Uppsatsen är en text- och bildanalys där vi analyserar Olles skidfärd (2017) ur ett postkolonialt litteraturperspektiv. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur porträtteringen av samerna och deras miljö i text och bild framställs i jämförelse med den icke-samiska karaktären Olle och hans miljö, i Elsa Beskows Olles skidfärd (2017). Vidare kommer resultatet av den litterära analysen att ligga till grund för en diskussion om bokens didaktiska potential. Den metod som använts är text- och bildanalys med ett kvalitativt och postkolonialt litteraturteoretiskt anslag. Resultatet av analysen visar att boken upprätthåller rasistiska och eurocentriska föreställningar av samer. Som exempel kommer dessa föreställningar till liv genom den kulturella essentialism som är genomgående i nästan hela boken. På grund av detta blir boken intressant att diskutera utifrån dess didaktiska potential.

Denna motivstudie analyserar vilka teman och motiv som finns i tre bilderböcker: Puttes äventyr i blåbärsskogen (1901) av Elsa Beskow, Bus och Frö på varsin ö (2012) av Maria Nilsson Thore och Lille Lustig och skogens vänner (2015) av Inger Kvillner och Eva Kvillner. Syftet med analysen är att undersöka hur naturskildring och gestaltning av djur framställs i tre utvalda bilderböcker för barn, vilka motiv som finns i dessa böcker samt samspelet mellan bild och text. Studien utgår från en kvalitativ metod och använder sig av Nikolajevas och Ulla Rehdins bilderbokenskategorier. Analysen visar hur bilderböckerna använder sig av följande tema och motiv: natur och djur, vänskap, utanförskap och olikhet. Resultatet visar att bilderböckerna har skapats för ett didaktiskt syfte, där ansvaret placeras på den individuella snarare än på samhälleliga nivån. I min analys ser jag att en stor del av bilderna utgår från textens beskrivningar, och vissa detaljer och färgglada bilder har anpassats till yngre barn.

Thesis (MA (Afrikaans and Dutch))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Autobiography is a growing, but elusive literary genre. However, when texts are read as autobiographical – and thus as a form of self-representation – the theme of identity provides the reader with an interesting and useful method by which to approach it. In this study, two Afrikaans autobiographical texts are approached in a comparative manner, with the aim being to examine the writers’ representations of themselves. The texts studied are ’n Wonderlike geweld (2005) by Elsa Joubert, and ’n Ander tongval (2005) by Antjie Krog. Besides the autobiographical nature of these texts, the comparison is also based on: the writers’ status in the Afrikaans literary system, similarities beween them and their backgrounds, and the corresponding publication dates. The theoretical basis from where the concepts autobiography and identity are viewed is explained briefly. The emphasis falls on autobiography as a hybrid genre, that is defined mainly by how it is read. The use of identity as a reading strategy is suggested, with identity being understood as an unstable construction that changes constantly, depending on the context in which it is constructed. Consequently, the different identities according to which Joubert and Krog reveal themselves to the reader and the autobiographical forms through which they achieve this, are examined and discussed in separate chapters. Specific emphasis is placed on how they convey the spirit of the time and on the influence of the context in which the texts are published. Finally, the differences and similarities in the writers’ representation of themselves are summarised. In the end it emerges that the reading strategy focused on identity provides the reader with a useful approach to the study of texts in the autobiographical genre, since it is possible to successfully apply it to two texts with diverse autobiographical qualities. Furthermore, it becomes clear that the structure and style of these texts mirror the writer’s approach to identity to a great extent. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Outobiografie is ’n groeiende, maar onpeilbare literêre genre. Wanneer tekste as outobiografies – en dus as ’n vorm van self-representasie – benader word, bied die tema van identiteit egter ’n interessante en nuttige invalshoek. In hierdie studie word twee Afrikaanse outobiografiese tekste vergelykend benader, met die doel om die skrywers se voorstellings van hul identiteit daarin te ondersoek. Die twee tekste wat gebruik word, is ’n Wonderlike geweld (2005) van Elsa Joubert, en ’n Ander tongval (2005) van Antjie Krog. Benewens die outobiografiese aard van die tekste, sluit die basis vir vergelyking ook die skrywers se status binne die Afrikaanse literêre sisteem, ooreenkomste tussen hulle en hul agtergronde, en die ooreenstemmende publikasiedatums in. Die teoretiese basis vanwaar die begrippe outobiografie en identiteit beskou word, word kortliks uiteengesit. Die klem val op outobiografie as ’n hibridiese genre wat veral gedefinieer word op grond van hoe ’n mens dit lees. Die gebruik van identiteit word dan as ’n lees-strategie voorgestel, met identiteit wat verstaan word as ’n onstabiele konstruksie wat konstant verander op grond van die konteks waarbinne dit gekonstrueer word. Die verskillende identiteite waarvolgens Joubert en Krog hulself aan die leser openbaar en die outobiografiese vorme wat hulle hiervoor gebruik, word dan ondersoek en bespreek in twee afsonderlike hoofstukke. Spesifieke klem word gelê op die tydsgees wat vasgevang word en die invloed wat die konteks waarbinne die tekste gepubliseer word, het. Uiteindelik word die verskille en ooreenkomste in die skrywers se voorstellings van hulself saamgevat. Ten slotte blyk dit dat die lees-strategie wat fokus op identiteit ’n nuttige invalshoek bied vir die studie van tekste binne die outobiografiese genre, aangesien dit met vrug op twee tekste met uiteenlopende outobiografiese eienskappe toegepas kan word. Verder word dit ook duidelik dat die struktuur en styl van die tekste in ’n groot mate die skrywer daarvan se benadering tot identiteit weerspieël.

