This research aims to examine, from an interdisciplinary study that correlates Law, Education, Sociology, and other related areas, entry into the Federal University of Santa Maria through the Affirmative Action Program of Racial and Social Inclusion. Brazil has been noted historically for being a country where the socio-racial inequalities prevail, either by poor and inadequate income distribution, coupled with the absence of effective public policies, or even because of a discriminatory national culture. In addition to these findings, first, an approach will be made-by focusing on the right to education on the importance, impact and repercussions of International Human Rights Treaties incorporated into the Brazilian legislation. In a second stage, once situated the right to education in parental normative ordering, given the controversies established around the fundamentality of social rights in Brazil, will discuss up-while the humanitarian and democratic rule of law, based on the principle model of human dignity, of the effectiveness, concreteness and enforceability of these values in the face of the defaulting Government. Finally, in this scenario, neoconstitucionalista, will address about the Program Racial and Social inclusion adopted by the Federal University of Santa Maria, in order to reflect and evaluate, from the perspective of the principle of substantive equality, the core element of the decision Supreme Court which, in the judgment of action breach of fundamental precept paragraph nº.186-2/DF declared, in 2012, the constitutionality of the quota system in education, the documents that led to Resolution N. 011/07, which established in the Affirmative UFSM Program, aimed at the domestic level design perspective and concomitantly, demonstrating the positions of the Directors Council of Education Research and Extension, which best make compatible with the Brazilian socio-educational and constitutional order. / A presente pesquisa objetiva analisar, a partir de um estudo interdisciplinar, que correlaciona Direito, Educação, Sociologia, e outras áreas afins, o ingresso na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria através do Programa de Ações Afirmativas de Inclusão Racial e Social. O Brasil tem se notabilizado, historicamente, por ser um país onde as desigualdades sociorraciais imperam, seja pela má e inadequada distribuição de renda, associada à ausência de políticas públicas efetivas, ou mesmo, em virtude de uma cultura nacional discriminatória. A par destas constatações, primeiramente, far-se-á uma abordagem, tendo como foco o direito à educação, acerca da importância, impacto e repercussão dos Tratados Internacionais de Direitos Humanos incorporados à legislação brasileira. Num segundo estágio, uma vez situado o direito à educação no ordenamento normativo pátrio, diante das controvérsias estabelecidas em torno da fundamentalidade dos direitos sociais no Brasil, discorrer-se-á, ao passo do Estado Democrático e Humanitário de Direito, modelo alicerçado no princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, a respeito da efetividade, concretude e exigibilidade desses valores em face o Poder Público. Por fim, neste cenário, neoconstitucionalista, debruçar-se-á sobre o Programa de Inclusão Racial e Social adotado pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, com vistas a refletir e avaliar, sob a ótica do princípio da igualdade material, elemento nuclear da decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal que, no julgamento da Ação de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental nº. 186-2/DF declarou, no ano de 2012, a constitucionalidade do sistema de cotas na educação, os documentos que deram origem a Resolução N. 011/07, que instituiu na UFSM o Programa Afirmativo, visando projetar perspectivas no âmbito interno, e concomitantemente, demonstrar as posições dos Conselheir@s do Conselho de Ensino Pesquisa e Extensão, CEPE, que melhor se compatibilizam com a ordem constitucional e socioeducacional brasileira.

Asylum seekers are a socially excluded migrant population, presenting specific healthcare needs, which are often not acknowledged, nor properly addressed by national and European laws. Hailing from areas with poor sanitary attention, exposed to violence during the journey, they arrive to Italy with a high health vulnerability. The aim of this thesis is to find the discrepancies between the legislation providing healthcare access to the asylum seekers, in compliance with the fundamental human rights, and the practical healthcare responses in the Italian context of the North African Emergency (2011-2013), relying on a systematic literature review. The emergency-driven responses to the asylum inflow resulted in a heterogeneous reception and healthcare assistance, as the Italian asylum legislation focuses more on asylum procedures than healthcare, which remains regionally fragmented too. Asylum seekers faced discrimination and barriers in accessing healthcare, mainly due to information, linguistic and bureaucratic difficulties. Therefore, NGOs and associations intervened locally to fill the gap left by the institutional response, with a better focus on the social determinants of health and the importance of social integration as well. After 2013, better reception conditions were formulated and the legislation revised. However, the difference between legislation and practice on the asylum seekers healthcare access constitutes a human rights violation still present nowadays. Clearer approaches should be developed to address the issue uniformly.

