Global ETD Search

301	Amélioration de la production de gaz des « Tight Gas Reservoirs » / Production enhancement of Tight Gas Reservoirs Khaddour, Fadi 11 April 2014 (has links) La valorisation des réservoirs gaziers compacts, dits Tight Gas Reservoirs (TGR), dont les découvertes sont importantes, permettrait d’augmenter significativement les ressources mondiales d’hydrocarbures. Dans l’objectif d’améliorer la production de ces types de réservoirs, nous avons mené une étude ayant pour but de parvenir à une meilleure compréhension de la relation entre l’endommagement et les propriétés de transport des géomatériaux. L’évolution de la microstructure d’éprouvettes qui ont été soumises préalablement à des chargements dynamiques est étudiée. Une estimation de leurs perméabilités avec l’endommagement est tout d’abord présentée à l’aide d’un modèle de pores parallèles couplant un écoulement de Poiseuille avec la diffusion de Knudsen. Nous avons ensuite mené des travaux expérimentaux afin d’estimer l’évolution de la perméabilité avec l’endommagement en relation avec l’évolution de la distribution de tailles de pores. Les mesures de perméabilité sont effectuées sur des cylindres en mortier similaire aux roches tight gas, soumis à une compression uniaxiale. La caractérisation des microstructures des mortiers endommagés est réalisée par porosimétrie par intrusion de mercure. Afin d’estimer l’évolution de la perméabilité, un nouveau modèle hiérarchique aléatoire est présenté. Les comparaisons avec les données expérimentales montrent la capacité de ce modèle à estimer non seulement les perméabilités apparentes et intrinsèques mais aussi leurs évolutions sous l’effet d’un chargement introduisant une évolution de la distribution de taille de pores. Ce modèle, ainsi que le dispositif expérimental employé, ont été étendus afin d’estimer à l’avenir les perméabilités relatives de mélanges gazeux. Le dernier chapitre présente une étude de l’adsorption de méthane dans différents milieux fracturés par chocs électriques. Les résultats, utiles pour l’estimation des ressources en place, ont montré que la fracturation permet de favoriser l’extraction du gaz initialement adsorbé. / The valorization of compact gas reservoirs, called tight gas reservoirs (TGR), whose discoveries are important, would significantly increase the global hydrocarbon resources. With the aim of improving the production of these types of gas, we have conducted a study to achieve a better understanding of the relationship between damage and the transport properties of geomaterials. The microstructure evolution of specimens, which were submitted beforehand to dynamic loading, has been investigated. An estimation of their permeability upon damage is first presented with the help of a bundle model of parallel capillaries coupling Poiseuille flow with Knudsen diffusion. Then, we have carried out an experimental work to estimate the permeability evolution upon damage in relation to the evolution of the pore size distribution in uniaxial compression. The measurements of permeability have been performed on mortar cylinders, designed to mimic typical tight rocks that can be found in tight gas reservoirs. Microstructural characterization of damaged mortars has been performed with the help of mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). To estimate the permeability evolution, a new random hierarchical model has been devised. The comparisons with the experimental data show the ability of this model to estimate not only the apparent and intrinsic permeabilities but also their evolutions under loading due to a change in the pore size distribution. This model and the experimental set up have been extended to estimate the relative permeabilities of gas mixtures in the future. The final chapter presents a study of the adsorption of methane on different porous media fractured by electrical shocks. The results, concerning the estimation of the in-place resources, have shown that fracturing can enhance the extraction of the initial amount of adsorbed gas. Milieux poreux Mortier Tight gas Perméabilité Propriétés de transport Endommagement Chargement mécanique Compression uniaxiale Fracturation électrique Estimation de perméabilité Modèle de capillaires Séparation de gaz Sélectivité Adsorption Méthode gravimétrique. Porous media Mortar Tight gas Permeability Transport properties Damage Mechanical loading Electrical fracturing Permeability estimation Capillary bundle models Gas separation Selectivity Adsorption Gravimetric method.
