Submitted by Rafael Dallacqua (dallacquas@hotmail.com) on 2016-12-26T11:16:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Rafael Dallacqua_Final.pdf: 531478 bytes, checksum: 3c94fb1b18f7cc58da4f26618bbabb8d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2016-12-27T14:05:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Rafael Dallacqua_Final.pdf: 531478 bytes, checksum: 3c94fb1b18f7cc58da4f26618bbabb8d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-28T11:01:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Rafael Dallacqua_Final.pdf: 531478 bytes, checksum: 3c94fb1b18f7cc58da4f26618bbabb8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-14 / The Brazilian corporate governance model is characterized by a high concentration of ownership structure and control in the majority of the publicly traded companies, which makes the conflict between minorities and controlling shareholders the main agency problem in Brazilian companies. Several national and international papers have studied the theme and the impact of concentration of ownership on financial performance, market value and risk of the companies, using different econometric approaches having reached divergent results, despite the lack of consensus regarding the influence of concentration of ownership on the value and performance of companies. This paper aims to analyze the relation between concentration of ownership and financial performance and the market value of Brazilian companies, using a sample with balanced panel data composed by 83 non-financial publicly traded Brazilian companies in the period from 2009 to 2014. The results show that there is a statistically significant relationship between concentration of ownership and the market value of firms, given by Tobin's q and the firm value of the company. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between concentration of ownership and financial performance. / O modelo de governança corporativa brasileiro é caracterizado por uma elevada concentração de propriedade e controle na maioria das empresas de capital aberto, o que torna o conflito entre acionistas minoritários e controladores o principal problema de agência nas empresas brasileiras. Diversos trabalhos nacionais e internacionais estudaram o tema e o impacto que a concentração de propriedade tem sobre o desempenho financeiro, valor de mercado e risco das empresas, com diferentes abordagens econométricas e chegaram a resultados divergentes, de forma que não há ainda um consenso sobre a influência da concentração de propriedade sobre o valor e desempenho das empresas. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a relação entre concentração de propriedade e o desempenho financeiro e valor de mercado das empresas brasileiras, utilizando uma amostra com dados em painel balanceado composta por 83 empresas brasileiras não financeiras de capital aberto no período de 2009 a 2014. Os resultados mostram que existe uma relação estatisticamente significante entre concentração de propriedade e o valor de mercado das empresas, dado pelo q de Tobin e o valor da empresa. Porém, não foi encontrada relação estatisticamente significante entre concentração de propriedade e desempenho financeiro.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:59:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 Silvia Quiota.pdf.jpg: 2943 bytes, checksum: 28a72e51f30880bcd8d1ec31c71d310a (MD5) Silvia Quiota.pdf.txt: 120164 bytes, checksum: f0ec9430e0776dc234a4b86afc1e06b6 (MD5) license.txt: 4712 bytes, checksum: 4dea6f7333914d9740702a2deb2db217 (MD5) Silvia Quiota.pdf: 1009838 bytes, checksum: 308c67ea7385f8cfbc0b5e7d3f7168b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-23T00:00:00Z / The main purpose of this dissertation is to expand the debate over the topic of Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility (CSR), in both theoretical and empirical perspectives. From the theoretical perspective, this study aimed to do a review of previous researches, for those in favor or against of the involvements of firms to address the social and environmental issues. This study analyzed the theme of CSR under the perspective of the corporate management evolution model, which started from a philanthropic model to what we see today as an important strategic decision tool. The climate change, caused by the global warming has been driven the evolution of the CSR model. From the empirical perspective, the main goal was to investigate the correlation between firm’s financial performance and social/environmental performance for Brazilian companies from 2001 to 2007, using available information provided by the Braziian Institute of Social and Economic Analysis (IBASE). Two types of panel data econometric models were used. The fixed effects model was used to investigate the existence of correlations between