Text in Afrikaans / "Free people expect much from their police. In such societies the police stand at the point of balance on the one hand securing human rights on the other exercising their lawful powers given to them by Governments in the name of the people, to protect people and their institutions" (J Alderson Human Rights and Police Rights. Publication of the Council of Europe.) This is no small expectation. It means that the police are expected to maintain and secure the principles of democracy and human rights, the principles upon which our Constitution is based. At the same time it is the duty of a police service to maintain law and order which sometimes require the exercise of power and the use of force which on the face of it may appear to violate human dignity and certain rights and freedoms which a police force is expected to maintain in a democratic society. The manner of exercising that power has an impact on the credibility and effectiveness of the police. Human rights law internationally accepts that a police service needs to be given the power to, at times restrict certain individual freedoms in the interests of the security of the community at large. These restrictions may take place only in a constitutional way. If it takes place in an unconstitutional way the courts must have the right to exclude evidence which is unconstitutionally obtained. At this stage the courts have to formulate such a qualified exclusionary rule, but the ultimate goal must be to include such an exclusionary rule in a future Constitution. / Department of Criminal & Procedural Law / LL.M.

Estudo dos benefícios previdenciários por incapacidade sob o prisma dos direitos humanos fundamentais sociais, com enfoque na garantia de sua máxima efetividade possível em termos de concretização, como princípio jurídico. Importância cada vez maior do tema, tendo em vista o aumento de sua litigiosidade, atualmente responsável pelo maior número de ações ajuizadas e em trâmite junto aos Juizados Especiais Federais da Terceira Região. Utilização dos métodos dedutivo e interdisciplinar de estudo, com ênfase nos enfoques histórico, político, filosófico, social e jurídico. Análise dos direitos humanos fundamentais sob o prisma da Teoria Crítica (Escola de Frankfurt) e do pós-positivismo (neoconstitucionalismo concretista; força normativa da constituição), levando-se em conta sua evolução histórica, bem como a evolução dos modelos de Estado, dos ordenamentos jurídicos e da própria sociedade ao longo dos séculos. Conclusão pela existência de um regime jurídico único de proteção de todos os direitos humanos fundamentais, de nível constitucional, bem como de seu caráter universalizante, fruto de longo processo de lutas pelo reconhecimento do ser humano como sujeito de direitos e da sacralização da pessoa humana, alçada ao centro dos ordenamentos jurídicos estatais. Reflexos de tais constatações na via jurisdicional, mediante a garantia de plena justiciabilidade dos direitos humanos fundamentais, com ênfase nos direitos sociais. Inserção do direito a previdência social dentre os direitos humanos fundamentais sociais, com assento constitucional (art. 201 , I). Necessidade de seu estudo a partir da análise das contingências sociais elencadas constitucionalmente e em lei como objeto de proteção estatal. Aglutinação das prestações previdenciárias em torno de cada contingência social , com a formação de um regime jurídico único de proteção. Enfoque na continggência social da incapacidade laboral. incapacidade laboral decorrente de doença e/ou acidente, objeto do presente estudo. Aglutinação dos três benefícios previdenciários por incapacidade (aposentadoria por invalidez, auxílio-doença e auxílio-acidente) em um regime jurídico protetivo único, caracterizado pela fungibilidade ontológica entre eles. Necessidade de garantia da prestação adequada ao caso concreto, sem exigências de prévia definição acerca do grau e alcance da incapacidade laboral do trabalhador segurado. Reflexos de tais constatações sobre as demandas previdenciárias por incapacidade laboral, com ênfase na garantia da proteção jurisdicional ao direito humano fundamental social. Escopo principal de desenvolvimento de uma teoria geral voltada à proteção dos benefícios previdenciários por incapacidade, notadamente pela via jurisdicional , como medida de estímulo ao debate acadêmico e desenvolvimento destes estudos, com ganhos em termos de fundamentação e coerência. Fomento, outrossim, a uma análise sistemática e coerente de tais benefícios pelo Poder Judiciário, com o abandono da análise casuística e pontual levada a efeito até hoje Direito do Trabalho e da Seguridade Social. / Study of the incapacity benefits through the prism of social fundamental human rights, with a focus on ensuring the maximum possible effectiveness in their implementation, as a legal principle. Growing importance of the issue, given the increase in their litigation, currently responsible for the largest number of lawsuits fi1ed and pending with the Federal Special Courts of the Third Region. Use of deductive and interdisciplinary study methods, emphasizing the historical, political, philosophical, social and legal approaches. Analysis of fundamental human rights from the