Background: Over the last 30 years, Sweden's agricultural industry has changed significantly, with land prices rising and the number of agricultural firms steadily declining as they are replaced by larger farms. In the near future, there will be a considerable increase in the number of ownership transfers initiated in Sweden, this since in 2020 one-third of agricultural entrepreneurs with sole proprietorships were 65 or older. Purpose: The purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to identify factors influencing family farm succession intentions, as well as (2) to address the theoretical deficit within family farm research by establishing the two implicit economic and emotional paradigms with a theoretical foundation, and ultimately contribute towards determining which theoretical approach is best for explaining succession in family farms. Method: The researchers used a positivist research philosophy in conjunction with a deductive research approach. The quantitative technique was utilized to collect data, with the researchers employing a questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to Swedish farmers. Pearson correlation and binary logistic regression tests were used to further analyze the data. Conclusion: The findings show that family farm exposure is significant for intra-family succession in Swedish family farms; a factor derived from intergenerational solidarity theory. This implies that a theory from another domain is applicable to family farm research, and that the emotional perspective has a greater influence on farmer succession intentions than the economic perspective.

This thesis is a study of the family farm, the authority of government as it relates to agriculture, the background of agriculture price support programs, agriculture price supports, the effects of agriculture price support, subsidy payments by the United States government, and the present trends.

Comme dans presque tous les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne, la majorité de la population sénégalaise est rurale. Elle vit de l'agriculture ou d'activités qui en dépendent. Paradoxalement les investissements publics dans le secteur agricole restent très faibles, alors que l'insécurité alimentaire progresse. Pour faire face aux problèmes alimentaires, les pouvoirs publics multiplient les annonces de politiques agricoles, qui ne sont presque jamais suivies d'effets, parce que ne reposant pas sur des études précises et rigoureuses. A la place de politiques, il y a surtout des stratégies de gestion conjoncturelle des crises alimentaires. Dans ce contexte, nous avons cherché à comprendre les stratégies développées par la petite paysannerie, les dynamiques qui animent les exploitations agricoles familiales pour faire reculer l'insécurité alimentaire en milieu rural, et dans quelle mesure celles-ci peuvent contribuer à la souveraineté alimentaire du Sénégal. Cette question appelle celle de l'accès à une nourriture suffisante et celle de sa production. Ainsi, à travers notre étude que nous avons intitulée « Dynamiques paysannes, souveraineté alimentaire et marché mondial des produits agricoles : l'exemple du Sénégal », nous cherchons à répondre à une série de questions : 1. Comment les paysans sénégalais produisent-ils les biens nécessaires à l'alimentation et l'entretien de leur famille ? 2. Comment les paysans sénégalais sont-ils organisés autour des questions de la vie rurale ? 3. Quelle est l'influence du marché mondial de produits agricoles et de ses règles établies par l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC), sur la disponibilité et l'accès aux produits alimentaires ? De quelle façon les biens alimentaires importés concurrencent-ils la culture de biens agricoles qu'il est possible de produire localement ? Nous avons ainsi consacré une première partie de notre étude au procès de production et à son évolution. En dehors des conditions climatiques, le contrôle effectif par les paysans, des moyens de production et de la tenure foncière, détermine en grande partie, les volumes de biens agricoles et alimentaires produits, ainsi que leur accès. Dans une seconde partie, nous avons analysé l'émergence et l'évolution des modes d'organisation paysanne et examiné leur influence sur la satisfaction des besoins alimentaires et les orientations des politiques publiques en matière agricole. Enfin, dans une troisième partie, nous avons essayé de mesurer l'impact des règles du commerce international sur les productions locales de biens agricoles et alimentaires. Ce travail nous a permis de tirer un certain nombre de conclusions. La majorité des paysans du Sénégal ne parvient plus à produire le volume d'aliments de base nécessaires pour nourrir et entretenir leur famille. Les moyens de production ont relativement peu évolué au cours des dernières décennies, même si la culture attelée et l'introduction de nouveaux matériels ont considérablement amélioré les conditions de production et diminué la pénibilité du travail. L'outil de production s'est dégradé. Il est vétuste et ce qu'il en reste ne survit que grâce à l'habileté des forgerons ruraux. Les connaissances traditionnelles comme les repères météorologiques conditionnent le choix des denrées cultivées et