Abstract   The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to shed light on, explain, and problematize women’s and men’s paths both to and within the profession of engineer. Computer and mechanical engineers are in focus and the overarching issues that this thesis attempts to answer are: How can women’s and men’s paths to the profession of engineer be explained and what has governed/motivated their choice of education? How do women’s and men’s career patterns look in professional life, and how can these patterns be explained?   This study is based on a social-constructivistic approach, entailing a focus on how choices of education and profession have been negotiated through social and cultural practices, norms, and values. The thesis combines work science research with research into the gender and technology fields. In particular, the relationships between gender, technology, and labour market gender segregation are of key importance in this thesis. The four part studies of the thesis are based on three qualitative studies and on one quantitative study. The qualitative studies consist of interview surveys with a total of 24 computer and mechanical engineers and 22 IT consultants. The quantitative survey is an exhaustive survey of 3,662 working IT engineers.   My studies show that the career patterns of women and men in the profession of engineer differ. Men’s paths both to and within the profession tend to be “straight” while women’s are often “winding”. The thesis shows that historically established, often stereotypical, conceptions of gender contribute towards recreating these different paths for women and men. At the same time, tendencies towards change are indicated. This is made visible through a gradually changing view of both father- and parenthood, which in and of itself is creating new prerequisites for women and men in working life. In concluding, the thesis proposes a new term, technology career, as an analytical tool for continued studies of gender segregation in technology and engineering professions. The aim in using this term is to capture the social complexity and cultural dynamic as regards how technology and gender are co-produced. / ”Jag har ju en yngre bror som har stöttat mig i det här. Han har ju samma utbildning som jag men han valde ju rätt med en gång [   ] han gick mera den raka vägen än min krokiga.”   Såhär säger Kristina om sin väg till ingenjörsutbildningen och till ingenjörsyrket. Till skillnad från hennes yngre bror var hennes väg ”krokig”, medan hans var ”rak”. Denna avhandling tar sig an den könssegregering i ingenjörsutbildningar och i ingenjörsyrket som Kristinas berättelse återspeglar. I fokus står data- och maskingenjörer. Detta är två av de mest könssegregerade ingenjörsgrenarna, och betraktas ofta som ”mansyrken”. Genom såväl kvalitativa intervjuer med ingenjörer och en kvantitativ totalundersökning av över 3000 ingenjörers karriärmönster, undersöker avhandlingen vilka tecken på förändring som syns i ingenjörsyrkets könssegregering. Vilka är hindren för kvinnor att ta plats inom yrket, och vilka möjligheter finns?   Line Holth är forskare i arbetsvetenskap och verksam vid Handelshögskolan och Centrum för genusforskning vid Karlstads universitet. Detta är hennes doktorsavhandling.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Research was conducted using hermeneutic-phenomenology and semi-structure interviews to explore and understand the lived experience of women veterans of the Canadian Forces. Women recently entered Canadian military combat positions, taking on a profession historically exclusively occupied by men. Due to the lack of research on women veterans of the Canadian Forces, knowledge was drawn from research about women in nontraditional work, American paramilitary and military occupations, as well as an historical review of women’s involvement in the Canadian Forces, to provide context to the research themes. Participants comprised of 6 women veterans who described 11 essential and 4 significant themes. Unique contributions to literature include essential themes such as, Slut or a lesbian, take your pick, Proving I’m good enough, Trying to be treated better, Got some support, Visible and singled out, Perpetual outsider, Given gender based tasks or opportunities, and Women demeaned. Suggestions for future studies and implications for counselling practice are discussed.