Syftet med studien är att genom en semiotiskt bildanalys och genusvetenskaplig ansats undersöka hur det kroppspositivistiska bikiniföretaget Elsa and Rose Swimwear framställer kvinnan i sin marknadsföring på Instagram. Då tidigare forskning kring kvinnlig framställning i reklam till stor del fokuserat på endast kroppsstorlek och attraktivitet har vi valt att inkludera analysverktyg som pose, gaze, samt etnicitet och hud. Detta för att bidra med ny kunskap om kvinnlig framställning inom reklam och sociala medier. Genom att studera sju bilder, som alla publicerades under 2018, på Elsa and Rose Swimwears Instagram-konto har vi undersökt hur kvinnan framställs, samt om och hur denna framställning av kvinnan skiljer sig från den normativa kvinnan som vanligtvis syns i media. Studiens resultat visar att ingen av de sju bilder som ingick i analysen demonstrerar “den perfekta kvinnan”, som vanligtvis syns i medier och reklamsammanhang. Ingen av kvinnorna i bilderna innehar alltså alla normativa attribut, som till exempel både en extremt smal kropp och perfekt hud. Bildernas huvudsakliga syfte är således inte att marknadsföra sina produkter med hjälp av normativa kvinnokroppar, utan att genom sin marknadsföring även sprida budskap om att alla kroppar är värda att synas i media, oavsett storlek, hudton och utseendemässiga attribut. Slutligen sänder kvinnorna huvudsakligen signaler av självsäkerhet och kontroll genom sina blickar och poseringar, vilket demonstrerar deras medvetenhet om åskådaren. Resultatet i den här studien visar således att det kroppspositivistiska bikiniföretaget Elsa and Rose Swimwears huvudsakliga framställning av kvinnan skiljer sig från den traditionella och normativa kvinnan som vanligtvis syns i media. / The purpose of the study is to, through semiotic analysis and gender theory, investigate in which way the body-positive bikini company Elsa and Rose Swimwear is representing women in their Instagram marketing. Since earlier research on female representation in advertising is largely focused on body size and attractiveness, we have in this study chosen to include analysis tools such as pose, gaze, as well as ethnicity and skin. This will contribute to new knowledge on female representation in commercials and on social media. By studying seven images, all posted in 2018, on Elsa and Rose Swimwear's Instagram account, we have investigated how women are represented as well as whether and how this representation differs from the normative female image usually seen in media. The result of the study shows that none of the seven images included in the analysis display "the perfect woman" that is usually seen in media and advertising. None of the women in the pictures possess all the normative attributes, such as both an extremely thin body and perfect skin. We find that the main purpose of the images is not to for the company to market their products with normative women's bodies, but rather market their products while spreading a message saying that all bodies are worth being seen in media, regardless of size, skin tone and appearance. Finally, the women in the pictures communicate self-confidence and control through their gazes and poses, and therefore demonstrating their consciousness of the observer. The result of the study shows that the body-positive bikini company Elsa and Rose Swimwear's main representation of women differs from the traditional and normative female image.