des superficies qui leur sont consacrées lorsque celles-ci sont disponibles. La recherche agronomique a permis d'obtenir des variétés homologuées de semences adaptées aux conditions pédologiques et climatiques. Mais elle demeure inefficace en ce sens que les moyens pour appliquer concrètement ses résultats sont absents et les paysans n'ont aucune maîtrise sur elle. La question foncière reste soumise à des tâtonnements qui sont le fait de sa complexité ; les croyances et les pratiques traditionnelles en la matière ne semblent pas encore prêtes à laisser la place à des règles modernes, ou le cas échéant, à s'y adapter. Les conditions de plus en plus sévères, qui sont ressenties avant tout dans le domaine alimentaire, ont mis en évidence les capacités de la paysannerie à s'adapter. Pour chaque situation nouvelle entrainant des difficultés supplémentaires, des solutions originales sont imaginées et mises en oeuvre par les paysans, leur permettant une adaptation insoupçonnée. La capacité des paysans à prendre en main leurs propres préoccupations a été mise en évidence par l'émergence d'organisations, de groupements, d'associations et d'unions dans tout l'espace rural du Sénégal. Sur le plan du commerce international des produits agricoles, la faiblesse du Tarif extérieur commun (TEC) de la CEDEAO a eu pour conséquence l'augmentation des volumes d'importations de biens qui peuvent être produits localement. Les règles de l'OMC, basées sur une conception ultralibérale du marché portent davantage préjudice aux produits agricoles et alimentaires de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Les pays les plus vulnérables comme le Sénégal, en renforçant leurs ressources humaines en matière juridique, peuvent cependant exploiter les clauses qui leur permettent de mieux protéger les productions locales. Sur un plan plus global, et à défaut de sortir l'agriculture des accords de l'OMC, il est possible de réclamer avec la CEDEAO, la mise en place d'un autre Accord sur l'agriculture qui redéfinirait le dumping de manière à protéger les pays les plus vulnérables. / As in almost all SSA countries, the majority of the Senegalese population is rural. They earn their livelihoods from agriculture or activities that depend on it. Paradoxically, the public investment in agriculture remains very low, while food insecurity is progressing. To deal with food problems, the government multiplies announcements of agricultural policies, which are almost never followed up, because not based on specific and rigorous studies. Instead of policies, there are mostly management strategies cyclical food crises. In this context, we have sought to understand the strategies developed by the peasantry, the dynamics that drive family farms to reduce food insecurity in rural areas, and to what extent they can contribute to food sovereignty Senegal. This question calls for that of access to adequate food and that of its production. Thus, through our study we have entitled "Farming dynamics, food sovereignty and global market for agricultural products: the example of Senegal”, we try to answer a series of questions: 1. How do Senegalese farmers produce the goods needed to feed and care for their family? 2. How are Senegalese farmers organized around issues of rural life? 3. What is the influence of the world market of agricultural products and its rules established by the World Trade Organization (WTO) on the availability of and access to food? How do imported goods compete with food products that can be produced locally? We have devoted the first part of our study to the production process and its evolution. Apart from weather conditions, effective control by farmers of means of production and land tenure, largely determines the volumes of agricultural and food products as well as their access. The second part analyzes the emergence and evolution of modes of peasant organization and discusses their influence on the satisfaction of food needs and directions of public policy in agriculture. Finally, in the third part, we have tried to measure the impact of international trade rules on local production of agricultural goods and foodstuffs. This work has enabled us to draw some conclusions. The majority of farmers in Senegal can no longer produce the amount of basic foods needed to feed and support their families. The means of production have changed relatively little in recent decades, although animal traction and the introduction of new materials have greatly improved the conditions of production and reduced drudgery. The production tool has deteriorated. It is old and what is left survives only thanks to the ability of rural blacksmiths. Traditional knowledge and knowledge of weather condition the choice of crops grown and acreage devoted to them when they are available. Research in agriculture has yielded certified seed varieties adapted to soil and climatic conditions. But it remains ineffective in that the means for concretely applying its results are absent and the peasants have no control over it. The question of land remains subject to trial and error due to its complexity, traditional beliefs and practices in this area do not yet seem ready to give way to modern rules, or if necessary, adapt to them. More