Försvarsmakten har under de senaste åren gått igenom radikala förändringar, som fortfarande inte är klara. Samtidigt som fokus ligger på personalförsörjning samt annat så går den teknologiska utvecklingen framåt. Jag vill med denna uppsats belysa vad ett gemensamt geografiskt informationssystem skulle kunna innebära för chefer på en lägre nivå inom mekaniserade bataljoner. Med denna uppsatts vill jag skapa förståelse utav gemensamma geografiska informationssystem och vilka möjligheter de skulle kunna bidra med. I uppsatsen tar jag reda på om systemen skulle kunna underlätta för chefer i sitt ledarskap på slagfälten, likväl vilka effekter det stridstekniskt skulle kunna bidra med. Jag tar också reda på om Försvarsmakten med dagens materiell och teknologi kan uppbringa ett sådant system. Slutsatsen som dras är att Försvarsmakten inte med dagens materiell kan uppbringa ett sådant system, materielen är föråldrad och den främsta begränsningen är dataöverförningskapacitet. Andra slutsatser är att system som dessa underlättar för chefer ur flertalet perspektiv. Främst så skulle systemen kunna bidraga till högre stridseffektivitet och underlätta för så kallade mixade förband. / The Swedish Armed forces have under the past years gone through some radical changes and some of them are still going on. As focus is set on manpower, the technologic development moves forward. I want to highlight what a common graphical information system could mean to commanders on lower command level at mechanized units. With this essay I want to create an understanding of common geographical information systems and what opportunities it could help with. In the essay I will find out if the systems could favor commanders in their leadership on the battlefield, as well which effects it could have on battle tactics. I also find out if the Swedish Armed forces with today’s equipment could procure such a system. Conclusions of the essay is that the Swedish Armed forces cant with today’s equipment procure such an system, because of the equipments obsolete status and the prominent restriction is data transfer rate. Other conclusions are that systems like these favor commanders in several perspectives. Most prominent, could system like these contribute to higher battle efficiency and favor for mechanized- mixed unit types.

A tall tower flux measurement setup was established in metropolitan Houston, Texas, to measure trace gas fluxes from both anthropogenic and biogenic emission sources in the urban surface layer. We describe a new relaxed eddy accumulation system combined with a dual-channel gas chromatography - flame ionization detection used for volatile organic compound (VOC) flux measurements in the urban area, focusing on the results of selected anthropogenic VOCs, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX), and biogenic VOCs including isoprene and its oxidation products, methacrolein (MACR) and methyl vinyl ketone (MVK). We present diurnal variations of concentrations and fluxes of BTEX, and isoprene and its oxidation products during summer time (May 22 - July 22, 2008) and winter time (January 1 - February 28). The measured BTEX values exhibited diurnal cycles with a morning peak during weekdays related to rush-hour traffic and additional workday daytime flux maxima for toluene and xylenes in summer time. However, in winter time there was no additional workday daytime peaks due mainly to the different flux footprints between the two seasons. A comparison with different EPA National Emission Inventories (NEI) with our summer time flux data suggests potential underestimates in the NEI by a factor of 3 to 5. The mixing ratios and fluxes of isoprene, MACR and MVK were measured during the same time period in summer 2008. The presented results show that the isoprene was affected by both tail-pipe emission sources during the morning rush hours and biogenic emission sources in daytime. The observed daytime mixing ratios of isoprene were much lower than over forested areas, caused by a comparatively low density of isoprene emitters in the tower's footprint area. The average daytime isoprene flux agreed well with emission rates predicted by a temperature and light only emission model (Guenther et al., 1993). Our investigation of isoprene's oxidation products MACR and MVK showed that both anthropogenic and biogenic emission sources exist for MACR, while MVK was strongly dominated by a biogenic source, likely the isoprene oxidation between the emission and sampling points.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-20T14:32:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BOAZ ANTÔNIO DE VASCONCELOS LOPES - TESE (PPGRN).pdf: 21835437 bytes, checksum: 1e2567b0059be149ffa12e6273f26d5c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-20T14:32:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BOAZ ANTÔNIO DE VASCONCELOS LOPES - TESE (PPGRN).pdf: 21835437 bytes, checksum: 1e2567b0059be149ffa12e6273f26d5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-17 / A tese desenvolve uma proposta metodológica complexa que visa a dois propósitos: servir como um paradigma científico complexo para o estudo do meio ambiente e como um procedimento prático de gestão ambiental participativa apoiada por um sistema computacional de informação georreferenciada. O método complexo está baseado em três fundamentações teóricas: concepção, procedimento e instrumento. Desenvolvidos a partir das