O presente trabalho trata da representação da identidade de gênero e de que forma pode-se lançar um novo olhar sobre a história da ditadura argentina a partir de personagens femininas, tendo por objeto de estudo o romance A veinte años, Luz, de Elsa Osório. Procura-se examinar de que modo as figuras femininas são representadas e se vão ao encontro de ou transgridem o discurso patriarcal instituído. Para tal, levantam-se, nesta pesquisa, questões como o papel desempenhado pelas mulheres na representação da história argentina, dando ênfase à atuação das Avós da Praça de Maio. Além disso, estabelece-se uma relação entre produção e crítica feministas na América Latina, de modo a esboçar vínculos que possibilitem o levantamento de índices de regionalidade. Para relacionar tais temas, foi realizada uma abordagem interdisciplinar, utilizando-se a Literatura e a Antropologia como principais bases teóricas. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-21T19:24:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Amanda D Parizote.pdf: 517281 bytes, checksum: 39f380a3628f951c7617d994352ffea8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-21T19:24:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Amanda D Parizote.pdf: 517281 bytes, checksum: 39f380a3628f951c7617d994352ffea8 (MD5) / This study deals with the gender identity representation and how a new version about the history of Argentina´s dictatorship can be derived from female characters. Its object of study is the novel A veinte años, Luz, by Elsa Osorio. Its aim is to identify how the female characters are represented and if they follow the patriarchal standard or go against it. For this purpose, this research broaches the role performed by women in the representation of Argentina´s history, emphasizing the action of Avós da Praça de Maio. Beside this, a relation between feminist production and criticism is established in order to outline bonds that enable the survey of indications of regionality. To relate such subjects, an interdisciplinary approach was made, placing Literature and Anthropology as part of the main theoretical supports.

O presente trabalho trata da representação da identidade de gênero e de que forma pode-se lançar um novo olhar sobre a história da ditadura argentina a partir de personagens femininas, tendo por objeto de estudo o romance A veinte años, Luz, de Elsa Osório. Procura-se examinar de que modo as figuras femininas são representadas e se vão ao encontro de ou transgridem o discurso patriarcal instituído. Para tal, levantam-se, nesta pesquisa, questões como o papel desempenhado pelas mulheres na representação da história argentina, dando ênfase à atuação das Avós da Praça de Maio. Além disso, estabelece-se uma relação entre produção e crítica feministas na América Latina, de modo a esboçar vínculos que possibilitem o levantamento de índices de regionalidade. Para relacionar tais temas, foi realizada uma abordagem interdisciplinar, utilizando-se a Literatura e a Antropologia como principais bases teóricas. / This study deals with the gender identity representation and how a new version about the history of Argentina´s dictatorship can be derived from female characters. Its object of study is the novel A veinte años, Luz, by Elsa Osorio. Its aim is to identify how the female characters are represented and if they follow the patriarchal standard or go against it. For this purpose, this research broaches the role performed by women in the representation of Argentina´s history, emphasizing the action of Avós da Praça de Maio. Beside this, a relation between feminist production and criticism is established in order to outline bonds that enable the survey of indications of regionality. To relate such subjects, an interdisciplinary approach was made, placing Literature and Anthropology as part of the main theoretical supports.

Abstract Introduction: This master’s thesis examines how narrative development is socialized in Swedish letters and postcards to Santa Claus. The letters are from the previously unanalyzed archive collection Letters to Santa, and the years between 1960s and 1970s have been analyzed. A part of the collection consists of work materials and letters written to Santa Claus by Swedish children and adults. The collection was coordinated by the organizationPosttomten which was led by Elsa Holst.Method: The study uses a narrative and socialization analysis. Which is combined with an observation of the areas where the organization was active during the 1960s and 1970s. Analysis: The thesis has studied six volumes with Swedish letters and work materials from the 1960s and 1970s from Postmuseums archive, newspaper articles from the same time period, Posthuset on Skansen and Östra Varvsgatan 4 in Djurgårdsstaden Stockholm where the organization was active. This subjects have also beenobserved and discussed in the analysis. The theories narrative and socialization are used to explain how the sender perceives Santa Claus, what general rules they use in their letters, how they write to get in contact with him, how he is used by the organization, individuals, and other groups.Results: Why someone are using or want to contact Santa Claus depends on what they want to achieve. Adults want to help or learn thier child the basic structures and general rules to write a letter or a postcard to Santa Claus. This is a way for adults to keep the lie of Santa Claus alive for thier children. Some adults even thank the people behind Posttomten for thier work, in the letters. The child on the other hand. They write their letters or postcards to get Christmas presents. Tell him that they have been kind. Admiting mistakes and remind Santa Claus about their existence so that he does not forget them. The letters and postcards are also a way to get an answer if Santa really exists. Different groups also use Santa Claus in the media to improve their own reputation. For example the organization behind Posttomten and the Swedish Post Office use Santa Claus to tell everybody about thier own organization. For instance, to tell about what company they are, give proof that Santa Claus exists and to give the organization a better reputation. Conclusion: The letters and postcards, news articles, work materials and the two observations. They expose a narrative and socialization, that gives Santa Claus many different sides. For example where does he live? What is his name? What does he look like? His personality? These are important elements in making Santa to a real person when Posttomten and Santa Claus are perceived as the same person. The natural way is namely to give Elsa Holst the title as the real Santa Claus. This because she fits in the social expectation and ideal to the narrative that Santa Claus has been given. With the help from parents, the Swedish post office, media and teachers itbecomes possible to make the conclusion that they made it possible for everybody to discover that Santa Claus was Elsa Holst. The effect of knowing that Elsa Holst was Santa Claus made it easier for the organization to get assistance and a positive opinion about Santa Claus, When she died it becomes clear that the organization was depended on Elsa Holst too much. Because no one else was ready to take over the role as Santa Claus or the leadership in the organization all the work was ended. The Swedish post office took the control over Santa Claus. The result lead to a negative backlash in the Swedish community because the narrative, the ideals and the tradition did not fit in the Swedish post office organization. That could had been the end but it did not stop the organization and Posttomten to continue their work in a new place in the beginning of the 1980s. This is a two years master's thesis in Archival science.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 206-213).