302	Da revolução do gás não convencional nos EUA tendo como substrato uma interferência governamental persistente no estímulo a atividade econômica e no fomento as inovações tecnológicas afetas ao setor Valle, Arthur 13 January 2014 (has links) Submitted by ARTHUR VALLE (arthurvalle.f@gmail.com) on 2014-02-25T15:54:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ARTIGO SHALE FINAL (atual FGV-OS).pdf: 455344 bytes, checksum: 3be4fa41a18545524133c57cfb9e5de6 (MD5) / Rejected by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br), reason: Prezado aluno, Substituir a folha de alterações nº 2 pela folha de aprovação com assinatura dos membros da banca e submeter novamente. ÁUREA SRA on 2014-02-26T13:41:40Z (GMT) / Submitted by ARTHUR VALLE (arthurvalle.f@gmail.com) on 2014-03-08T14:26:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ARTIGO SHALE FINAL (ENTREGUE - FGV).pdf: 600365 bytes, checksum: 3a72197ea83d5df9f9e396366e535e1e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2014-04-04T17:04:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ARTIGO SHALE FINAL (ENTREGUE - FGV).pdf: 600365 bytes, checksum: 3a72197ea83d5df9f9e396366e535e1e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2014-04-09T13:43:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ARTIGO SHALE FINAL (ENTREGUE - FGV).pdf: 600365 bytes, checksum: 3a72197ea83d5df9f9e396366e535e1e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-04-09T14:52:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ARTIGO SHALE FINAL (ENTREGUE - FGV).pdf: 600365 bytes, checksum: 3a72197ea83d5df9f9e396366e535e1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-13 / O presente estudo versa sobre os fatores tecnológicos e ambientais que vêm resultando no crescimento da produção de gás natural não convencional nos EUA. Os objetos de analise principais serão as políticas públicas, assim como a dinâmica entre os atores sociais e o ambiente propício que fora criado para que houvesse o adensamento do fomento e do estímulo às inovações tecnológicas sucedidas no setor. / The present study deals with the technological and environmental factors that have resulted in increased of production of unconventional natural gas in the U.S.. The objects of analysis will be the public policies, as well as the dynamics between social actors and enabling environment which was created to promote and the encourage the successful technological innovations in the industry. Gás de Xisto Gás Não Convencional Fraturamento Hidráulico Perfuração horizontal Revolução do gás Mapeamento microssísmico Inovação Políticas públicas Shale gas Unconventional gas Hydraulic Fracturing Horizontal Drilling Gas Revolution Microssísmic mapping Innovation Public policy Administração de empresas Gás de xisto Fraturamento hidráulico Inovações tecnológicas Políticas públicas
303	Géothermie profonde : stimulation de la perméabilité par fracturation hydraulique dans un cadre thermo-poroélastique / Enhanced geothermal systems : permeability enhancement through hydraulic fracturing in a poro-thermoelastic framework Abuaisha, Murad S. 28 April 2014 (has links) Ce travail concerne l'utilisation de la technique de Fracturation Hydraulique (FH) pour exploiter l'énergie géothermique des réservoirs profonds de roches sèches chaudes (HDR). La fracturation hydraulique est réalisée par injection de fluides géothermiques dans des réservoirs partiellement fracturés de faible perméabilité. Les fluides à haute pression sont destinés à faire évoluer les fissures et leur connectivité. Les valeurs de débit/pression auxquelles les fluides géothermiques doivent être pompés, ainsi que le calendrier de pompage pour initier la fracturation hydraulique, dépendent principalement des conditions géostatiques existantes (contraintes géostatiques, pression fluide et température initiales de l'HDR) ainsi que des propriétés des fissures de l'HDR (longueur, épaisseur, densité et distribution directionnelle initiales moyennes de fissures). Tous ces éléments, en sus de leurs effets sur la stabilité des forages, sont analysés dans cette recherche. Des modèles de fracturation, qui sont capables de suivre l'évolution des fissures dans toutes les orientations spatiales possibles, sont utilisés pour obtenir le tenseur anisotrope de perméabilité. Ces modèles sont intégrés dans un code domestique d'éléments