noções de racionalidade ambiental, teoria da complexidade e sistema de informação geográfica, respectivamente. Como procedimento prático foi feita uma aplicação do método proposto na realidade da gestão ambiental do Jardim Botânico de João Pessoa, em que foram analisadas as condições de sustentabilidade desse órgão público na perspectiva social, ambiental, econômica, histórica, política, cultural, administrativa, e proposto um modelo conceitual de Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG). A Mata do Buraquinho, onde está inserido o Jardim Botânico de João Pessoa, é uma das maiores reservas ambientais de Mata Atlântica urbana do Brasil, no entanto, foi observado que ainda não está sendo praticado o desenvolvimento sustentável nesse importante meio ambiente. Visto que a visão de gestão adotada é baseada na racionalidade econômica, o procedimento não é integrado nem participativo e inexiste instrumento de acompanhamento para a gestão ambiental do Jardim Botânico de João Pessoa. / The thesis develops a complex methodological proposal that seeks two purposes: to serve as a complex scientific paradigm for the study of the environment and as a practical procedure of participative environmental administration supported by a georeferenced information computacional system. The complex method is based on three theoretical bases: conception, procedure and instrument. These are developed starting from the notions of environmental rationality, theory of the complexity and geographical information system, respectively. As practical procedure it was made an application of the proposed method in the reality of the environmental administration of the Botanical Garden of João Pessoa, in which the conditions of sustainability of that public agency were analyzed in the social, environmental, economical, historical, politics, cultural, and administrative perspective, and proposed a conceptual model of Geographical Information System (GIS). The Buraquinho forest, where the Botanical Garden of João Pessoa is inserted, is one of the largest environmental reservations of urban Atlantic forest of Brazil, however, it was observed that still the maintainable development is not being practiced in that important environment. Because the vision of adopted administration is based on economical rationality, the procedure is not integrated and participative and attendance instrument inexists for the environmental administration of the Botanical Garden of João Pessoa.

Os consórcios são conhecidos pelo aumento da capacidade de realização que confere aos participantes, e maior eficiência no uso dos recursos disponíveis, o que auxiliaria os pequenos governos locais para solucionar a escassez de recursos. Este trabalho apresenta o estudo do sistema consorciado intermunicipal para destinação dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, para auxiliar os municípios de pequeno porte na solução da inadequada destinação do lixo, responsáveis por constantes impactos ambientais. Os estudos foram realizados através de análises de custos com enfoque logístico, no nível estratégico de localização de facilidades e roteirização e programação da frota. Os estudos foram possíveis, com o auxílio do software TransCAD, uma ferramenta de Sistema de Informações Geográficas. Através do TransCAD, foi realizado a localização dos aterros sanitários, obedecendo-se as restrições impostas, e a roteirização da frota de veículos, que levassem ao menor custo logístico. Para se chegar à situação de menor custo, diversas configurações foram consideradas, nas quais foram variados o número de aterros que atendem os municípios, e a presença ou não de estações de transferência de resíduos. O método desenvolvido promoveu a análise de custos da implantação e operação do sistema consorciado, que consiste desde a coleta de resí-duos, até a disposição final em aterros sanitários. Os resultados deste trabalho comprovaram quantitativamente que o consórcio é mais eficiente do que a solução isolada para cada município. / The consortium are known by the growth of the accomplishment capacity that grants to the participants, and larger efficiency in the use of the available resources, what would aid the small local governments to solve the lack of resources. This work presents the study of the intermunicipal consortium system for the destination of the urban solid waste, to aid the small cities to solve the inadequate destination of the waste, responsible for constant environmental damages. The studies were developed through the costs analysis with logistics focus, on the strategic level of facilities location and the vehicle routing. The studies were possible with the aid of the software TransCAD, a tool of Geographical Information System. Through the TransCAD, being obeyed the imposed restrictions, the location of the sanitary landfill was made, and vehicles routing, to take to the lowest logistics cost. To reach the situation of lowest cost, several configurations were considered, in which the number of sanitary landfill for the cities were varied, and the inclusion or not the solid waste transfer stations. The developed method promoted the cost analysis of the implantation and operation of the consortium system, from the waste collection, until the final disposition in sanitary landfills. The results of this work proved quantitatively that the consortium is more efficient than the isolated solution for each city.