The purpose of this study lies in investigating the embodied learning of applied aesthetics in our sense of balance in the educational space and how it can contribute to change one of a present major public health related problem, the problem of sedentary behaviour in school and society. The investigation is not an effect study, but aims to question our sensorial cultural practice of applied aesthetics, by looking at how we use our ability to balance in the educational space.  Introducing and including elements from the field of art, the aesthetics field of knowledge and life science, the question of acknowledging embodied learning is explored mainly in the sensorial cultural praxis of our ability to balance. Embodied praxis is represented by the Alexander Technique and Elsa Gindler’s concept, with relation to modern neuromechanics. An educational view of knowledge that unilaterally enhances and rewards abstraction as well as theoretical thinking, by validating matrices and merit points, creates unbalance. Treating this unbalance solely with physical exercises enhances the conflict of how to use learning time in school and seems not to lead to a solution. By seeing the educational space as a space of embodied practice the investigation is built around participants’ sense of balance in embodied learning during a school day. The established sensorial cultural practice of how we are using our sense of balance in movement responses is observed during a school day and in a complementary inquiry explored and discussed with the children. Also the time of sitting is measured. The qualitative analysis or reading in this research of embodied learning is done by analysing directions or pointing in poise in momentum for finding inclusive or exclusive corresponsive sensorial tendencies in relation to sensorial cultural practice, including individual, social and regulative aspects. The minor quantitative part in this investigation is looking at the time spent sitting during the school day in the given conditions for defining the pupils’ sedimentary behaviour. The found embodied learning was not noticably acknowledged and not commented by the teacher.  The learning sessions were varying in space, form and in their content. In spite of the attempt of the teacher to create moveability, the children were sitting 54%  or more of the day in school. Inclusive dynamic responsiveness gave ability to balance and promoted embodied learning. Isolated or excluded responsiveness did not noticably engage the sense of balance and did not promote embodied learning. It resulted into pointing or directing downwards and leaning forward, backward or inwards into supportive furniture in accordance with gravitation. The study finds that inclusive responsiveness increases aligned balancing in poise in momentum. In its conclusion the study recognizes the value and effect of physical activity, but argues that moving to be healthy is not effectively changing sedentary behaviour. It argues instead for embodied health sufficient moving on a general sensorial level.  To be able to use our sense of balance as function of intelligence, we still need to increase acknowledgment of our evolutionary inherited skill further. / Studiens syfte ligger i att undersöka möjligheten, att med embodied learning, lärandet genom estetisk sensorisk kommunikation och förtrogen inlärning, finna möjligheter att påverka ett av de stora folkhälsoproblemen, stillasittande beteende i skolan och i samhället. Arbetet utgör ingen effektstudie, utan syftar till att ifrågasätta vår sensoriska kulturella praxis och estetik, genom att undersöka hur vi använder oss av vårt balanssinne i skolan.  En pedagogisk syn på kunskap som ensidigt främjar och belönar abstraktion liksom teoretisk konception, genom meritpoäng och bedömningsmatriser, skapar obalans. Att genom enbart fysisk aktivitet försöka lösa denna obalans, förstärker konflikten om hur tiden i skolan ska fördelas och verkar inte leda till en tillfredsställande lösning av problemet.  Studien har en tvärvetenskaplig karaktär, där utbildningsvetenskapliga aspekter, konstnärlig forskning och naturvetenskap först presenteras och sedan inkluderas i frågan om hur embodied learning i relation till vår färdighet att balansera är igenkänd i skolans sensoriska kulturella praxis och estetik. Embodied praxis och dess användning, representerad genom Alexandertekniken och Elsa Gindlers koncept, är sedan närmare diskuterad, samt dess relation till modern neuromekanik. Genom att se skolan som en plats för embodied praxis, estetisk sensorisk praktik och förtrogenhetspraktik, bygger undersökningen på deltagarnas användning av balanssinnet, sett i hållningen i ögonblicket under en skoldag. Etablerad sensorisk kulturell praxis om hur vi använder vår förmåga att vara i balans observeras från ett intersubjektivt perspektiv. Detta kompletteras med samtal och enstaka explorationer, som utgör endast en mindre del i undersökningen. Även tiden för stillasittande mäts.  