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-09-25T22:51:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) yasmine_karina_sotomayor_torres.pdf: 1818950 bytes, checksum: 0adcc85d2666195b25db2a64679fe4ef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-10-09T13:50:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) yasmine_karina_sotomayor_torres.pdf: 1818950 bytes, checksum: 0adcc85d2666195b25db2a64679fe4ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-09T13:50:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) yasmine_karina_sotomayor_torres.pdf: 1818950 bytes, checksum: 0adcc85d2666195b25db2a64679fe4ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / O processo da gravidez e do nascimento (PGN) ? ainda considerado como uma fun??o da mulher. Isso geralmente ? influenciado pelo determinismo biol?gico que permite ? mulher engravidar e ter filhos. Embora, ? indispens?vel reconhecer que esse processo, desde o seu inicio, tamb?m envolve diretamente ao homem. Mas, al?m do biol?gico, aquela assina??o feminina que se d? ao PGN, tem uma forte influ?ncia social, donde os estere?tipos de g?nero tradicionais cumprem um papel determinante. Neste sentido valorizando a import?ncia do envolvimento do homem no dito processo, foi realizada a presente pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa. O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar as representa??es sociais sobre o homem no processo da gravidez e do nascimento do filho (a), considerando os personagens envolvidos: homem, mulher e profissional de sa?de. A pesquisa foi realizada na maternidade do Hospital Nossa Senhora da Sa?de da cidade de Diamantina. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas nos 17 participantes, dos quais foram 5 mulheres/m?es, 5 homens/pa?s e 7 profissionais de sa?de; sendo esse n?mero definido em cada grupo por o crit?rio de satura??o. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e submetidas ? an?lise de conte?do, juntamente com os dados obtidos pela observa??o participante que foi a segunda t?cnica de recolec??o de dados. O analise de conte?do permitiu identificar quatro grandes categorias: Estere?tipos de g?nero, profissionais de sa?de e a participa??o do homem, fatores externos na participa??o do homem e benef?cios da participa??o do homem, no PGN respectivamente. Em sentido geral o PGN tem ainda a representa??o de ser de responsabilidade e participa??o basicamente feminina. Isso ? mais evidente em etapas relacionadas ao planejamento familiar e durante a gravidez, pois durante o parto e o nascimento percebe-se certa aproxima??o na participa??o do homem, mais enfatizando sua presencia como s?mbolo de companhia, fortaleza e seguran?a para a m?e. Evidencia-se que os estere?tipos de g?nero tradicionais, aqueles que refor?am a ideia de que o processo em quest?o ? de responsabilidade basicamente feminina e que desligam ao homem dos cuidados e da assist?ncia sanit?ria que envolve esse processo, est?o fortemente arraigados n?o s? nos homens, m?s tamb?m nas mulheres e nos mesmos profissionais de sa?de participantes, que ?s vezes refor?am esses estere?tipos no seu agir profissional. Um aspecto relevante que surgiu na presente pesquisa ? que o trabalho de parto e o parto s?o cen?rios de confronta??o, ambival?ncia e dualidade para os homens, pois convergem dois tipos de masculinidade. Assim por um lado ? um cen?rio que replica algumas caracter?sticas da masculinidade hegem?nica: o homem como s?mbolo de fortaleza e seguran?a. Por outro lado ? uma etapa muito sens?vel, que permite que os homens demostrem alguns sentimentos como medo, dor e inseguran?a, carater?sticas que v?o ? contra da masculinidade tradicional, mais que oferece uma janela de mudan?a da masculinidade hegem?nica fortemente mantida na sociedade. Nesse contexto, ? importante que os profissionais de sa?de, tornem-se agentes de mudan?a e promovam partos mais humanizados e acolhedores, considerando como ponto chave a perspectiva de g?nero nesse processo, mas tamb?m na sa?de sexual e reprodutiva em geral. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The pregnancy and birth process (PBP) are still considered as women function. This generally is influenced by the biological determinism that has the woman during the pregnancy, of having children . Nevertheless, it is indispensable to admit that this process, from his beginning, also involves directly the man. But, besides the biological thing, the PBP has a strong social influence as famenine assignment, where the traditional gender stereotypes are still determinant. In this respect, valuing the importance of involving the man in this process, there was realized the present qualitative boarding investigation. The present study had as analyze the social representations of the man in the process of the pregnancy and the birth of his/her children, considering the prominent figures: man, woman and health professional. The investigation was realized in the Hospital Nossa Senhora da Sa?de in the city of Diamantina, Brazil. There were realized semistructured interviews in 17 participants, of which they were 5 women / mothers, 5 men / father and 7 health professionals; being this number defined by the saturation criterion. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and submitted to the analysis of content, nitedly with the information obtain edby the observation participant, who was the second technique of compilation of information. The analysis of contental lowed to identify four big categories: Gender Stereotypes, health professionals, external factors, and benefits of the men participation in the PBP respectively. In general sense the PBP it has still there presentation of being of feminine responsibility. This is more evident in stages related to the familiar planning during the pregnancy, so during the child birthand the birth certain men approximation is perceived, but emphasizing that presence as a symbol of company, strength and security for women. There is demonstrated that the traditional gender stereotypes, those that reinforce the idea of that the process in question is basically feminine responsibility and left men out of the care sand sanitary assistance involved in this process. These ideas are strongly deep-rooted not only in men, but also in women, and health professionals participants, who sometimes reinforce these stereotypes in their sanitary activity. One relevant aspect that emerged in the present investigation is that labor and delivery itself are scenarios of confrontation, ambivalence and duality for men, since two types of masculinity converge. Thus, on the one hand, it is a scenario that replicates some characteristics of hegemonic masculinity: man as a symbol of strength and security. On the other hand is a very sensitive stage, which allows men to show some feelings such as fear, pain, insecurity, characteristics that go against traditional masculinity, but offers a window of change of hegemonic masculinity that is Strongly maintained in society. In this context, it is important that health professionals become agents of change and promote more humanized and welcoming deliveries, considering as a key point the gender perspective in this process, as well as in sexual and reproductive health in general. / El proceso del embarazo e del nacimiento (PEN) es considerado como funci?n de la mujer. Esto est? influenciado por el determinismo biol?gico que tiene la mujer del embarazo, de tener hijos. Pero, es indispensable reconocer que este proceso, desde su inicio, tambi?n involucra directamente al hombre. Adem?s de lo biol?gico, aquella asignaci?n femenina que se le da al PEN, tiene una fuerte influencia social, donde los estereotipos de g?nero tradicionales cumplen un papel determinante. En este sentido, valorando la importancia de involucrar al hombre en ese proceso, fue realizada la presente investigaci?n cualitativo. El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las representaciones sociales del hombre en el proceso del embarazo y el nacimiento del hijo(a), considerando a los personajes envueltos: hombre, mujer y profesional de salud. Se realizado en el Hospital Nossa Senhora da Sa?de en Diamantina. Fueron realizadas entrevistas semiestructuradas en los 17 participantes, de los cuales fueron madres, 5 padres y 7 profesionales de salud; siendo ese n?mero definido por el criterio de saturaci?n. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas, transcritas e sometidas al an?lisis de contenido, juntamente con los datos obtenidos por la observaci?n participante. El an?lisis de contenido permiti? identificar cuatro grandes categor?as: Estereotipos de g?nero, profesionales de salud, factores externos, e beneficios, de la participaci?n del hombre en el PEN respectivamente. En sentido general el PEN tiene a?n la representaci?n de ser de responsabilidad femenina. Esto es m?s evidente en etapas relacionadas a la planificaci?n familiar e durante el embarazo, pues durante el parto e el nacimiento se percibe cierta aproximaci?n en la participaci?n del hombre, pero enfatizando esa presencia como s?mbolo de compa??a, fortaleza e seguridad para la mujer. Se evidencia que los estereotipos de g?nero tradicional, aquellos que refuerzan la idea de que el proceso en cuesti?n es de responsabilidad b?sicamente femenina e que desligan al hombre de los cuidados e de la asistencia sanitaria que involucra ese proceso, est?n fuertemente arraigados no s?lo en los hombres, sino tambi?n en las mujeres, e, en los mismos profesionales de salud participantes, quienes a veces refuerzan esos estereotipos en su actividad sanitaria. Un aspecto relevante que surgi? en la presente investigaci?n es que el trabajo de parto y el parto en s?, son escenarios de confrontaci?n, ambivalencia e dualidad para los hombres, pues convergen dos tipos de masculinidad. As?, por un lado es un escenario que replica algunas caracter?sticas de la masculinidad hegem?nica: el hombre como s?mbolo de fortaleza e seguridad. Por otro lado es una etapa muy sensible, que permite que los hombres demuestren algunos sentimientos como el miedo, el dolor, la inseguridad, caracter?sticas que van en contra de la masculinidad tradicional, pero que ofrece una ventana de cambio de la masculinidad hegem?nica que es fuertemente mantenida en la sociedad. En este contexto, es importante que los profesionales de salud, se conviertan en agentes de cambio e promuevan partos m?s humanizados e acogedores, considerando como punto clave la perspectiva de g?nero en este proceso, as? como en la salud sexual y reproductiva en general.