perspective of Critical Theory (Frankfurt School) and post-positivism (concretist neoconstitutionalism; normative force of the constitution), taking into account its historical evolution and the evolution of state models, of legal system and society itself over the centuries. Conclusion by the existence of a unified legal regime for the protection of all fundamental human rights, at constitutional level, as well as its universalizing character, as a result of long process of struggles for recognition ofthe human being as a subject ofrights and the sacredness ofthe human person, raised to the center of state legal systems. Reflections of those findings in the judicial process, by ensuring full justiciability of fundamental human rights, with emphasis on social rights. Insertion of the right to social security among the social fundamental human rights, with constitutional provision (art. 201, 1). Need for their study from the analysis of social contingencies listed constitutionalIy and in law as state protection object. Agglutination of social security benefits around each social contingency, with the formation of a unified legal regime of protection. Focus on social contingency of incapacity due to illness and/or accident, the present study object. Agglutination of the three incapacity benefits (disability retirement, sickness and accident alIowance) in a unified protective legal regime, characterized by ontological fungibility between them. Need to ensure the appropriate benefit to the case, without requiring prior definition of the extent and scope of the incapacity of the insured worker. Reflections of such findings on the judicial claims for incapacity, emphasizing the guarantee of judicial protection to the social fundamental human right. Principal aim of developing a general theory focused on the protection of incapacity benefits, notably by judicial process, as a stimulus to the academic debate and development of these studies, with gains in terms of reasoning and coherence. Promoting, moreover, a systematic and coherent analysis of such benefits by the judiciary, with the abandonment of the casuistic and punctual analysis carried out to date.

Estudo dos benefícios previdenciários por incapacidade sob o prisma dos direitos humanos fundamentais sociais, com enfoque na garantia de sua máxima efetividade possível em termos de concretização, como princípio jurídico. Importância cada vez maior do tema, tendo em vista o aumento de sua litigiosidade, atualmente responsável pelo maior número de ações ajuizadas e em trâmite junto aos Juizados Especiais Federais da Terceira Região. Utilização dos métodos dedutivo e interdisciplinar de estudo, com ênfase nos enfoques histórico, político, filosófico, social e jurídico. Análise dos direitos humanos fundamentais sob o prisma da Teoria Crítica (Escola de Frankfurt) e do pós-positivismo (neoconstitucionalismo concretista; força normativa da constituição), levando-se em conta sua evolução histórica, bem como a evolução dos modelos de Estado, dos ordenamentos jurídicos e da própria sociedade ao longo dos séculos. Conclusão pela existência de um regime jurídico único de proteção de todos os direitos humanos fundamentais, de nível constitucional, bem como de seu caráter universalizante, fruto de longo processo de lutas pelo reconhecimento do ser humano como sujeito de direitos e da sacralização da pessoa humana, alçada ao centro dos ordenamentos jurídicos estatais. Reflexos de tais constatações na via jurisdicional, mediante a garantia de plena justiciabilidade dos direitos humanos fundamentais, com ênfase nos direitos sociais. Inserção do direito a previdência social dentre os direitos humanos fundamentais sociais, com assento constitucional (art. 201 , I). Necessidade de seu estudo a partir da análise das contingências sociais elencadas constitucionalmente e em lei como objeto de proteção estatal. Aglutinação das prestações previdenciárias em torno de cada contingência social , com a formação de um regime jurídico único de proteção. Enfoque na continggência social da incapacidade laboral. incapacidade laboral decorrente de doença e/ou acidente, objeto do presente estudo. Aglutinação dos três benefícios previdenciários por incapacidade (aposentadoria por invalidez, auxílio-doença e auxílio-acidente) em um regime jurídico protetivo único, caracterizado pela fungibilidade ontológica entre eles. Necessidade de garantia da prestação adequada ao caso concreto, sem exigências de prévia definição acerca do grau e alcance da incapacidade laboral do trabalhador segurado. Reflexos de tais constatações sobre as demandas previdenciárias por incapacidade laboral, com ênfase na garantia da proteção jurisdicional ao direito humano fundamental social. Escopo principal de desenvolvimento de uma teoria geral voltada à proteção dos benefícios previdenciários por incapacidade, notadamente pela via jurisdicional , como medida de estímulo ao debate acadêmico e desenvolvimento destes estudos, com ganhos em termos de fundamentação e coerência. Fomento, outrossim, a uma análise sistemática e coerente de tais benefícios pelo Poder Judiciário, com o abandono da análise casuística e pontual levada a efeito até hoje Direito do Trabalho e da Seguridade Social. / Study