Floods are common natural disaster occurring in most parts of the world. This results in damage to human life and deterioration of environment. There have been immense uses of technology to mitigate measures of flood disaster i.e. structurally and non-structurally. Undoubtedly, structural measures are very expensive and time consuming which involves physical work like construction of dams, reservoirs, bridges, channel improvement, river diversion and other embankments to keep floods away from people. Whereas non-structural measures is concerned with planning like flood forecasting and warning, flood plain zoning, relief and rehabilitation for reducing the risk of flood damage to keep people away from floods. Thus, non-structural measures involve analysis, planning providing spatial information on maps with high accuracy in less time. Non-structural measures can help decision maker to plan an effective emergency response towards flood disaster. A one of the good way to plan non-structural measures is to analyze impact of flood in the flood prone areas. The thesis tries to analyze impact of flood on environment along the demarcated flood prone areas of Lake Roxen and Lake Glan in Östergötland County, Sweden. The thesis also proposes how to use current flood information during flood emergency utilizing geographical information system. This provides spatial information for area in the flood zone for assessment regarding flood vulnerability. Using map overlay analysis in GIS software (ArcGIS); flood prone areas and topographic data along Lake Roxen and Lake Glan were digitized from PDF maps. Thus, the thesis work is an effort to analyze impact of flood when areas along Lake Roxen and Lake Glan are flooded. ESRI® GIS software Arc Map 9 and Arc View 3.3 is used for data preparation, integrating, analyzing, and spatial data with attribute table information. Finally, to show GIS can be an effective tool for development of flood emergency system as a part of disaster preparedness by the decision makers.

The master’s thesis deals with problematic of information systems of the company which deals with the ambulant, gynecologic and genetic examination of patients. Assesses the current state of the company, main business processes and their information support. It suggest new information system to support genetic examination including economic evaluation and impact of its implementation.

