlling for baseline measures of health). The analysis was based on sample members aged 50- 69 at baseline in Denmark, France, Italy and England, countries selected to represent different welfare regimes. Cross-sectional findings showed that levels of engagement in paid work and formal activities varied across countries, whereas socio-economic, demographic and healthrelated characteristics were similarly associated with engagement in all countries under study. This suggested that country-specific factors, such as retirement policies, might play an important role in determining older people's level of engagement in paid work. Cross-sectional results also suggested that work and formal engagement were associated with good health, whereas -among certain subpopulations -informal activities were associated with bad health. Longitudinal analyses showed that, in all countries, respondents in paid work at baseline were more likely to improve their SRH and less likely to become depressed than those who were `inactive'. Formal and informal engagement were not significantly associated with health at follow-up. Longitudinal results and associations found, however, might have been biased by the high rates of attrition, as multiple imputation techniques and sensitivity analyses suggested. The current research study confirms that engagement in work is an important pathway to health in late life. More attention, however, should be paid to people's working lives, the quality of work and work conditions as these may influence participation in, and withdrawal from, the labour market.

Cancer is predominately a disease of the older population and the recent changes in the cancer field, as a result of ageing, have been rapid and remarkable. Soon as many as one in two people will be diagnosed with cancer at some point in their life. Social support has been shown to have a positive effect on experiences of older people with cancer, however how social support creates a positive effect is still not clearly understood. To address this gap in knowledge, this PhD research explored older people's experiences of social support along the cancer pathway. How social support could influence firstly treatment inequality experienced by older people with cancer, and secondly the quality of life of cancer survivors, was the primary focus of the research. The complexity of the topic, that is the interplay between cancer, older people, and social support, led to integrating qualitative and quantitative methods in a mixed methods design. The first phase of the research involved analysing stories from older people who had used advocacy services to gain support. Thematic analysis methods were applied to cancer narratives to gain a better understanding of the relationship between social support and treatment decisions made by older people with cancer. An exploratory sequential design was followed and the second phase of the research was directed by the findings from the qualitative research. Bivariate and multivariate regression analysis was carried out using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing to gain greater understanding of the relationship between social support and quality of life of older people living with and beyond cancer. The qualitative findings highlighted emotional support needs relating to coping and loneliness. Although advocates were able to help in practical ways it was the emotional support provided though the act of being there that had the greatest impact. Most people reported high social support and had good quality of life (although cancer survivors on average had slightly lower quality of life compared to people without cancer). However, those who reported having low support or no support reported much poorer quality of life. The relationship was similar for both cancer survivors and older people without cancer. The findings potentially reflect complex situations (such as being a carer or not in stable accommodation) that can be adversely affected by also living with cancer. Interventions that increase social support, particularly through the act of 'being there' are likely to improve quality of life for older people living with cancer.

<p>The text discusses the folk-tale princess as a good role model for both children and adults, from a feminist debate concerning this issue. Also an iconographic study, it compares women in folk-tale illustrations with women represented in fin-de-Siècle art concentrating on the Great mother goddess and the femme fatale, finding similarities between folk-tale illustrations and other art. Besides that, the text look at the interest for Swedish folk-tales in the 1890´s, the connection between women as illustrators of children’s books and ideas about nature and womanhood that might have had influence on the Swedish artist Elsa Beskow at the time.</p>

The text discusses the folk-tale princess as a good role model for both children and adults, from a feminist debate concerning this issue. Also an iconographic study, it compares women in folk-tale illustrations with women represented in fin-de-Siècle art concentrating on the Great mother goddess and the femme fatale, finding similarities between folk-tale illustrations and other art. Besides that, the text look at the interest for Swedish folk-tales in the 1890´s, the connection between women as illustrators of children’s books and ideas about nature and womanhood that might have had influence on the Swedish artist Elsa Beskow at the time.