finis qui est développé pour résoudre des problèmes aux limites thermo-poroélastiques. Pour supprimer/diminuer les oscillations qui accompagnent les solutions paraboliques et/ou hyperboliques lors de la convection forcée, plusieurs techniques de stabilisation ont dû être implémentées. / The application of the Hydraulic Fracturing (HF) technology to exploit geothermal energy from Hot Dry Rocks (HDR) reservoirs is addressed. HF is achieved by extensively pumping geothermal fluids to already existing fractured HDR reservoirs of low permeability. High fluid pressures are expected to drive cracks to evolve and connect. The newly created burgeoning hydraulic conduits should supposedly enhance the permeability of the existing HDR reservoirs. The flow rate/pressure values at which geothermal fluids should be pumped, as well as the pumping schedule to initiate HF, depend primarily on the existing geostatic conditions (geostatic stresses, initial HDR pressure and temperature) as well as on HDR fracture properties (initial mean fracture length, mean fracture aperture, density and orientational distribution of fractures). While these components, in addition to their effects on borehole stability, are scrutinized in this research, focus is on the evolution during circulation processes of the fracture properties. A fracturing model that is capable of tracking fracture evolution in all possible spatial orientations is used to obtain the time course of the anisotropic permeability tensor. This evolving property is integrated into a domestic finite element code which is developed to solve thermo–poroelastic BVPs: emphasis is laid on the efficiency of the doublet flow technique where a fluid gains thermal energy by circulating through the HDR reservoir from the injection well to the production well. The spurious oscillations in the hyperbolic solutions of the approximated finite element approach that are commensal with the phenomenon of forced heat convection are healed/mitigated through several stabilization approaches. Thermo-poro-élasticité Couplages chimie-mécanique Fracturation hydraulique Thermo-poro-elasticity Porous media with multiple porosities Local thermal non equilibrium Chemo-mechanical couplings PH effects on mechanical properties Hydraulic fracturing 620
304	Estudo de fissuração em concreto armado com fibras e armadura convencional / not available Bruce Ekane Ewang 30 April 1999 (has links) Devido à fragilidade do concreto, o controle e combate da fissuração são de importância fundamental em estruturas de concreto armado. Uma maneira de melhorar as propriedades do concreto à tração é pelo emprego de fibras. A presente pesquisa é uma tentativa de fornecer diretrizes para o dimensionamento de estruturas de concreto armado com fibras, e armadura convencional sob condições de serviço. Apresenta-se inicialmente, um estudo do comportamento do material à tração. Um modelo probabilístico/micro-mecânico fundamentado na mecânica de fratura, e capaz de prever o comportamento pós-fissuração do compósito é apresentado. O modelo prevê a relação tensão-abertura de fissura do compósito levando em conta os seguintes micro-mecanismos: travejamento de agregado e fibras, a ruptura das fibras, os efeitos de: atrito local (snubbing effect), esmagamento da matriz, Cook-Gordon, e da pré-tração das fibras. Em nível estrutural, dois modelos macro-mecânicos são apresentados. O primeiro modelo tem premissa na teoria clássica de fissura, e o segundo na mecânica de dado. O primeiro modelo é ajustado para aplicação na previsão de espaçamento e aberturas de fissura em estruturas de concreto armado com fibras discretas e aleatoriamente dispostas. É demostrado que o modelo micro-mecânico pode alimentar perfeitamente o modelo macro-mecânico. Ensaios de tração com elementos de placas de argamassa com fibras armada com tela ou fios foram realizados. Os resultados teóricos previstos pelo modelo foram comparados com os obtidos do programa experimental, e mostram uma boa concordância, comprovando a validade do modelo apresentado. / Due to the brittleness of concrete, the control and prevention of cracking in reinforced concrete structures are of prime importance. One way of improving the tensile properties of concrete is by the addition of fibres. The present research is a trial to provide guidelines for the design of