of the incapacity benefits through the prism of social fundamental human rights, with a focus on ensuring the maximum possible effectiveness in their implementation, as a legal principle. Growing importance of the issue, given the increase in their litigation, currently responsible for the largest number of lawsuits fi1ed and pending with the Federal Special Courts of the Third Region. Use of deductive and interdisciplinary study methods, emphasizing the historical, political, philosophical, social and legal approaches. Analysis of fundamental human rights from the perspective of Critical Theory (Frankfurt School) and post-positivism (concretist neoconstitutionalism; normative force of the constitution), taking into account its historical evolution and the evolution of state models, of legal system and society itself over the centuries. Conclusion by the existence of a unified legal regime for the protection of all fundamental human rights, at constitutional level, as well as its universalizing character, as a result of long process of struggles for recognition ofthe human being as a subject ofrights and the sacredness ofthe human person, raised to the center of state legal systems. Reflections of those findings in the judicial process, by ensuring full justiciability of fundamental human rights, with emphasis on social rights. Insertion of the right to social security among the social fundamental human rights, with constitutional provision (art. 201, 1). Need for their study from the analysis of social contingencies listed constitutionalIy and in law as state protection object. Agglutination of social security benefits around each social contingency, with the formation of a unified legal regime of protection. Focus on social contingency of incapacity due to illness and/or accident, the present study object. Agglutination of the three incapacity benefits (disability retirement, sickness and accident alIowance) in a unified protective legal regime, characterized by ontological fungibility between them. Need to ensure the appropriate benefit to the case, without requiring prior definition of the extent and scope of the incapacity of the insured worker. Reflections of such findings on the judicial claims for incapacity, emphasizing the guarantee of judicial protection to the social fundamental human right. Principal aim of developing a general theory focused on the protection of incapacity benefits, notably by judicial process, as a stimulus to the academic debate and development of these studies, with gains in terms of reasoning and coherence. Promoting, moreover, a systematic and coherent analysis of such benefits by the judiciary, with the abandonment of the casuistic and punctual analysis carried out to date.

Text in Afrikaans / "Free people expect much from their police. In such societies the police stand at the point of balance on the one hand securing human rights on the other exercising their lawful powers given to them by Governments in the name of the people, to protect people and their institutions" (J Alderson Human Rights and Police Rights. Publication of the Council of Europe.) This is no small expectation. It means that the police are expected to maintain and secure the principles of democracy and human rights, the principles upon which our Constitution is based. At the same time it is the duty of a police service to maintain law and order which sometimes require the exercise of power and the use of force which on the face of it may appear to violate human dignity and certain rights and freedoms which a police force is expected to maintain in a democratic society. The manner of exercising that power has an impact on the credibility and effectiveness of the police. Human rights law internationally accepts that a police service needs to be given the power to, at times restrict certain individual freedoms in the interests of the security of the community at large. These restrictions may take place only in a constitutional way. If it takes place in an unconstitutional way the courts must have the right to exclude evidence which is unconstitutionally obtained. At this stage the courts have to formulate such a qualified exclusionary rule, but the ultimate goal must be to include such an exclusionary rule in a future Constitution. / Department of Criminal and Procedural Law / LL.M.

This study analyzes how fear is the main emotion after personal freedom is restricted in an initial short-term incarceration in a holding cell. The theoretical part is divided into legal, psychological and ethical parts. The legal section describes the particular rights and responsibilities of individuals who are limited in their fundamental rights and freedoms after being detained by the Law Enforcement of the Czech Republic. Secondarily the individual state rights based on legislatives standards are also reviewed in this section, in respect to effects on a citizens rights and freedoms. The following section discusses the possible psychological and ethical effects. The field investigation part was conducted by a controlled research investigations using interviews with individuals currently in police custody. The research focuses on the actual emotional experience of fear incarceration.