the financial indicators and the social/environmental indicators. Additionally, a panel data IV model was used to investigate causality and try to answer the question whether the social/environmental performance has a positive or negative impact on the firm’s financial performance. Results show a positive relationship between corporate social/environmental performance and financial performance. The internal social investment is the most relevant social/environmental variable in this result, since it is positively correlated with the financial performance indicator represented by the variable return on assets (ROA). The causality analysis showed also that the internal social investment has a positive effect on the corporate financial performance. / A proposta deste trabalho é ampliar o estudo sobre o tema da Responsabilidade Socioambiental Empresarial tanto no panorama teórico como também no empírico. No contexto teórico, este estudo procurou fazer uma revisão das argumentações tanto contrárias como a favor de um comportamento social e ambientalmente mais responsável por parte das empresas. Foi realizada uma análise da evolução do modelo de gestão das empresas, que cada vez mais passa a incorporar as questões sociais e ambientais na agenda das decisões estratégicas. Esta evolução tem sido motivada principalmente pelos problemas ambientais causados pelo aquecimento global. Os resultados obtidos por este estudo indicaram que há correlação positiva entre o desempenho socioambiental e o desempenho financeiro das empresas. A variável socioambiental mais relevante neste resultado é o investimento social interno, que se mostrou fortemente correlacionada com o indicador financeiro contábil ROA (Return on Assets). Quanto à análise de causalidade, os resultados também indicaram que o investimento social interno tem efeito positivo sobre a variável ROA.

Submitted by Lucas Schneider (lucas.z.schneider@gmail.com) on 2018-03-26T19:48:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao v260318 rev Brito - Lucas Zucco Schneider.pdf: 947797 bytes, checksum: e86a9c37b0d4a210d93450bd1193b558 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Mayara Costa de Sousa (mayara.sousa@fgv.br) on 2018-03-28T18:10:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao v260318 rev Brito - Lucas Zucco Schneider.pdf: 947797 bytes, checksum: e86a9c37b0d4a210d93450bd1193b558 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Isabele Garcia (isabele.garcia@fgv.br) on 2018-03-28T18:47:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao v260318 rev Brito - Lucas Zucco Schneider.pdf: 947797 bytes, checksum: e86a9c37b0d4a210d93450bd1193b558 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-28T18:47:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao v260318 rev Brito - Lucas Zucco Schneider.pdf: 947797 bytes, checksum: e86a9c37b0d4a210d93450bd1193b558 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / A inovação tem sido amplamente reconhecida como um dos principais fatores que criam vantagem competitiva para as empresas. Contudo, embora as empresas continuem a estimular a adoção de práticas inovadoras em sua gestão, evidencias empíricas entre investimentos em inovação e consequentes resultados financeiros superiores ainda permanecem inconclusivos. O presente estudo visa, a partir de uso de abordagem multinível, avaliar a relação entre investimentos em inovação e o aumento de relevância de novos produtos no faturamento das empresas, e, seu consequente impacto no desempenho financeiro. Os resultados obtidos indicam que investimentos em inovação levam as empresas a terem maior participação de novos produtos em sua receita total. Entretanto, não foi encontrado relação significante entre a maior participação de produtos inovadores com crescimento e lucratividade dessas empresas. Limitações e implicações dessa pesquisa também são discutidos nesse trabalho. / Innovation has been recognized as one of the main factors behind competitive advantage over firms. Nonetheless, although innovation practices have been stimulated among several companies, the link between investments in innovation and financial performance of the firms is still a complex subject where the results remain inconclusive. This study evaluates this relationship by using a multilevel model between innovation, innovation performance and financial performance. Results obtained indicate that investments in innovation leads to a positive and significance increase of innovation performance of the firms, which could be measure by the increased participation on new products’ revenue over total revenue. However, the study could not assert the impact of innovation performance on the financial performance of the firms, measured in this work by growth and profitability. Limitations and implications of these findings are also discussed in this work.