fibre reinforced concrete structures under service loads. First of all, a study of the tensile behaviour of the composite material is presented. A probabilistic/fracture mechanics based micromechanical model, capable of predicting the poscracking behaviour of the material is presented. The model predicts the tensile stress-crack width relationship, accounting for the following micromechanisms: fibre and aggregate bridging, fibre rupture, local snubbing, matrix spalling, the Cook-Gordon interface effect, and fibre prestressing. At the structural level, two macromechanical models are presented. One is founded on the classical theory of cracking, while the other, a shear lag model, is founded on the continuum damage mechanics. The first model is adjusted for application to the prevision of crack width and crack spacing in fibre reinforced concrete structures with short discrete and randomly dispersed fibres. It is shown that the micromechanical model fits very well in the macrostructural model. Tensile tests with mortar specimens reinforced with continuous steel wires or meshes and PVA or polypropylene fibres were carried out. The theoretical results predicted by the model were compared with results obtained from the experimental program, and show very good agreement, confirming the validity of the theoretical model. Abertura de fissura Concreto armado com fibras Ensaios de tração Espaçamento de fissura Fissuração (fratura) Micro-mecanismos Modelo macro-mecânico Modelo micro-mecânico Relação tensão-abertura de fissura Crack spacing Crack width Cracking (fracturing) Fibre reinforced concrete Macromechanical model Micromechanical model Micromechanisms Model Tensile stress-crack Tensile tests Width relationship
305	The Contentious Politics of Disruptive Innovation: Vaping and Fracking in the European Union Hasselbalch, Jacob 01 May 2017 (has links) This thesis investigates what it means to view disruptive innovation as a political problem. I take my point of departure in the tendency for controversial disruptions in heavily regulated sectors, such as electronic cigarettes or hydraulic fracturing, to open regulatory spaces by challenging established expectations about how they ought to be governed. In the wake of such disruption, policy actors with a stake in the matter engage in sensemaking and discursive contests to control the meaning of the innovations in order to close the regulatory spaces by aligning them with one set of laws instead of another. I study these contests in two recent legislative initiatives of the European Union to address the disruptive potential of e-cigarettes and fracking: the 2014 revision of the Tobacco Products Directive and the 2014 Commission recommendations on unconventional fossil fuels. The research draws on 51 interviews carried out with key policy actors during and after the policy debates. I bolster this with an analysis of policy documents, press releases and scientific studies, as well as a content and network analysis of position statements in newspaper articles. I find that the strategic use of rhetoric and framing plays an important part in creating, maintaining, and entrenching opposed coalitions in both policy debates. In both case studies, the policy solution is accompanied by deteriorating levels of trust among participants, leading coalitions to engage in strategies of venue-shopping to circumvent their opponents. This underscores the significant challenges there are for policymakers to address disruptions while maintaining legitimacy. The original contribution of the thesis lies in its novel conceptualization of disruptive innovation as a political problem, its application of micro-sociological approaches to the politics of expertise and European public policy, and its practical and theoretical suggestions for how to better study periods of disruption and govern through them. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished Sciences sociales Science politique administrative Sociologie Politique internationale Politique scientifique Science de l'organisation Science politique générale Sciences administratives Systèmes fédéraux Intégration et coopération européenne Institutions internes des états Sociologie politique Analyse sociologique Interaction des groupes Ethnographie Sociologie de la science Sociologie générale disruptive innovation regulation hydraulic fracturing electronic cigarettes European Union public policy