Master thesis deals with changes of elements, that constitute a fairy tale of the Cinderella in different times, cultural and media contexts. Therefore, thesis analyzes and compares different literal and film renderings of the story based upon morfological composition of the fairy tale and motives and gender stereotypes present in it. Individual features of tales are then processed and divided on archetypal and changeable. Main character, the Cinderella , is also considered, and her common characteristic is documented within gender analysis for every version of the story. Thesis also deals with fairy tale in general, with its definition, characteristic and theory of origin. Fairy tale is then interpreted as a part of folklore creation and as a literary work.

The purpose of this study was to examine how male and female celebrities are represented on the 24 covers of e+, a weekly entertainment magazine that was published by Dubai-based Al Nisr Publishing. This cross-sectional, exploratory study used a qualitative visual semiotic analysis and quantitative content analysis to examine how male and female celebrities are constructed and represented on covers published between October 2010 and September 2011. In addition, the study explored whether the myths and ideologies found on the covers made an impression on the perceptions and tastes of teenagers living in the UAE. A subsequent self-administered questionnaire was completed by 30 teenagers living in the UAE aged between 16 and 19 with the purpose of determining how teenagers experienced representations of celebrities. Furthermore, to gain a deeper understanding of how teenagers experienced celebrity culture, three focus-group interviews, each comprising of six participants, are conducted. The study found that both male and female celebrities were represented in gender stereotypical roles. Results showed that male celebrities were represented as active, strong, decisive and dominant. Male celebrities were associated with success, fast cars and dangerous weapons. On the other hand, female celebrities were predominantly represented as submissive. The representations of female celebrities focused on beauty and fashion. The survey and focus-group results revealed that celebrity culture does have an influence on teenagers. Participants reported that they bought products that they saw celebrities wearing or using, emulated the celebrities’ behaviour and copied hairstyles and make-up looks. However, the study found that, in addition to celebrity culture, teenagers’ perceptions are also shaped by their peers, parents and other people they interact with such as teachers. / Communication Science / M.A. (Communication Science)

This study investigated the relationships between diverse variables and secondary school pupils' Mathematics achievement. It also dealt with the relative contribution of each variable to Mathematics achievement and the significance of differences in Mathematics achievements when pupils' gender and home background as well as teachers' experience, gender, education, in-service education, homework assignment and testing frequency are taken into account. A questionnaire was administered on 163 standard 8 pupils. I The most important findings of this study were: {1) There was a significant relationship between pupil variables and Mathematics achievement. (2) Pupil variables, particularly self-concept, contributed significantly towards the variance in Mathematics achievement. (3) Pupils who wrote tests often (more than once per term) achieved significantly less than students who wrote tests less often / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

The thesis deals with the history of feminism both in the world and in the Czech Republic, its trends and waves. Some distinguished male and female feminism representatives whose works and opinions have influenced the development of feminist ideology are introduced. It also gives a survey of permeation as well as influence of feminism and gender on certain areas of private and social life in the European Union and in the Czech Republic. In the thesis legitimacy or illegitimacy of feminist demands and possibilities to meet those demands are discussed. The terms such as equality, discrimination, agenda on equality between men and women and family politics are mentioned, because they refer to areas of a prominent concern of feminism.