Corporate governance has been a hot bed for scholars from diverse disciplines. Managers whose interests are not congruent with that of shareholders‟ do not have the incentive to maximize shareholder value. Agency theory implicitly assumes corporations as arenas of the principal-agent conflict. On the other hand, organizational perspectives maintain that firms differ in their adopted corporate governance level depending on the environmental contingencies in which they operate. This study develops a contingency framework by synthesizing agency theory and organization theory. The aims of this study are to examine the effect of firm level contingencies on corporate governance and examine the moderating impact of firm level contingencies on the relationship between corporate governance and firm financial performance in the Ethiopian non-financial share companies. Data were collected from public and private sources for 42 companies covering the period 2009-2013. For the first time overall corporate governance index is constructed from board structure, ownership structure, and disclosure and transparency. By specifying fixed effect regression models the study accounts for the presence of unobserved firm heterogeneity. Moreover, a moderation fixed effect model is specified for the corporate governance-performance relationship. Results show that firms choose their corporate governance in response to contexts in which they operate. High-risk firms have good corporate governance. Corporate governance is enhanced if the largest owner is government or bank. Findings show not only the positive influence of corporate governance on financial performance but also the positive effect of corporate governance on financial performance is enhanced where there are high agency problems. Firm growth, firm level risk and identity of the largest shareholder moderate the relationship between corporate governance and firm financial performance. The study contributes to the literature by providing evidence that firms endogenously choose their corporate governance and the effect of corporate governance on performance depends on firm level contingencies. For practice, the positive link between corporate governance and financial performance informs us that instituting and enforcing corporate governance should be taken seriously. Areas that require priority include the legal frameworks and their enforcement, additional corporate governance standards, strong financial market particularly a stock market. Future research can build on the limitations of the study. For instance, researchers can increase the sample size, compare industries or perform cross-country studies. / Business Management / DBL

Les systèmes de management de marque (BMS) sont d’une importance centrale pour contrôler de façon efficace le management de marque et mettre en valeur la performance de l’entreprise. Une difficulté actuelle concerne l’évaluation des pratiques des managers de marque et leurs contributions à la performance. Cette recherche doctorale tente de pallier cette limite de plusieurs manières : (1) en identifiant les pratiques saillantes et composantes du BMS ; (2) en définissant une échelle de mesure du BMS ; (3) en testant son rôle médiateur dans la relation entre le concept d’orientation marché et la performance marque ; (4) en déterminant globalement , mais aussi sectoriellement, les pratiques saillantes du management de marque qui contribuent à la performance marque mesurée de façon subjective et objective, ainsi que les effets ; (5) en étudiant le rôle de variables qui pourraient modérer cet effet médiateur. Les résultats d’une analyse de sentier auprès de 359 managers de marque confirment l’existence de l’effet médiateur du système de management de marque. Nous démontrons qu’il existe également un chemin médiateur passant par cet effet et ayant un impact sur la performance subjective de la marque puis la performance financière objective. Les analyses multi-groupes mettent en avant des différences sectorielles dans la valorisation des pratiques du management de marque et de l’orientation marché, fournissant ainsi des éléments d’information pour la prise de décision du top management. / Brand management systems (BMSs) are of prime importance to monitor an effective brand management and enhance firms’ performance. The lack of research about brand management practices makes the evaluation of their impact on performance difficult to assess. In order to fill this gap, this doctoral research tries to: (1) identify the BMS’s main practices and components; (2) define a BMS scale; (3) test the BMS mediating role in the relationship between market orientation and brand performance; (4) determine to what extent brand management systems contributes to brand performance, measured at subjective and objective levels, globally and in five sectors; (5) study the moderating effects of firms’ and sectors’ characteristics. The research was carried out with a sample of 359 managers. The results demonstrate the mediating effect of BMS on subjective brand performance to objective financial performance. Multigroup analyses show moderating effects which influence BMS and market orientation valuation, which provides relevant information for top managers’ decision making.