306	Variational phase-field models from brittle to ductile fracture : nucleation and propagation / Modèles variationnels à champ de phase pour la rupture de type fragile et ductile : nucléation et propagation Tanne, Erwan 15 December 2017 (has links) Les simulations numériques des fissures fragiles par les modèles d’endommagement à gradient deviennent main- tenant très répandues. Les résultats théoriques et numériques montrent que dans le cadre de l’existence d’une pre-fissure la propagation suit le critère de Griffith. Alors que pour le problème à une dimension la nucléation de la fissure se fait à la contrainte critique, cette dernière propriété dimensionne le paramètre de longueur interne.Dans ce travail, on s’attarde sur le phénomène de nucléation de fissures pour les géométries communément rencontrées et qui ne présentent pas de solutions analytiques. On montre que pour une entaille en U- et V- l’initiation de la fissure varie continument entre la solution prédite par la contrainte critique et celle par la ténacité du matériau. Une série de vérifications et de validations sur diffèrent matériaux est réalisée pour les deux géométries considérées. On s’intéresse ensuite à un défaut elliptique dans un domaine infini ou très élancé pour illustrer la capacité du modèle à prendre en compte les effets d’échelles des matériaux et des structures.Dans un deuxième temps, ce modèle est étendu à la fracturation hydraulique. Une première phase de vérification du modèle est effectuée en stimulant une pré-fissure seule par l’injection d’une quantité donnée de fluide. Ensuite on étudie la simulation d’un réseau parallèle de fissures. Les résultats obtenus montrent qu’il a qu’une seule fissure qui se propage et que ce type de configuration minimise mieux l’énergie la propagation d’un réseau de fractures. Le dernier exemple se concentre sur la stabilité des fissures dans le cadre d’une expérience d’éclatement à pression imposée pour l’industrie pétrolière. Cette expérience d’éclatement de la roche est réalisée en laboratoire afin de simuler les conditions de confinement retrouvées lors des forages.La dernière partie de ce travail se concentre sur la rupture ductile en couplant le modèle à champ de phase avec les modèles de plasticité parfaite. Grâce à l’approche variationnelle du problème on décrit l’implantation numérique retenue pour le calcul parallèle. Les simulations réalisées montrent que pour une géométrie légèrement entaillée la phénoménologie des fissures ductiles comme par exemple la nucléation et la propagation sont en concordances avec ceux reportées dans la littérature. / Phase-field models, sometimes referred to as gradient damage, are widely used methods for the numerical simulation of crack propagation in brittle materials. Theoretical results and numerical evidences show that they can predict the propagation of a pre-existing crack according to Griffith’s criterion. For a one- dimensional problem, it has been shown that they can predict nucleation upon a critical stress, provided that the regularization parameter is identified with the material’s internal characteristic length.In this work, we draw on numerical simulations to study crack nucleation in commonly encountered geometries for which closed-form solutions are not available. We use U- and V-notches to show that the nucleation load varies smoothly from the one predicted by a strength criterion to the one of a toughness criterion when the strength of the stress concentration or singularity varies. We present validation and verification of numerical simulations for both types of geometries. We consider the problem of an elliptic cavity in an infinite or elongated domain to show that variational phase field models properly account for structural and material size effects.In a second movement, this model is extended to hydraulic fracturing. We present a validation of the model by simulating a single fracture in a large domain subject to a control amount of fluid. Then we study an infinite network of pressurized parallel cracks. Results show that the stimulation of a single fracture is the best energy minimizer compared to multi-fracking case. The last example focuses on fracturing stability regimes using linear elastic fracture mechanics for