and more severe conditions felt primarily in the food sector have highlighted the capacity of the peasantry to adapt. For each new situation causing additional problems, novel solutions are devised and implemented by farmers, enabling them to adapt in an unexpected manner. Farmers' ability to take charge of their own concerns were highlighted by the emergence of organizations, groups, associations and unions throughout the rural areas of Senegal. As far as international trade in agricultural products is concerned, the weakness of the Common External Tariff (CET) of ECOWAS has resulted in increased volumes of imports of goods that can be produced locally. WTO rules, based on an ultra-liberal conception of the market, are more detrimental to West African agricultural and food products. By strengthening their human resources through legislation, more vulnerable countries such as Senegal, can, however, exploit the clauses that allow them to better protect local production. More globally, unless agriculture is removed from WTO agreements, it is possible to claim with ECOWAS, the implementation of another agreement on agriculture that would redefine dumping so as to protect the most vulnerable countries.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-02-16T10:54:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis Florentino Silva_.pdf: 6470007 bytes, checksum: e4b34f68a39c0a6f84721b547d42a3a8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-16T10:54:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis Florentino Silva_.pdf: 6470007 bytes, checksum: e4b34f68a39c0a6f84721b547d42a3a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-10 / FAPEMAT - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Mato Grosso / O presente trabalho é o resultado de uma análise de um Estudo de Caso, a partir de um embasamento teórico, em que foram analisadas várias obras referentes ao assunto tratado, e após visitas de reconhecimento in loco na área de estudo, e posteriores conversas informais com diferentes pessoas, definiu-se a modalidade de coleta de dados, em que se optou por entrevistas abertas e semiestruturadas. Essas entrevistas bem como um questionário alternativo com múltiplas escolhas, foram aplicadas a um universo de 10% do total de famílias assentadas. Com essas informações em mãos, e devidamente sintetizadas, foi elaborada a dissertação, tendo o assentamento Margarida Alves em Mirassol D’Oeste como objeto de estudo. Esse assentamento é resultante das mobilizações do MST, e a pesquisa em pauta buscou dar ênfase à importância da agricultura familiar como um instrumento na geração de emprego e renda, bem como a necessidade de essas famílias terem acesso aos requisitos mínimos para produzir e permanecer na terra. E como uma probabilidade para isso, buscou-se verificar qual a viabilidade de contribuição do trabalho a partir de associações e de uma cooperativa. Sendo assim, a pesquisa procurou fazer um levantamento de dados que pudessem analisar o grau de percepção que essas famílias têm desses empreendimentos, bem como a sua importância na produção da agropecuária. Com base na análise dos dados coletados, por meio de entrevistas e do questionário fechado, foi possível fazer um cruzamento das informações obtidas das diferentes pessoas. Assim, foi possível verificar o grau de organização e interação que há no assentamento em relação à viabilidade de se desenvolver a sua produção a partir de associações ou cooperativas, bem como o conhecimento que os assentados têm para organizar tais empreendimentos. / This work is the result of an analysis of a case study from a theoretical basis, which were analyzed in several works related to the subject matter, and after recognition in loco visits in the study area, and subsequent informal conversations with different people, we defined the mode of data collection, which opted to open and semistructured interviews. These interviews as well as an alternative questionnaire with multiple choices were applied to a universe of 10% of families settled. With this information in hand, and appropriately synthesized, was elaborated dissertation, and the settlement Margarida Alves D'Oeste in Mirassol as an object of study. This settlement is the result of the mobilization of the MST, and the research in question sought to emphasize the importance of family farming as an instrument in generating employment and income, as well as the need for these families to have access to the minimum requirements to produce and stay on the ground. And as a chance to do so, we sought to determine how practical contribution from the work of 8 associations and cooperatives. Thus, the study sought to survey data that can analyze the degree of perception that these families have these ventures, as well as its importance in the production of agriculture. Based on analysis of data collected through interviews and questionnaire closed, it was possible to make a crossing of information from different people. Thus it was possible to verify the degree of organization and interaction that is in the settlement regarding the feasibility of developing its production from associations or cooperatives, as well as the knowledge that the settlers have to organize such enterprises.

