Global ETD Search

21	非營利組織財務資訊揭露之探討-內政部財務報表範例之探討 / The research of Non-porfit Organization Financial Disclosure - the research of the financial statement of MOI standardized template 柯玉芳 Unknown Date (has links) 非營利組織的資源直接間接來自於社會大眾，本應就其財務運用的狀況對社會大眾交代，而財務報表乃是表達任何組織的經營結果，與資源分配是否有效的重要資訊。在台灣的非營利組織，超過33,000家，其中超過9,000家均採內政部所提供的財務報表範例編製自己的財務報告，惟該範例卻有瑕疵。因此本研究在探討什麼樣的財務報表格式可供內政部所屬的非營利組織參考。本研究設計二套財務報表，一套依一般公認會計原則，一套依內政部範例改編，以問卷探詢非營利組織與營利組織的財務人員及管理階層，是否支持非營利組織公開其財務報表？如支持，財務報表的名稱及格式內容應為何？不同服務領域，對於贊成公開的財務報表是否不同？對財務報表的名稱及格式內容之偏好是否有差異？不同財務報表的格式，對於報表所呈現的完整性及報表間的關聯性是否不同？且對報表的信任度及理解度是否有影響？最後，財務資訊揭露是否為影響捐款的重要因素？本研究之結果顯示，超過94%的受測者支持非營利組織公開其財務報表，且財務資訊揭露是影響捐款的重要因素。至於應公開的財務報表，則有「資產負債表」、「收支餘絀表」、「現金流量表」、「淨值變動表」，營利組織贊成公開的財務報表，為上述四表；非營利組織的意見雖較為分散，但仍集中在「資產負債表」、「收支餘絀表」。對於報表名稱及格式內容，營利組織與非營利組織也明顯不同，且不同財務報表的格式，對報表的信任度及理解度，以及報表的完整性和報表間的關聯性，是有影響的。本研究並根據以上結論，編製一套財務報表格式以供內政部所屬的非營利組織參考。非營利組織財務資訊揭露財務報表 Non-profit Organization Financial Disclosure Financial Statement
22	THREE ESSAYS ON PUBLIC FINANCE AND PUBLIC POLICY: FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE AND POLICY REINVENTION IN U.S. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Yu, Jinhai 01 January 2018 (has links) This dissertation consists of three essays. The first essay, or Chapter 2, advances the literature by examining the conditional effects of lobbying on the relationship between policy learning and policy reinvention. Scholars have consistently shown that learning of successful policies in other states leads to higher likelihood of policy adoption. This essay extends this finding two ways. First, policy learning can also lead to more comprehensive adoption of successful policies. Second, the effect of policy learning on policy comprehensiveness is conditional on lobbying by interest groups, an alternative source of information about policy success. To test these hypotheses, I conduct a directed dyad-year analysis using a dataset on American state drunk driving regulations from 1983 to 2000. The results show that more comprehensive policy adoption by states is positively related to policy success in other states when lobbying by Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) is relatively low. Moreover, lobbying by MADD increases policy comprehensiveness when policy success is relatively low. The second essay, or Chapter 3, examines the effects of GASB 45 on local government borrowing costs. Government financial disclosure is a key instrument to improve fiscal transparency and accountability. In 2004, the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) issued Statement No. 45 to require state and local governments to disclose information about other postemployment benefits (OPEB) for the first time. The theoretical framework incorporates both direct and indirect effects of disclosure on borrowing costs. The empirical tests use a panel of counties across states and the bonds they issued in the primary market between 1999 and 2012. To account for the impact of GASB 45 on county governments’ decisions to issue bonds, a Heckman selection model is estimated. GASB 45 increases borrowing costs of county governments, with the effects decreasing over time. GASB 45 has a larger effect on borrowing costs of county governments issuing bonds of lower credit quality and adopting the generally accepted accounting standards (GAAP). The third essay, or Chapter 4, examines the impact of information about funding of OPEB plans on borrowing costs of local governments. Local governments have disclosed information about other postemployment benefits (OPEB) plans under the Governmental Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 45 issued in 2004. Funding status is measured by percentage of annual required contribution (ARC) contributed and funded ratios. Two panels of counties and cities with comprehensive annual financial reports available from the Government Financial Officers Association are matched with the bonds they issued between 2008 and 2014. The results show that higher percentage of ARC contributed of OPEB plans are associated with lower borrowing costs for counties; and higher OPEB funded ratios are correlated with lower borrowing costs for cities. Higher percentage of ARC contributed and funded ratios of pension plans are associated with lower borrowing costs for both counties and cities. This essay demonstrates that information about OPEB and pension plans is incorporated in municipal bond pricing. Policy Reinvention Policy Learning Other Postemployment Benefits Financial Disclosure Borrowing Costs Economic Policy Health Policy Public Administration Public Economics Public Policy