pressure driven fractures in an experimental geometry used in petroleum industry which replicates a situation encountered downhole with a borehole called burst experiment.The last part of this work focuses on ductile fracture by coupling phase-field models with perfect plasticity. Based on the variational structure of the problem we give a numerical implementation of the coupled model for parallel computing. Simulation results of a mild notch specimens are in agreement with the phenomenology of ductile fracture such that nucleation and propagation commonly reported in the literature. Nucléation de fissure Modèles d’endommagement à gradient Fracturation hydraulique Stabilité des fissures Modèles de plasticités Approche variationnelle Rupture ductile Phase-field models of fracture Crack nucleation Size effects in brittle materials Gradient damage models Hydraulic fracturing Crack stability Plasticity model Variational approach Ductile fracture 620.112 6
307	Is Ohio Violating the Great Lakes Compact? Thompson, Justin Evan January 2022 (has links) No description available. Environmental Law Environmental Management Environmental Studies Legal Studies Mining Petroleum Production Political Science International Law Law Public Policy Regional Studies Sustainability Water Resource Management Environmental Science Hydrology Great Lakes Compact injection wells hydraulic fracturing fracking environmental law transnational environmental policy international treaty
308	[en] CRACK MODELING IN ASPHALT MIXTURES BY THE DISCRETE ELEMENT METHOD / [pt] MODELAGEM DO TRINCAMENTO DE MISTURAS ASFÁLTICAS PELO MÉTODO DOS ELEMENTOS DISCRETOS JULIANA MARIA MEZA LOPEZ 28 October 2021 (has links) [pt] O trincamento de camada de mistura asfáltica é o principal tipo de deterioração das rodovias, e o presente estudo pretende contribuir para conhecimento dos processos de fissuramento com o objetivo de incorporar novos parâmetros mecânicos para melhorar projetos de pavimentação rodoviária . A modelagem computacional através do Método dos Elementos Discretos (MED), permitiu fazer uma simulação da iniciação e da propagação do trincamento em um ensaio de tração direta chamado de Disco Circular com Fenda (Disk Shaped compact), considerando uma abordagem da teoria da mecânica da fratura elástica linear (MFEL) e a incorporação do modelo constitutivo de zona coesiva (MZC). As modelagens realizadas permitiram inferir o comportamento de corpos de prova de Disco Circular com Fenda DC(T) feitos em laboratório. O método dos elementos discretos monstrou-se uma ferramenta apropriada para realizar este tipo de simulação. Também foram feitas análises da sensibilidade da resposta do modelo em relação a diversos parâmetros mecânicos do material: módulo de Young (E), resistência à tração (RT) e energia da fratura (Gf). Este último parâmetro foi obtido da área sob a curva tração-deslocamento da abertura da boca da trinca (CMOD). A análise foi realizada considerando o corpo como material homogêneo atribuindo-se a todas as partículas propriedades idênticas. A modelagem numérica 2D foi executada através do programa comercial PFC2D baseado no MED. / [en] The cracking of asphalt mixture layers is the main type of deterioration of roads in Brazil, and this study aims to contribute to improve the knowledge of cracking processes in order to incorporate new mechanical parameters into road pavement projects. Computer modeling by the Discrete Element Method (DEM), permitted the simulation of the initiation and the propagation of cracking in a tensile test called Direct Circular Slotted Disc (Disk Shaped Compact), whose interpretation is based on the theory of linear elastic fracture mechanics and considering an specific elastoplastic model known as the cohesive zone model (CZM). Results of Direct Circular Slotted Disc tests were obtained in laboratory and interpreted by numerical simulations using the discrete element method, with good results. The sensitivity of model response with respect to various mechanical parameters, such as the Young s modulus (E), the tensile strength (RT) and the fracture energy (Gf) was also analyzed. This last parameter (Gf) was obtained considering the area under the traction-displacement curve from the Crack Mouth Opening Displacement (CMOD) test. The analyses were carried out considering the body as a homogeneous material, assigning to all particles identical properties. The 2D numerical model was analyzed using the commercial software PFC2D based on the discrete element method (MED). [pt] METODO DO ELEMENTO FINITO [pt] PFC-2D [pt] MODELAGEM NUMERICO [pt] PROCESSO DE ZONA DE FRATURA [pt] TRINCAMENTO DE PAVIMENTOS [pt] MISTURAS ASFALTICAS [pt] PROPAGACAO DE TRINCAS [en] FINITE ELEMENT METHOD [en] PFC2D [en] NUMERICAL MODELING [en] FRACTURING PROCESS ZONE [en] CRACKING OF PAVEMENTS [en] ASPHALT MIXTURES [en] CRACK PROPAGATION