Den framtagna empirin av embodied learning analyseras kvalitativt. Detta sker genom att analysera riktningar i hållningen i ögonblicket, för att hitta inkluderande eller exkluderande motsvarande sensoriska tendenser i relation till individuell, social och reglerande sensorisk kulturell praxis. Den mindre kvantitativa delen i denna undersökning består av att mäta tiden som eleverna sitter under skoldagen, för att kunna analysera elevernas sedimentära beteende.   Resultaten visar att embodied learning inte var märkbart igenkänd och inte kommenterad av läraren. Undervisningspassen var varierande i rum, form och innehåll. Trots lärarens ihållande försök att skapa rörlighet, satt barnen minst 54 % av skoldagen. Inkluderande dynamisk sensorisk korrespondens resulterade i en väl fungerande funktionell användning av balanssinnet och främjade embodied learning. Isolerande eller uteslutande respons främjade inte den funktionella användningen av balanssinnet eller embodied learning märkbart. Resultatet visar också att elevernas hållningar största delen av tiden, visade riktningar som pekade nedåt, de lutade sig framåt, bakåt eller inåt och sjönk ner i möblerna i enlighet med tyngdlagen. Visade de en inkluderande korrespondens, ökade balanssinnets fungerande i hållningen i ögonblicket. Studien tillstår i sin slutsats att fysisk aktivitet är nödvändig och har effekt, men argumenterar, att röra sig för att vara frisk är inget effektivt sätt för att förändra stillasittande beteende. Resonemanget i studien leder i stället till att vi behöver röra oss generellt på ett införlivat hälsofrämjande sätt. För att kunna använda oss av vårt balanssinne på ett intelligent sätt, behöver vi fortfarande fördjupa förståelsen av vår evolutionärt nedärvda färdighet ytterligare. / <p>This interdisciplinary study in educational science includes elements from the field of art and aesthetics as well as life science.  The investigation is not an effect study. It is about our sensorial cultural use of balance, from the perspective of an embodied practitioner.</p>

Innehåll/Content: Elsa Beskow was an artist and a writer who for 50 years, from the turn of the 19th century, produced a wide variety of books for children. The books have been read for several generations and are translated into multiple languages, and they are still released and appreciated. This essay is based on literature studies and several different art scientific image analysis on selected paintings from Elsa Beskow picture books. The aim is to investigate how the children and their environments are portrayed in her picture books. The theoretical approach assumes that it is possible to preform image analysis on picture book paintings. In the analysis, Beskow’s contemporary theoretical ideas about children, education and also later feminist theory have been taken into account. The methodical approach is based on different image analysis as formal and style analysis according to Wölfflin, iconographic and iconological analysis according to Panofsky, semiotic analys according to Barthes and feminist image analysis or analysis from a gender perspective. The paintings that are analysed are from Children from the Forest, The Flowers’ Festival, The Children of Hat Cottage, Emily and Daisy and Petter and Lotta’s Christmas. The results of my analysis focused on how the children's environments are portrayed. For the showing, the environments are divided into multiple categories: the physical environment (country and city, exteriors and interiors), the family situation (different family constellations), children's education and schooling including ethics and morals, norms and values, the food situation and realism were set against fantasy. The comparison of the analytical methods provided that the formal and style analysis are appropriate to use on picture book paintings, as well as the description and interpretation of the iconographic analysis. The results demonstrated that iconological and semiotic analysis, respectively, were possible but not optimal. Analysis from a gender perspective was suitable. Lastly, the literature studies gave insight into how much of Elsa Beskow's life is reflected in her books.