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) contribute substantially in economies around the world and in South Africa in particular. This study aimed to explore and describe the financial performance measures currently used by manufacturing SMEs in Pretoria. Semi-structured interviews were conducted at the participant SMEs’ premises in order to gather the information. It was found that most of the respondents use financial ratios, but to a limited extent, when measuring their financial performance. The use of bankruptcy prediction models is totally absent among the participants. It has been recommended that SMEs use more ratios from the literature that have been proven to be the best financial measures, and the six ratios that have worked well for some of the participants in the study. It is also recommended that SME owners enrol their financial staff for training in bankruptcy prediction models, and use financial software packages if they can afford them. / Graduate School for Business Leadership / (M.Tech. (Business Administration))

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T21:42:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Emerson Bisco.pdf: 620167 bytes, checksum: 08345171ebc2f0d18daa146b809ff88d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-30 / Com o crescente aumento da cultura de proteção ambiental, o tema sustentabilidade vem ganhando cada vez mais espaço na vida das pessoas e principalmente na rotina das organizações. Existem algumas correntes teóricas propondo que para existir uma perenidade das organizações, estas devem incorporar em seu plano estratégico, todos os elementos que permitam um equilíbrio nas relações com os stakeholders. Já outras linhas teóricas, defendem que as empresas devem focar todos seus esforços para atender os acionistas (shareholders), maximizando os lucros e agregando valor. Neste contexto, alguns índices de sustentabilidade foram surgindo mundo afora, visando combinar com a já presente visão de resultados financeiros das organizações, também o alcance do bem estar para a sociedade e proteção do meio ambiente. No Brasil, em Novembro de 2005, foi lançando o ISE Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial, que foi desenvolvido para uma gama de empresas que apresentam boas práticas de sustentabilidade. Surge, então, o questionamento se a adoção das práticas de sustentabilidade pode de alguma forma, proporcionar melhor desempenho financeiro para as organizações que as adotam, pois de acordo com a teoria dos stakeholders, as instituições que conseguem atender as necessidades das partes interessadas têm seu valor maximizado ao longo do tempo. Com relação a isto, este presente estudo procura averiguar se as empresas que estão listadas no ISE, excluindo as empresas do setor de materiais básicos, utilidade pública, e financeiro, do período de 2006 a 2008, desenvolveram desempenho financeiro superior às outras empresas que não fazem parte do índice no mesmo período. Foram selecionados dados secundários, utilizando a base de dados da Economática, criando dois grupos para comparação, onde um grupo consta de empresas que estão exclusivamente listadas no ISE, consideradas sustentáveis e outro grupo de empresas, formado por empresas listadas no IBOVESPA e que não participaram do ISE. Tomando o Q de Tobin como a variável dependente e índices de Tamanho da Empresa, Distribuição de Dividendos, Debt to Equity, ROA, Crescimento de Vendas, Crescimento dos Investimentos, Diversificação de Mercado, Endividamento como variáveis independentes, foram aplicados testes estatísticos comparando as médias dos índices, seguido do teste t de student, e regressões de dados em painel pooled, fixed e random effects para encontrar a possível correlação entre sustentabilidade e valor da empresa. Os resultados encontrados apontam uma relação entre sustentabilidade empresarial e desempenho financeiro.(AU)

La théorie du signal soutient qu’une entreprise qui limite l'étendue de sa communication sociale et environnementale limite la capacité de ses parties prenantes à évaluer son degré réel de performance en termes de développement durable, lui permettant potentiellement d’atteindre une meilleure performance financière. Cependant la transparence est une norme institutionnalisée à laquelle ces parties prenantes sont attachées. Les entreprises peuvent donc ne pas être capables de limiter l’étendue de leur communication sans être pénalisées. Cette thèse soulève donc la question de savoir si les entreprises peuvent stratégiquement limiter leur communication sociale et environnementale afin d’atteindre des niveaux de profit plus élevés, ou si la pression de conformité à la norme de transparence affaiblit ces stratégies. Cette thèse démontre économétriquement que les agences de notation sociale et environnementale ne convergent pas dans leur évaluation des entreprises, soutenant l'hypothèse que les entreprises sont capables de limiter la capacité des parties prenantes à évaluer leur degré de performance sociale et environnementale. Cette thèse démontre également que les entreprises les moins durables, et les plus réputées, sont les plus susceptibles de limiter l’étendue de leur communication, que les entreprises les plus durables accèdent à de plus hauts retours financiers sur le court et long terme lorsqu'elles adoptent une communication exhaustive, et que les entreprises les moins durables au contraire sont plus rentables sur le court terme quand elles limitent l’étendue de leur communication. Cette thèse montre donc que, conformément à la théorie du signal, les entreprises peuvent à court terme stratégiquement ajuster l’étendue de leur communication sociale et environnementale afin d’atteindre de