En Afrique, la décentralisation s'effectue dans des contextes variables selon les pays: la nécessité de réformer l'Etat suite à une crise, la volonté d'instaurer une démocratie locale pour compenser le pouvoir central voire dictatorial, parfois même l'incapacité de l'Etat à fournir les services socioéconomiques de base comme la santé, l'éducation, l'eau potable etc.En Afrique de l'Ouest, la décentralisation s’est souvent accompagnée d’un redécoupage des territoires dans les années 1990. La plupart des pays d’Afrique de l'Ouest ont créé trois niveaux de collectivités territoriales: la Région, le Département (Cercle au Mali) et la Commune. Ceci entraîne un besoin de gestion et d’aménagement du territoire à plusieurs échelles (état des lieux, suivi de l’emprise spatiale de l’aménagement, assainissement, gestion des ressources naturelles, développement économique rural, santé, éducation, hydraulique, gestion des risques etc.). Dans le cadre d’un besoin d’informations croissant, les partenaires au développement reconnaissent l’utilité du Système d'Information Géographique (SIG), comme outil d'aide à la décision. La création de différents ministères en lien avec l’information géographique au Mali, nécessite la mise en commun de compétences s’articulant autour de la géomatique. En effet, si chaque Institution et ministère sectoriel dispose de données thématiques propres, leur valorisation se heurte à une forte dispersion et disparité des données géographiques et cartographiques.Comment mutualiser un même système géospatial et territorial entre une mairie, une collectivité territoriale, une ONG, l’Etat ainsi que d’autres partenaires travaillant sur une même emprise territoriale ? Quelle stratégie d’information territoriale pour un pays comme le Mali ?L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est de mettre en place, selon les concepts, méthodes, et technologies de la géographie actuelle et de la statistique, un outil d’aide à la décision dans un contexte de mutualisation et de décentralisation, conçu pour faire franchir un pas décisif au bénéfice de l'aménagement territorial local, par une mise en cohérence et une mise à disposition des données géolocalisées nécessaires à une politique efficace d'aménagement du territoire. Cette perspective à caractère stratégique implique de remonter jusqu'aux aspects de la répartition des pouvoirs, les rapports entre les logiciels libres et payants, l’information participative (aspects sociétal, social, contexte ethnique...) et le développement de l’information géographique au Mali. Une stratégie d’information est en fait un préalable indispensable de toute stratégie d’aménagement et de développement. Le projet de thèse se veut un projet innovant cherchant à fournir des réponses sur la mise en place d’une telle politique de gestion multi-sources et multi-acteurs de l’information spatiale dans un pays en développement. / In Africa, decentralization takes place in contexts that vary from country to country: the need to reform the Government following a crisis, the desire to establish local democracy to compensate for central or even dictatorial power, sometimes even the Government 's inability to provide basic socio-economic services such as health, education, drinking water, etc.In West Africa, decentralization was often accompanied by a redrawing of territories in the 1990s. Most West African countries have created three levels of local authorities: the Region, the Department (Cercle in Mali) and the Commune. This leads to a need for territory management and planning on several scales (inventory, monitoring of the environmental impact of development, sanitation, natural resource management, rural economic development, health, education, hydraulics and risk management). In the context of a growing need for information, development partners recognize the usefulness of the Geographic Information System (GIS) as a tool for decision making. The creation of different ministries in connection with geographic information in Mali requires pooling of skills centered on geomatics. Indeed, while each Institution and sectoral ministry has its own thematic data, their valuation is hampered by a high dispersion and disparity of geographical and cartographic data.How to share a common geospatial and territorial system across a town hall, a local authority, an NGO, the Government as well as other partners working on the same territorial? What territorial information strategy for a country like Mali?The aim of this thesis is to create, according to the concepts, methods, and technologies of current geography and statistics, a tool to support decision making in a context of overlapping responsibilities/actions and decentralization, designed to take a decisive step forward for the benefit of local territorial planning, by making coherent and available the geolocalized data necessary for an effective spatial planning policy. This strategic perspective implies going back to the distribution of powers, the ratio between free and paid software, participative information (societal, social, ethnic aspects, etc.) and the development of geographical information in Mali.An information strategy is in fact an essential prerequisite for any planning and development strategy. This thesis is an innovative project that will aim to provide answers on the implementation of such a strategy of multi-source and multi-stakeholder spatial information management in a developing country.