This doctoral thesis explores the agrarian development in 20th Estonia and the role of family farming during three major agricultural transformations. It consists of four papers and an introductory chapter for which the common departure are the situation appearing in the Estonian farming landscape after the regained independence in 1991. The first three studies analyse comparative aspects on Estonia's interwar experiences with focus on land reform, agricultural co-operation, and agricultural export development. The fourth study focuses on the role of private plots during the Soviet period and the conversion of these into subsistence holdings after 1991. By merging the perspectives in these papers, the introductory chapter explores the impacts and legacies of previous transformations on the post-Soviet agricultural transformation up to 2004. The thesis specifically analyses the long-term effects of perceptions of markets and the role of agricultural production, changes in the agrarian property relations, organisation of agricultural production and co-operation. In analytical terms, this is discussed from the perspectives of continuity and discontinuity. Besides the several societal changes affecting the agrarian property relations in 20th century Estonia, the radical and decisive shifts have also affected markets, trade and economic integration. Since the end of the First World War, Estonia has been quickly thrown between different economic-political systems and legal environments. From the perspective of the small state’s dependence on trade and reliance on a few markets, the upheavals in the early 1920s, after World War II, and not least the fall of the Soviet Union, Estonia’s long-term economic development has been significantly affected. In this context the role of agriculture has changed. Most important, however, this dissertation shows how the idea of small-scale family farming survived throughout the planned economic period and became an indispensable production unit, even though it turned out to be a myth as soon as the Soviet system was dissolved and the exposure to international competition began after 1991.

Media and consumer attention has propelled local food to prominence, and a significant price premium has signaled its potential as a value-added option for family farms looking to transition from commodity production. Many of these farms –entering an unfamiliar market– have been selling local food in groups, to share risks and investments. This strategy has introduced a scale of production and operations to the marketplace that could challenge some of the basic premises of the local food contract. This research project was premised on the notion that the local food movement –dominated by small-scale production and direct marketing– appears to be governed by a set of principles that would be tested by the introduction of farms and farm groups of increasing scale. To understand the implications –for these farm families, local food marketing groups, and growing local food systems– this research sought to address whether these groups would adopt a more conventional approach to meet their needs, and fit their scale, or change their approach and practices to conform to the requirements and expectations established by the principles of governance that characterize local food systems. ‘Local beef’ chains from across Ontario were selected to capture a range of operational and geographic scale. Interviews with farmers and coordinators investigated the extent to which scale –at farm and group level– affected motivations, as well as group governance decisions. The research found that increased group scale limits the range of options available, and magnifies pressures towards conventionalization. Transition to larger scale favours governance based on surveillance and discipline, and suffers from lack of infrastructure that would facilitate mid-scale aggregation, distribution, and the development of bridging capital. Farmers who had direct input into decisions invested more time and effort, but also identified more strongly with their group. Farmers who marketed through larger-scale intermediary-led groups faced fewer costs, but were treated as commodity input suppliers, and were less engaged in the group’s success. Most farmers did not see these intermediary-led groups as a long-term solution, and looked instead to policy solutions, or other alternative marketing models – including smaller-scale regional intermediaries.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 250-257). / vi, 257 leaves, bound 29 cm