The thesis investigates social workers' interpretation and approach to quality standards of social services, both in terms of lived experience, and in terms of individual concepts and understanding of the workers themselves, especially with regard to their experience in a particular organization. The thesis also deals with the interpretation and approach of social workers to the protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms of clients in quality standards. The thesis theoretically describes and depicts the current situation regarding quality standards and the forthcoming changes. Interpretations and approaches to quality standards are investigated by the analysis of interviews with social workers on this issue. The thesis deals with the protection of human rights in social services and their guarantee in the form of selected quality standards, and examines quality standards in terms of values, rights and freedoms of clients that they are protecting. This work describes whether and how social workers perceive values, human rights and freedoms that are behind quality standards of social services and how they interpret them and use them in their practice, as evidenced by opinions of the social workers. Quality Standards of social services are also investigated in terms of ethics, particularly ethical values and analyzes the approach of social workers to quality standards.

Les raisons impérieuses d’intérêt général en droit de l’Union européenne sont des intérêts permettant la justification de restrictions aux différentes libertés de circulation. Ces raisons impérieuses sont donc un mode de justification. Un mode de justification essentiellement prétorien car c’est la Cour de justice qui l’a théorisé. Elle a instauré ces raisons dans l’arrêt Cassis de Dijon, étendu leur application à toutes les libertés de circulation et encadré cette application. Ainsi, ces raisons impérieuses sont soumises à la volonté de la Cour et à ses incertitudes. Par conséquent, si la jurisprudence est incertaine concernant les intérêts qualifiés de raisons impérieuses d’intérêt général voire contradictoire à propos des conditions liées aux raisons impérieuses, les raisons impérieuses d’intérêt général sont un mode de justification par essence prétorien. D’ailleurs, si certains textes de droit de l’Union européenne reprennent la théorie élaborée par la Cour de justice, ils restent vraiment fidèles à la jurisprudence. Ces textes, aussi bien de droit primaire que de droit dérivé, reprennent des éléments essentiels de la théorie des raisons impérieuses d’intérêt général et notamment les conditions élaborées par la Cour. Ces textes copient aussi les imperfections prétoriennes concernant la théorie des raisons impérieuses. On va même jusqu’à avoir une frontière entre les raisons impérieuses et les autres modes de justification tout aussi floue dans les textes que dans la jurisprudence de la Cour. Ainsi, malgré la reprise de la théorie des raisons impérieuses dans des textes, ce mode de justification reste par essence jurisprudentiel. / The mandatory requirements in the European Union law are reasons who can justify restrictions to the differents freedom of movements. So, those mandatory requirements are a justification method. An essentially jurisprudential justification method because it is the Court of justice who theorized it. It established thoses reasons in the Cassis de Dijon case, extended their application to every free movements and regulated their application. So, those mandatory requirements are also subject to the will of the Court and to its uncertainties. Therefore, if the jurisprudence is uncertain about interests named as mandatory requirements and even conflicting about its conditions, the mandatory requirements are an essentially jurisprudential justification method. Although, if some European Union law texts resume the jurisprudential made theory, they are truly loyal to the jurisprudence. Those texts, both primary and secondary law, pick up essential elements of the theory, in particular the conditions created by the Court. But those texts also copy the Courts imperfections about the theory. They even have a border between mandatory requirements and other justification methods equally blurred in the texts and in the jurisprudence. Thus, despite the retake of the theory of mandatory requirements in texts, this justification method stays essentially jurisprudential.