Prospektionen der Universität Leipzig im Umkreis des römischen vicus Belginum weisen bei Wederath, Flur Kleinicher Berg (Gde. Morbach, Kr. Bernkastel-Wittlich, Rheinland Pfalz) eine mutmaßliche villa rustica hin. Diese lag auf einem kleinen Plateau außerhalb der Begehungsfläche. Das Fundmaterial besteht vorwiegend aus Ziegeln (Dach- und Fußbodenziegel) und relativ wenig Keramik. Die bestimmbare römische Keramik datiert in das 2. bis 4. Jh. n. Chr. Bemerkenswert ist der Fund mehrerer Scherben der Hunsrück-Eifel-Kultur. Sie könnten einen Hinweis auf eine Besiedlung des Plateaus seit der Mitte des 1. Jahrtausends v. Chr. darstellen. Nur wenige hundert Meter entfernt befindet sich das große Hügelgräberfeld „Götzeroth“ der Hunsrück- Eifel-Kultur. / Archaeological prospections by the University of Leipzig in the surroundings of the Roman vicus Belginum revealed near Wederath (Rhenania-Palatinate, Germany) a probable villa rustica. Mostly bricks (tegulae, imbrices and floor tiles) and only a small amount of ceramics were found. The Roman ceramics are dating mostly into the 2nd to 4th cent. AD. Remarkable are the finds of some ceramic sherds of the Hunsrück-Eifel-Culture. They could indicate settlement activity at the site since the mid of the first millennium BC. The extended tumulus cemetery “Götzeroth” is located some hundred meters to the east.

Recognizing the imperative transition towards renewable energy sources to combat climate change, this study explores the outlooks for offshore wind power in Norway, a country endowed with extensive coastlines and favourable wind conditions. The thesis sets out to support decision-making processes by synthesizing contemporary research and applying context-specific insights to the southern half of the Norwegian economic zone (NEZ) into a comprehensive Spatial-Multi-criteria Analysis (SMCA). Through meticulous research, sub-criteria relevant to the geographical information systems-based SMCA are identified across four major categories: Wind, Techno-economic, Environ-mental, and Social considerations. Through the adoption of the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) framework, the analysis generates suitability maps for all identified sites within the NEZ, facilitating a ranking procedure for both floating and bottom-fixed sites. By, among else, incorporating potential grid connection points and distance to suitable ports, this thesis offers a novel contribution to the limited body of literature on offshore wind power SMCA in the NEZ. Additionally, through state of the art data sets on mammal presence and cumulative impact on seabirds, the study not only advances the academic discourse on offshore wind power planning but also offers practical tools for policymakers and industry practitioners. The findings underscore the complexity of offshore wind farm siting, highlighting the impor-tance of a balanced consideration of various criteria to ensure sustainable and economically viable energy production. Significantly, amongst sites suitable for floating foundations, Ves-tavind A emerges as the prime location for wind farm development. The bottom rankings, however, are claimed by different sites depending on which weighting schema is applied. For future studies on the topic, important building blocks include incorporating data on seabed conditions such as geology and sloping into the SMCA alongside including more sub-criteria linked to met-ocean conditions (e.g., cut-out periods of the wind turbines caused by extreme weather). / Mot bakgrund av den globala omställningen till en alltmer grön energimix utforskar denna studie utsikterna för havsbaserad vindkraft i Norge, ett land med vidsträckta kustlinjer och gynnsamma vindförhållanden. Uppsatsen syftar till att stödja beslutsprocesser genom att sammanställa samtida forskning och tillämpa insikter anpassade till den södra halvan av Norges ekonomiska zon (NEZ) i en omfattande rumslig analys. Slutprodukten blir en relativ rangordning av en uppsättning områden som alla, enligt norska myndigheter, lämpar sig för installation av havsbaserad vindkraft. Genom noggrann efterforskning identifieras olika faktorer (subkriterier) som anses rel-evanta för den rumsliga analysen, dessa delas up i fyra övergripande kategorier: Vind, Tekno-ekonomiska faktorer, Miljöaspekter och Sociala aspekter. Med hjälp av en särskild viktningsmodell, där faktorerna ställs mot varandra och prioriteras utifrån deras relativa betydelse, genereras lämplighetskartor för alla platser inom studieområdet. Denna process ligger sedermera till grund för den ovannämnda rangordningen