Conselho Nacional do Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar a produção, os mercados e as formas organizativas em torno do leite orgânico, para descobrir e analisar como são construídas as novidades pelos agricultores familiares e outros atores sociais, verificando as condições históricas nas quais se desenvolveu o sistema orgânico de produção na Região Extremo Oeste de Santa Catarina no contexto da agricultura familiar e identificando também as transições sociotécnicas geradas nesse sistema. Foram identificados e analisados os mercados acessados pelas famílias, com a contribuição de outros atores sociais regionais, na construção de canais de comercialização por cadeias curtas. De maneira a verificar o contexto do sistema agroalimentar, também foram analisadas as relações de organização social construídas pela rede multi-institucional do leite orgânico, identificando suas principais ações e incentivos. Para atingir esses objetivos foram utilizados dois enfoques teóricos: a Perspectiva Orientada aos Atores (POA), de Norman Long, e a Perspectiva Multinível e Coevolucionária (PMN), pelas quais os atores agem de forma multidimensional pela sua capacidade de agência, gerando novidades de diferentes tipos e resultados. A metodologia foi qualitativa, com coleta de dados primários e secundários através da aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas a nove famílias de agricultores orgânicos e em transição e, oito técnicos que tinham ligação com o leite orgânico. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Região Extremo Oeste Catarinense, especificamente em nove municípios. Os principais resultados que a pesquisa aponta é que os agricultores que produzem leite orgânico e outros alimentos desenvolvem novidades em técnicas, em processos e em sustentabilidade. Por meio dos seus conhecimentos fazem modificações e criam novos produtos, formas de manejar o agroecossistema e incrementam suas atividades e práticas. Também geram novidades ao acessar novos canais de comercialização curtos, aproximando-se dos consumidores e outros atores sociais. Essas ações inovativas mobilizaram também diversas instituições regionais para o desenvolvimento do leite orgânico. Contudo, tais novidades ainda se encontram no nível do nicho sociotécnico, apenas modificando em pequenos graus o regime sociotécnico agroalimentar vigente, necessitando mais atenção e mobilização de atores regionais para sua consolidação, principalmente nas questões de mercados para viabilizar e ampliar a comercialização do leite orgânico e seus derivados, processados com a qualidade orgânica, assim como para que mais famílias possam aderir ao processo de produção orgânica de leite. / The general objective of this study was to analyze the production, markets and organizational forms around organic milk, to discover and analyze how the novelties are built by family farmers and other social actors. Verifying the historical conditions that developed the organic production system in the Extreme West Region of Santa Catarina in the context of family agriculture, also identifying the socio-technical transitions generated in this system. Markets accessed by households, with the contribution of other regional social actors, were identified and analyzed in the construction of marketing channels by short chains. In order to verify the context of the agri-food system, the social organization relationships built by the multi-institutional network of organic milk were also analyzed, identifying their main actions and incentives. To achieve these objectives, two theoretical approaches were used: Norman Long's POA and the Multi-Level and Coevolutionary Perspective (PMN), in which actors act in a multidimensional manner through their agency capacity, generating novelties of different types and results. The methodology was qualitative, with primary and secondary data collection through the application of semistructured interviews in nine families of organic and transitional farmers, and eight technicians who had connections with organic milk. The research was developed in the Far West Region of Santa Catarina, specifically in nine municipalities. The main results that the research indicates is that farmers who produce organic milk and other foods develop novelties in techniques, processes and sustainability. Through their knowledge they make modifications and create new products, ways to manage the agroecosystem and increase their activities and practices. They also generate new features when accessing new short marketing channels, approaching consumers and other social actors. These innovative actions also mobilized several regional institutions for the development of organic milk. However, this novelty is still at the level of the socio-technical niche, only modifying in small degrees the socio-technical agri-food regime in force, requiring more attention and mobilization of regional actors for its consolidation, mainly in the market issues to enable and expand the commercialization of milk organic and its derivatives, processed with the organic quality, as well as so that more families can adhere to the process of organic production of milk.