plus hauts retours financiers. Cependant, sur le long terme, la pression de conformité à la norme de transparence est trop élevée, et limite les bénéfices de telles stratégies. / The signaling perspective argues that when a firm limits the extent of its sustainability disclosure, it prevents stakeholders from evaluating its achieved degree of sustainability performance, and may thus reach higher financial returns. However, transparency is an institutionalized norm that stakeholders value, and firms may not be able to limit their disclosure without being penalized. This thesis therefore raises the question of whether firms can strategically limit their sustainability disclosure to reach higher profits, or if pressure for conformity to the norm of transparency exists and weakens such strategies. Using econometrical methods, this thesis empirically shows that sustainability raters do not converge in their assessment of firms’ sustainability performance, supporting the assumption that firmsmay prevent stakeholders from evaluating their actual degree of sustainability. It also shows that less sustainable and more reputed firms are more likely to limit their sustainability disclosure, that highly sustainable firms encounter higher short and long term financial returns when they adopt an extensive disclosure, and that less sustainable firms, on the contrary are more profitable in the short term when theylimit their disclosure. This thesis therefore shows that in line with the signaling perspective, firms may strategically adjust the extent on their disclosure to reach higher returns in the short term. However, in the long term, normative pressure for transparency is too high and weakens the benefits of such strategies.

Submitted by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-14T14:09:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PERRESSIM_William_2016.pdf: 51818946 bytes, checksum: cfcb0792fcd322943e503d5c66ef56d0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-14T14:12:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PERRESSIM_William_2016.pdf: 51818946 bytes, checksum: cfcb0792fcd322943e503d5c66ef56d0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-14T14:12:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PERRESSIM_William_2016.pdf: 51818946 bytes, checksum: cfcb0792fcd322943e503d5c66ef56d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-14T14:12:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PERRESSIM_William_2016.pdf: 51818946 bytes, checksum: cfcb0792fcd322943e503d5c66ef56d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The efficiency of a production system is characterized by its ability to produce more with fewer resources. In this sense new strategies for inventory management emerge, to minimize the impact of this factor in the results of the organizations. Literature in operations management deals with a long time to study and analyze the relationship between the stock of the economic and financial performance. But even in the face of decades of research, some issues show up unanswered. In this sense this work is to analyze the influence of the stock's performance on the economic and financial results, making use of indicators based on Gross Profit, Operating Income and Net Income, analyzing the relationship between the composition of these indicators and their effectiveness in isolating the effect of stock on economic and financial performance. For such a set of 56 industries with publicly traded and listed on the BM&FBovespa, were analyzed their data financial performance and operational arranged in the form of panel, with the start in the 1st quarter of 2004 and finish in the 4th quarter 2014 total so 11 years and 2376 observations. Regression analysis with panel data using the model of generalized least squares indicated that the economic and financial performance is positively impacted by stock, that is, reductions in inventory levels should impact in better profits for the organization. also indicated the ROABruto (Gross Profit) and BEP (Operating Income) show to be more influenced by the stock compared to indicators based on net income. / A eficiência de um sistema de produção é caracterizada por sua capacidade de produzir mais com menos recursos. Neste sentido, novas estratégias para a gestão de estoque emergem, visando minimizar o impacto deste fator nos resultados das organizações. A literatura em gestão de operações ocupa-se a muito tempo em estudar e analisar a relação entre o estoque o desempenho financeiro. Mas mesmo diante de décadas de pesquisa, algumas questões mostramse não respondidas. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a influência do desempenho do estoque sobre o resultado financeiro, fazendo uso de indicadores baseados em Lucro Bruto, Lucro Operacional e Lucro Líquido, analisando a relação entre a composição destes indicadores e sua eficiência em isolar o efeito do estoque sobre o desempenho financeiro. Para tal, um conjunto com 56 empresas industriais com ações negociadas na BM&FBovespa foram analisadas, com seus dados de desempenho financeiro e operacionais dispostos na forma de painel, com o início no 1º trimestre de 2004 e término no 4º trimestre de 2014, totalizando, assim 11 anos e 2376 observações. A análise de regressão com dados em painel, utilizando o modelo dos mínimos quadrados generalizados, indicou que o desempenho financeiro é positivamente influenciado pelo estoque, ou seja, reduções nos níveis de estoque devem impactar em melhores lucros para a organização. Indicou também que o estoque influencia em maior intensidade o ROABruto (Lucro Bruto/Ativo) e o BEP (Lucro Operacional/Ativo), em comparação a indicadores baseados em lucro líquido.