och görs både för platser som är tänkta för flytande och bottenfast havsbaserad vindkraft. Genom att bland an-nat inkludera potentiella anslutningspunkter till elnätet och avstånd till hamnar, som speficifkt lämpars sig för vindturbininstallationer, bidrar detta forskningsarbete med nytt innehåll till den vetenskapliga litteraturen. Därtill kan studien, utöver att bidra till den akademiska diskursen, komma att fungera som ett praktiskt verktyg för beslutsfattare och yrkesverksamma inom industrin. Resultaten påminner läsaren om komplexiteten i placeringen av havsbaserade vindkraftverk, vilket bekräftar vikten av en balanserad beaktning av olika kriterier. Detta för att kunna säkerställa att nya energiprojekt presterar bra utifrån ett miljömässigt och socialt perspektiv samtidigt som den ekonomiska lönsamheten säkras. Sett till de områden som studien utreder framstår Vestavind A som det bäst lämpade området för utveckling av havsbaserad vindkraft. De lägsta placeringarna upptas emellertid av olika platser beroende på hur de olika kriterierna viktas. Några förslag på hur denna studie kan utvecklas för att fortsatt kunna bidra till nya insikter inom forskningsområdet är att inkludera data om bottenförhållanden (exempelvis geologi och lutning) i den rumsliga analysen, samt att addera subkriterier med en naturlig koppling till meteorologiska aspekter såsom avbrottsperioder för vindturbiner till följd av extremväder.

Westland petrels Procellaria westlandica breed only near Punakaiki on the West Coast of New Zealand. About 80 km offshore from their breeding colony, New Zealand's largest commercial fishery (for hoki Macruronus novaezelandiae) operates from mid June to early September, coinciding with the Westland petrel's breeding season. It has been assumed that Westland petrels feed extensively on fisheries waste and that this habit has been at least partly responsible for the increase in the Westland petrel population. Some seabird biologists have expressed concern that if a species comes to depend on scavenging at fishing vessels, such a species could experience a food crisis if fishing operations changed in a way that reduced the quantity of waste discharged. The aim of this research was to assess how dependent Westland petrels have become on fisheries waste for food. Diet studies showed that during the hoki fishing season, waste accounts for more than half by weight of the solid food Westland petrels bring back to the colony to feed their chicks. After the hoki season, waste contributes only about a quarter of their diet as birds switch to more natural prey and scavenge a wider variety of fish species presumably from smaller, inshore fishing vessels. Much of the fisheries waste eaten by Westland petrels was flesh which could not be identified using traditional techniques. The electrophoretic technique iso-electric focusing increased the number of fish samples that could be identified and consequently the diet was interpreted differently than it would have been had only traditional diet analysis been used. The survey of Westland petrel distribution off the west coast of the South Island, found that although hoki fishing vessels influence the distribution of Westland petrels, only a small proportion of the Westland petrel population appears to utilise this food resource at any one time. Westland petrels were tracked at sea by VHF radio telemetry and then by satellite tracking. Satellite tracking showed that there is considerable variation in the amount of time Westland petrels spend in the vicinity of fishing vessels. On average, satellite tracked birds spent one third of their time near vessels, but they foraged over much larger areas than that occupied by the West Coast South Island hoki fishing fleet. Although fisheries waste is an important component of the Westland petrel diet, it appears that the situation is one of opportunistic use of a readily available resource, rather than one of dependence. Several features of the Westland petrel's breeding biology and foraging ecology suggest that Westland petrels could compensate for a reduction in waste from the hoki fishery by switching to other sources of waste and increasing their consumption of natural prey. Nevertheless, much remains unanswered concerning the role of fisheries waste in the Westland petrel's diet. In particular, quantifying the waste available to seabirds, and the success of Westland petrels in acquiring that waste compared to other scavenging species, is needed in order to better predict the effect of a reduction in fisheries waste on Westland petrel population size.