Ce travail a pour objectif d’interroger l’influence de l’identité sexuée sur les comportements à risque au volant des jeunes conducteurs. Il s’organise autour de trois axes. Le premier porte sur la validation des outils de mesure et d’activation de l’identité sexuée (études 1-4). Le deuxième porte sur la validation d’outils de mesure des comportements à risque au volant, de la prise de risque et de la perception du risque et des bénéfices dans différents domaines, et sur la mise en relation de la conformité aux stéréotypes de sexe avec ces différentes variables chez des tout-venants (études 5 & 6). Le troisième axe (étude 7) vise à tester l’effet de l’identité sexuée dans sa multidimensionnalité (i.e., conformité aux stéréotypes de sexe et identification à son groupe de sexe) sur les comportements à risque déclarés et le risque perçu chez les jeunes conducteurs. Les effets de l’identité sexuée dans le domaine routier et dans différents domaines sont comparés et la relation de causalité entre identité sexuée et comportements à risque, testée. Les résultats montrent un lien entre l’identité sexuée et la prise de risque et le risque et les bénéfices perçus qui varie en fonction du domaine et du sexe. Toutefois, ils ne permettent pas de conclure à un effet plus marqué de l’identité sexuée dans le domaine routier, ni de montrer la relation de causalité entre identité sexuée et comportements à risque chez les jeunes conducteurs. Si les liens entre identité sexuée et prise de risque apparaissent complexes, ce travail montre l’intérêt de l’approche psychosociale pour comprendre les différences de sexe et intragroupes de sexe dans les comportements à risque. / The objective of this thesis is to study the influence of gender identity on the risk-taking behaviour of young drivers. The work is laid out in three main sections. The first one focuses on the validation of measurement tools and the activation of gender identity (studies 1-4) The second one focuses on the validation of tools designed to measure driver risk-taking behaviour, risk and benefits perception in various fields, and on the link between gender stereotype conformity and the aforementioned variables in a broad range of subjects (studies 5 & 6). The third section of this thesis (study 7) aims to test the effect of gender identity in the multi-dimensional sense (i.e., conformity to gender stereotypes and identification to one’s gender group) on declared risk-taking behaviour and risk perception among young drivers. The effects of gender identity on driving and on various other fields are compared and the causality between gender identity and risk-taking behaviour is tested. The results show a link between gender identity and risk-taking, risk perception and benefits perception, which varies according to the domain and gender. However, the results leave us unable to ascertain the existence of a stronger effect of gender identity on driving behaviour. They also impede the highlighting of a causality effect between gender identity and risky behaviour among young drivers. Even if the link between gender identity and risk-taking seems to be complex, this work demonstrates the importance of a psychosocial approach in understanding gender differences and differences within a gender group in risk-taking behaviour.

The aim of this thesis is to find an answer to the question if gender influences news production and news selection. It is hypothesized that in national daily broadsheet newspapers, the editor's gender has no influence on the professional behaviour and therefore editors' preferences of topics and news values should be identical. The theoretical part deals with different approaches to the topic of gender influence on the news production, describes the situation and stereotyping of female journalists and strategies they choose to deal with it. Next it briefly recapitulates the main news values theories and dichotomy of "hard" and "soft" news. The research part describes a study of gender influence on decision-making processes during news selection in Czech national daily broadsheet newspapers. The statistical methods used herein include the Student's T-test, Z-test and ANOVA. The statistics show no significant differences between male and female editors in consideration of news topic importance (to the reader), news values assessment or the selection of printable news. All the editors in the researched respondent population tend to favor "hard" news and to consider the same values and topics important in the same manner regardless of their gender. Despite slight differences in individual topics, this...