309	Kurz- und langfristige Angebotskurven für Rohöl und die Konsequenzen für den Markt Schlothmann, Daniel 20 April 2016 (has links) (PDF) In dieser Arbeit wurden Angebotskurven für 22 bedeutende Ölförderländer ermittelt und anschließend zu globalen Angebotskurven aggregiert. Gemäß den ermittelten Angebotskurven sind nahezu alle gegenwärtig in der Förderphase befindlichen Ölprojekte in den Untersuchungsländern auch beim aktuellen Ölpreis von 35 bis 40 US-$ je Barrel unter Berücksichtigung der kurzfristigen Grenzkosten rentabel. Sollte der Ölpreis jedoch in den kommenden Jahren auf diesem Niveau verharren, wird es bis zum Jahr 2024 zu einem Angebotsengpass auf dem globalen Ölmarkt kommen, da zur Deckung der zukünftigen Nachfrage die Erschließung kostenintensiver, unkonventioneller Lagerstätten und von Lagerstätten in tiefen und sehr tiefen Gewässern notwendig ist. Damit es bis zum Jahr 2024 nicht zu einem solchen Angebotsengpass kommt, ist gemäß des ermittelten langfristigen Marktgleichgewichts ein Ölpreis von mindestens 80 (2014er) US-$ je Barrel notwendig. Ölmarkt Ölangebot Ölpreis Angebotskurven Grenzkosten Ölförderung Ölprojekte konventionelle Ölförderung unkonventionelle Ölförderung Schweröl. Schwerstöl Ölsand Schieferöl Ölschiefer Tight Oil Offshore Onshore Tiefwasser Fördermethoden in-situ mining Tagebau Fracking EOR Enhanced Oil Recovery hydraulic fracturing Exploration Erschließung Förderung OPEC Algerien Angola Ecuador Iran Irak Libyen Nigeria Katar Kuwait Saudi-Arabien Vereinigte Arabische Emirate Venezuela USA Kanada Mexiko Brasilien Großbritannien Norwegen Aserbaidschan Kasachstan Russland China oil market oil supply supply curves marginal costs oil production oil projects conventional oil unconventional oil extra heavy oil oil sands tight oil shale oil oil shale offshore onshore pre-salt in-situ mining hydraulic fracturing EOR enhanced oil recovery exploration development production OPEC Algeria Angola Ecuador Iran Iraq Libya Qatar Kuwait Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Venezuela United States Canada Mexico Brazil United Kingdom Norway Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Russia China ddc:330 rvk:QR 534 Welt Erdöllagerstätte Erdölproduktion Fördermenge Erdölangebot Erdölpreis Erdölweltmarkt Grenzkosten Marktgleichgewicht Preissteigerung Erdölbohrung Tagebau Fracking Ölsand Schieferöl
310	Kurz- und langfristige Angebotskurven für Rohöl und die Konsequenzen für den Markt Schlothmann, Daniel 08 March 2016 (has links) In dieser Arbeit wurden Angebotskurven für 22 bedeutende Ölförderländer ermittelt und anschließend zu globalen Angebotskurven aggregiert. Gemäß den ermittelten Angebotskurven sind nahezu alle gegenwärtig in der Förderphase befindlichen Ölprojekte in den Untersuchungsländern auch beim aktuellen Ölpreis von 35 bis 40 US-$ je Barrel unter Berücksichtigung der kurzfristigen Grenzkosten rentabel. Sollte der Ölpreis jedoch in den kommenden Jahren auf diesem Niveau verharren, wird es bis zum Jahr 2024 zu einem Angebotsengpass auf dem globalen Ölmarkt kommen, da zur Deckung der zukünftigen Nachfrage die Erschließung kostenintensiver, unkonventioneller Lagerstätten und von Lagerstätten in tiefen und sehr tiefen Gewässern notwendig ist. Damit es bis zum Jahr 2024 nicht zu einem solchen Angebotsengpass kommt, ist gemäß des ermittelten langfristigen Marktgleichgewichts ein Ölpreis von mindestens 80 (2014er) US-$ je Barrel notwendig.:1. Einleitung 2. Rohöl - Eine naturwissenschaftliche Einführung 3. Charakteristika von Rohölprojekten 4. Historie der Ölindustrie 5. Ökonomik von Rohölprojekten 6. Fallstudien zu den bedeutendsten Förderländern 7. Ermittlung regionaler und globaler Angebotskurven 8. Zusammenfassung info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330 ddc:330

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