Esta dissertação aborda o tema ‘cadeias agroalimentares curtas’. As dificuldades econômicas vividas pelos agricultores familiares nas últimas décadas os têm feito reagir por meio de iniciativas que comportam produção, processamento e comercialização de alimentos diferenciados a partir de agroindústrias artesanais familiares. O estudo analisa o processo de construção social das iniciativas de produção, industrialização e comercialização de produtos alimentares da agricultura familiar no município de Nova Veneza, sul de Santa Catarina, buscando identificar fatores históricos e conjunturais que contribuíram para seu desenvolvimento. A partir das cadeias do queijo, da farinha de milho e do vinho foi analisado o papel das organizações e, em especial, de que forma instituições como a Epagri e a Prefeitura Municipal têm interagido com esse processo no município. Também foi analisada a relação das cadeias alimentares curtas com os mercados e como formas de organização coletiva têm reconectado consumidores e produtores. Finalizou-se o trabalho analisando a motivação dos consumidores ao optarem por produtos da agricultura familiar e as implicações dos mercados de produtos com qualidade diferenciada para o desenvolvimento local. Para compreender o objeto de estudo, buscou-se uma combinação entre as noções teóricas da construção social de mercados e a perspectiva orientada aos atores. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados no estudo de caso foram levantamento de dados por meio de pesquisa semiestruturada, observação e análise de dados secundários. As conclusões do trabalho apontam que cadeias agroalimentares curtas se caracterizam por novas formas de desenvolvimento rural, porém, apesar de seu viço, apresentam fragilidades e dependem da ação dos atores, especialmente do poder público, comprometendo-se com a regulação de mercados e processos de mediação qualificados. A expansão e a consolidação das cadeias agroalimentares curtas depende da construção da governança. / This thesis addresses the issue of short food supply chains to rural development. The economic difficulties experienced by farmers in recent decades have reacted through initiatives that include production, processing and marketing of different foods from small family agribusinesses. The study analyzes the social construction of production initiatives, industrialization and marketing of food from family farms in the municipality of Nova Veneza, south of Santa Catarina, Brazil, seeking to identify historical and situational factors that contributed to its development. From the chains of cheese, corn flour and wine, I analyzed the role of organizations and in particular, how institutions like Epagri and municipal government have interacted with this process in the municipality. I also analyzed the relationship between short food supply chains with markets and how various forms of collective organization have reconnected producers and consumers. The study concludes by analyzing the motivation of consumers to choose products from family farms and the implications of product markets with differentiated quality for local development. To understand the object of study proposed a combination of the theoretical notions of social construction of markets and the actor-oriented approach. The methodological procedures used in the case study were secondary data analysis, data collection through semi-structured research and observation. The conclusions of the study indicate that short food supply chains are characterized by new forms of rural development. However, in despite of its vigor, it presents weaknesses and depends on the action of the actors, especially the government itself to the regulation of markets and skilled mediation processes. The expansion and consolidation of short food supply chains depends on the understanding and construction of the notion governance.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T18:57:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3257.pdf: 1056734 bytes, checksum: 3a825d28a73b7faea298cdb020335914 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-25 / The economic sustainability of family farms is a major factor in promoting sustainable development in areas of rural settlements. Thus, this study sought to identify systemic approach through what are the strategies of the families who work together for the perpetuation of the familiar form of land use in order to encourage them through public policies. As economic indicators we used the value-added and value added per worker, considering the relevant aspects of establishments such as family characteristics, socioeconomic, cultural and quality of life, work organization and production, productive infrastructure, level dependence, reproductive strategies and future expectations, and the commercialization of products. Among the strategies studied the agricultural income of family farms that sell to the agricultural industry has the best performance, however the dependency and risk are high, which can lead to economic sustainability. Already in establishments that do not trade with agro farm income is lower, but is more likely to persist over time. Among these establishments, farm products that drains directly is more advantageous from the perspective of agricultural income and consumption. This reaffirms the idea that the creation of sites for the direct marketing cooperation for sustainable development in the field with decent living conditions. / A sustentabilidade econômica dos estabelecimentos agrícolas familiares é um dos fatores de promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável em áreas de assentamentos rurais. Desta forma, este estudo buscou identificar por meio de abordagem sistêmica quais são as estratégias das famílias que cooperam para a perpetuação da forma familiar de ocupação do solo a fim de estimulá-las via políticas públicas. Como indicadores econômico utilizou-se o valor agregado e o valor agregado por trabalhador, considerando aspectos relevantes dos estabelecimentos tais como características familiares socioeconômicas, cultural e de qualidade de vida, organização do trabalho e da produção, infraestrutura produtiva, grau dependência externa, estratégias de reprodução e expectativas futuras, além das formas de comercialização dos produtos. Dentre as estratégias estudadas a renda agrícola dos estabelecimentos familiares que comercializam com a agroindústria tem o melhor desempenho, todavia a dependência e o risco são altos, o que pode acarretar em insustentabilidade econômica. Já nos estabelecimentos que não comercializam com a agroindústria a renda agrícola é menor, porém tem mais chances de perdurar no tempo. Dentre estes estabelecimentos, a exploração agrícola que escoa os produtos de forma direta é a mais vantajosa pela ótica da renda agrícola e autoconsumo. Isto reafirma a idéia que a criação de locais para a comercialização direta coopera para o desenvolvimento sustentável no campo com condições dignas de vida.