23	Trois études sur le reporting et la réglementation bancaire / Three essays on reporting and regulatory issues in bank disclosures Naimi Abyaneh, Ali 15 June 2015 (has links) Cette thèse se compose de trois chapitres distincts. Le premier chapitre étudie la tentative d'harmonisation de la réglementation financière et de la divulgation de l'information financière par l'Union Européenne. Ces réglementations financières sont appliquées à travers un ensemble de directives avec un objectif commun. Nous étudions l'impact de ces changements sur l'asymétrie d'information. Nous considérons également le rôle des caractéristiques du pays et des entreprises. Nos résultats montrent que l'asymétrie d'information a diminué après le changement de régime réglementaire de l'UE. Nous démontrons que les pays dont la règlementation antérieure est d'un niveau de qualité élevé avec un système juridique efficient ont connu une réduction d'asymétrie d'information plus importante. Selon les résultats, l'impact des réglementations sur l'asymétrie d'information est plus important pour les entreprises qui avaient un meilleur environnement avant le changement de régime. Le deuxième chapitre étudie l'efficacité de l'utilisation de la juste valeur en comptabilité pour fournir des informations plus pertinentes sur la valeur des banques. Les études pertinence de la valeur ont été menées en quatre étapes. Tout d'abord, nous comparons la pertinence de la valeur des actifs et passifs tels qu'ils sont inscrits dans les bilans. Nous constatons que les actifs et passifs pris à la juste valeur sont plus pertinents pour expliquer la valeur de marché des capitaux propres. En outre, on observe que la crise financière de mi-2008 n'a pas d'impact significatif sur la pertinence des actifs et des passifs pris en FV et, que la qualité de l'audit améliore la pertinence des actifs pris en FV. Dans la deuxième étape, nous nous concentrons sur la mesure de la juste valeur et nous trouvons que les actifs basés sur « marked-to-market » sont plus pertinents que les actifs « marked-to-model » et que la haute qualité de l'audit a un impact positif sur la pertinence des actifs basés sur les niveaux de FV 1 et 2. Dans la troisième étape, nous examinons la pertinence de la valeur incrémentale des justes valeurs, en étudiant la pertinence du contenu de l'information fournie par la différence entre les justes valeurs et les coûts historiques. Pour terminer, nous évaluerons la pertinence des deux modèles que nous proposons en comparant les résultats obtenus au titre de celui de « la juste valeur totale » à ceux obtenus par le modèle « du coût historique ». Dans le troisième chapitre, nous cherchons à savoir dans quelle mesure la juste valeur en comptabilité permet de mesurer l'exposition aux risques prise par les banques. Nous étudions le rôle de la taille des banques et celui de la situation économique du marché financier. Nous démontrons que pour un échantillon global, les ratios d'endettement de coût historique et la GAAP, sont plus liés au risque de la banque que les ratios fondées sur les justes valeurs. Pour les petites banques le ratio de levier financier de la GAAP et du HC expliquent mieux le risque de défaut des banques que le ratio de levier financier de FV, et pour les grandes banques cet ordre s'inverse. Nos résultats fournissent la preuve que, pendant les périodes stables, le ou la GAAP et le ou la HC sont plus pertinentes que le risque par FV. En période de crise cet ordre s'inverse, et les ratios de FV expliquent mieux les attentes du marché concernant le risque de défaut de toutes les banques. / This dissertation consist three distinct essays that study the effectiveness of financial disclosure regulations. The first essay studies the effectiveness of EU regulatory changes aimed to harmonize and enhance EU financial information environment. Unlike literatures that study the adoption of a single regulation, we consider a set of EU regulations that have common objectives. We find that the adoption of these regulation have decreased information asymmetry in financial markets. We also show that the effectiveness of regulatory changes varies across counties. We find that firms that needed the improvement in financial information environment the most benefited the least from implementation of regulations under study. We argue that EU capital market impacts generally attributed to the adoption of IFRS are likely to come from regulatory changes concomitant to IFRS. We then focus on banks and find that EU regulatory changes had a more significant impact on banks than other firms. The second essay studies the effectiveness of fair value accounting in providing more value-relevant information. The value relevance studies have been conducted in four stages. First, we compare the value relevance of assets and liabilities as they are carried in balance sheets and find that assets and liabilities carried at fair value are more value-relevant than those carried at cost. Furthermore, we illustrate that