Cette recherche examine le lien entre la Responsabilité Sociale d’Enterprise (RSE) des Institutions de Microfinance (IMFs) et les investisseurs étrangers (F.Is) dans le contexte où la micro finance commercialisée a un double objectif (DBL). Le cadre théorique et conceptuel de cette étude comprend la théorie de l'agence, la théorie des parties prenantes, la théorie de la dépendance aux ressources et le concept d'Investissement Socialement Responsable (ISR). L'étude empirique est basée sur un processus en deux étapes, une première étude qualitative exploratoire réalisée à travers des entretiens semi-directif avec 9 gestionnaires de fonds (ISR) afin de bien comprendre le sujet et d'enrichir les théories et les concepts. La deuxième étape consiste en une analyse quantitative à l'aide des modèles des moindres carrés ordinaires (OLS) et de la régression logistique en utilisant les données de 615 IMF pour l'année 2012 pour vérifier le lien entre les F.Is et la RSE et si la performance financière joue un rôle de médiateur ou de modérateur. Pour la première fois en microfinance, une définition globale / multi dimensionnelle de la RSE est utilisée et des indicateurs calculés sur la base de cela. Les résultats montrent que la RSE est un facteur clé dans les décisions d'investissement de F.Is et il montre un effet de médiation de la performance financière sur la relation entre la RSE et F.Is. Afin d'assurer l'accès aux services financiers au bas de la pyramide, les IMFs ont besoin d'avoir accès aux investisseurs étrangers. Comme la RSE est prise en compte par les investisseurs dans leur décision d'investissement, les IMF doivent donc se concentrer sur la gestion et la présentation des activités pertinentes de RSE afin d'attirer et de satisfaire ces investisseurs. / This research examines the link between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) and foreign investors (F.Is) in the context that commercialized Microfinance has double-bottom-line. The theoretical and conceptual framework for this study includes the agency theory, stakeholder’s theory, resource dependence theory and the concept of Socially Responsible Investment (SRI). The empirical study is based on a two-step process, an initial exploratory qualitative study carried out through semi-structured interviews with 9 fund managers (SRI) in order to understand well the topic and enrich the theories and concepts. The second step is a quantitative analysis through ordinary least squares (OLS) and logistic regression models using data of 615 MFIs for the year 2012 to verify the link between F.I and CSR and if financial performance plays a mediator or moderator role. For the first time in microfinance, a comprehensive/multi-dimensional definition of CSR is used and indicators calculated based on that. The results show that CSR is a key factor in investment decisions of F.Is and it shows a mediation effect of financial performance on the relationship between CSR and F.Is. In order to provide access to financial services at the bottom of the pyramid, MFIs need access to foreign investors. As CSR is taken into account by investors in their investment decision, therefore, MFIs need to focus on managing and reporting relevant CSR activities in order to attract and satisfy these investors.