Notre projet vise à mesurer l’impact de l’interdiction du harcèlement psychologique au travail sur les droits de direction de l’entreprise au Québec (art.81.18 et s., L.n.t ), comme dans ce domaine d’autres pays se sont illustrés en tant que pionniers par l’instauration d’un cadre législatif interdisant le harcèlement moral au travail et par souci d’avoir une vision plus globale du phénomène, nous avons trouvé utile d’aborder le sujet sous une approche de droit comparé, analysant simultanément les droits français, belge et québécois. En effet, pour contrer la violence en milieu de travail, sur le plan légal, la Belgique et la France ont interdit les actes de harcèlement et leur répétition, en modifiant et en ajoutant des dispositions pénales dans leurs lois du travail respectives. Le Québec a agi dans le même sens en modifiant sa Loi sur les normes du travail . Toutes ces normes ont en commun d’instaurer un régime de protection en faveur du salarié victime de harcèlement psychologique ou moral. Le fondement de cette protection procède pour une grande part de la promotion des droits fondamentaux de la personne dans l’ordre juridique interne. À titre d’exemple, en droit européen, le harcèlement moral au travail est considéré comme une forme de discrimination portant atteinte au principe d’égalité de traitement en matière d’emploi et de travail . Or, on sait que « la raison d’être principale du droit du travail », ainsi que le soulignent Pierre Verge et Guylaine Vallée, « est de limiter le pouvoir que possède l’employeur sur le salarié » , lequel se manifeste à travers ses droits de direction . Ces droits concèdent à l’employeur une large marge de manœuvre dans la conduite de ses affaires. Il peut ainsi « effectuer des changements de structures de l’entreprise ou d’organisation de travail, modifier les procédés de production, implanter et utiliser des nouvelles technologies, réduire la production ainsi que la main-d’œuvre, etc.» . Il peut aussi prendre toute mesure disciplinaire, y compris congédier tout salarié qui ne se soumettra pas à ses ordres. Comme on le voit, dans plusieurs domaines liés à la gestion de son organisation, l’employeur a longtemps décidé librement . Ainsi, soulever la question de l’interdiction du harcèlement psychologique ou moral au travail sans tenir compte des droits de direction de l’employeur semble remettre en question sa liberté quant à la régulation de son entreprise . Notre objectif en abordant le sujet est de comprendre les justifications qui sous-tendent cette intervention de l’État dans un domaine qui jusqu’alors n’était pas spécifiquement ciblé par le droit et l’impact de cette interdiction sur les droits de direction, afin de confirmer ou infirmer notre hypothèse d’une dynamique de mutation normative interne de l’entreprise impulsée par cette interdiction. Pour y parvenir, nous ferons appel à la méthode d’analyse jurisprudentielle et doctrinale infléchie toutefois par une perspective sociojuridique. Celle-ci nous permettra de comprendre s’il y a eu une transformation de la nature des droits de direction eu égard à la nouvelle donne. Si oui, comment et dans quelle(s) mesure (s), sinon, pourquoi ? / Our project aims to measure the impact of the prohibition of psychological harassment at work on the company's management rights in Quebec (art.81.18 and seq., L.n.t). Moreover, as in this area other countries have distinguished themselves as pioneers by the introduction of a legislative framework prohibiting bullying at work and for the sake of having a more global vision of the phenomenon, we have found it useful to approach the subject under a comparative law approach, simultaneously analyzing French, Belgian and Quebec law. Indeed, to counter violence in the workplace, legally, Belgium and France have banned acts of harassment and their repetition, by amending and adding penal provisions in their respective labor laws. Quebec has moved in the same direction by amending its labor standards act. All these standards have in common the establishment of a protection regime for employees who are victims of psychological or moral harassment. The basis of this protection is to a large extent the promotion of fundamental human rights in the domestic legal order. For example, in European law, workplace bullying is considered to be a form of discrimination that undermines the principle of equal treatment in employment and occupation. However, we know that the main raison d'être of labor law as emphasized by Pierre Verge and Guylaine Vallée, is to limit the power that the employer has over the employee, which manifests itself through his rights of direction. These rights effectively grant the employer a wide margin of maneuver in the conduct of its business. He can thus «affect changes in company structures or work organization, modify production processes, implement and use new technologies, reduce production and labor force, etc. » He can also take any disciplinary measure, including dismissing any employee who does not comply with his orders. As we can see, in several areas related to the management of his organization, the employer has long decided freely. Thus, raising the question of psychological or moral harassment at work seems to question the power that the employer has to freely regulate his business. Our objective in approaching the subject is to understand the justifications underlying this intervention of the state in a field that until then was not specifically targeted by the law and the impact of this prohibition on the rights of direction so as to confirm or refute our hypothesis of a dynamics of internal normative change of the company impelled by this prohibition. To achieve this, we will use the method of jurisprudential and doctrinal analysis inflected by a socio-legal perspective. This will enable us to understand whether there has been a change in the nature of management rights in light of the new situation. If so, how, and in what measure (s)? If not why?