the 2008 financial crisis had no significant impact on the value relevance of FV assets and liabilities. Also high audit quality improves the value relevance of assets carried at FV. Second, we focus on fair value measurement levels and find marked-to-marked fair values to be more value-relevant than marked-to-model fair value assets and high audit quality has a positive impact on value relevance of assets carries at FV levels 1 and 2. Third, we focus on the incremental value relevance of fair values, where we study the value relevance of fair value information over those conveyed by costs data. Finally, we compare the relative value relevance of a full fair value versus full cost accounting. The third essay looks at the risk relevance of fair value accounting. We compare the accounting-based debt ratio with fair values, cost and US GAAP data for explaining market assessments of bank risk. We find that although in overall US GAAP information and cost accounting are more risk relevant than fair values, relative value-relevance of the ratios depends on bank size and general economic condition. During financial crisis and for large banks fair values are more risk-relevant than HC and GAAP. Overall, this dissertation sheds light on the effectiveness of financial regulations regarding information disclosure and the impact of influential factors with an emphasis on banks. Régulation financière Divulgation financière Crise financière Qualité de l'audit Comptabilité en juste valeur Banques Financial regulation Financial disclosure Financial crises Audit quality Fair value accounting Banks 650
24	Sustainability reporting and the related challenges of the United Nations Global Compact signatories : A qualitative study in the Nordic region Nissim, Donata, Mugwira, Tatenda January 2018 (has links) Abstract Sustainability has been one of the most discussed topics among the business world and society for the last decade. The globally growing concern about sustainability related issues has led to businesses and non-businesses meet the demand of their stakeholders by producing a sustainability report to demonstrate their work and development in sustainability and how they have measured it. There has been a fast-growing trend of sustainability reporting in few years and there are a number of different initiatives and requirements that define what kind of sustainability reports are produced. From the different sustainability initiatives, the largest principle-based initiative is the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) with almost 13 000 signatories and the largest reporting-based initiative is the Global reporting initiative (GRI). These two initiatives entered in to a partnership in 2010 with the aim of the GRI providing guidance for the signatories on how to disclose information from different areas in sustainability in their sustainability reports. There has been previous research that criticized the UNGC to be too broad and the principles difficult to translate in to sustainability reporting despite the existing partnership with the GRI. These previous studies expressed the lack of qualitative studies about the subject especially from the signatories’ perspective and the importance of approaching the topic from a practical point of view. The purpose of our research study was to create an understanding of the practicalities in UNGC signatories’ sustainability reporting, the challenges they face in the progress and how are they approaching those challenges. The thesis focuses on the Nordic region and the two research questions are: How are the UNGC signatories practically translating the 10 principles into their sustainability reporting? What challenges do UNGC signatories find in sustainability reporting in general and how have they approached these challenges? To answer these research questions the authors conducted a qualitative study by semi-structured interviews with company representatives from different Nordic UNGC signatories. The research study identified how do they practically identify what to report about the principles which is determined by materiality assessment provided by the GRI framework. This determines what is material for the company and its industry and focus on those areas in their sustainability report. Legal requirements, internal regulations and other commitments were also identified guiding sustainability reporting. The main challenges related to the sustainability reporting were mainly about data related issues, satisfying the stakeholders and the high number of different frameworks and regulations that are not necessarily interrelated. Majority of the participants approached these challenges by carrying out the materiality assessment as accurate and clear as possible in order to avoid data related difficulties. Some participants offer their different stakeholders with sustainability related information by different forms in order to make the sustainability reporting easier to read and understand. For the high number of frameworks and regulations, the participants have expectations for alignment among them in the future in order to make the reporting easier for everyone involved with sustainability reporting. The results of our findings were supported by theories and concepts such as the stakeholder’s theory, signalling theory and the CSR concept. Previous studies about sustainability reporting and UNGC were also compared to our findings in the analysis. Sustainability Corporate Social Responsibility GRI UNGC SDGs Sustainability reporting Nordic region Challenges Non-Financial disclosure Sustainability accounting Materiality assessment Business Administration Företagsekonomi
25	Divulgation financière volontaire, gestion du résultat comptable et structure de propriété / Voluntary financial disclosure, earnings management and ownership structure Lamrani, El Mehdi 12 March 2014 (has links) Les scandales comptables et financiers des années 2000 et l'actualité récente ont montré toute l'importance d'une information fiable délivrée aux actionnaires et les effets très dommageables que peut provoquer le manque de transparence. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier le lien entre la divulgation financière volontaire et la gestion du résultat et de contribuer à l’étude des déterminants de ces deux dimensions de la politique comptable. En ce sens, l’impact de la structure de propriété a été examiné et notamment son effet modérateur dans la relation entre ces dernières. Introduite comme mesure indirecte de la divulgation financière volontaire pour étudier les déterminants de la gestion du résultat, la couverture des analystes financiers est également analysée en tant que variable médiatrice de la relation entre la divulgation financière volontaire et la gestion du résultat. En examinant la littérature relative aux déterminants de la politique comptable, et à la lumière de la théorie positive de la comptabilité et de la théorie de l’information, cette thèse propose un cadre d’analyse différent des travaux de recherche menés dans le contexte français. Il est appuyé par une modélisation en Équations Structurelles (Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)) et plus précisément par la méthode d’estimation des modèles structurels basée sur la variance (Partial Least Squares (PLS)), très peu utilisée en recherche comptable. / The financial scandals of the last decade and recent headlines have clearly shown the full importance of reliable reporting to shareholders and the very damaging effects that a lack of transparency can have. The objective of this thesis is to study the link between voluntary financial disclosure and earnings management, and contribute to the study of the determinants of these two dimensions of accounting policy. The impact of ownership structure is examined, including its moderating effect on the relationship between voluntary disclosures and earnings management. Analyst coverage is introduced as an indirect measure of voluntary financial disclosures to investigate the determinants of earnings management, and also examined as a mediating variable in the voluntary disclosures-earnings management relationship. By reviewing the literature on the determinants of accounting policy in the light of positive accounting theory and information theory, this thesis proposes a different analytical framework for research in the French context. This framework is underpinned by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and more precisely the variance-based method for estimation of structural models (Partial Least Squares (PLS), which is very rarely used in accounting research. Divulgation financière volontaire Gestion du résultat Couverture des analystes Structure de propriété Asymétrie d’information Voluntary financial disclosure Earnings management Analyst coverage Ownership structure Information asymmetry Accruals 346.063
26	A Study of Firm Location to Examine Disclosures and Governance Using a Dual Approach: Quantitative Analysis Based Upon the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and Qualitative Analysis of the Annual Report’s Management Discussion and Analysis Garner, Steve A. 05 1900 (has links) The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the effect of U.S. firms’ geographic location, whether urban or rural, on their corporate disclosure and governance practices. An “urban” firm is one that is headquartered in a large metropolitan area; whereas, a “rural” firm is one that is headquartered some distance from any metropolitan area. Specifically, the study examines whether there are different stock market reactions to urban and rural firms around key event dates relative to the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) on July 30, 2002. Also, the readability and linguistic style in the Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) section of public company’s annual reports (Form 10-K) to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) are investigated to determine whether urban and rural firms communicate information differently to investors. corporate governance disclosures readability Sarbanes-Oxley Act stock market urban firm rural firm Securities and Exchange Commission SEC
27	公職人員財產申報法制之研究 / A Study on the Financial Disclosure Legal System for the Public Officials 陳秀慧 Unknown Date (has links) 根據近幾年來瑞士洛桑國際管理發展學院發表之「全球競爭力」調查報告與國際透明組織公佈之「全球貪腐印象指數」的排名結果，發現國家競爭力越高者，清廉度亦相對較高，二者間存有強烈的正相關。而歷次調查結果，均顯示臺灣僅為中度廉潔的國家，因此在推動防貪的過程裡，仍存有許多改善的空間。晚近公部門貪瀆案件、政商掛勾的弊端層出不窮；為遏止公職人員貪污腐化，政府提擬出一系列陽光法案，而公職人員財產申報法就在民國82年匆匆立法通過，成為第一道陽光法案。該法開宗明義即揭示，「爲端正政風、確立公職人員清廉作為，建立公職人員利害關係之規範，特訂定本法」，足徵防制貪瀆係該法所積極追求的目標。但迄今為止，申報不實之公職人員仍然眾多，亦未見任何觸法者因此去職或終結政治生命，可見財產申報法尚無法完全發揮遏制貪瀆弊端的力量，故有修法之迫切需要。本研究係從文獻資料探析財產申報法的立法歷程與規範重點，並針對法務部95年版修正草案加以檢討，同時擷取美國、新加坡的財產申報制度的優點以供我國修法參考。另外，則藉由深度訪談的過程，了解我國財產申報制度在法規面與執行面的優缺點，進而提出改善建言，以期達成建構廉能政府的施政目標。經綜合文獻分析與深度訪談的研究結果，發現整體申報制度之缺失有申報對象界定失衡、防堵脫產未克其功、公開透明猶有不足、裁處罰則難以懾人、執行審核確有困境等。依據前述研究發現，本文提出下列建議包括：建置整體陽光法案、法令體系的結合運作、其他配套措施、追查資金流向、建立弊端揭發人保護制度、鼓勵民眾監督公部門、強化公務人員倫理教育、簡化行政作業流程、研議高薪養廉政策等，以期完善整體申報法制。公務倫理廉政陽光法案公職人員財產申報法 public administrative ethics uncorrupt Sunshine law
28	Licence to Talk : Sustainability Managers and their Managerial Realities within the Corporate Sustainability Paradox El hajjari Borg, Mounia, Sundberg, Elin January 2021 (has links) While sustainability-dedicated managers and related titles represent a profession that has hardly existed for more than a decade, it is not surprising that the field of research concentrating on these professionals is in itself relatively new. With an increasing demand for corporations to take their social and environmental responsibility, and a corporate sustainability characterized by tension and paradox, we found it of importance to explore the role and entanglements of these professionals. By analysing 17 in-depth interviews with sustainability-dedicated professionals from the private sector in Sweden, our interpretation is that sustainability managers hold the function of selling sustainability, with talk as their main weapon. Expressly, in the intersection between business-case logics and sustainability logics, sustainability managers have to, above all, make a convincing case for sustainability, inwards and outwards. Therefore, they draw dynamically on different narratives which we conceptualise in three roles: the chameleon, the pragmatic, and the nagging manager. Through these roles, we intend to capture the fluidity with which the managers relate and engage with sustainability, and hence we do not mean to ossify a role’s dynamics within a single, static or stereotypical category. We discuss these findings and concepts to the background of previous studies and existing literature. Sustainability managers sustainability-dedicated professionals sustainable development sustainable management corporate sustainability corporate paradox CSR stakeholders governance sustainability strategies communication strategic communication sustainability reporting non-financial disclosure private sector in Sweden paradox approach paradox perspective business case social and environmental responsibility organizations multinationals MNC Nils Brunsson organizational theory organizational hypocrisy neo-institutionalism organizational individuals decision-making action business operations isomorphism institutional logics market logics reporting frameworks GRI global reporting initiative walk the talk change making change agent systemic change behaviour and human resources identity work organizational sociology legitimacy Hållbarhetschefer hållbarhetsrelaterade roller hållbar utveckling hållbar ledning hållbarhet paradox CSR intressenter styrning hållbarhetsstrategier kommunikation strategisk kommunikation hållbarhetsrapportering icke-finansiell information privat sektor i Sverige paradox perspektiv affärsstrategi socialt och miljöansvar organisationer multinationella företag MNC Nils Brunsson organisationsteori organizational hypocrisy hyckleri neo-institutionalism organisatoriska individer individnivå beslutsfattande affärsverksamhet isomorfism institutionell logik marknadslogik rapporteringsramverk GRI global reporting initiativ walk the talk förändringsarbete förändringsagent systemförändring beteende och mänskliga resurser identitetsarbete organisatorisk sociologi legitimitet externa och interna påtryckningar. Social Sciences Samhällsvetenskap

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